chuyen djch co cau kinh te, md ciia hdi nhap kinh te, su di chuyen, ca ddng trong lao ddng, san xuat kinh doanh, tim kiem viec Iam thu nhap, su tang cudng md rdng dau tu san xuat kinh do
Trang 1N G l / d l CAO TU6l NEO DOHV 6 VIET NAM
VA CAC VAN DE XA HOI DAT RA
Nguyen Duy Nhien *
^7^i4^ Nam dang buoc vdo giai dogn gid hda ddn so v&i tde do nhanh Do nhieu yeu to,
V cd elm quan vd khdeh quan, dgc biet Id su van dgng, bien ddi cua cdc dieu ki$n kinh te-xd hgi, tdt yeu ddn den thuc trgng, Viet Nam cd mgt sd lugng ngdy cdng gia tang ngudi cao tudi neo dan, khdng nai nuang tua V&i cdc dgc diem tdm sinh ly dgc trung, cimg vdi hodn cdnh neo don, cudc song cda nguoi cao tudi khdng nai nuong tua phdi ddi dien vd trdi qua rdt nhieu khd khdn, thdch thuc Bdi viet ndy de cap den dgc diem, thuc trgng, nhOng vdn de xd hgi dgt ra vd ludn gidi, ggi m& mgt sd de xudt dinh hu&ng trg giup cho ngudi cao tudi neo don & Viet Nam hien nay
Tix khda: Ngudi cao tuoi, ngudi cao tudi neo don, van de xa hdi, hd trp ngudi cao tudi
neo don
Con ngudi ludn rat can dupc sdng
trong gia dinii, trong bau khdng khi yeu
thuong, dum bpc, se chia, trach nhiem ciia
nhiing ngudi than yeu, rudt thit Ngudi cao
tudi Iai dac biet can dupc sdng trong tinh
gia dinh, trong tinh cam, su hieu nghTa,
quan tam, dim am, vui ve ben con chau
Tuy nhien, xa hdi Viet Nam dang cd nhieu
bien ddng, nen kinh te thi trudng dinh
hudng XHCN tung budc dinh Mnh, phat
trien, din den su di ddng xa hdi rat Idn cua
*Ph6 tnrcmg khoa CTXH, Tniong DHSP Ha Noi
ngudi lao ddng va ngay cang trd nen phd bien Trat tu, cau true gia dinh truyen thdng vdi nliieu the he chung sdng trong mdt mai nha da va dang dupc thay the bang gia dinh hien dai, gia dinh hat nhan Ben eanh dd, vi nhieu Iy do khae nliau, cd mdt ty le dang ke nhiing ngudi khdng xay dung gia dinh hoac xay dung gia dinh nhung khdng cd, khdng edn con cai Trong bdi canh Viet Nam da trai qua thdi ky dan sd vang, chuyen sang giai doan dan sd gia, bat dau trd thanh qudc gia ed tde do gia hda dan sd nhanh nhit thi
Trang 2giai, tdt ySu nay sinh thuc te khong ngCmg
gia tang ty le, s6 luong nguoi cao tu6i neo
don Tinh hinh nguoi cao tu6i neo don 6
Viet Nam dang diin ra nhu thS nao? Ngu&i
cao tu5i neo don, khfing noi nuong tua o
nuoc ta g5p phai nhihig kho khSn, tro ngji
gi trong cu6c song va can co nhirng dinh
hudng, giai phap nao de hS tro, gi4i quy6t
vjn &h kh6 khSn gSp phai ciJa hg la nhiing
cau h6i Idn dSt ra cin tilp tuc nghien cuu,
lujn giai
1 Tinh binh nguoi cao tuSi neo don
Of Vift Nam
NguM cao tu6i (ngucri gia) neo don (c6
don), khong noi nuong tga la nhiing ngu6i
til 60 tu6i tro len s6ng dgc thSn, co vg hoac
CO chdng nhung gia yeu, khong co con chau,
nguoi than thich, rupt thjt de nuong tua va
khong CO nguon thu nhap (ho5c thu nhap rat
thap) de dam bao cugc s6ng, dap iing nhu
ciu thiSt yeu Ngoai ra, nhimg nguoi cao
tuoi CO con chau, nliimg bj con ch^u doi xir
ngugc dai, bo roi, khong quan t ^ cham soc
va khong co noi nuong tua, khong co ngu6n
thu nh^p ciing dugc ggi la nguoi cao tuoi
neo don khong nai nuong tua
d bit ky dit nuoc nao, dii phat triin
hay kem phat triSn thi vin t6n t?i mgt bg
phan nhiSng nguoi cao tu6i vi nhimg hoan
canh, dieu kien khae nhau tro thanh ngu&i
gia neo don khong noi nuong tua Xu th6
dan s6 thi gioi dang trong tinh trang gia
hoa Cac du bao thong ke it nhieu nuoc,
cua Quy dan s6 Lien Hgp qu6c (UNFPA)
dua ra du kien din nam 2050 dan s6 thi
gioi se tang them khoang 2,5 ty nguoi (s6
tang ito nay tuong duong tong so dan so thi gi(M nam 1950), tir 6,7 t^ nam 2007 len 9,2 ty nam 2050 T5ng dto s6 chil ylu 6
cac nuoc dang vh kem phat trien Do ty 1$
sinh tuyet d6i giam xu6ng, nhung ty le dan s6 tang tuy?t d6i tang len, trong khi tu6i thg kfo dJi ra nen dto s6 o hiu hit cac nu6c bi gia di (s6 ngu&i gia ttr 60 tu6i tro len chiem hon mgt nua tdng s6 tang len ttr nam 2005 din nam 2050) Svr gia hoa dan s6 d6, trong dilu kien nen kinh t l biln d0ng, nhi6u gia trj van hoa truyin thing thay dii va cac ylu t l tac dgng khae (vl quan dilm sing, noi cu tni, Itoi viSc, qu6c tich ) tit ylu se din din tinh tr^ng co nhilu ngu&i cao tuli tra thanh ngu&i neo don, khong c6 con ch4u & gin gui dl dugc cham soc, nuong tua Iiic tuli gii
6 nuoc ta, theo dtoh gia cita UNFPA, dan so Viet Nam dang c6 toe dd gia hoa nhanh nhit thi gi&i Nam 2007, Vidt Nam buoc vao th&i ky dto s6 vtog (theo ty le cii
CO 2 ngu&i trong dg tuoi lao dgng moi co 1 nguoi trong dp tuoi phu thuoc), theo cac du bao thi den nam 2015 dto so nuoc ta mai buoc vao giai doan gia hoa (ngu&i tCr 60 tuoi tro ISn chiem 10% dto so) va vao khoang nam 2025 - 2030 tro thtoh nuac co dto sS gia (20% dto s6 co do tuli tir 60 tr& len, trong do co tren 7% tren 65 tuli)' Nhung tren thuc tl, do tuli thg binh quto ngay mgt ttog, trong khi ty suit sinh va ty suat tu vong giam nen tic dp gia hoa dto
sl rit nhanh Nlu nhu trong 50 nam qua
"rdc dg gia hoa ddn sd Viet Nam nhanh nhdt the
gioi", http://vietbao.vn; "Ddn so Viet Nam gid hoa vai toe do chong mdt" http://dantri.com.vii, ngiy
11/7/2011
Trang 3tudi thp binh quan cua ngudi dan Uen the
gidi tang 20 tudi (tir 48 Ien 68) tiii tudi thp
binh quan ciia ngudi Viet Nam da tang 32
tudi (tir 40 Ien 72) Nam 2010 dan sd nude
ta chinh thiic budc vao giai doan gia hda
De chuyen tir dan sd vang sang dan sd gia d
nhieu nude tren the gidi, nhat la eae nude
phat trien can trai qua mpt thdi gian dai
(Phap la 115 nam, Thuy Dien khoang 80
nam, Nhat Ban tren 30 nam), cdn Viet Nam
sg chi mit 15-20naml
Theo sd lieu cua Tdng cue Thdng ke,
tinh din ngay 01/4/2008, ca nude ed 8,05
trieu ngudi cao tudi, chilm 9,45% dan sd
Trong do: ngudi tir 60 - 69 tudi la 3,29
trieu, chilm 4,61% dan sd; ngudi tir 70 - 79
mdi la 2,9 trieu, chiem 3,41% dan sd;
ngudi tir 80 tudi trd Ien la 1,17 trieu, trong
do cd 9.830 ngudi tir 100 tudi trd len^; Ty
le dan sd tir 60 tudi trd len tang tir 9,4%
nam 2010 len 10,4% nam 2013 va vao giira
nam 2014 la 10,46%\ Mdt du bao cua Lien
Hop qudc, du doan rang, sd lupng ngudi
Viet Nam tren 65 tudi se tang tir 6,3 uieu
ngudi hien nay len 18 trieu ngudi vao nam
2040, chilm hon 18% dan sd^
Vdi thuc te dan sd gia hda, sd lupng
eao tudi chiem ty le eao trong tdng dan sd,
ciing nhimg su bien dpng ciia nen kinh tl,
" Toe do gia hoa ddn so Viet Nam nhanh nhdt the giai
http://vietbao.vn Ngay 11 /7/2011
Tim hieu phdp ludt - Ludt nguai cao tuoi Nxb Tong
hgrp TP H6 Chi Minh, 2010, tr.6
Uy ban quoc gia ve ngucri cao tuoi Vi?t Nam, Gia
hoa ddn so va nhiing thdch thuc,
http://vnca.molisa.gov.vn, ngay29/6/2016
Bo Lao dOng -Thuong binh va X3 hoi, Viet Nam dang
CO toe dQ gia hoa ddn so rdt nhanh, /jnp://mo[isa.gov.vn,
ngay 290/2016
chuyen djch co cau kinh te, md ciia hdi nhap kinh te, su di chuyen, ca ddng trong lao ddng, san xuat kinh doanh, tim kiem viec Iam thu nhap, su tang cudng md rdng dau tu san xuat kinh doanh trong va ngoai nude, ben canh do mdt phan cd nhiing su chuyen biln, thay ddi dang ke cac gia tri truyen thdng, ldi sdng, nep sdng, nhat la quan niem ve ddi sdng gia dinh (timg budc pha bd trat tu, thdi quen ve gia dinh nhieu the he sdng cung nhau trong cung mdt mai nha) dan den tinh trang se cd khdng it nhiing ngudi gia phai sdng rieng, khdng d cimg con chau va trong sd dd se cd nhimg ngudi gia roi vao tinh trang neo dem Ngoai
ra, do nhieu nguyen nhan khae nhau, do benh tat, dm dau, do khdng cd con ehau, khdng cdn ngudi rudt thit nen trong cdng ddng, xa hdi tat yeu cd mpt bd phan khdng nhd nhiing ngudi cao tudi neo dem khdng noi nuong tua cd hoan canh dae biet khd khan Sd lieu thdng ke tai thdi diem nam
2013, ca nude ed khoang 200 nghin ngudi cao tudi neo don^ Con sd nay chdc chan tang len d cae nam 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017
va cac nam tiep theo
Phan Idn ngudi eao mdi sdng d ndng thdn (chiem 72,9% tdng sd ngudi cao tudi) Nhimg ngudi eao tudi sdng d nong thdn chu yeu la nhiing ngudi lao ddng ndng nghiep, thii cdng, nghe tu do va do vay rit
ft ngudi CO luong huu hay eac trp cip xa hpi khae Chi cd mpt bd phan nhiing ngudi eao tudi d ndng thdn cd luong huu (di lam
B6 Tu phap, Nguai cao tuoi, nguai gid co dan vd vdn di tra giup phdp ly cho ddi tuang ndy a Viet Nam,
http://moj gov.vn, ngay 24/5/2013
Trang 4viSc & noi khae vl ngM hitu a nong thon
hoac tham gia cong viSc tai dia phuang roi
nghi htm tai dia phuong, khotog 9 - 30%
ngtr&i cao tuli co luong huu Theo PGS.TS
Nguyin Dmh Cijt (Nguyen Vien tru&ng
Vi$n Dto s6 v4 cdc vin dl xa hOi ) thi co
khotog 16 - 17% ngu6i cao tuoi c6 luong
huu hoac mit siic, 10% hu&ng trg cip
ngu&i CO cong vol dit nuoc Theo ket qua
khao sat cOa Uy ban QuIc gia vl ngu&i cao
toll ViSt Nam (VNCA) cho thiy, trong
ting sl ngu&i cao tuli sing o nong thon co
khotog 75% sing ciing con chau, 25%
sing rieng, trong do co 8,3% s6ng co don,
da phin la phu nu: don thto do ching mat
trudc, g6a ching, khong co con O thtoh
thi, tin tai tinh ttpig ngu&i cao tuli neo
don (sing mOt mtah hojc sing ritog v6i
con cdi) chilm ty IS cao hon nong thfin
nhung da sl co thu nhap tii cac nguin tich
luy, hoac lao dgng lam them, hoSic luong
htru, hoac trg cip, phy cip cimg voi mJt
bing an sinh xa hgi tit hon nen cugc sing
ciia nguai gia a thanh thi noi chimg, ngu&i
gia neo don noi rieng it kho khto han so
voi ngu&i cao tuoi neo don a nong thdn
Ben canh do, tai thtoh thi thuong co cac
nha duong lao hoac cac tnmg tam bao trg
xa hgi cham soc, nuoi duong nhimg ngu&i
cao tu6i CO hoto canh dac biSt Icho khan va
ca nhirng ngu&i co con chau nhung vi
nhieu ly do khae nhau, co nhu cau tu
nguyen nen din sing trong cac co so, trung
ttoi do Ngoai ra & thtoh thi t6n tai tinh
trang co nhilu nguoi cao tuli neo dem, co
hoto ctoh dac biet kho khto ttr nhilu dia
phuong khae din sinh sing bing each lang
thang kilm sing Day la mOt trong nhOng thvrc tl quan ngai vl cu3c sing cua ngu&i cao tuli neo don, khong noi nuong t\ra & nuoc ta
2 D^c aiem v4 nhu cau ngu&i cao tuoi neo don
Nguoi cao tuli neo don, khdng noi
nuong tifn 14 nh6m co hoan ctoh dac bift
trong nhimg nguoi cao tu6i La mgt bg phan trong ting lop nhiing ngu&i cao tu6i, nto trudc hit, nguoi cao tuli neo don ciing mang nhimg djc dilm chung vl ttoi sinh ly
va nhu ciu dac thu cua tuli gia Nguoi cao tuli la tii 60 tuli tro len va se trdi qua them nhilu giai do^m tuli nOa Mil ngu&i cao tuli, CO thi CO siic khoe, d&i sing vdt chit, tinh thin, nhu ciu, cac vin de gjp ph4i khong hoto toto gilng nhau, nhimg vS co bto, ngu&i cao tuli c<3 nhiing dac dilm tam sinh ly chung, phi biln, mang tinh djc tnmg dl phto biet v&i nhiing liia tuli khae, dac biet la cac van dl vl ttoi ly Cu thi la: Ngu&i cao tuoi tit ylu xuit hien cac hien tugng lao hoa; Thu&ng c6 phto iing cam xiic nhay ben, vui buon dl dtog chuyin hoa cho nhau; Da so ngu&i cao tu6i co xu huong, bieu hien tam ly, tinh cam, suy nghi, htoh dgng gin bo hon voi cugc sing ttoi linh, vol dong hg, gia dinh va con chau; Hay hoi tuong, tu xem xet, danh gid
ve qutog d&i da qua Mgt so dac diem ttoi ly dac trung ciia nguoi cao tuli 14: mac cam, CO don, bto ttoi, bi quan, phien muon,
da nghi, nong nay, hoai co, nho rit s4u dtoi
ve qua khu xa xua, nhung co khi lai quen nhung gi hien tai hoac mai diln ra Nguoi cao tuoi neo don, do hoto canh neo
Trang 5don, cae djc diem ttoi ly tiSu cue dac trung
lai cang tro nen rS net, nhu ttoi ly bi quan,
maccam,tuti
Ciing nhu mgi nhom Ilia tuli khae,
nguoi cao tuoi c6 nhihig nhu cau co bto,
thilt ylu trong cugc sing Do 14 cac nhu
cau vB doi song vat chat, d&i sing tinh
thto, dugc dam bao chS do dinh du&ng, to
uong, di lai, nha d, dugc cham soc siic
khoe, dugc ton trgng, dugc, dugc giao tilp,
quan hf cgng ding, xS hgi, dugc tim hilu
th6ng tin v4 tham gia cac hoat dgng cgng
ding Tuy nhien, do djc thii vl tuli tac voi
nhiing dac diem vl thi chit, tSm sinh ly
cho n6n o ngu&i cao tu6i co nhiing nhu ciu
d^c trung cin dugc quan ttoi va thoa mto,
nhu nhu ciu dugc cham s6c, yeu qui, kinh
trgng; nhu ciu site khoe, dugc khtoi chOa
benh khi dau 6m; nhu eto dugc ton vinh,
dugc thira nhto, dugc thiy minh con c6 ich
cho gia dinh, cgng dong, xa hdi; nhu ciu
dugc vui huong tuli gia, dugc su quan ttoi,
chia se, nuong tua vl d&i sing vjt chit, d&i
sing tinh thin, nhit 14 vol con chau, gia
dmh, dong hg, b4 con ill xom Dii voi
nhiing ngu&i cao tu6i neo don, trong hoto
canh dac biet, co nhilu thiSt th6i, cac nhu
ciu n4y etog tro nen v6 cimg cin thilt,
nhat 14 nhu ciu vl tinh cam, vl giao tilp xa
hoi, vl dinh duong v4 cham soc site khoe
3 Nhtrng van d l xa hgi gap phai ciia
nguoi cao tuoi neo don
Do tuli ngay etog cao, sire khoe ctog
ylu, cimg vai nhiing tic dflng ben ngoai,
nhit la moi truong tu nhien, moi tru&ng xi
hgi CO nhimg diln biln phiic tjp, suy thoai
sS khito cho nguoi cao tu6i gap phai nhiing tro ngai, nhiing nguy co trong cu6c sing, trong d6 dac bigt la nhfing nguy co vl benh tat, boi nhilu chiic ntog sinh ly cua ngu&i cao tuoi bi suy giam ro ret Nguoi cao tu6i phai doi di$n v&i nhieu nguy co vl sire khoe thi chit, tmh thin, trong do diln hinh
la cac nguy co: suy dmh duOng; benh vl tim mjch, huylt ap; benh vl he h6 hip; b$nh vl duong tiSu hoa; b$nh vl hS tilt nigu - sinh due; benh v6 he vto dgng - co, xuong, khop; b$nh vl he thin kinh, nhit la thin kinh trung uong; cac bfnh khae nhu ung thu, bgnh vl gan, thto, mat Cac djc dilm vl thi chit bi iSo hoa, suy giam v4 nhiing djc dilm ttoi sinh ly, tac dgng cua m6i tru&ng sing nay smh nhilu nguy CO ve benh tat gay tr& ng^ v4 kh6 khto trong cugc song ciia ngu&i cao tuli ciing nhu viec cham soc, bao dam siic khoe
cua hg Trong khi do, d&i sing vSt chit, tinh
thto ciia mgt bg phto ngu&i cao tuli, nhit la ngu&i cao tuli sing 6 vimg nong thon, vimg sto, vimg xa, vimg ding bao dto tgc thilu
sl con nhilu kho khan, thilu thin Con khong it ngu&i cao tuli thuoc dien hg ngheo, con phai o nha tam, nh4 chua dam bao ki6n co, chira dugc tiep cto hoac it dugc tilp can voi cac dich vu xa hgi, nhit 14 nhiing dich vu y te, cham soc siic khoe Nhiing dieu do ctog 14m cho d&i sing ciia ngu&i cao tuli kho khto hon, ding thoi Cling dat ra cho xS hOi cac vin dl vl hi trg, cham soc, nuoi du5ng ngu&i cao tuli Dii voi nguoi cao tuli neo don khong noi nuong tua co hoto c4nh dac biet kho
khto thi cac vin dl xi hgi gap ph4i, nhiing
Trang 6nguy CO trong cudc sdng cao hon va phiic
tap hon rdt nhilu Do phai sdng mdt minh,
khdng cd ngudi ben eanh true tiep va
thudng xuyen giup dd, da phdn ngudi cao
tudi neo don la nhiing ngudi cd hoan canh
kinh tl khd khan, cd siic khde yeu, cd
nhiing ngudi bi khuylt tat (the chit hoac tri
tue), nen trudc bit ky mdt trd ngai nao, mpt
vin de nao xay den vdi hp ciing gap rat
nhilu khd khan trong viec xir Iy, giai quyet
tinh hudng
Ngudi cao tudi neo don hau nhu phai
tu lo cho cude sdng cua minh tir viec lam
the nao de cd thu nhap, ed eai de lo cho bira
an cho den viec phai tu cham sdc site khde
Neu khdng cd nhiing trp giup cua xa hpi, tir
cpng ddng thi nguy co bi ddi, hi thieu an
ddi vdi ngudi cao tudi neo don khdng noi
nuong tira la rat cao Ben eanh cac nguy co
phd bien tren, ngudi cao tudi neo don cdn
cd thi gap phai cae nguy ca khae nhu tai
nan thucmg tich, nguy co bi lam dung, bj
ngupc dai, ky thi, phan biet ddi xu
4 Dinh hudng hd tro-, giai quyet van
de gap phai cua ngudi cao tudi neo don d
nude ta hien nay
Cham sdc ddi sdng vat ehdt, tinh thin ddi
vdi ngudi cao mdi, dac biet la nhirng ngudi
cao tudi neo don, khdng noi nuong tua d
nude ta la traeh nhiem ehung cua toan xa hpi,
cua Dang, Nha nude, cac td ehiie chinh tri,
doan the, nhung trudc hit la eua mdi gia
dinh, ngudi than, ddng hp va cdng ddng
Trong nhilu nam qua Dang va Nha
nude ta da ludn the hien su quan tam din
ngudi cao tudi ndi ehung, ngudi cao tudi
neo don khdng noi nuong tua ndi neng Dilu do dupc thi hien d viec Dang, Nha nude da cd nhiing chii truong, ehinh sach phil hop, tao co ehl nin tang cho viec xay dung, thuc hi?n cac md hinh cham sdc ngudi gia cd don khdng nai nucmg tua, xay dung nha dudng lao cham sdc nhiing ngudi
cd cdng, lap cac trung tam bao trp xa hdi de nudi dudng ngudi gia cd don, khdng noi nuong tua Ben canh do, cac doan the va td chiic xa hdi nhu Hdi Chii thap do, Hdi Phu nir, Hdi Cuu chien binh, Hdi Ngudi cao tudi, cac td chirc, doanh nghiep, ca nhan hao tam Cling td churc nhilu hoat ddng nhu xay dung trung tam cham sdc ngudi cao tudi ndi tni, nhan ehu cap kinh phi de phung dudng trpn ddi, chiia benh cho ngudi cao tudi neo don khdng noi nuong tua de giup hp sdng vui khoe, cd ich trong quang ddi edn lai Chu truong eiia Dang, chinh sach cua Nha nude va cac chuong trinh hanh ddng thilt thuc da mang lai nhimg ket qua tich cue cho viec cham sdc, hd trp ngudi eao tudi neo don, khdng nai nuong tua Tuy nhien mdi
ehi dap img dupc mdt phin nhu chu va thyc
hien hd trp can thiep, cham soc, giai quylt van de dupc mpt sd lupng it nhung ngudi cao tudi neo don, khdng noi nuang tua trong
cdng ddng, xa hpi Vi vay, chn tilp tuc ddy
manh, thue hien xa hpi hda va xay dung cac
md hinh, trung tam ho trp, cham sdc, phung dudng ngudi cao tudi Dac biet, cdn tang cudng trien khai va ndng cao hieu qua cae hoat dpng truyen thong nang cao tinh thdn, y thirc, tinh cam, trach nhiem cpng ddng Trong bdi canh hien nay, viee ap dung phuong phap tac nghiep trp giiip chuyen
Trang 7nghiep cdng tde xa hdi ddi vdi cac ddi tupng
y&i die, thi^t thdi, cd hoan canh khd khan,
trong dd cd ngudi cao tu5i neo don khdng
mn nuong tua dang tiing budc dupc duprc
t r i ^ kliai \k ch4c chin s€ mang 1^ hieu qua
thilt thuc, ben viing
Ket l a | n
6 bat 1^ thdi 6ai nao, 6kx nude nao
cung ludn tdn tm mpt bp phdn nhiing nguM
cao tudi neo dem, khdng ncfi nucmg tua
Ngudi cao tudi neo don la nhiing ngudi cd
hoan canh dac bi^t, cd rat nhieu thidt thdi,
vi vfy, cin su quan tam, cham sdc, hd trp
dac bift t& quan diem, chu truong, cliinh
sach din nhung chucmg trinh, hanh ddng cu
thi ^ i vdi ngudi cao tudi neo don Vi
nhilu ly do khae nhau, ngudi cao tudi neo
don d Viet Nam dang cd xu hudng gia
tang Vdi truyin thdng Iiieu nghia, nhdn
vSn cao dep, kinh trpng, ch5m sdc ngudi
gia, trong nhilu nam qua Dang, Nha nude,
cac c ^ , cac nganh, td chuc, doan thi, xa
hpi da danh su quan tam, cd nhiing chinh
sach, chucmg trinh hanh ddng hd tra, giiip
dd ngum cao tudi neo don khdng noi
nuong tua Cac chinh sach va chuong trinh
h^nh ddng nay da mang Iai nhiing gia tri
tich cue nhat dinh, phdn nao ddng vien,
chia se, lam voi di nhiing khd khan, trd
ngai trong cupc sdng ciia ngudi cao tudi
neo don Nhimg nhu thi la chua du Van
cdn nhiing khd khdn ma nhilu ngudi cao
tudi neo don hang ngay phai ddi dien, cdn
su hd trp toan dien va sau sdc hon niia
Ngoai viec hd trp tir sach, tir hoat ddng
thien nguyen, trong thdi gian tdi, cdn ddy
nhanh viec dp dung md hinh trp giup cdng
tac xa hdi chi^dn nghiep cho ngudi cao tudi neo don d nude ta Md hinh cdng tde x3 hdi chuydn nghiep trp giiip cho cac nhdm thiet thdi, yeu the, trong dd cd ngudi cao tudi neo don da duoc thuc hien phd bien d nhieu nude tren thi gidi va mang l?i hieu qua thilt th\rc, ben vung Ap dung cdng tac xa hpi chuyen nghifp vao trp giiip ngudi cao tu6i neo dom d nude ta chac chan
se dam I^ thdnh cdng vd gia tri tich cue Tai lifu tham khao
1 L% Bgch Duong, DSng Nguyen Anh,
Khuat Thu Hong, Le Hoai Trung, Robert Leroy
Bach (2005), Bdo trg xa hgi cho nhitng nhdm
thiet thoi & Viet Nam, Nxb Thi gidi
2 Nguyen Thanh Huong, Le Thj Hai Ha (2009), "Budc ddu danh gia tfnh gia tri va dp tin c^y ciia bp cdng cu do ludng chdt lupng
cupc song NCT d ViSt Nam", Tgp chi ¥ hoc
ihic hanh, so 9, tr.61-66
3 Phgm Khue (1982), B4nh hgc tudi gia
tap 1, Nxb y hpc, tr,64-76
4 Dd van Pha, Le Thanh Son (2004),
"Nghien cuu thuc trang va mpt sd yeu to Ii6n quan den siic khoe va dinh dudng NCT tgi mot
s6 xa phudng trong tinh Ha Tay", Tgp chi
thong tin y dugc hoc, so 10, tr.22-26
5 Pham ThSng, Do Thi Khdnh Hy
(2009), Bao cao tong quan vi chinh sach chdm
soc ngu&i gid thich img v&i thay doi ca cdu tuoi tgi Viet Nam, Tdng cue dan s6 va kl hogch
hda gia dinh
6 Tdng cue Ddn so & KHHGD (2006),
"Nghien ciiu m^t so dac tnmg cua ngudi cao tuoi Viet Nam va danh gia md hinh cham sdc
ngudi cao tuoi dang dp dung" Tap chi Ddn sd
& Phdt trien