Phan Chfnh Thurc Chuyen gia ddo tgo nghe Tom tat Trao quyen tL/chCi, tif chiu trach nhiem cho cac CO sdgiao due nghe nghiep GDNN la noi dung quan trpng trong viec doi moi c a c h e qu
Trang 1Khuyen nghi mo hinh tu chA trong cac co sd
GIAO DUC NGHE NGHIEP
TS Phan Chfnh Thurc
Chuyen gia ddo tgo nghe
Tom tat
Trao quyen tL/chCi, tif chiu trach nhiem cho cac CO sdgiao due nghe nghiep (GDNN) la noi dung quan trpng trong viec doi moi c a c h e quan ly Nha nUoc hien nay ve day nghe Bai viet neu len cac can ciJde xay dyng mo hinh t u chu trong cac c o s d GDNN tC/do d e x u a t Mo hinh t o n g the c o s d G D N N ttf chu tiep can dam bao chat lupng
TCtkhoa: Mo hinh tUchCi, qudn ly nhd nUdc, cosd GDNN
Abstract
The empow/erment of autonomy and self-responsibility for VET institutions is an important remark
in the reform process of state management mechanism in VET sector Thus, this article is going to give the foundations for building an autonomous model in VET institutions thereby suggesting a qualified general autonomous model of VET institutions
Keywords: Model, autonomy, self-responsibility VET institutions
Tu chu va t y chiu trach nhiem la xu the tat yeu,
khach quan trong qua trinh phat trie'n kinh te - xa hoi,
trong cac hoat dpng giao due dao tao va giao due nghe
nghiep Tu chu v a t y chiu trach nhiem la npi dung quan
trpng va la bien phap huu hieu nhat de doi mdi va phat
trien GDNN
Viee trao quyen t u chu cho cac co sd GDNN la mot
van de mdi, mang y nghia nhan van sau s3c, giup cho
cac CO sd GDNN y thye dypc trach nhiem, nghia vu cua
minh doi vdi xa hpi, dong thdi tao dieu kien cho cae cac
CO sd GDNN tich cUc, chu dpng, sang tao trong thUc
hien sy mang, nhiem vu cua minh
I C a n ciJ(xay d u n g m o hinh
l.l.ChutrUUng
- Ve muc tieu ddo tgo gido due nghe nghiep (GDNN):
"Muc tieu chung cua giao due nghe nghiep la nham dao
tao nhan lyc tryc tiep eho san xuat, kinh doanh va dich
vu, cd nang lyc hanh nghe t u o n g dng vdi trinh dp dao
tao; CO dao ddc, syc khde; ed trach nhiem nghe nghiep;
cd kha nang sang tao, thich dng vdi moi t r y d n g lam viee
trong boi canh hoi nhap qudc te; bao dam nang cao
nang suat, chat lupng lao d p n g ; tao dieu kien eho ngudi
hpc sau khi hoan thanh khda hpc cd kha nang tim viec
lam, t u tao viec lam hoac hpc len trinh dp cao h p n " ' "
-Ve dam bao chdt luang
T h a t trien nhanh ngudn nhan lyc, nhat la ngudn
nhan lyc chat lUong cao'i^Ma mpt trong 3 dot pha chien
lupe phat trien kmh te - xa hdi giai doan 2011 - 2020;
Nghi quyet 29/NQ-TW xac djnh:"Chuyen phat trien giao due va dao tao t y ehu yeu theo so lypng sang ehu trpng chat luong va hieu qua, ddng thdi dap dng yeu cau so
|yang"i'L Nhu vay hoat ddng cua he thdng GDNN; t y chu, t u chju trach nhiem cua cac co sd GDNN can dUa tren tiep can theo hudng dam bao chat lupng
- Ve tuchij tuchiu trdch nhiem
Van kien dai hdi Bang lan t h d 12 djnh hudng:"Giao quyen t y ehu eho cac cP sd giao due, dao tao, nhat la cae trydng dai hpc, trudng day nghe Thi diem chuyen ddi
md hinh trudng eong lap sang co sd giao dye do cpng dong, doanh nghiep quan lyva dau t y phattrien"'"'
Hop 1: Dieu 25 cua Luat GDNN quy dinh Quyen tu chii cua CO scrGDNN nhusau;
I C0 SCJ giao due nghe nghiep tU chu trong cac hoat dong thuoc cac tinh vuc to chifc va nhan str, tai chinh va tai san dao tao
va cong nghe, hop tac quoc te, bao dam chiat luang dao tao theo quy dinh cija phap luat; co trach nhiem giai trinh truoc coquan nha nudc CO thiam quyen, nguoi hoc va xa hoi ve to chifc, quan lyhoat dpng va chat lupng dao tao cua minh
2 Co sd giao duc nghe nghiep cong lap tU bao dam toan bp kinh phi hoat dong chl thudng xuyen va chi dau tuduac thuc hien
3 Co sd giao duc nghe nghiep khong dii nang luc tt; chju trach nhiem hoac vi pham phap luat trong qua trinh thiic hien quyen ta chii thi tuy mifc do ma bi han che quyen tU chii va xif ly theo quy dinh ciia phap luat
Nhu vay viec chuyen sang co ehe t y chu ia tat yeu
va cap thiet trong hoat dpng eua cac e o s d GDNN Tuy
[6] KHOA HOC D A Y NGHE S6 36 thang 9/2016
Trang 2GDNN t y chu, t y ehju trach nhiem va phai dypc t h i diem
de t d n g byde hoan thien trudc khi phat trien nhan nang
trong he t h d n g GDNN
Co sd GDNN t h y c hien t y ehu mpt each hieu qua
phu thuipc vao nhdng bang chdng dupe xac minh ve
viee thuc hien cac cam ket eua hp trUde cdng chung
Cam ket d d la chat lupng dao tao phai dupe kiem soat
theo tieu chuan dau ra; tieu chuan dau ra duoc thiet lap
t d nhu eau xa hpi, nhu cau cua ngudi sd dung lao dpng
Tieu chi xac djnh c p s d GDNN t y chij la: "Coi syehap
nhan cua thj trudng lao ddng doi vdi ngudi hpc la tieu
chi quan trpng de danh gia uy tin, chat lupng cua co
sd giao due dai hpe, nghe nghiep va la can cd de djnh
hudng phat trien cae cp sd giao due, dao tao va nganh
nghe dao tao"'"'
GDNN dang ganh chju dU luan kha nang ne bdi
chat lupng dao tao chua dap dng dupe yeu cau eua thj
trudng lao dpng Trong boi eanh hpi nhap qudc te, cai
each GDNN la cap thiet va sdng cdn de nang cao chat
luong ngudn nhan lyc ddng gdp cho phat trie'n kinh te
- xa hpi Cai each he thong quan ly GDNN ma eu the
la van de quyen t y chu, t y chju trach nhiem eua CO sd
GDNN dang dupc cho la giai phap mau chdt de nang
eao chat lupng
1.2 Yeu cdu chu yeu cua cdsd dgy nghe GDNN ti/chCi
- C o s d GDNN t y chu dam bao mdc dp ddc lap tupng
doi vdi quy djnh cua co quan quan ly nha nUdc, cd moi
trudng thuan ipi huy ddng va sd dung tdi da, hieu qua
cac ngudn luc de phat trien
- Co sd GDNN t y chu phai dam bao nang cao chat
luong, eung cap san pham dao tao cd tinh canh tranh
eao, t d do lam tang tinh t y ehju trach nhiem xa hdi
- Co sd GDNN t u chu phai dam bao khac phue
nhdng bat cap hien nay ma dac biet la mat can ddi ve
cung - cau trong dao tao
1.3 Nguyen tdc tUchu, tuchiu trach nhiem cua cg
sdGDNN
Theo Nghj djnh sd 43/2006/NB-CP khi thye hien
t y ehu, t y chju trach nhiem co sd GDNN phai thyc hien
mdt sd nguyen tae eo ban sau: (xem Hinh 3.1)
Nguyen tac tuchu, tuchiu trach nhiem cua cosd GDNN
va tai chinh ciia C0 sd GDNN
2 Thac hien cdng khai diin chii theo quy dinh cua phap luat va quy dinh ciia cosd GDNN
3 Thuc hien t u chu phai gan voi t u chiu trach phap luat, dong thdi chiu su kiem tra giam sat cua
CO quan co thsm quyen va cua td chde, thanh vien
trong cosd GDNN
4 Bao dam ioi ich ciia Nha nadc quyen, nghia vu dinh cua phap luat va quy dinh ciia co sd GDNN
Hinh 3.1: Nguyen tdc thi/c hien quyen ta chu - tuchiu trach nhiem cija cosd GDNN
2 De xuat Mo hinh tong the ccr sd GDNN tif chu
tiep can dam bao chat li/dng
Thyc tien cho thay khdng the ngay mpt lue giao quyen t y ehu, t y ehiu trac nhiem hoan toan va cho tat
ca cac CO sd GDNN Mat khae, khi dupc giao quyen t y chu, chua chac mpt so eo s^ GDNN da cd the du nang lyc nhan; hoac sau khi nhan cd the lam dung quyen t y chu dd de tuy tien m d rdng quy md dao tao ma khdng can quan tam den chat lupng, bdi nhu eau hpe tap nghe nghiep eua ngudi-lao dpng rat ldn San pham cua GDNN la eon ngUdi Neu san pha'm trong san xuat edng nghiep cd khuyet tat cd the loai bd, nhdng ngddi hpe neu phai tiep nhan mdt chuong trinh dao tao khdng chat lUPng chang nhdng khdng bd di dupe ma tham chi cdn cd nhung tac hai den nang xuat lao ddng, den sdc canh tranh cua san pham hang hda trong san xuat
va chat lupng dich v u ' " Bdi vay, giao quyen t y ehd cho cac CO sd GDNN trong bdi canh hien nay can phai nhan manh den t y chju trach nhiem ve dam bao ve chat lupng trude edng ddng va xa hpi Md h'mh t y chu phai gan vdi t y chju trach nhiem theo hudng dam bao chat lupng; sd dung kiem djnh chat lupng dao tao n h u la cdng cu quan ly cua nha nudc de kie'm soat chat lUflng
va la can cd de giao quyen t y ehu eho eac co sd GDNN Thdng qua bao dam chat lupng, tinh tU chju trach nhiem hay trach nhiem xa hdi eua cac c o s d GDNN cung duoc nang cao
Giao quyen t y chu, t y chju trach nhiem tiep can dam bao chat lupng la mpt hudng di kha thi Tuy nhien can phai thye hien nhdng nghien edu sau, toan dien hon de hinh thanh he thdng cp ehe phu hpp, dieu kien thich dng de ap dung cho eo sd GDNN Cd n h u vay, quyen t y c h u mdi gan ket vdi viee nang eao tinh t y ehiu trach nhiem xa hdi
So 36 thang 9/2016 K H O A HOC D A Y NGHE [7]
Trang 3Tren cP sd mdi quan he bien chdng gida t d chu-ty
chju trach nhiem va quan he gida t d chu - quan ly nha
nudc - dam bao chat lupng, xin de xuat m d hinh tong
the co sd GDNN t y chu, t d chju trach nhiem (Xem hinh
3.2)
Hinh 3 2: Mo hinh tong the ca sa GDNN ta chii theo haang
dam bao chdt laong
- Md hinh tdng the md phdng qua trinh phat trien
moi quan he hai cue t y ehii - t u chju trach nhiem cua
eo sd GDNN dda tren CO sd dam bao chat ldpng va
sy tham gia quan ly cua nha nudc Giao quyen t d chu
phai can cd mdc dp dap dng cac yeu eau cua dam bao
chat lypng, cd n h u v a y t y c h u , t y chju trach nhiem mdi
khdng bj Ipi dung dan den cung cap san pham dao tao
kem chat lupng cho thj trudng lao ddng
-Toan b p q u a trinh dao tao t d cac thanh td dau vao
den chuan dau ra phai dupe do iddng, kiem soat bang
bp tieu chuan kiem djnh chat lUOng Bieu dd se lam
tang tinh t y chiu trach nhiem xa hpi cda cP sd GDNN
Khi ket thdc mpt chu ky cua m d hinh, tinh t d chu - tU
chju trach nhiem se chuyen sang mpt nac thang phat
tnen mdi - the hien chat lypng va trinh dp phat trien
cao hon trong t y chu cua co sd GDNN Mat khac, khi
mye do giao quyen tUchu can ed theo tieu ehuan kiem
djnh chat Idpng, se tao nen mdi trudng canh tranh lanh
manh gida cae co sd GDNN Dong thdi se giup djnh
hudng quy hoaeh, lya chpn cP sd GDNN de dao tao
nghe eho ngudi lao ddng, ngudi hoe, eung n h u djnh
hydng lya chpn san pham qua dao tao cho ngydi sd
dung lao ddng
De md hinh Tdng the cd tinh kha thi, can phai cd sd
nd lye ea t y phia co quan quan ly Nha nude va eac eO
sdGDNN
Thd nhdt, ve phia Nha nude, phai xay d y n g co
ehi= phu hop de eai each he thong GDNN theo hudng
chuyen t d quan ly hanh ehinh nha nude sang quan ly
chat lupng tong the Viee thuc hien quyen tU chu, t y
nudc doi vdi sy nghiep vdi c o c h e quan ly nha nddc ddi vdi cd quan hanh chinh nha n d d c " " ' Co che dp phai tao
d y n g ddpc t i n h t y chu cao cho cac co sd GDNN trong viec huy dpng va sd dung tdi da d y p c eac ngudn lyc
xa hdi cho phat trien Cd che quan ly ciia trong t y chii,
t d chju trach nhiem se tranh ddpc xu hudng tha long
hoan toan, nha nddc phii nam ddoc chat lupng dap tao
de bao ve quyen Ipi cho ngddi hpc, Ipi ieh cua ngudi
sd d u n g lao dpng va de dieu tiet vi m d cO cau va quy
m d dao tao nguon nhan lyc dap dng nhu cau eiia thi trudng lao d d n g D o n g thdi bupc cae co sd GDNN co trach nhiem giai trinh, hoat dpng minh bach va canh tranh lanh manh Phai tao khudn khd phap ly cho viec xay d y n g va chap nhan sy tdn tai cua he thdng eae td chde kiem djnh chat lypng doe lap Can khuyen khich
va tao mdi trudng de cac t d ehdc kiem dinh qudc te tham gia hoat dpng kiem djnh chat Idpng Cd nhy vay viec kiem djnh chat luong mdi dam bao danh gia mpt each khach quan cac hoat ddng cua cac eo sd GDNN theo nhdng tieu chi nhat djnh va tao tien de vung chac cho GDNN hdi nhap quoc te Ket qua kiem dinh phai se
la can cd khaeh quan va chinh xae de cdng nhan "dang cap" eua e o s d GDNN
Ben eanh do, can ph^i tao d y n g he thdng do ludng
sd thda nhan xa hdi (social regconition), dd ehinh la qua trinh de nhdng thanh phan xa hdi lien quan trye tiep
va gian tiep den cac hoat ddng cua cP sd GDNN eung tham gia kiem soat chat lupng Kinh nghiem qudc te cho thay, viec do ludng "dang cap" cua mpt cosd GDNN
t h d n g qua eac bang hdi, phieu dieu tra khao sat ve uy tin, t h u o n g hieu dupc t h y c hien tren pham vi rpng Day chinh la p h u o n g phap xep hang ma cac nddc da tien hanh Cach thdc do Iddng sy thda nhan xa hpi cung se lam tang them tinh trach nhiem xa hpi ciia eae co sd GDNN
ThUhai, ve phia eae CP sd GDNN phai cd mipt cO ehe
quan trj phu hpp Co ehe quan trj phai thuc day sy canh tranh lanh manh b i n g sy cam ket ve dam bao chat lupng eung n h u thdc day t u duy phan bien, tinh than ddi mdi va sang tao trong hoat dpng dao tao ciia eO sd GDNN Cung can hieu rang khdng cd mpt md hinh t y ehu, t y chju trach nhiem nao cd the ed hieu qua doi vdi tat ca cac eo sd GDNN Td ehu - t d ehju trach nhiem la dieu kien tien quyet va dam bao thanh cdng eho nhdng cai each GDNN hien nay, Ben canh dd, can cd tham gia ddng bp eua nhieu nhan t d khac thi mdi thdc sU tao nen thanh edng Tu chu va t d ehju trach nhiem duoc xem la mau chot eua doi mdi Tuy nhien, trong dieu kien hien nay, viec trao quyen t y chu cho cac co sd GDIMN cQng can can nhac ky Iddng, nhdng co sd GDNN nao
[8] K H O A H O C D A Y N G H E S6 36 thang 9/2016
Trang 4diem doi mdi eo che hoat dpng nen Ida chpn n h d cP
sd GDNN edng lap cd quy m d dao tao Idn, cd dpi ngu
giang vien chuyen nghiep va cd co sd vat chat du manh,
cd t h u p n g hieu ddi vdi thj trddng lao dipng D d la dieu
kien de t h i diem thanh cdng
Ddi mdi GDNN d nudc ta trong boi canh toan eau
hda dang ddng trudc nhieu eo hpi Idn, nhyng edng day
thach thdc gay gat Viec lya chpn cae giai phap kha thi,
mang tinh ddt pha la dieu sdng cdn eua GDNN khi ma
sdc canh tranh trong thj trudng ngay cang khde liet
Giao quyen t u ehii cho cac cP sd GDNN de tang eUdng
sde manh canh tranh la mpt xu the tat yeu Tuy nhien
de giai bai toan t y chu - t y chju trach nhiem cua cac co
sd GDNN mdt each triet de thi can phai ed mpt Id trinh
va phai ed sy no lye t d ca phia cac co quan quan ly Nha
ilude va ban than cae co sd GDNN
Trong md hinh Tong the, tU ehu va t y ehiu trach la
hai mat thdng nhat trong mpi hoat dpng cua mpt CO
sd GDNN; t y chu chu yeu de dam bao hieu qua va hieu
suat cao, cdn trach nhiem chu yeu la de dam bao chat
lupng va cdng bang xa hpi trong GDNN Ty ehu va tU
chju trach nhiem chinh la ddn bay nang cao hieu qua,
chat lupng dao tao va nang lye sang tao cua eac co sd
GDNN Viec quy dinh ve quyen tU chu, tU chju trach
nhiem trong GDNN da thue sy"edi trdi" cho cae e o s d
GDNN va eai thien sy can thiep qua sau cda cac CO quan
quan ly trong hoat dpng dao tao'^'
Mdi quan he ve sy tuong tac giua dam bao chat
lupng va cac hoat dpng t y chu tai co sd GDNNN md ta
tai Hinh 3.3
1 H6 36 ng truong/ 1
• *
-1 „o l a Oiiyflaolao j
To thuc vs Tai chinh va
khoa hoc
I DAM BAO CHAT n/ONG I
H'mh 3.3: Moi quan he giaa dam bdo chdt lapng va cdc hoat
dgng tachu trong ca sdGDNN
GDNN t y chu, t d ehju trach nhiem Tren co sd md hinh Tdng the cd the van d u n g lya chpn thuc hien cae md hinh Tuy bien theo tdng ITnh vuc hoae theo cac mde dp khac nhau p h u hpp vdi nang luc va dieu kien cu the ciia tdng co sd GDNN.Thde hien trao quyen t y chu - t d chju trach nhiem eho co sd GDNN nhung phai chu y den nhdng dae diem cua t d n g loai hinh trudng, tdng dja phuong, tUng llnh vyc nganh nghe de trie'n khai, tranh ndng vdi, trien khai qua nhanh, qua rpng trong giai doan hien nay de tranh nhdng van de cd the anh hddng den uy tin cua CO sd GDNN va lam mat niem tin cuaxa h p i n
Tdi lieu tham khdo
1.Luatsd:74/2014/QH13
2 Chien lupc phat tritj'n kinh te - xa hdi 2011 -2020
3 Nghj quyet so 29-NQ/TW ngay 4/11/2013 Hdi nghj Trung Upng 8 khda XI ve doi mdi can ban, toan dien giao due va dao tao dap dng yeu cau cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda trong dieu kien kinh te thj trydng djnh hudng xa hpi chu nghia va hpi nhap qude te
4 Van kien Dai hpi lan t h d 12
5 Nghj quyet so 29-NQ/TW ngay 4/11/2013 Hdi nghj Trung uong 8 khda XI ve doi mdi can ban, toan dien giao dye va dao tao dap dng yeu cau cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda trong dieu kien kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hpi chu nghTa va hpi nhap qudc te
6 Ky yeu Hpi thao khoa hpc: Van de t y chu-ty chju trach nhiem d cac trudng dai hpc, eao d i n g Viet Nam"
7 Nghj djnh sd 43/2006/ND-CP ngay 24/4/2006 cua Chinh phu Quy djnh quyen tU chu, tU ehiu trach nhiem ve thyc hien nhiem vu, to chyc bid may, bien ehe
va tai ehinh ddi vdi don vi sy nghiep edng lap
8 Vu Xuan Hung, "Doi mdi nang eao tinh t y chu t y chiu trach nhiem cua co sd giao due nghe nghiep" Tap chi Nghe nghiep&cupc song, sd 7-2016
N g a y n h a n b a i : 0 5 / 9 / 2 0 1 6 Ngay p h a n b i e n : 2 0 / 9 / 2 0 1 6 N g a y d a n g : T h a n g 9 / 2 0 1 f
So 36 thang 9/2016 KHOA HOC D A Y NGHE [9]