Vide thu hdi den nhffng va'n de ly luan va thtfc lidn lidn quan den dat khdng chi lam eac hp ndng dan ma't sinh ke' cua ngtfdi dan sau thu hdi da't d nhffng gdc dd di ttf lieu san xua't
Trang 1Sinh ke cua ngiTo^i dan
sau thu hoi dat tai di/ an
Khu Do thi Viet Sinh An Binh,
huyen Ba Tri, tfnh Ben Tre
LA THANH CHIEN' DigP THANH TClNG'*
Tom m
Trong bdi vii't ndy, tdc gid sd dung phuang phdp sai biit kip (Difference in different - DID) kdt
h(fp phuang phdp hSi quy da Men OLS di do ludng tdc ddng cda thu hoi dat ddi vdi thu nhdp
ciia ngudi ddn thuoc du dn Khu do thi Viet Sinh An Binh, huyen Ba Tri tinh Ben Tre Ket qud
nghiin cdu chi ra rang, thu hoi dat co dnh hudng din mdc sdng cua ngUdi bi thu hoi ddi thdng
qua viic lam tdng chi tiiu trong ddi sdng cda ho; tuy nhien, khdng cd bdng chdng cho thdy thu
hSi ddi tdc ddng de'n thu nhdp ciia ho Td do, nghien cdu dd de xudt mot sdgai y chinh sdch
cho chinh quyen dia phuang dede ra nhdng gidi phdp lich cue cho nhi^g ho ddn bi thu hoi dd't
Ttf khoa: sai biit kip, nguSn luc sinh ke, khu dd thi Viet Sinh An Binh, huyen Ba Tri
Summary
Using the difference in different approach combined with the multivariate regression method,
this study examines the impact of land acquysilion to the income of the people having lived in
Viet Sinh An Binh Urban area, Ba Tri District, Ben Tre Province Research results indicate
that land acquysilion has impacted on the standard of their living due to the increased
spending in their lives; however, there is no evidence that land acquysilion has impacted on
household income Therefore, the study has proposed some suggestions about policies for
local authorities to propose positive solutions for households
Keywords: difference in difference, livelihood resources, Viet Sinh An Binh Urban area Ba Tri I
district —^%
GIOI THIEU dH't dd tim ra nguyen nhan la rS't quan trpng dd'i vdi sinh
ke' cua cac hd tai Khu dd thi
Tai dtf an Khu do thi Viet Sinh An
Binh, huyen Ba Tri, nhieu hd dan sau khi CO SCf LY THUYET
bj thu hdi da't, da chuyen ddi sang nganh
nghe khdc, nhtfng eOng ra't nhieu hd phai Cho dd'n nay, da cd nhieu de tai nghien etfu de cap
doi mat vdi ma't viec lam Vide thu hdi den nhffng va'n de ly luan va thtfc lidn lidn quan den
dat khdng chi lam eac hp ndng dan ma't sinh ke' cua ngtfdi dan sau thu hdi da't d nhffng gdc dd
di ttf lieu san xua't dac biet quan trong la va giai doan khdc nhau, Chang han, nghidn ciJu eua
da't dai, m^ con lam mat di ngudn cung Nguydn Thj Khanh Hoa (2012) da nhan dang cdc yd'u
ca'p thtfc pham, thu nhap eua hd gia dinh, id': ngtfdi phu thudc, hpe va'n va nghe nghidp eua lao
gay ra stf xao iron xa hdi Khdng con da't dpng chinh ed tac ddng Idn dd'n thay ddi sinh kd' sau tai
san xua'l ndng nghiep, vdi trinh dd ed dinh etf va cbi ra nhtfng khd khan kinh le - xa hdi gap
han, quen lao ddng chan lay, ngtfdi ndng phai Nghidn etfu cua Nguydn Thj Thuan An (2012)
dan phai tim moi each xoay xd vdi eupc nhan tha'y stf bat cSp trong qua trinh chuyen ddi viec
sdng mdi Chinh vi vay, viec danh gia, so lam cho ngtfdi cd da't bi ibu bdi, thie'u stf phdi hdp ve
sanh dung thtfc trang irifdc vd sau thu hoi quy hoach, ke hoach vdi va'n de dao tao nghe! giai
, '• TS , Trirong Dai hoc Tra Vinh I Email dLtung@tvu,edu,vn
Ngay nhan liai: 19/12/2016: Ngav phdn bien- 10/03/2017: Ngdy duvet ddng: 19/03/2017
Trang 2•
•
Nh6m tham gia
Nhdm doi chiJog
Khdc biet trong khSc bi$t
" - ; 3 ! ;
RVam 2013
K
P.+P,
m,
N3m 201^fli
P + P,
P + P, + Pi + P,
:Jr.1i
!
J C h a c p i ^ H
p,
p,+p,
p,
ISguon' Mhom tac gia tong h^p va dieu chfnh theo Phan Thi MCf 2012
quydt vide 1dm cho ngtfdi dSn, chtfa gan vide chuydn
dich cd cau da't dai vdi cd ca'u lao ddng Ngudn Itfc tai
chinh va ngudn life vat chd't cua cae hd ddn gia tdng,
nhtfhg ehi mang tinh tam thdi, bdi vi ngudn life eon
ngtfdi, ngudn Irfc xa hoi, ngudn life ttf nhien chi 6 mtfc
han chd', ndn vide duy tri ngudn Itfe tai chinh va nguon
life vat chat mang tinh rui ro cao va phu thudc nhieu
vao stf thay ddi che dp chinh sdch h6 trp ciia chinh
quydn va sif thay ddi nOi Itfc cua ngtfdi dan Pham Anh
Linh (2015) cung khang dinh, trinh dd hpc vCn ciia lao
dpng chinh cd vai trd rat quan trpng Cu the Id so ndm
di hpc cang nhieu, thi se co co hdi vide lam dn dinh vdi
mtfc thu nhap td't hdn rat nhieu Nhffng hp gia dinh cd
so' ngtfdi phu thudc cdng Idn, thi ddi sdng se khd khan
hdn, khd nang chi tidu gidm vd thu nhdp cung se gidm
Ngtfpe lai, cac hd gia dinh khdng co hoac cd il ngtfdi
phu thupc thi sif thay ddi sinh ke' se theo chieu htfdng
dn dinh va td't hdn
PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CLTU
_ Trong nghien ctfu nay, de phdn tich vd ddnh gia cdc
yd^u td tdc ddng dd'n sinh ke' cua hp sau khi bi thu hdi
dd't, tdc gia stf^dung stf kidn bi thu hdi da't nhtf mdt bid'n
chinh sdch De dp dung dtfpc phtfdng phdp ndy can phai
cd sd lieu bang, ttfc la sd lieu vtfa phan anh thdng tin
hd tham gia va nhdm hp dd'i chtfng Tuy nhien, sinh ke'
ciia hp khdng ehi phu thupc vao chinh sdch thu hoi da't
de trien khai dtf an xay dtfng Khu dd thi Viet Sinh An
Binh, md cdn phu thudc vao nhieu yd'u to' khdc, nhtf:
tudi ehtj hp; quy md hp; thanh vien trong gia dinh la
cdng chtfc, vien ehtfc; vd'n vat cha't; tinh dan chii, cdng
bdng irongjhu hdi dd't Vi vay, ddnh gia tdc ddng de'n
thu nhap cua hd sau thu hdi da't se Id chinh xdc hdn nd'u
dtfa tiidm cdc bid'n nay vdo lam bie'n kiem sodt Dd lam
dtfOc dieu nay, nghien ctfu ke't hop gitfa phtfdng phap DID
va phtfdng phap hdi quy da bie'n OLS Trong dd, phifdng
phap DID difa tren so sanh giffa dd'i ttfdng tham gia va
khong tham gia trtfde va sau can thiep
Md hinh kinh te' Itfdng dtfdc dtfa ra nhtf sau'
Y, = p„ + P,T + P^D + p, D*T + p^Z„ + f,
Trong do,
Y, la chi lieu phan anh thu nhap vd chi tidu binh
quan dau ngtfdi ciia hp i lai thdi diem l;
T = 1: Hd khao sal nam 2016
T = 0: Hp khao sat nam 2013,
D = 1: Hd khao sat ihupc nhdm tham gia;
chtfng;
Z,: Id cdc bid'n kiem sodt, bao gom nhdrn bien phan dnh dac didm tuoi chu
hd, quy md hd
Theo phtfdng phdp DID, khi thifc hien chinh sach thu hdi dat, thi ca hai nhdm hp tham gia vd nhdm ho dd'i chtfng deu chiu stf tdc dpng bdi cdc yd'u to' thay ddi tdi san
sinh ke, ttf 66 se dSn de'n thay ddi vd mat
stf thay ddi khdng giong nhau va sif so sdnh khdc bidt giffa hai nhdm chinh la stf khdc biet trong khdc bidt (Bang 1) Trong nghidn cdXi ndy, dff lidu sd ca'p dtfde thu thdp tff vide td chtfc khdo sdt bang bang hdi phong vd'n trffc tidjp cdc
hp gia dinh bi thu hdi dd't va khdng bi thu hdi ddft doc theo dtf dn Khu dd thi Viet Sinh An Binh
Dd phtfdng phdp DID cd y nghia tfdc Itfdng, hai nhdm hd phdi ed dac diem ttfdng ttf nhau, nghia Id nd'u khdng cd dtf an xay dtfng Khu dd thi Viet Sinh
An Binh, thi thu nhdp vd chi tidu eiia ca
hai nhdm thay ddi ttfdng l\X nhau tff nam
2013 dd'n ndm 2016 Ngodi ra, de phii hdp vdi didu kidn nghidn ctfu vd ngudn life kinh phi vd thdi gian, ddng thdi thuan tien trong cdng tdc thu thdp dff lidu, nghien ctfu ndy stf dung ham Rand trong phan mem Microsoft Excel de chpn ngdu nhidn 100 trong so 148 hd bi thu hdi da't Sau do, 100 hp khdng bi thu hdi da't, nhufng d Idn can vdi cac hd bi thu hdi da't dtfdc Itfa chpn lam nhdm dd'i chtfng trong nam 2013, ndn de cd ed set so sanh thu nhap ciia ngtfdi dan trtfde va sau khi
bi thu hdi da't, dff lidu se dtfpc khao sal d nam 2016
KET QUA NGHIEN CLTU
Mo hinh OLS vdi thu nhqp
Trtfde bd't, tdc gid tid'n hanh hdi quy md'i quan hd gitfa thu nhap hd vdi cdc bie'n: thdi gian; nhdm hp; ttfdng tac giffa thdi gian va nhdm hd theo md hinh hdi quy 1 Ke't qua in thd'ng ke d md binh bdi quy 1 (Bang 2) cho tha'y, vide thu hdi da't khdng tac ddng de'n Ihu nhdp hd Thay vao dd, nhffng thay ddi ve thdi gian tae ddng dat y nghTa thdng kd dot vdi thu nhap ciia hd Kie'm dinh T-Tesl cung cho Iha'y, khong cd stf khdc biet ve thu nhap giffa hai nhdm hp tham gia vd dd'i chtfng
58
Trang 3hai thdi didm nam 2013 vd nam 2016
Ngodi thu hdi ^ t cdn cd nhidu bien
khdc tdc ddng dd'n thu nhdp hd Chinh
vi v^y, trong md hinh hdi quy 2, tdc gia
dtfa thdm cdc big'n vao md hinh Id: tudi
chii hd; quy mo hd; ndu cd ngtfdi trong
gia (£nh Id cdng chffc, vidn chtfc; v6n v | t
chat; nd'u cd ddn ch0, cdng bang trong
thu hdi a^t; chu hp Id cdng chtfc, vidn
chtfc nha ntfdc; sd ndm di hoc trung binh
cfia hp (BSng 2)
Ket qud md hinh hdi quy 2 cho thdy,
viec thu hdi d^t vin khdng c6 tdc ddng
cd tdc dpng ddn thu nh$p hd/ndm dat
mtfc J nghia vdi sai bidt th^ng ke d mtfc
hieu Id: trong didu ki$n cdc ydu td khdc
khdng ddi, neu tudi chu hp tang 1 tudi,
thi thu nhdp ho tang 447 ngdn ddng/nam;
nhap hd tdng 5.354 ngdn ddng/nam; ndu
KOed thdm 1 ngtfdi Id cdng chtfc, vidn
ddng/ndm; vdn vdt chdt cua hp tang 1%,
ihi thu nhSp hO tang 26,03%; ndu cd ddn
chd, cdng bang trong thu hdi dd't, thi thu
Id cdng chtfc, vidn chtfc nhd ntfdc, thi thu
nhdp hd tdng 17.997 ngdn ddng/ndm; sd'
1 nam, thi thu nhap hp tdng 3.277 ngdn
ddng/nam
Tff dd cho thdy, tudi chii hp cang cao,
cdng cd nhidu kinh nghidm trong hoat
dOng san xuSt, kinh doanh; hd cd nhidu
lao ddng cd vide Idm, thi thu nhdp hd tang
Idn; chii hd Id cdng ehtfc, vidn chtfc nha
ntfdc, hd cd ngtfdi trong gia dinh Id cdng
ngdy cang tang do tham nidn cdng tdc;
vd'n vdt cha't hd cdng Idn, thi hd khdng
phai mua sam v|t dung thid't bi sinh
hoat trong gia dinh vd tdp trung ngudn
vdn d^u ttf vdo san xud't, kinh doanh; sd
nam di hpc cua hp cdng nhieu, thi se cd
xu htfdng thay ddi thu nhdp theo chieu
htfdng td't hdn
Qua 2 md hinh boi quy cho thd'y, viec
thu hdi dd't khdng anh htfdng den thu
nhdp ciia hd khi so sdnh giffa hai nhdm
hO tham gia vd nhdm hp dd'i chtfng Tuy
mtfc y nghia theo thdi gian vd anh htfdng
bdi cdc ye'u id: tudi chii hd; quy md hd;
ndu c6 ngtfdi trong gia dinh Id cdng chtfc,
Economy and Foiecast Review
t economy aiic"i^iecast Se^isw
^WP;?«"fi!rbi6i doTi»p""^Hf"
TtM gian Nhom hg
Tli^ gian * nhom h$
Ta6i chi h6
Quy mo hO N^u c6 ngirM trong gia fflnh la Cong chljc, viSn Chile
V6n vgt cha't
N^u c6 dan chii, c6ng bang trong thu h6i dSt Chii ho 1^ cong chdc, vien chdc nhd nude S^nSm di hoc tiung binh ciia h$
Number of obs Prob>F R' R^ dieu chinh
Hdi quy 1
17.414,95"
5.959,159
-e.424,945
366 0,0495 0,0214 0,0133
USi quy 2
12.641,41" -7.944,995
- 21,947,72"
447,2038™ 5.354,115" 3.8531,04"-0,2603"' 25.615,55"' 17.997,4' 3.277,352'"
366 0,0000 0,3899 0,3727 Ngudn: Ket qua khao sat
Ghichu: * **vd ***dgimiic;} nghia vdi saibi^lthd'ng Id dmiic 10%, 5%v&l%
cdng bang trong thu hdi dd't; chii hd Id cdng chffc, vidn chtfc nha ntfdc; sd ndm di hpc trung binh ciia hd
Mo hinh OLS vdi chi tiiu
Tdc gia tien hanh hdi quy mdi quan he giffa chi tieu ciia hd vdi cdc bien: thdi gian; nhdm hd; ttfdng tdc giffa nhdm hd vd thdi gian theo md hinh hdi quy 1 Kdt qud cho thdy, vide thu hdi dd't khdng ed tdc dpng ddn tdng ehi tidu hd (Bdng 3)
Khi dtfa thdm cdc bid'n kidm sodt khac, nhtf: tudi chii hd; quy md hp; nd'u cd ngtfdi trong gia dinh la cdng chtfc, vien chtfc; vd'n vdt cha't; ndu cd ddn ehii, cdng cho th^y, cdc bid'n ndy deu cd tdc ddng den thu nhdp hd/nam dat mtfc y nghia vdi sai bidt thdng kd d mffc
l 6 % , 5 % v a l % Tie'n hdnh kiem dinh Wald eho thay, md hinh dat mtfc ^ nghia vdi sai biet thdng kd 5 mffc 1% vd R^ dieu chinh = 30,63 Md hinh cho bidt, nhdm hd bi thu hdi dd't gidm tdng ehi tidu dat mtfc y nghia vdi sai bidt thd'ng
kd d mtfc 1 % so vdi nhdm hd khdng bi thu hdi ddt Dieu ndy dtfpc giai thich la do khi bi thu hdi da't, cdc hp nhan dtfdc mdt khoan tien bdi thtfdng, nen hd tdng chi tidu cho mua sam tai san, thidt bi vdt dung trong gia dinh, chi tidu cho gido due, cham sdc stfe khde, diu ttf san xud't Ben canh dd, md hinh hdi quy 2 cung eho thd'y, trong dieu kidn cac ydu td khac khdng doi, ne'u tudi thi tdng ehi tieu hd tdng; nd'u hd c6 ngtfdi trong gia dinh
Id cdng chtfc, vidn chtfc thi thu nhdp hd tang vd tdng chi tieu hd cung tang; vdn vat chd't ciia hd tang, long chi tieu cua hp tdng do hp chi tidu nhidu cho viec mua sam; nd'u cd ddn chii, cdng bang trong thu hdi da't thi
59 J
Trang 4^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ B f n B e n l & c Up
Thcli gian
Nhom ha
Nhom hO * tbiti gian
Tug] chii h6
Quy mo ho
Ne'u cfi ngiTdi trong gia dinh Ik c6ng chtfc, vien chiJc
Von vat chat
N^u c6 dSn chii, cflng bang trong thu hoi dat
Number of obs
Prob >F
R'
R^ dieu chinh
Hdi quy 1
8.556,725"
4.593,971
4.990,351
366 0,0000 0,0633 0,0556
^mmm
5.540,318' -1.298,263
- 5.304,246
246,5964-5.961,923*"
11.899,89"' 0,2038'"
16.845,88'"
366 0,0000 0,3215 0.3063
* vd *** dat miic y nghia vdi;
Mguon, Ket qua khao sat
d bi$t thong ke d miic 10%, 5% vd 1%
thu nhdp hd se tang vd tdng chi tieu ciia hd ciing lang
(Bang 3)
MOT SO DE XUAT
Kd't qua nghien effu cho tha'y, co sff khac bidt ve
mtfc tdng cbi tieu sau thu hdi da't ciia nhdm hp bi thu
nhap hp, cd stf khac biet giffa nam 2013 vd nam 2016,
nhtfng khdng cd stf khac bidt giffa hai nhdm hp tham
gia vd dd'i chtfng, dieu ndy xud't phat ttf nguyen nhan,
nhtf: thdng tin ve thu nhdp hp do ngtfdi dan ngai cung
ca'p, thu nhap tff ndng nghidp thtfdng khdng dn liinh va
Id thupc vao yd'u to'thdi lie't, san Itfdng, gia ea
_ Ben canh dd, mpl so'yd'u td'ed kha nang anh htfdng
den stf thay ddi ddi song eiia hp ddn sau khi bi thu hoi
da't trong dieu kien cdc ye'u id khdc khdng ddi, cu the:
hp cd trinh dp giao due trung binh cang eao, thi thu
nhdp hd vd tdng chi tieu hp cang cao; nhtfng hd cd sd
ngtfdi phu thude cang Idn, thi ddi sdng se khd khan
hOn, kha nang ehi tieu giam va thu nhdp eung se giam
hoac cd it ngtfdi phu thu^c, thi sff thay ddi sinh ke' se theo chidu hffdng on dinh
vd td't hdn
Cdn cff vao kd't ludn vd nhffng phdt hidn cua nghien ctfu nhtf da ndu tren, nhdm tdc gia dd xua't nhiing ham J' chinh sdch, nham dn dinh smh kd cua hp sau thu hdi dd't, nhtf sau:
Thd nhdt, can cd sif ddng bp vd nhd't
qudn trong cdng tdc ehi dao thtfc hidn
chinh sdch thu hdi dd't, dam bdo sxt ddng
bd trong gidi quyd't giffa thu hdi dat vdi vide lam, didu kien sd'ng ciia ngtfdi dan
cd dd't ndng nghidp bi thu hdi Vd td chtfc thtfc hien, can huy dpng va c6 stf phd'i hop ddng bd giffa cdc cd quan chtfc nang Q-ong thu hdi dd't, giai quyd't vide lam,
dn dinh thu nhdp vd didu kidn sdng eho ngtfdi dan
Thd hai, trinh dd hpe vd'n ed vai trd
ndng cao thu nhdp hd dan Khi trinh dp hpe van eao, ngtfdi dan cd kha nang tham khao sdch bdo, hpe cdch 1dm kinh te^qua bao, ddi, dd dang tap hud'n chuydn mdn,
hd eiang nhanh chdng tie'p thu vd vgn hdn Do do, chinh quyen dja phtfdng can chu trpng ndng cao trinh dd hpc vd'n eua ngtfdi ddn
Thd ba, da dang hda vide lam eung Id
mdt cdch de cai thien thu nhdp hd Chinh quyen dia phtfdng cdn phdt trien cdc Idng nghd, cae ngdnh thii cdng nghidp de tao thdm vide lam cho hd luc nhdn rdi Mpt van de can dac bidt quan tdm Id mtie dich stf dung tidn bdi thtfdng Chinh quyen dia phtfdng thdng qua cdc hidp hdi, dodn the de td chtfc nhtfng cudc tpa dam, hoac idng ghep tuydn truyen dinh htfdng cho hp sff dung tien bdi thtfdng nen l|p^ trung vdo muc tidu sinh ldi lau dai de dn dinh cudc sd'ng.•
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Nguydn Thi Thuan An (2012) Ddnh gid dnh hudng cua viec thu lioi dd't, gidi phdng mdt bdng tdi sinh ke ciia ngudi ddn tai dudn xdy dung khu dd tht mdi qudn Hdi An tlidnh phd Hdi Phdng, Ludn
van thac sT,_Trtfdng Dai hoc Khoa hoe Ttf nhidn, Dai hoc Qud'c gia Ha Ndi
2 Nguyen Thi Khanh Hoa (2012) Sinh kd cua ngudi ddn sau tdi dinh cU trudng hap nghiin cdu:chung cU Khang Gia, qudn Gd Vdp Thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh, Ludn van thac sT, Trtfdng Dai hoc
Kinh td Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh
3 Pham Atih Linh (2015) Sinh ke cua ngudi ddn «/H thu lidi dd't, trudng hap nghien cdu: du
dn cdu vd luven trdnh Cha Ldch tren qudc Id 57, huyen Cha Ldch tinh Ben Tre, Luan van thac sT
Trtfdng Dai hpc Kinh le Thanh phd Ho Chi Minh
4, Phan Thj Nff (2012) Danh gia tdc dong cua tin dung dd'i vdi giam ngheo d ndng thdn Viet
Nam Tap chi khoa Inn Dai hoc Hue, 72B(3) pp.215-224
60