DANG THU THUY Hoc vien Ngan h^ng Tu vimg hoat dong cua to chuc tai chinh vi mo TCVM va muc do tiep can cua to chicc doi v&i khach hang muc tieu CO moi quan he chat che, bo tra cho nh
Trang 1O U A l M T R I IMGAISI H A N G S D O A N H N G H I E P
Ti| vOUg b o ^ dong va kha iiang
tiep c4n ktiaeh hang cua cac td chute tai chinh vi mo t ^ Thanh pho Ha Ngi
ThS NGUYEN TH! HAI Y^N
Oai hgc Ngo?i thu-cng
NCS DANG THU THUY
Hoc vien Ngan h^ng
Tu vimg hoat dong cua to chuc tai chinh vi mo (TCVM)
va muc do tiep can cua to chicc doi v&i khach hang muc
tieu CO moi quan he chat che, bo tra cho nhau Tinh tie
vung cua to chuc let ca sa de to chuc TCVM co the ma
rong kha nang tiep can vai khach hang va nguac lai,
khd nang ma rong tiep can khach hdng cung giiip cdc
to chuc TCVM ddm hao duac tinh ben vitng cua minh
Bdi viet nhdm phdn tich thuc trang thuc hien mitc tieu
tu vimg hogt dong vd khd ndng tiep can khdch hdng
ciia cdc to chitc TCVM tgi thdnh pho Hd Noi
Trong bdi viet ndy khdi niem to chirc TCVM duac hieu
Id "logi hinh to chitc tin diing chu yeu thtic hien mot
so hogt dong ngdn hdng nhdm ddp ung nhu cdu ciia
cdc cd nhdn, ho gia Sinh co thu nhdp thdp vd doanh
nghiep sieu nho " (theo Lugt Cdc to chitc tin dung Viet
Nam, 2010, Diiu 4 khodn 5) Theo nghia ndy, tinh
din thdng 8/2015, tgi Thdnh phd Hd Noi co 2 tS chitc
TCVM duac Ngan hdng Nhd nuac Viet Nam (NHNN)
cdp phep, CO chimg nhgn ddng ky hogt dong theo Lugt
Doanh nghiep Do Id T6 chitc TCVM TNHH Mot thdnh
vien Tinh thuang (ten goi tdt Id TYM) vd To chuc
TCVM TNHHM7 (ten got tdt id M7-MF1)
Tir khoa: to chicc tdi chinh vi
mo, tie vimg hogt dong,
miic do tiep can khdch hdng
miAC tieu
1 TIT virng ve hoat fifing
Tu vung ve hoat
dgng (Operational Self-Sustainability, OSS) thS hien moi quan he giira thu nhap hoat dgng va tong chi phi hoat dgng (bao gom ca khau hao va du phong nii ro) cua
to chuc TCVM Neu chi so nay 1cm hon 100% co nghia la
to chuc TCVM CO the trang trai cac chi phi hoat dgng va khong phai dua vao vien trg
de hoat dgng (Churchill va Frankiewics, 2006) Tu viJng
ve hoat dgng cho thay kha nang tu trang trai cac chi phi bang tien mat de dam bao hoat dgng cua to chuc TCVM, khoan khau hao va du phong mat von Chi so tu vihig ve hoat dgng OSS duac tinh theo cong thuc:
OSS = Thu nhap hogt dong -^ Tong chi phi hogt Mng (1)
Hoac theo Microbanking Bulletin thi chi so tu virng ve hoat dgng OSS dugc tinh theo cong thirc:
OSS = Thu nhgp tdi chinh
•^ (Chi phi tdi chinh + Chi phi hogt dpng + Chi phidu phong mat von) (2)
Tu virng ve mat hoat dgng thuc su de cap d8n kha nang duy tri trong tuotig lai tinh 6n cfi un
Trang 2^ 1 ^ U A N THI N G A N H A N G S D O A N H NGHIEP
Bang 1 Ty le ty viing ho?t dong ciia cac to chli-c TCVM
TYMvaM7-MFI
DoTt vi tinh: 9
• • , «
M7-MFI chi nhanh Dong Trieu
M7-MFI chi nhanh Mai San
M7-MFI chi nhanh Uong Bi
M7-MFI Tru sa chinh
M7-MFI (toan bp)
TYM
2009
129
183
145
164
2010
146
191
140
141
2011
135
201
141
150
126
2012
135
141
140
134
121
2013 129*
135*
127*
0.81*
112**
135
2014
1 1 5 "
127
Nguon: Nguyin Kim Anh & Le Thanh Tdm (2013) doi vdi so lieu ve TYM
M7-MF1 vd cdc chi nhdnh cdc ndm 2009-2012;
(*) Nhdm tdc gid lif tinh lodn dua tren bdo cdo Thu nhdp (Ldi/Lo) nam 2013
cua M7-MFL
(**) Nhdm tdc gid lif linh todn dica Iren Bdo cdo tdi chinh kiim todn cua
M7-MFInam 2013 2014 va cua TYM ndm 2012-2014
dinh ve mat hoat dgng ciia to
chiic TCVM Doi voi cac to
chuc TCVM, mgt trong nhihig
muc tieu then chot la dat dugc
tu viing ve mat hoat dgng de
duy tri va tiep tuc phat trien
hoat dgng cua minh (Guntz,
2011,fr.28)
Bao cao thuong nien ciia
TYM va M7-MFI cho thdy
muc do tu vung ve hoat dgng
cua hai to chuc TCVM nay
ke tir khi chuyen doi tra thanh
t6 chifc TCVM chinh thuc'
(Bang 1)
Bang 1 cho thay hai to chuc
TCVM la TYM va cac chi
nhanh ciia M7-MFI deu dat
chi so tu vung ve hoat dgng
tren 100%, tham chi tren
120% (ngoai trir M7-MF1
tinh chung cho toan he thdng
la 113% nam 2013 va 116%
' TYM chuyen a6i vao nam 2010,
M7-MFI chuyen doi v^o nam 2012 theo
Giay ph6p thSnh lap va hoat dong s6
16a/GP-NHNN ciia Ngan hang Nha
nifdc ngay 13/01/2012 va chinh thi>c
hogt dong tU 19/12/2012 theo GiJiy
chi>ng nhan dang ky doanh nghiep
s6 0106051004 ngay 19/12/2012 cua
Sa K 4 hoach va Dau tu thanh pho Ha
Noi
nam 2014) Co the ly giai hien tugng nay thong qua viec phan tich chi tiet cac khoan thu, chi cua M7-MFI trong nam 2013
Nam 2013, M7-MFI bit ddu
CO hoat dgng tai tru sa chinh voi 3 nguon thu la (1) Thu lai tien gui ngan hang (3.633.511 dong), (2) thu tir tir dich vu tu vdn (15.997.686 d6ng) va (3) thu khac (11.800 ddng), tao nen t6ng thu la 19.642.997 dong Nhu vay, tru sa chinh cua M7-MFI khong co hoat dgng cho vay von va khong
CO thu lai cho vay (mgt khoan thu chii yen ciia cac to chuc TCVM) Trong khi do, nam
2013, tru sa chinh cua M7-MFl da thuc hien hai khoan chi Ion la (1) Chi quan ly hanh chinh: 2.155.315.027 ddng (89,3% tong chi), trong do chi luang la 1.282.102.878 d6ng (59,5% tdng chi quan
ly hanh chinh) va (2) Chi tai san: 258.325.654 ddng (10,7% tong chi), trong d6 phan lan la chi thue tai san (204.000.000 d6ng, tuang duang 79,0% tdng chi tai san)
va chi mua sam cdng cu, tai san (44.431.563 ddng, tuong duang 17,2% tong chi tai san) Mdt diem dang luu y la ca TYM va M7-MFI ddu cd chi
so tu vimg ve hoat ddng thap hon so voi thdi gian truac khi chuyen ddi thanh td chuc TCVM chinh thirc, dac biet
la M7-MFI chi nhanh Mai Son Trudc khi chuyen doi, M7-MFI chi nhanh Mai Son
CO ty le OSS x4p xi 200% Tuy nhien, sau khi chuyen ddi (tir 2012), tyle OSS cua Chi nhanh nay giam xudng
d mirc khoang 130% Day la mgt van de dac biet can luu
y ddi vai viec phat trien ben viing cac td chitc TCVM Khi cac td chuc chuySn ddi thanh cac td chitc dugc cap phep (co dang ky kinh doanh), ho?t dgng mgt each chuyen nghiep
va bai ban hon thi cac td chuc phai ca cau lai bd may hoat dgng, tuan thii cac quy dinh
ve hoat dgng nghiem ngat hon, keo theo cac chi phi Ion han Do vay, ty le tu vung ve hoat dgng (OSS) cd kha nang
bi giam nhieu neu cac td chuc
do khdng tidp tuc md rgng quy md de tang thu nhap va tang hieu qua hoat dgng
2 Mirc do tiep c^n khach
hang
2.LDdiv6iM7-MFI
Tinh d6n 31/12/2014, M7-MFI col 1.567 khach hang vay vdn, tang 5% so voi nam
2013 M7-MFIdu kidn tdc
do tang trudng khach hang ia 5% hang nam trong khoang thoi gian tir 2015 ddn 2018 Tdng du ng tin dung tinh den
Trang 3Q U A N TRI N G A N H A N G a D O A N H NGHIE SJlA
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Bang 3 Mirc do tigp can khach hang cua MT- MFI p^ •
So thanh vien mm vao
So thanh vien ra
So thanh vien thL^c t6
Luy l<^
dgn cu6i nam
2013
23 049
2 615 21.334
-'-•>«a|i»n2ai4 •
Luy ke d4n het thang 11/2014 2.244 2.530 21.048
Trong thang 12/
2014
237
195 21.090
Luy Ite dSn 31/12/
2014 2.481 2.725 21.090
Lu? I<e
t f j k h i thanh lap 26.430 5.340 21.090
31/12/2014 ciia M7-MFI la 112.298.925.000 ddng, tang 13,3% so vdi nam 2013 Trong giai doan 2015-2018, M7-MF1
du kien muc tang truang du
ng tin dung binh quan hang nam la 15,5% Gia tri trung binh khoan vay ciia khach hang thudc M7-MFI nam 2014 dat 9.708.560 ddng, tang 17%
so vai nam 2013, va du kien tang deu dan 10% trong giai doan 2015- 2018 Bang 2 cho thay muc do tang trudng tin dung ciia M7-MFI
Vdi tdng sd khoang 95.850
hd dan^ thudc 3 dia ban (huyen Mai Son, thanh phd Uong Bi
va thi xa Ddng Trieu), M7-MFI da dap ung dugc nhu cau vay vdn ciia khoang 11,5%
cac hg gia dinh thugc ba dia ban nai M7-MF1 co hoat dgng
Tuy nhien, s6 thanh vien thuc
te ciia M7 -MFI da giam tir 21.334 thanh vien nam 2013 xudng cdn 21.090 thanh vien nam 2014, hJc la giam 1,1%, ddng thdi thudng xuyen co su
2 Con s6 duoc woe tinh du'a tren so
tin dien ILK cua cac tinh So-n La va Quang Ninli Tlieo do, Mai So-n co 32.210 ho dan, 145.470 ngifffi (nam 2011); UOng Bi co 114.302 ngu'O'i (nam2011)vaD6ngTn§uc6 173.141 ngyo-i (nam 2013), vai quy mo hg trung binh la 4,5 ngu'O'i
Ngudn- Bdo cdo tiin do cua M7'MFI
bien ddng ve sd thanh vien rdi
to chuc va gia nhap td chiic Den cudi nam 2013, M7-MFI cd boat ddng tai 40 xa, phudng thudc 2 tinh San La
va Quang Ninh Den cudi nam
2014, sd xa phudng noi M7-MFI hoat ddng tang len thanh
42, trong do Mai San tang them 1 xa, Ddng Trieu tang them 1 xa Ty le thanh vien la phu nii cua M7-MFI dat rat cao (xap xi 97%), mac du sd lugng thanh vien nii nam 2014 giam 1,0% so vdi nam 2013 Mdt diem dang chu y niia la sd thanh vien la dan tdc thieu sd ciia M7-MFI da tang tir 3.451 thanh vien nam 2013 len 4.058 thanh vien nam 2014, tang 17,6% Dieu nay hoan toan phii hgp vdi sii menh ma M7-MFl da dat ra cho minh, song
ty ie thanh vien la ngudi dan tdc thieu sd ciia M7-MFI cdn tuang ddi thap (mdi dat 16,2% vao cudi nam 2013 va 19,2% vao cudi nam 2014) Day la mdt thach thuc to Idn ddi vdi M7-MFi trong qua trinh phat trien nham dam bao dat dugc
ca hai muc tieu tai chinh va xa hdi
Trong sd cac thanh vien ciia M7-MF1 cd tai 50,1% thanh vien cd tien giii tiet kiem tu
Trang 4^ l i j UAN TRI N G A N H A N G & D O A N H NGHIEP
Bang 4 Cff c^u t h a n h vi6n cua M 7 - M F I
Nam
86 thanh vien thu'C te
So thanh vien la dan
toe thieu so
So thanh vien la nu"
So thanh vien la nam
So thanh vien gCri ti^t
kiem tu' nguyen
S6 luong khach hang
vay v6n
2013
So lu-ffng
21.334 3.451 20.638
696 9.058 11.388
% so vol vien thu'C t^
16,2%
96,7%
3,3%
42,5%
53,4%
2014 S6 lu-gng 21.090 4.058 20.432
658 10.561 11.567
% so vo-i
so th^nh vien thyc te
19,2%
96,9%
3 , 1 %
5 0 , 1 % 54,8%
Toe do tang truang
(%)
- 1 , 1 % 17,6%
-1,0%
-5,5%
16,6%
1,6%
Ngudn-Bdo cdo tiin dp 2013 2014 cua M7-MFI
nguyen vdi tdc do gia tang
nhdm thanh vien nay la 16,6%
nam 2014 so vdi nam 2013
Sd lugng khach hang vay vdn
cua M7-MF1 chiem tren mdt
nira tong sd thanh vien thuc te
(53,4% nam 2013 va 54,8%
nam 2014) vdi tdc do tang
truong la l,6%i
2.2 Ddi v&i TYM
TYM cd sd lugng khach
hang thanh vien lien tuc tang
trudng (14,5% nam 2013 so
vdi nam 2012 va 3,1% nam
2014 so vdi nam 2013) vdi
tdng du ng thanh vien lien
tuc tang trudng d miic dg cao
(24,4% nam 2013 va 25,9%
nam 2014) Ddng thdi, quy md
vdn vay binh quan ddi vdi mdt
thanh vien vay vdn ciia TYM tang tir tren 6 trieu nam 2012
va 2013 len tren 8 trieu vao nam 2014 (dat 22,1%)
Bin cudi nam 2014, TYM
cd hoat ddng tai 10 tinh/thanh phd bao gdm Ha Ndi, Nam Dinh, Hung Yen, Hai Duang, Vinh Phiic, Phu Thg, Thai Nguyen, Bic Ninh, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, vdi tdng sd 52 huyen (tang 86% so vdi nam 2010), 431 xa (tang 92% so vdi nam 2010) va 2.858 cum (tang 70% so vdi nam 2010)
Nhu vay, TYM cd miic do
md rgng va tiep can khach hang manh me ke tir khi dugc cap phep, trong khi M7-MF1 tap trung md rgng nhdm khach
hang muc tieu phii hgp vdi sii menh ciia minh la hd trg ngudi dan tgc thieu sd va phu nii gap khd khan
Tu viing hoat ddng cua td chiic TCVM va mirc do tiep can ciia td chitc ddi vai khach hang muc tieu cd mdi quan
he chat che, bd trg cho nhau
Tu viing (tinh b6n viing) ciia
td chirc la ca sd de td chirc TCVM cd thg md rdng kha nang tiep can vdi khach hang
va ngugc lai kha nang md rdng tiSp can khach hang cung giup cac td chiic TCVM dam bao dugc tinh bdn viing ciia minh Khi td chiic TCVM thuc hien song song dugc ca hai muc tidu nay thi td chiic se phiic vu dugc toi da lugng khach hang, giam thieu chi phi hanh chmh phat sinh tren mdi khach hang Tuy nhien, thuc tiln cho thiy
de hoan thanh hai muc tieu la di^u khd khan va cac td chiic thudng phai danh ddi de thuc hien timg muc tieu trong timg thdi ky Ndu theo dudi muc tidu tigp can qua rdng, tdng chi phi hoat dgng tang, td chiic TCVM se khdng dat dugc
miic do tu viing ckn cd Ngugc lai, 6k dat dugc muc tieu tu
viing tdt, td chiic TCVM phai
Chi tieu
Du no thanh vien
Du" no kh^c
Tong d y no
Thanh vidn vay von
Quy mo von vay
binh quan
Bang Ban vi
tinh tl VNB VNB VNB ngyai VNB/
thanh Vi6n
9 M I I C do tiep can k h a c h hang cua T Y M
2012 Luong 483.698.101.000 430.641.000 484.128.742.000 79.484 6.085.478
# 1 ^ 2013 :
L u c n g 601.832.523.000 116.055.000 601.948.578.000 91.004 6.613.254
Tang truong
24,4%
- 7 3 , 1 % 24,3%
14,5%
8,7%
2014 ;
L y a n g 757.565.224.000 20.390.000 757.585.614.000
93 812 8.075.355
Tang truong 25,9% -82,4% 25,9%
3 , 1 % 22,1%
Ngudn: Tdc gid tdng ft^rp vd tinii todn dua vdo Bdo cdo tdt citinit 2013, 2014 vd bdo cdo thudng nien ctia TYM
Trang 5Q U A N TRI N G A N H A N G S D O A N H NGHIE ilih
thuc hien chgn Igc ddi tuong
khach hang, vi vay muc tieu
tiep can ciing se bi han chd
Chinh vi vay, dd tidp hic theo
dudi muc tieu phat tridn bdn
viing, ca TYM va M7-MFI ndi
rieng, cac td chirc TCVM cua
Viet Nam ndi chung rat can
su quan tam, ho trg ciia Nha
nudc, kha nang hoach dinh va
thuc hien chien luge phat trien
cua mdi td chicc trong timg
giai doan phu hgp vdi nang
luc va dieu kien hoat dpng cu
the ciia td chiic •
TAI L I E U THAIVI K H A O
/ CGAE 2004, Key Principles of
Microfinance, Consultative Group lo
SUIVIIVIARY
Operational self-sustainability and outreach o f microfinance institutions in Hanoi city
Operational self-sustainability and outreach of microfinance institutions are closely related In the -way that they supplement each other Operational self-sustainability facilitates the institution's outreach and in its turn outreach contributes to assure the institution's sustainability This paper analyzes the operational self-sustainability and outreach of microfinance institutions in Hanoi city
In this paper microfinance institutions is defined as "credit institutions that provide some banking services lo meet demand oflo-w-income individuals, households and micro-enterprises " (according to Vietnam's Law on Credit Institutions, 2010, Article 4, Clause 5) Up to August 2015, in Hanoi city there are two microfinance institutions which are licensed by the State Bank of Vietnam and registered with Hanoi Department of Planning and Investment according lo Vietnam's Company Law, namely M7 Microfinance Institution, Ltd (abbreviated
as M7-MF1) and Jinh Thuong One-Member Microfinance Institution Ltd (abbreviated as TYM)
Assist the Poor (CGAP)
2 Chmh phu mrac CHXHCN Viet Nam 2007 Nghi dinh sS 165/2007/
ND-CP sira doi bo sung, bai bd mdt
sd diiu Nghi dmh sd
28/2005/ND-CP ngdy 09/03/2005 cua Chinh phu
ve to chuc vd hogt dpng cua td chuc tai chinh quy md nhd lgi Viet Nam
3 Chinh phii nuac CHXHCN Viet Nam, 2015 Nghi dinh sS 55/2015/
ND-CP ve chinh sdch tin dung phuc
vy phdt trien nong nghiep, nong thon
4 Churchill C, Frankiewicz C,
2006, Making microfinance work:
managing for improved perform-ance, Geneva, International Labor Organization
5 Gibbons D S & Meehan J
W., 1999, The Microcredit Summit s
Challenge Working Toward Insti-tutional Financial Self-Sufficiency While Maintaining a Commitment
lo Serving Ihe Poorest Families, Vol
1, No 1 (1999) Journal of Microfin-ance
6 Guntz Sarah 2011, Sustainabil-ity and profitabilSustainabil-ity of microfinance institutions Center for Applied Inter-national Finance and Development (CAIFD), Research Paper 4/2011 ISSN 2191-4850
7 Johnson S 2009, Microfinance
is Dead Long live Microfinance, Critical Reflections on Two Decades
of Microfinance Policy and Prac-tice, Enterprise Development and Microfinance, 20(4)
xem tiep trang 69
THONG TIN TAC GlA
Nguyen T h i H a i Y e n , T h a c sy
Dan vi cong tdc: Dai hgc Ngoai thucmg
LTnh vifc nghien ciru chinh- Tai chinh vi m o , Chuoi gia tri
Tgp chi lieu bieu da co bdi viet dang Idi: T a p chi Kinh t6 Doi ngoai (Dai hgc Ngoai thirang) Tap chi C o n g
nghiep
Email: haiyen.nguyenthi@gmail.com
D a n g T h u T h u y , Nghien ciru sinh
Dcm vi cdng lac: H g c vi^n N g a n h^ng
LTnh vuc nghien cuu chinh: Tai chinh, Tai chinh vi m o , Kinh te quoc te
Tgp chi lieu bieu da co bdi viet ddng lai: T a p chi N g a n hang T a p chi Khoa hoc va D a o tao NgSn hang T a p
chi K h o a hgc xa hgi Viet N a m , T a p chi Nghien ciiu Trung Qudc
Email- t h u y 0 1 8 3 @ g m a i l c o m
Trang 6iP-6 Nguyen Ngpc Quang (2011), Ki todn qudn Iri
doanh nghiep, NXB DH KTQD, Hd Npi
7 Adler R , Everett, A.M., & Waldron M (2000),
Advanced management accounting techniques in
manufacturing- Utilisation, benefits and barriers to
implementation
8 Blocher E.J Chen K.H and Lin, TH W (2002),
Cost management: a strategic emphasis, McGraw-Hill,
Companies, Inc, New York
9 Burch J G (1994), Cost and management
accounting, a modern approach West Publishing
Company, USA
10 Drury, C, Braund, S., Osborne, P & Tayles, M
(1993) A survey of management accounting practices in
UK manufacturing companies Chartered Association of
Certified Accountants
11 Isa & Thye (2006), "Advanced management
accounting techniques: An exploratory study on
Malaysian manufacturing Firms ", Proceeding of the
International Business and Information 2006, Singapore
13-14 July
12 Manalo MV(2001), "Activity based costing (ABC)
vs traditional cost accounting system among Top 500
corporations in the Philippines ", Journal of Management
Studies, 22, pp.429-465
tiep theo trang 6 1
<f Le Thi Lan 2009, Xdy dung ngdnh TCVM Viet Nam
phdt trien Iheo hu&ng ben vimg de thi/c hien muc tieu
xoa doi gidm ngheo, Trung Idm ho Ira phdt trien nguon
lifc tdi chinh cong dong, Hd Noi
9 LedgerwoodJ (ed.), 2013, The New Microfinance
Handbook: A Financial Market System Perspective,
World Bank, Washington
10 LedgerwoodJ., 1999, Microfinance Handbook: An
Institutional and Financial Perspective, World Bank,
Washington D.C
H M7-MF1 (Td chitc tdi chinh vi mo TNHH Mot thdnh
vien M7) Bdo cdo ki todn long hgp 2011-2013, Bdo cdo
kiim lodn 2013, 2014
12 Microbanking Bulletin, 2008a, Issue No 16 Spring,
Issue No 17 Autumn, Washington DC, Microfinance
Information Exchange, Inc (MIX)
13 Nguyen Kim Anh & Le Thanh Tdm, 2013, Mirc do
bin vinig cua cdc Id chuc tdi chinh vi mo Viet Nam: Thuc
trang vd mot so khuyen nghi, Sdch tham khdo, Nhd xudt
bdn Giao thong Vdn tdi
14 Nguyen Kim Anh, Ngo Vdn Thii; Le Thanh Tdm, Nguyen Thi Tuyet Mai, 2011, Tdi chinh vi mo v&i gidm ngheo tgi Viet Nam: Kiem djnh vd so sanh, NXB Thong
ke
15 Nhom Cdng tdc tdi chinh vi mo Viet Nam, 2013, Quy dinh chinh sdch cho hogt dpng tdi chinh vi mo tgi Viit Nam Bdo cdo sd 19 Ihdng 11/2013
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