T H V C TEIANG S A P XEP CUOC SONG CUA NGtrdl CAO TU6l HIEN NAY NOUYfiN THI NGQC HA' Tdm lit: Tgi Viit Nam, cimg vdi sic phdt triin kinh ti xd hgi, gia dinh ngdy cdng co xu hudng hgl n
Trang 1T H V C TEIANG S A P XEP CUOC SONG CUA
NGtrdl CAO TU6l HIEN NAY
NOUYfiN THI NGQC HA'
Tdm lit: Tgi Viit Nam, cimg vdi sic phdt triin kinh ti xd hgi, gia dinh ngdy cdng co
xu hudng hgl nhdn hda vd thu nho lgi Khdng chi a thdnh thi md cd ndng thdn, md hinh gia dinh nhiiu thi he ciing chung sdng dang ddn gidm di, thay vdo do, nhiing gia dinh khuyit thiiu, gia dinh chi co hai va chdng gid hay ngudi cao tudi sdng dan thdn dang din tdng len Bat trong bdi cdnh gid hda ddn sd hiin nay, viic ngudi cao tudi sdng citng ai, sdp xip cugc sdng nhu thi ndo khi vi gid coy nghTa rdt quan trgng, tdc ddng tr^c tiip din chdt lugng sdng cua nhom ndy Bdi viit md td thuc trgng sdp xep cude sdng dta ngudl cao tudi hien nay qua mdt sd phuang thitc chung sdng trong vd ngodi gia dinh nhdm budc ddu lugn gidi, ddnh gid nhiing thudn lai, kho khdn, khde biit trong cdc md hinh ndy
Tit khda; ngudi cao tufii, sdp xf p cufc sfing, gid hda ddn sfi
Trong may thdp ky qua, dan sd Vift Nam ttdi qua thdi ky qua dp vdi nhimg bien d6i manh mS T^ sudt sinh va ty suat chft deu gidm, tudi thp trung binh tdng, d i n dfn nhihig
thay ddi rd rft vi co cdu dan sd Nhi^u nghien ciiu cho thdy qua trinh gid hda ddn sd d
Vift Nam dang dien ra vdi tfic do ngdy cdng tang (Giang Thdnh Long, 2010; UNFPA, 2011) Difu nay phdn anh chat luong sdng da dugc cdi tiiifn ddng kf, song mdt khac cdng ddt ra khdng it nhfing thdch thdc teong cdng tdc chdm sdc ngudi cao tudi (ngudi td du 60 tufii trd len) Ben c?nh dd, qua trinh todn edu hda vd hfii nhdp kinh tfi da va dang keo theo nhttng thay doi ttong cdu hrdc, ifii sdng vd cdc dinh hudng gia tri ttong khufin mau gia
dmh, dnh hucmg din nhifu khia eanh ddi s6ng cda ngudi cao tu& (NCT), ttong dd phdi kh
den su thay dfii mfi hinh tfi chiic sdp xip cufc sdng
Trong bai viet nay, cdch sdp xip cugc sdng cua NCT duoc hifu la vifc NCT chiuig sfing cung ai Difu ndy cd ^ nghia quan ttpng, khfing chi bdi su ddm bdo cupc sfing in
dinh ve vdt chdt yd tinh flik cho NCT khi hft taoi lao dfng, ma cdn phdn anh ch^t lupng
an sinh xd hfi dfii vdi nhdm nay Cdch sdp xfp cupc song cho NCT khfing chi xuat phdt
tu mong mufin chu quan cua NCT md cdn chiu su tdc dfng vd chi ph6i cda nhifu yfu t6 khdch quan nhu: su bidn ddi quy mfi dan sfi, cdu teuc gia dinh, cdc difu kifn kmh tf, vdn
Trang 2fada, xa hpi, cdc chinfa sdch phiic Ipi, d^c diim tdm 1^, tinh cdm, vdn hda, loi song (Markides, 2007: 236)
Theo mfi hinh truyfin thing, fadu hit >ICT sdng chung vdi con chdu tiong gia dinh
da thi hf Tuy nhien hifn nay, do xd hdi phdt triin ciing qud trinh di cu vd dfi thj hda, gia finh Viet Nam dang cd xu hudng hgt nhdn hda vd thu hep quy mo T^ If NCT tiong dan
sl ngay cdng tdng Ifin md gia dinh hat nhan dang din phfi bifin vdi nhiing tiiay dfii vl lli sing va dinh hudng gid tri NhGng biin dii dd chdc chdn anh hudng khfing it din cufic sfing NCT Vi vdy, bdi vilt phdn tich nhfing tiiay dfii vd khde bift tiong mfi hinh sdp xip cupc song ciia NCT d Viet Nam hifin nay vd td dd ggi md mpt sl khia cgnh an sinh xa hdi lien quan
1 Mfi hinh ngvoi cao tuii sing chung vdi con c ^
Tuc ngii Vift Nam cd cdu "Trfi cgy eha, gid c$y con" vd <Elu do giai tfaicfa tai sao cfaa m? gia sdng chung vdi con edi Id Itinh thiic phi biin ttr xua din nay Trong quan nifm cda da sl ngudi cao tuii, vifc sfing vdi con Id duong nhien vd hp khfing cd lya chpn nao kfade (Biii Thfi Cudng, 2005: 63-64) Dilu nay till hifin ro hon doi vdi NCT d nfing tiidn va^pnfaiing NCT cd muc sdng thdp Ngudi d nfadm tufii cdng cao cd ty If sing vdi con
cfadu edng nhieu Dudi tdc dfing cda qud tiinfa dfi tfai fada, hifin dai fada, t^ If NCT song
chung-vdi con cdi cd xu hudng gidm di, nfaimg theo kit qua Dilu tia quic gia vl ngudi cao tiifii ndm 2011, mfi fahafa ndy faien v i i ehilm ty If cao nhdt vdi 69,5% (VNAS, 2011) Kfai song ciing con, phdn Idn NCT sdng vdi gia dinh ngudi con trai, cd thi la eon trai trudng faay con tiai thu ho^c tit, nhung t^ If sing vdi con dd kit hfin cao hon hdn ^ If song vdi con chua kit fadn Tuy nhien tgi khu vuc dd thi, ty If NCT sing vdi con gdi ^ ket hdn cao han gdn 3 Idn so vdi d ndng thdn (Bang 1)
B§ng 1: sdp xep cufc sdng cQa ngujri cao tuoi theo tinh tr^ng hdn nhan ciia con
Dan Vf: %
S3p xip cu$c s6ng
Song vdi con dgc than
Song vdi con da kit h6n
S6ng vdi con trai d3 kit hdn
S6ng vdi con gdi dS kit hdn
S6ng vdi c b ^ chat
Khu ThSnhth]
47,2 46,3 30,4 22,0 47,1
vvc Ndng thdn 37,8 36,2 30,1 7,7 39,0
B ^ 28,9 39,9 34,1 7,7 43,0
Vdng miln Trung 49,0 32,6 24,8 10,3 32,8
Nam 45,5 42,4 29,9 16,6 44,6
JVgaon: VNAS, 2011
Cd s\r khac nhau tiong tj' If NCT sdng eung con theo ba mifn Bdc, Trung vd Nam
Nfu nhu ty' If sdng vdi con gdi dd kit hfin cda NCT d miln Bdc thap hon so vdi NCT d
mien Trung va miln Nam thi nguoc lai ty If sdng vdi con teai da kit hfin cda NCT d mien Bdc lai cao hon hai vung cdn lai
Ndt dac tnmg teong vdn hfia truyin thdng cda ngudi Vift Id con cdi ddng vai ted cUnh ttong vifc chdm sdc bfi m? gid Theo kit qud Dilu tra gia dmh Vift Nam ndm 2006,
Trang 3cd, khodng 40% NCT coi ngufin sing chinh id dua vdo con cdi (Dilu tta gia dinh Vift Nam, 2008) Ngodi ra, khi NCT sfing cdng con ehdu, cdc thdnh vien trong gia dinh cd thi hfi ttp tten nhiiu phuong difn tinh thdn, viit chit, dl phdtigtai nan vd kham chiia bfnh khi day 6m dua teen sir tdn ttpng va hiiu bill vf ddc diem tam ly, siic khde, tam Iy xd hpi cua NCT Nhu vdy, sfing cung con la mft gidi phdp an.sinh doi vdfi NCT khi budc vao giai dogn tuoi cao, siic yfu Tuy cp rit nhieu ly do de ngudi cao tufii mong mufin dupe sfing cyng con khi ve gid, song vifc sfing chung ttong mpt gia dinh cd tir 3 the hf ciing van ldm phat sinh nhieu vdn dixd dnh hudng din NCT nhu; sir bat dfing quan diem, vdnidl khdng hda hpp ttong quan hf me chfing - ndng ddu, nhttng khac bift ttong suy nghi tinh edm giiia cdc the he; nhttng xung dft ttong each gido due eon tte v.v Ciing theo kit qua Dilu tra gia dinh Vift Nam nam 2006, ed khoang 1/10 hp gia dinh cd 3 till hf chung song thda nhan ed s\r khong thdng nhdt vfi cac van de Ifii sfing sinh ho^l (Difu tra gia dinh Vift Nam, 2008) Day eung cd the coi Id mft han chi h'ong mfi hinh NCT s6ng chung vdi con
2 Mf hmh vo chlug nguxd cao tuii sing rieng
Theo rnft nghien aim vl NCT vung Dong bdng sfing Hfing, ty If cac cdp vp chdng
cap tufii quyft dinh ra d rifng ehilm tten 50% tfing sfi nguoi tham gia cude nghifn clhi vd khdng cd s\t chenh lech nhiiu giiia cdc khu vuc ttong cd nude (Bui Thi Cudng, 2005) L^
do chu yeu dupe NCT dua ra cho vife sfing rieng Id dl cha me vd con cdi dupe tir do thoai mai, va do hai bfin doe Idp vl kinh tl khi eon dd trudng thdnh Hinh thiic slng,,rieng tiiudng dupe dp dung dfii vdi nhOng NCT cd kinh tl vd tiiu nhap fin dinh, con khde vd nunh mdn, cd thf tu cham lo cupc sdng ma khfing cdn nhd din con chdu Hon nOa mft sl NCT edn thdy rdng vifc lua chpn mfi hmh nay khifn hp dupe tir do vd de ddng tham gia vdo ode host dfing xa hfi nhu: du lich, gidi tti, smh ho^it cau Ijc bfi v.v Nhu cdu sfing rieng cung mpt phan xuit phat ttt mong mufin ttdnh dupe nhttng mau thuan cd till xdy ra gitta bfi me vdi con chdu nhdm gm gitt tinh cam gia dmh
Tai dfi thi, ddc biet Id cac dfi tiii idn hifn nay xudt hifn tinh te^g NCT tay sfing cdng nha vol cdc eon nhung lai hoan toan rieng bift ttong smh hoat hang ngdy Sg dfc lap
vf kinh te tao dilu kifn eho NCT chu dfng vdi mpt each sfing phu hop nhit, ttong diiu kifn con cia hp chua co dilu kifn tdch rieng NhOng gia (Hnh cd dilu kifn hon cd till song rieng nhung Uln kl vdi eon, hodc tiieo mo hinh sfing chung teong mfit khu chung cu trfin dja ban tiianh phd Nhung NCT cd luong huu hdu hit cd kha ndng lo ehuyfn dn ufing, sinh ho?t ttong gia dinh md khdng cdn sir hfi trp tu nhung ngudi eOn Xu hudng an rieng cua NCT toy chua thuc su phd biin, song da phdn nao cho tiidy nhiing.biln dfii hhih tiianh ttong sdp xep ddi sfing gia dmh t£ii cdc dfi thi
NSu nhu NCT d tiianh phfi nghif ng vl Iy do Id sir ttr do fliodi mdi cda hai ben, till NCT
d nfing flifin I?i nhdn manh hon din svt dpc lap vl kmh tl, vd dl con ht lo cufic sfing khdng f
Ip vao cha me Cd nhung teudng hpp cap vp chfing NCT chi sing vdi cpn tepng nhttng ndm ddu khi ngudl eon mdi lap ra dinh, sau dd hp tach rieng vd chia cho con mot phto tdi san Hp muon con cat tu IJp, tu lo cho cufc sfing vd khfing y lai bfi m? Vf co bdn, mfi hmh tach hd sau khi ket hfin van phfi bien d nfing tiifin Ding bdng Bdc bp Day la kilu md hmh ttuyin
Trang 4Nhin chung, hinh thdc vg chong NCT sing rifng khi con cdi da tnrdng thdnh dang khd phi biin d ca dfi thj vd nfing tiifin Su dpc I|ip vl kmh tf vd khfing mu6n lam phiin din eon chdu la tam I^ chung cda nhitng NCT lua chpn hinh thiic ndy Hp vin tim dupe nhiing nilm viu rifng khi sum hpp dai gia dinh vdo nhfhig ngay culi tudn hay cde d)p II Vdi mo hinh nay, NCT sg cd duoc mpt cufc song tu do, thodi mai, dcm gidn, trdnh mdu thuin, xung dft giita cae thi hf
3 Mo hinfa ngurdi cao tuoi song cd don ho^c song vdi chdu
Cimg vdi qud trinh hat nhdn hda cua gia dinh Vift Nam, nhifu hp khfing cd NCT trong khi mft bf phan NCT khde dang phdi sing cfi don Mfi hinh nay teong nhiiu trudng hpp khfing xuat phdt td nhu edu ma bdi NCT khdng cd s\r l\ra chpn khd di hon Nghien ciiu cda Giang Thanh Long (2010) cho tiiay ty If hp gia dmh chi cd NCT, dde bift Id NCT sfing cfi don dang ddn tang len Nghifn ciiu cda Bdi Thi Cudng (2005) cho thay cd nude
ed 6,9% NCT lira chpn song dfc thdn Trong dd, hai khu vuc Ding bdng sfing Hong va Ding bdng sfing Cuu Long dlu cho thay ty If NCT sfing dfc thdn d khu vvre nfing thfin
11 cao hon so vdi khu vuc thdnh thi (7,9% vd 0,7%) Theo Biiu tea quic gia vl ngudi cao
I jltoli Vift Nam ndm 2011, ty if NCT sdng cfi don tdng ttt 3,47% (ndm 1993) len 6,8% (nam 2010) D|e bift, tJ If NCT chi song vdi chdu cung tdng cao tit 0,68% Ifn 2,68% (VNAS, 2011)
NCT ed don Id mft teong nhfing nhdm dii tupng gdp rit nhiiu khd khdn do cufc sdng, thilu thfin cd vl vat ehit Ian tinh thin NCT cfi don thu nh$p trung bmh mSi thdng khodng 100.000 ding, ttong dd, 25,8% tu ngudi flidn vd cfing ding giup dd, 23,6% tu hoat dfng kmh tl vd 41,1% td tep cip xa hfii (Hodng Mfic Lan, 2013) Vdi nguon thu han chi vd miic thu nhfp it di nhu v^y, NCT cd don chi tifu rit eo hfp, chu yiu cho nhOng nhu eau thiit yiu, cufic sfing cila hp da phdn rit khd khdn Nhfing t l chiic thudng xuyfn gidp do NCT cd don thudng id chinh quyin, cac dodn thi d co sd, bd con hang xdm vd cdc t l chttc xa hpi Nhung sir gidp dd ndy cd y nghia rit quan ttpng dii vdi nhdm NCT cfi don bdi vi da sl trong so hp khfing tu Ip lifu dupe cufc sing va khdng ed ngudi cham sdc khi Im dau
Khfing ehi tJ- If NCT cfi don, ty If hp khuyit thi he cung tdng Ifn rS ret ma nguyen nhdn mfit phin xuat phdt ttt s\r di cu eda nhfing ngudi teong dfi tuii lao dfng Qua trinh cdng nghifp hda, dfi thj hda diln ra manh mf d cac thdnh phi Idn dS thu hdt khfing it Iao dfng nhdp cu ttt cdc khu vvrc nfing thfin Ngdy edng ed nhiiu ngudi trf tuii rdi thdn quf
dl di tim cfing vifc dupe ted lucmg ttSn thdnh phfi NCT d lai quf trong nhiing hf gia dhih khuyit thfi hf vd hp rit dl tin thuong do thilu s\r chdm sde, hi ttp thudng xuyfn cda con cdi Hon ntta, khdng it NCT, nhit Id phu ntt cao tali, cdn phdi chdm sdc cde chdu nhd khi eha m? chdng ra thdnh flii ttoi vifc lam Mpt sl NCT phdi sing rifng do tinh ttpng nhd d ehdt chpi, kinh tf cda con chdu khd khdn, hodc con cdi khfing mufin sing cing, nhung dd khdng phdi Id ede nguyfn nhdn phi biin
S\i fliif u h\it quan tdm chdm sdc cd vl vdt chit Ian tinh tiiin khiin NCT sing cfi don (hodc NCT sing vdi chdu) ttd flidnh nhdm dfii tirpng yiu thi eda xd hpi, rit cin su hi ttp
Trang 5dau Thdm chi, ngay cd khi sfing cdng vdi con chdu, mpt sl NCT van chiu cdnh cfi don khi it dupe quan tam chdm sdc, thdm ehi bi de dpa, danh ddp Cd den 30% NCT dupe hdi cho biit khi buin khfing biit chia se vdi ai, 11% bj ndi ndng ldi, 4% bi tii chii ndi ehuyfn
vd 1,6% bi ddnh ddp, de dpa Vd cdng eao tuii till t^ If ngudd gid cfi don, bj ndi ndng ldi, ddnh dfp cdng tdng Ifn (VNAS, 2011) Tuy nhien, khdng it NGT tiiufc nhdm ndy chua dupe hi ttp day dd, cupc song gap nhiiu khd khdn, ttong khi ede mfi hinh chdm sde va nufii dudng NCT ngodi gia dmh vdn cdn kha han chf
4 Mo hinh ngvdi cao tuii sing trong cdc trung tdm chdm soc
Trude day khi ndi din nhttng ttung tdm chdm sdc NCT, mpi ngudi tiiudng nghi ddy
Id noi chi ddnh cho nhflng NCT cfi don, khfing cdn con chdu dl nuong tvta Thirc tl hifn nay, do qua trinh cdng nghifp hda vd hifn dai hda, nhieu ngudi ttong dp tuii Iao dfng khfing cd du thdi gian ddnh cho vifc eham sdc fing bd, eha mp Trong hodn cdnh dd, vifc NCT sing ttong cdc trung tdm chdm sdc ttd thdnh gidi phdp doi vdi mpt so gia dinh Mf hinh NCT sing teong cdc trung tam cham sde Id hinh thdc tuong dii phi biin d cdc nude phdt ttiln nhung edn khd mdi me d Vift Nam NCT d thdnh pho va d khu dfi thj thudng
de thich nghi vdi cufic song teong trung tdm du&ng ldo hon NCT d nfing thdn Nhhi chung, nhdm NCT lira chpn hinh thuc sing ttong cdc trung tdm dudng lao khi tali cao sue yiu chd yiu vin la: nhihig ngudi cd con vd chdu qua bgn cdng vife khfing thi chdm sde dupe; nhttng ngudi muon sfing tu Idp h o ^ muln khdng djnh kha ndng tir Idp, khong dira vdo con cdi; nhitng ngudd hodn eanh eo le, khi con chdu khfing edn la chS dua; nhihig ngudi khfing cd ngudi thdn chdm sdc, neo dcm Vl co ban, phuang dn NCT sing ttong cdc titmg tdm chdm sdc thudng dupe lua chpn sau khi da edn nhdc, thih todn teen co sd nhttng thudn ipi vd khd khdn cua mfii gia dinh Phin dong NCT dlu eho rdng ttung tdm chdm sdc ngudd gia ed y nghia rit quan ttpng dii vol cde eu (94,6%), vi cd thi ddp flag cdc nhu eiu co bdn va gidp ede cu gidi quyit khd khdn ttong nhfing tinh hulng cy thi eda bdn tiidn (Do Duy Hung, 2011)
Mfi hinh cde trung tdm chdm sdc cfing ngdy cang da Sang hon, cd thi Id cda Nhd nude hodc cia tu nhdn Mft nghien edu dje diim tdm ly cia ngudi eao tali sing t?i mft sfi tiimg tdm dudng lao vd bdo tep xd hpi tefn cd nude cho tiiiy, da sl NCT hdi ldng vdi cupc sing d tinng tdm bdi hp dupe quan tdm, chdm sdc, dn d, dupe thodt khdi nhttng lo toan gia dinh Chi cd khodng 1/3 sl NCT khfing hdi Idng ldm hodc hai long d mic binh tiiudng vdi cufc sing t£d tiimg tam eham sdc ngudd cao tali (Dinh Hing Tuin, 2016) Da
sfi NCT vdo sing it trung tam duong lao dl tim dupe mpt noi ed cufc sing In djnh, co ngudi lo toan ve vdn dl dn d, dupe chdm sdc y tl Dilu nay cung Id mpt ttong nhflng Ij
do gidi thich cho viec vi sao hp gdn bd vdi cufc sfing d tiung tam NCT nhm chung ddnh gid rit tich ciic vl su chdm sdc cda tiimg tdm, vl khd nang ddp dng nhflng nhu cdu co bdn cia NCT tten nhiiu phuong difn nhu: dn, d, sdc khde till chit, sdc khde tinh tiiin v.v
Tuy nhifn, mpt tiiuc tf la chit lupng djch vy eua nhiiu trung tam duSng ldo hifn nay chua dap ung dupe nhu eiu vd mcng muln eua NCT Cde ttung tam hifn nay ho?! dfng cdn rat khd khdn do khfing hoje it dupe Nhd nude hS ttg, uu tien, nguin kinh phi
Trang 6Nfain chung, difn tieh sinfa faoat cda cac trung tam van cfadt h?p, it cd ch5 vui chca ngodi ttdi va ea sd ha tdng cdn thilu tfafin nhiiu Mft sfi trung tdm dat tifiu chudn thi mdc chi pfai dich vu cdn rdt cao so vdi thu nhdp cda dgi da sfi NCT nude ta, cd nai phi an dudng tai tiimg tam td 8-10 trifu ding/thdng vd vdi nhihig yfiu ciu khd d^c thii khiin NCT rit kfad tiip cfn
Khong thi phd nhgn ring vdi nhiiu NCT, vifc vdo sing trong cdc trung tdm du&ng lao khong phdi la mot l\ra chpn ly tudng ma chi do hodn cdnh bdt bufc Qua kfado sdt trung tam nufii duang tgi mdt sfi thanh phfi, sfi luong NCT den xin duoc vdo cac trung tdm ngdy mft tdng, m|c dii trong sd hp nhieu ngudi cd gia ^nh, cd luong huu nhung dd
bi ngudi than, con chau ngupe ddi, quyin va lai ich cua hp bi xam hai nfin hp muon thodt khdi s\r be tic bdng cdch tim d ^ cdc trung tdm nufii duOng dl mong dupe s^ ^dp dd tii chinh cpng dong, xd hpi Th\rc tl ndy cho thdy cdc trung tam dudng ldo can dupe quan tdm ndng eao chdt lupng dl ddp dng nhu ciu vl vdt chit vd tinh than cua NCT Bfin cgnh
do, cac gia dinfa va eong dong can quan tdm, cfadm sdc vd cfaii y tdi nhu cau, nguyfn vong NCT nhiiu faon niia, dgc bift khi xem xet dua NCT vdo sing tgi cac trung tdm dudng ldo Kltlu^n
Ciing vdi su bifin doi gia finh va xa hpi td truy&i thong sang hifn dgi, mfi hinh sdp xep cupc song cda NCT d Viet Nam ctmg trd nen da dgng hon Cac phan tfch d trfin da dl cgp den nhung uu nfauoc diem cda bon mfi fainh ca bdn tiong sdp xep cupc sdng cua NCT Men nay d Vift Nam NCT sing chung vdi con duac xem Id md hinfa mang tinh truyin thfing song van klia pfau hpp va phd bien nhdt d Vift Nam hifn nay Md hinh ndy tfal hifn vai tid ciia cM me, con cdi vd tinh gdn kit ^ a £iih tiong qua trinh ^ chdc, s ^ xip cupc sfing NCT, ddc bift Id d nfing thfin vd d nfadm cd mdc sing tfalp Khi quyit dinh sing chung vdi con, nhifiu NCT vin chpn sing vdi gia (Enh con trai Vifc NCT sfing cung con cai tgo thufn loi cho faai bfin cd tfal fal tra lan nhau vl kinfa tfi, tinfa thdn, tuih cam tiong cugc sfing hang ngdy Tuy nhien, md hinh nay cd xu hudng gidm ddn trong xd hfi hifn dgi
NCT sing chung vdi con cai chifim ty If eao, nhung vin cd nfaOng "y kiln iing hd
md hinh cdp va chfing NCT chung sing khfing cdng con cdi vdi \f do la dl hd thi hfi dupe tu do thodi mdi vd dpc Igp vl kinh \k Nhiing NCT Iva chpn mo lunh ndy da phdn cd
dieu kien kinh tl on dinh, sue khde cdn tuang ddi tdt, cd the tu lo lifu chdm sdc ban thdn
vd cho nfaau ma kfafing cdn phy thupc vao cac con Cd nhieu yeu tl chi phii khiin NCT thdy d rieng thi tu do thodi mdi faon cho ca hai ben, song tini ehung lgi van Id do nhiing khde bift the hf tiong cdch sinh hogt, quan nifm sdng vd thdi dp cda cdc tfadnfa vifin gia dfaih Mfi Mnfa cd 16 nhiiu NCT ua thich nfadt Id sing rifing nhung gan vdi gia (finfa con cdi Khi dd, NCT ciing nhu con cdi dlu cd difiu kifn sinh boat theo sd thich cd nhan, song vlin gia dupe net truyen thing "tid cdy cha, gia cay con" cda ngudi Vift Nam Tuy nfaien vific th\rc hifn, duy tri vd phi bien mfi fainfa nay khfing dfi dang bdi phu thufic nfailu vdo dieu kifn kinh te, nha cda, vd tinh tigng sdc khoe, faon nfaan eua NCT
Mfi huih NCT sing cfi dcm,,sing vdi chdu, h o ^ song tiong cdc trgi dudng ldo tuy
Trang 7cfing nghifp hda, hifn dpi hda vd gia hda ddn sl Vife NCT sdp xip cufc sfing flieo hudng ndy tiiudng gdn vdi tinh tr?ng cfi don khfing cd con hay ngudi flidn tiiieh hodc con cdi qud bdn, flidm chi dang lam vife xa nhd Trong gia (flnh "khuyit thi hf", NCT khfing dugc nghi ngoi dudng sttc md phdi eham sdc cdc ehdu thay oho cha mp chung Mac du ehua ed nghifn cttu danh gia cy flil, nhung tdc dpng cia md hinh sdp xip cufc sing nhu vay din sttc khde vd an suih cda NCT cd le khfing phdi Id nhd Trong khi dd, mfi hmh NCT sing tirong cdc ttai duSng Iao fliudng cung ddt ra cdc khia eanh ddng quan tdm nhu^ chit lupng vd chi phi chdm sdc, ddd sfing tinh thin cia NCT, sir kit nfii gitta NCT vd con cdi, gia dinh
Hien ttang cdc mfi hinh sdp xip cufc sfing eua NCT eho tiiiy, bfn canh gia dmh vd cpng dfing, vife xay dung vd phat triin cdc thiit chf xa hpi hifn dai phu hpp Id rdt cin fliilt dl cd thi cham sdc va bdo dam an smh xa hpi cho NCT trong bfii eanh gia hda ddn
sl Vift Nam
Tdi lifu tham khao
Bl Quynh Nga 2005 Chien lu9C sdng ciia ngufri cao tudi trudc nhOng bien doi cda gia dinh ndng thdn hi^n
nay Tap chi XS hfi hoc, lo 1:65-71
Biii Thi Cu£nig 2005 Trong miin an sinh xd hfi nghiin ctiu vf lufi gid Vift Nam Nxb Dai hgc Qudc gia
H4Ndi
D5 Duy Hung 2011 M$t sd suy nght cda ngudi giik khi v^o sing trong cdc trung tSm nudi duOng trdn dja
ban m Npi hifn nay Tgp chi Tdm If hgc, s6 12: 58-68
Dinh HCing Tuin 2016 TSm ti?ng cda nguiri cao hidi sing trong cSc tnmg tSm dudng 13o Tf^ chi Tdm /ji hoc sl 5: 22-30
B5 van hoa The thao v4 Du Ijch, Tdng cvic Thing ke, UNICEF, Vien Gia dinh vd Qidi 2008 Kit qui Biiu
tra gia dinh Vift Nam nim 2006 Hi Ndi
Giang Thanh Long 2010 Ca cdu din s6 ving d Vift Nam: Ca hfi, Ihich thitc vi cic khuyen nghi chinh
sach Nxb Giao thdng v ^ tdi, Hd Npi
Hotog M ^ Lan 2013 Ddi sing tinh thin cda nguiri cao tuii d Vi?t Nam M$n nay HOi thdo "Vin hda trong loan cau hoa: Thich thic vdphdt Irifn " Tnrimg D^i hpc Khoa hpc XS hfi vk NhSn van Ha N|i Markides, Kyriakos (ed) 2007 Encyclopedia offieailh and Aging, Sage Publications
Nguyen Thi Hu| 2010 7?i{rc fr(i«g ^(W sdng cua ngwn cao/Mo'i/i^ 50 fr£? ?ert Nxb van hda Thdng tin Ha Ndi:
UNFPA 2011 Gii hoa ddn so vd ngudi cao tu6i a Vifl Nam: Thuc trgng, dif bio vi mft sf khttyin nghf
chinh sich Ha Npi
VHLSS 2012 Ket qui khio sit Mice sing din cu Vift Nam nim 2012 Nxb Thing kd Hi NOi
VNAS 2011 Biiu tra vi ngudi cao tuii Vift Nam nSm 2011: Cdc kit qua okiyeu Nxb Phy ntt Hi NOi