An ^nh, gidu ban sic vdn hda din tfe; mfii trudng smh thdi duijrc bdo vf; an nmh h^t tu ixsfc gift vttng; ddi s6ng v|t chit vi tinh than cua ngudi dan ngay cdng dupe ndng cao; flieo din
Trang 1PHAN HOI CUA NGirdl DAN DOI VCJI CHUONG TRINH MUC TIEU QUOC GIA VE XAY DUNG NONG THON M(3L GIAI DOI^N 2010-2020;
MOT S 6 PHAT HIEN BU(3C DAU
LUtMQ NQpC THOY"
T6m tab Bdi viit phdn dnh mgt sd net vi qud trinh xdy dung ndng thon mdi 6 hai
xa thugc huyfn Ldm Thao, tinh Pha Thg, mpt huySn mien ndi dugrc Chinh phii cdng nhgn
Id huyen dgt chudn Nong thon m&i nam 2015 Trong khi nghiin cim vifc hodn thdnh cd
19 tieu chi: vi Ndng thon mdi ciia 2 xd ndi trin, tdc gid di sdu nghien ciu trudng hgp 2 tieu chi: ca sa vgt chat vdn hoa (6) vd tiiu chiy ti (15) Trin ca sa do, tdc gid dd khdi qudt vd neu lin nhirng nguyen nhdn ca bdn ddn den thdnh cong trong viic xdy dipig ca sa vdt chit cua nhd vdn hda vd trgm y ti ndi rieng vd cda ni cdng trinh Ndng thon mdi cia dia phuang noi chung Tdc gid dd tiin hdnh nghiin ct^ th^cc trgng hogt dong cua hai tieu chi ndy vd chi ra nhung bdt cap cua chdng, dang thdi di xudt mgt vdi gidi phdp budc ddu nhdm gop phan vdo viic su dung m0t cdch co hieu quel cdc ca sd vgt chdt cua chuang trinh nong thon mdi vd bdo ddm tinh ben vOng cita no d dia phuang
Tie khda: ndng thdn mdi, tieu chi ca sd v^t ch4t van hda, tif u chi y te
1 Dan nhap
Xay dyng nfing thdn mdi 14 mft chuong trinh tnpng tam cia Nghi quyit s6 26-NQ/TW,
Nghi quySt toto difn nhit vi phdt trien ndng nghiep, ndng dfin, ndng thdn tCr trudc tdi nay Myc tifu chung cda Chuong hmh xay d\mg Ndng thdn mdi la cd kh ciu ha tang kmh \k - xa
hfi timg budc hifn dai; co d u kinh tl va cac hinh thdc to chiic san xuat hpp ly, gto ndng nghifp vdi phdt hiin nhanh cdng nghifp, djch v\i; gjn phdt triin nfing thdn vdi dd thj theo quy hoach; xS hdi ndng thdn ddn chu An ^nh, gidu ban sic vdn hda din tfe; mfii trudng smh
thdi duijrc bdo vf; an nmh h^t tu ixsfc gift vttng; ddi s6ng v|t chit vi tinh than cua ngudi dan
ngay cdng dupe ndng cao; flieo dinh hudng xa hfi chd nghia Cdc ngufin Ivrc huy dfng de ttivc hifn Chuong hinh: 1) Ngdn sdch (bao gfim ngdn sdch trung uong va ngdn sdch dja phuong); 2) Von tin dmg (bao g6m thi dyng dlu hi phat ttiln va tin dyng fliuong m?i); 3) Vdn tir cdo doanh nghifp vd cdc tl chile kmh tl khde; 4) Huy dfng ddng gdp cia cfng dong dan cu (Quyit dinh sfi 800/(^-TTg ngay 04/6/2010 cda Thii hidng Chmh phu)
Theo bdo cdo cda Bf Ndng nghifp v4 Phat ttien nfing flifin, tfah din 15-9/2016, cd nude da cd 2.045 xa (23% sd xa cua cd nude) dupe cfing nhdn dat chuin ndng flidn mdi,
Trang 2tdng 515 xd so vdi culi ndm 2015 Cdn 300 xa dat dudi 5 tieu chi (3,36%) Sl tieu chi dat chuin bmh qudn ciia cd nude la 13,1 tifiu chi/xd D\r kiln, hit ndm 2016, sS cd khoang 25% so xa dat chuin (Ban Chi dao Trung uong Cdc chuong tiinh M\ic tifiu qufic gia giai doan 2016-2020,2016)
Vdy cdu hdi ddt ra la dfii vdi cac xd dd hodn tfadnfa cfauong trinh Nfing thon mdi thi sij ddng gdp cua ngudi dan ve sue ngudi, siic cua dl hoan thdnh cde tieu chi xdy dung NTM; vific sd d\uig cdc cfing trinh phyc vu s\r phdt triin kinfa tl vdn fada xd hpi cda NTM;
va vi|c duy tri s\r bin vihig cua cdc ho?t dpng nay nhu tfal ndo?
Trong kfauon khi bai vilt ndy, tdc gid trd ldi 3 cau hdi tien eho 2 tifiu chi ca sd v^t chat van hda (6) vd tifiu chi y tfi (15) dua tifin cac cupc phdng vdn sau hp ddn tai 2 xa thupc fauyfn Lam Thao, tinh Phii Thg Tdc gia cfapn hai tifiu clii ndy la vi tieu chi van hda vua Id muc tifiu, viia la dpng Ivrc ciia s\r nghidp phdt triin nfing thfin moi Cdn tieu chi y tl
sS phuc vu sdc khde cda nhdn dan, gdp phin ndng cao nguon nhan hfc is nfing thfin Vi$c
duy tri hog* dpng thudng xuyfin vd cd hi§u qud ciia 2 tifiu chi nay tac dong din c ^ tieu chi khde cda cfauong trinh
2 v l tifiu chi Cff sd vflt chat van hfia
Theo B0 tifiu cfai quoc gia ve xdy dung Nfing tfafin mdi, tifiu cfai sl 6 vl co sd v|it chdt vdn fada cd 2 n^i dung: thu nhit: cd nhd van hda vd kfau tfal tfaao xa dat cfauin cda B$ Vdn fada The thao va Du lich; thii hai: t^ 1$ thfin/^ co nhd vdn hda - khu the thao d^t chudn cua Bp Vdn hoa, Thi tiiao vd Du lich dat 100%
De thi^c hien 2 npi dung ndy, Bfi Vdn fada, Thi thao vd Du lich da ban hanfa 2 Thong tu hudng dan th\rc hifin Dfii vdi trung Tdm van hoa - thi thao xa thi theo Thong tu sfi 12/2010/TT-BVHTTDL ngdy 22 tiiang 12 nam 2010 quy dinh cdc tieu ehi dl xdy d\mg trung tam van hfia xa vdi 9 tieu chi cdn phai d^t Dii vdi nha vdn hda - khu tfafi tfaao tiion/lp flieo Tfafing tii sl 06/2011/TT-BVHTTDL ngdy 08 tiiang 3 ndm 2011 hudng dan vdi 6 tifiu chi pfadi dat Tifiu chi vl co sd v^t chat van hda Id mpt trong cdc tifiu chi ldm ndng cao mdc thu hudng van hfia, phuc v^i ddi sing tinh tiidn cho ngudl ddn nfing tiifia
2.1 Bong gop cda ngudi ddn trong vi$c jcqv d^g ca sd vgt chat vdn hoa
Xac dinh co sd vdt chdt van hda Id mpt tiong nhiing yeu to quan tipng vdi muc dich
dl nhan dan ed dja diim thudng xuyfin din smh ho^t, trao doi tfadng tin, rfin luyen tfadn thi, gdp phdn nang eao hieu qud trong lao dpng san xudt, pfadt trien kinh te, cdc xd i^;hifin cuu
dd huy dfing mpi i^yln l\rc de xdy dyng nhd vdn hfia Vdi phuong didm '*Nha nufic vd nhan dan ciing lam", cdc xd dd day manfa cong tdc tuyfin truyen de nhdn ddn nhiin tiidc ddy dii hon vl vai trd, y nghia ciia co sd v^t chdt vdn hda, dl tir dd tham gia ddng gdp xdy d\mg Cdc nhd vdn hoa cua 2 xd nghien cdu dfiu dd dupe xay dvmg kien cl tixing khufin vifin nfad vdn hda cii vdi vi tri trung tdm, rdt thuan Ipi dl ngudi ddn din hpp ciing nhu vui choi va t l chiic cdc hoat dpng cpng ^ i ^ Nha vdn hda dlu cd di?n tich sit dyng phii fapp voi
sl ddn cua khu (thfin), cd du trang tfaiet bj nhu ban ghi, di?n sdng, tdng dm loa ddi, tiieo diing tieu chudn cda Bp Van hda, Tfal tfaao vd Du lich dl ra
Viec xdy dvmg, siia chiia nfad vdn fafia, ngoai sir ddng gfip tifin ciia vd ngay cfing lao
Trang 3ngufin vdn tii con em cda dja phuong dang cdng tdc hodc ldm an d cac tuih ttong cd nude
Hp bill dfng vien nhthig ngudi di xa hudng vl quf huong, chia sf nhiing khd khdn vd hi ttg v$t chit dl xdy dimg que nhd Su ndng nd cua cac cdn bf dia phuong cdn the hifn d ch§, hg bill xay dyng mii quan hf teong sy tin tudng lln nhau vdi cdc doanh nghifp vita
va nhd ddng tai dia phuong Sy h5 ttgr vl v§t chit cua cac doanh nghifp nay cung Id ngudn vdn khfing the bd qua
"Ngodi si liin dja phuang cho trong vile siia chaa nhd vdn hoa thi chiing tdi con
di vgn dgng nhOng ngudi con xa qui vd cdc cong ty tu nhdn ddng tren dia ban O thdn gia dinh cd con em thdnh dgt dl ldm dn xa rdt nhiiu, chi can thon xdm kiu ggi
Id hg sdn sdng iing hg ngay Tuy di ldm dn xa nhung hg vdn nhd vi que huong So tiin con lai Id ddng gdp cia cdchg gia dinh trong thon"
(PVS,Bi fliu Chi bf thfin)
"Nhd su vdn dgng quyin gop cua cdc cdc b0 thdn d cdc nai nen ngudi ddn d thdn chung tdi dong tiin sira chiia nhd vdn hda gidm di nhiiu Nhd cd 2 dng bdgid song nhd vdo tiin luang huu nen cUng lo ldng Ngudi ddn d ddy chii yiu sdng bdng nghi nong nen vdn cdn kho khdn, tndi khi phdi dong gop khodn tiin ndo thi deuphdi tinh todn"
(PVS, nam, 70 tali) Nhu vay cdc nhd vdn hda t^i dia bdn nghien ciiu dugc siia ehua vd dua vdo hoat ddng mft cdch nhanh chdng mft phdn la do kinh phi tu cac nguin xd hfi hda Td dd cd All thiy von xa hgi Id sy lien kit xd hfi thiit yiu ttong vifc lam gidu m ^ kinh tl, gdp phin phdt trien nhieu m^t cua dia phuong Vdn xd hfi dd ttd flidnh mft nguin luc mdi vd quan trgng ttong qua trinh xdy dyng NTM hifn nay ma cdc dia phuong can khai thae vd
su dyng mft cdch cd hifu qua
Khi thuc hifn tieu chi sd 6 va mua trang thiit bi, ngudi ddn tai cdc xS nghien curu deu dugc mdi Ifn hgp vd ddng gdp y kien Cdc hf dugc thdng bao cdng khai vl kl hoach thi cdng, gidm sdt, sua chiia lai nhd van hda nhu flil nao Vifc cdng khai, mmh bjch dl ngudi ddn tham gia vd gidm sat cfng trinh dd da 1^ dugc su ding thuin, nhat tri cao trong nhan dda
"Trudc khi sua chira nhd vdn hoa ngudi ddn dupe mdt lin hgp nghe phd biin, ching toi diu dugc biit sira nhitng gi ldm ra sao mua vgt Iiiu d ddu tdt cd cong khdi hit Ngudi ddn diu ddng gop y kiin trong budi hgp"
(PVS, nam, 50 tali)
"Viic cong khai cdc khodn thu chi trong viic sicd chiia vd mua trang thiit bi cho nhd vdn hda ngudi ddn rdt dSng tinh Ngudi ddn gidm sdt tit luc thi cdng din lie kit thiic"
(PVS, nO, 55 tuoi)
"Vifc sua chita nha vdn hoa diu xudt phdt tit nhu cdu, nguyin vgng cia ngudi ddn
vd do ngudi ddn bdn bgc, di xudt, quyit dinh, tic do chung tdi mdi lln ki hogch Chiing tot diu cdng khai, minh bgch nhiing cong viic tn/c tiip liin quan din lgi ich cim cgng ddng vd ngudi ddrf'
(PVS, Trudng flidn)
J ^ " ^*''' "* ""^ ^ ™ ** '^^ till cda nhdn dan da dugc phdt huy, ddn chd, tao
Trang 4huy tinh dan chu, tao dilu kipn cho ngudi dan cd quyen quyit dinh vific sii dung nguon von do minh ddng gdp, gidm sdt viec su dung nguon vfin do thi ngudi ddn mdi tfch evrc, hang hdi xay dvmg nfing tfafin mdi
Xdy dung nfing thdn moi khi phat huy dupe vai fro chii thfi ciia ngudi ( ^ , lay ddn lam glc ttong v i ^ thitc hi?n cdc tifiu chi nfii^ thfin mdi ndi chung vd tifiu chi ca sd vgt chat van hda ndi nfing sfi sdm hoan thanh vd nguac lai
2.2 Su dung mgt cdch hi$u qud cd sd vat chh van hda
Nha van hda la noi sinh hoat cpng dfing, vdi muc dich gin giii vd phat huy ban sdc
van hda cua mSi viing qufi Rdt nfaieu boat ddng ^ nghia ciia cpng dong duac dien ra t^i day
Cdc sulfa faoat van fada, the tfaao t§i nhd vdn hda gop phdn vao viee ndng cao ddi song tinh thdn vd tfal efaat, gan ket ngudi dan, d|£ bi^t Id dfii vdi ngudi ddn d khu vuc nfing tiifin V$y vific sd dung nha vdn hda tai 2 xd nghien cdu nhu thi ndo sau khi da duoc xdy dung vd sda chiia lai
"Tic ngay sua lgi nha van hoa, cdc hogt dgng cUng nhiiu han ngcQf trudge nhung cOng
» khong thuang xiryin, nhu cdc ngay li tit nhu tit thiiu nhi, trung thu, miing 2/9 cUng
dugc to chuc Ngodi cac cugc hgp thi nhd vdn hoa ding Id rm di trd tiin luang huu cho cdc cii vd thu tien di$n hdng thdng Nhd vdn hoa mdi dugc sua lgi nin cdc hogt dgng dugc to chuc co chdt lugng hem, ngudi ddn tham gia co dong han"
(PVS, nam, 55 tuii)
"Budi sdng cdc cii tap duang sinh, budi chieu sau khi di ldm dong vi thi mgi ngudi tap trung din sdn nhd vdn hoa di chai bong chuyin vd cdu long Vi the phong trdo thi dye thi thao a xd chung toi nhiiu ndm liin ludn Id dan v/ tich cue Bd con thudng xuyen tham gia tap luyen vd thi ddtf"
(PVS, nam, 50 tiili) Cac xd nghien cdu da dua nfad vdn hda vdo sd dyng vd khai thdc Nhd vdn hda hipn nay cfaii yiu ddnh cho eac faoat dpng fafii fapp hay trong cdc dip k^ ni$m Ida Cde hoat dfing All dye thi thao tai day kha nfafin nfaip, tj- le ngudi ddn tham gia luyfin t§p thfi dye thi thao tdng len, vi r^udi ddn dd nh?n thdy vi?e faoat dfing tfae due thi thao co tdm quan trpng ddc bift frong vifc chdm lo, hfii dudng ndng cao siic khde, the luc, nang cao ddi sing tinh thdn, giiip phdt triin, hodn thifn thi chdt vd xay dyng Ifii sing tich cm; Cac hoat d^ng tfal thao dupe duy tri thudng xuyfin vd cd hieu qud Tuy nhien, ndi den tifiu chi nha vdn hda khdng chi ndi din ea sd v|t ehdt nhu nhd eua, bdi tap vd cdc trang tiiiit hi ma ^ l u elt IQi ciia nd, linh hfin cua nd Id cdc hinh thuc hoat dpng da dang vl mdt vdn hda
Tfaeo bao cao tfadnh ticfa xay dimg xd dgt chuan van hda ndng thfin mdi ndm 2015 ciia 2 xa nghien cdu, nhd van hda la noi difin ra cac hpi nghi cda khu ddn cu, cua cdc doan till trong kfau, cac buoi giao luu sinh hoat vdn hda van nghfi Ve hifu qud ho?it dpng cua sdn tdp luyfin thi dye tfal tfaao, cac khu da su dyng rdt tit ca sd v$t chdt da cd, tfal due thi thao tfaudng xuyfin, fadng ngdy dupe diln ra nfafin nfaip d mfit so mfin nfau: bdng cfauyin, ciu long Ngodi ra, cdc sdn tdp d khu cdn Id noi dien ra cdc buoi giao luu the dye tfal thao do xa, hodc khu tfi chiie
Nhu v$y cd thfi thdy vifc su dung nfaa vdn fada tai cac xd ngfaifin ciiu chii yiu dh fa^i
hpp, cdc hogt dfng cfai dien ra vao dip le, tit, nfii dung hoat dpng cua cac nhd van hda cdn
Trang 5rdt nghdo nan, kem hip din, khfing fliu hdt dugc ngudi ddn mgi Ilia tuoi Cac nhd vdn hda
tp day dlu su dyng dung myc dfch ttong vifc phyc vy cho ngudi dan nhu la cho gidi tti,
choi the fliao, t?io nfn mft ddi sdng vdn hda lanh mjnh, nhimg cdc Mnh flidc ho?t dfng
khae cdn nhifu h^n chi, khdng mang tinh ddi han
2.3 Tinh biu viing cia tiiu chtcasd vgl chit vin hda
Cdc hhih fliiic ho^it dfng vdn nghf citog nhu flil due flil fliao chua phong phii do
nhiiu nguyen nhdn Trudc hit phdi ndi ring, lyc lugng fliam gia cdc phong ttdo vdn hda, flil
fliao d ndng flifln hifn nay ndi chung vd d hai xS nghien cihi ndi rifng, chd yiu Id nhfing
ngudi d Ilia tuoi trung nien vd ngudi cao tali Khd ndng vd tiidi gian cia hg rit h?n chi
Lyc lugng cd khd nang va nhift huyft xdy dyng phong trdo vdn nghf the thao la thanh nien,
nhung phin Idn tiong sl ndy dd ra thdnh phi, vdo cdc khu cdng nghifp tim kiim vifc ldm
Sy thieu hut luc lugng ndng c6t cua phong trdo van hda, vdn nghf, thf dye the thao la mft
trd ng^ idn dl duy tri vd phdt trien ben vftng cac hogit dfng cda nhd vdn hda dr nfing thfia
Vifc sd dyng nhd vdn hda d ndng thdn chua tit mft phdn do cdc nfi dung ho^ dfng
khfing dugc quan tdm dung mdc, mft phdn nfta do tdi chinh han hep, han mdc kinh phi tb^
Cling tdc dgng din hojit dfng eiia nhd vdn hda Nguin tdi chinh dl duy tri cdc ho^it dgng t?i
nha vdn hda thfin hifn nay ehd yiu Id do ngudi dan ddng gdp VI v|ly cdc kl hoach hoat
dfng ciia cdc nhd van hda chi hoat dfng mang tinh ngdn h ^ thieu dlu tu cho kl ho^h
hoat ddng trung h ^ eung nhu ddi han Nhd vdn hda hifn nay hoat dgng ehd yiu Id hop vd
ldm cfing tac tuyf n truyin thfing tin, cdc hoat dgng khde cdn mang tinh tdn man, rdi i?c
"Ching tdi cdm thdy rdt kho khdn trong viic xdy dung chuang trinh cho cdc hogt
dgng Ngodi cdc budi hgp thdn rd chung tdi kit hap vdi Bodn Thanh nien, Hgi Phf
na, H0i Ci/u chiin blnhh id chicc cdc buoi giao luu nhitng mdt ndm cOng chi dugc
vdi budi thdi Kinh phi hogt dgng vd duy tri hgn hfp nin nhiiu lie mudn ldm cii gi
cUng khong ldm dua<^\
(PVS, Trudng flidn) Tuy nhifn, nhin ting thi chung Men nay nha vdn hda van cdn tinh trpig hojit dfng
elm chimg, chua djt Mfu qua nhu mong muln, vl Mnh thdc cd the thiy titomg dii khang
ttang nhung ngi dung hojl dfng chua dugc thudng xuyfn, ngudi ddn khfing hdo hiing
fliam gia, dilu dd ldm anh hudng din Mfu qud dlu tu phdt tiiln
Vifc dat dugc tifu cM eg sd vdt chdt vdn hda dd khd, vifc duy tri ho?t dfng vd bdo
ddm tinh ben vftng cda nd la van dl cdn khd khdn hon nMiu Dd Id vin dl cdn dugc quan
tdm, can duge tiip tyc ngUf n cdu Vd niu chdng ta cM quan tdm din nhflng flili ben ngodi
nhung khdng xet din nhu ciu flidt su va d p bdch cua ngudi dan flii dilu dd gay nen sy Idng
phi vd ndng flidn mdi cM Id edi vd bfn ngoai md khdng di vdo fliuc chit Nfing tiidn kM dd
ttdng cd yd mdi hon, khang hang hon, nhung vl co bdn vin Id nfing flion cu vdi nhftng fliii
bfn trong hiu nhu khdng fliay dii (Phan Minh Nggc, 2016) CM kM fliue Mfn cdc tieu chi
di vdo fliyc chat, ngudi ddn dugc hudng lgi, khdng Mnh flnic va ch?y tiieo flidnh tich flii
mdi ben vOng dugc, song fliyc Mfn dugc dilu ndy khfing phdi Id vifc de ddng
3 y\ tieu chi y tl
TifuchisfilSvlytl cd 2 nfi dung cy flil: T^ If ngudi dan fliam gia bdo Mim Ytl
Trang 6Y tl ban hdnh Bf tifiu chi quic gia vl Y tl xa giai dogn din nam 2020, vd Y t l xd dat chudn quic gia tiieo quyit dinh sfi 2271/2002/QD-BYT ngdy 17 tiidng 6 ndm 2002 Trong 19 tifiu chi xdy dyng NTM tfai tifiu chi 15 giG vai ttd hit siic quan tipng, khfing chi dnh hudng tiyc tiep den chit lupng cufc sing ngudi ddn md cdn Id nin tdng eho sy phat triin bin vting
3.1 Sic difng tr^my tixdphuc v{f si^ khde c&a nguiH ddn dfaphmfng
Y tfi la mfit vin dl dang duac Ddng vd Nhd nude quan tdm danh nfailu nguin luc de phat trien, dgc bifit Id y tl ca sd Y tl ea sd ddng vai trd quan trpng tiong vifc thyc hifin mye tifiu cham sdc sue khde ngudi dan, do ddy Id tuyin y tl true tiip gdn ddn nhit, bdo ddm cho mpi ngudi dan dugc cham sde siic khoe ca bdn vdi chi phi thap, gdp phin thuc hifn cfing bing xd hfi
"So vdi tnrdc ddy, trgm y te co nhiiu thay ddi Ngdy xua ldm gi co mdy siiu dm, cd nhimg trang thiit bi hiin dgi nhu bdy gid Ngdy trudc khi len trgm y ti hg chi do huyit dp, niu kiu met thi hg cho Ig Bl vi udng Cfddy khdng cd suphdn bi?t giita ngudi CO bdo hiim y ti vd ngudi khdng cd bdo hiim y ti Ai lin khdm cung dugc ddi
xu nhu nhau"
(PVS n% 65 tiili)
"Trgm y ti cd syt thay ddi Idn, sgch se han, cdn bd y ti vui ve, nhi$t tinh chdm sdc ngudi b$nh Khi din thdi diim tiem phong cho tri em, cdc cgng tdc vien ciia trgm y
ti den timg nhd thdng bdo ngdy gid tiem chung nin khdng cd tinh trgng quen tiem chiing cho con"
(PVS, nam, 35 tiili) Qua dd cd the thiy cfing tdc cfadm sdc siic khoe cho ngudi dan d dia phuang dupe chii trpng va ed bude tiin bf Chat lupng khdm, chiia bfnh ngdy cdng duprc cdi thifn vd
i ^ g cao Tuy nhifin, muc tifiu elt Ifii cda Bfi tifiu chi qude gia vfi y tl khfing chi ndng cao chat lupng kfadm, ehtia bfnh, cfadm sdc sdc khde cho nhdn ddn, md cdn gidm tdi cfao ca sd kham chua bfnh tuyen tien Trong do, Nhd nude ddu tu mdy mdc, trang thiet bj, bl tri ddy
du ddi ngii y, bdc sT, tiiudc dieu tri nfadm phye vy nfau cau toi thilu cua ngudi dan khi din vdi tuyin y tl xa, nhit Id dii vdi nhung dfii tupng chinh saeh, dii tupng cd the bdo hiim y
tl vd tre em dudi 6 tuii
Tuy ttam y tfi xd dupe dlu tu trang tfailt bi tfit hon trudc day, trinh dp y, bdc si dupe ndng cao faon, nhung van cfaua tfauc su thu hiit dupe ngudi ddn den khdm Vgy ddu Id nguyfin nhdn din din tinh trgng nay?
"Tdi lin trgm y ti xd Ididm va dugc cho thudc vi udng nhimg hhdng khoi, ra ngodi hi$u thudc mua vi udng thi Midi Toi rdt tin tudng bdc sT a trgm nhung do thdy minh khdng hgp vdi thudc a do nen khdng ISn trgm y ti xa khdm n£ta"
(PVS, nu, 50 tiili)
"Khi cdn siiu dm hay khdm binh tdi thudng den b$nh vi$n huyin ho^c xudng thi trdn nai co phdng khdm tu cua bdc sTlam a b$nh vi$n tinh md Ngudi ddn len trgm
y ti chu yiu la ngudi gia mdc b$nh mdn tinh, h£iy lin sa cieu rdi Idy gidy chuyin viin Trgm y te ki$n nay tdi th^ ldm rdt tdt viec tiem chiing cho tre em, mdi lan din dgt tiim chiing hg thdng bdo din timg nhd nin rdt thudn ti$n"
Trang 7Hifn nay ede tram y tl d^t chudn co bdn bdo ddm cfing tdc chdm sdc sure khde ban ddu cho nhan dan, ehu yiu ldm cdng tac dy phdng, tiem chung vacxin cho tre dudi 6 tali, khdm thai sdn eho nhftng phy nu mang thai vd khdm edp plidt thulc cho nhftng dfii tugng
cd BHYT Dilu dd din din tdm ly cua ngudi bfnh thudng mufin tim din nhimg co sd y tl Idn, cd uy tin va chat lugng khdm, chfta bfnh tot hon Id dieu dl Mlu Mdc dii hdng ndm
sd y tl tji dia phuong thudng xuyfn md cdc Idp ddo tao, cap nh^it kiln thirc vl y khoa lien tuc, hay cdc bfnh vifn da khoa huyen, tinh cir cdn bg ve tram y te xa dl hfi ttg ky thii|t, nhung vin bi ddnh gia la chua du khd nang dap ling nhu cau khdm chfta bfnh cua ngudi dan dja phuong
Cd till thdy sy h?n chi vl trinh df chuyfn mdn, ngMfp vy cda dgi ngii cdn bf y bdc
Sl tai ttjm y tl da tde dfng khdng nhd tdi ngudi ddn, kMin hg khdng m|n md din khdm chfta bfnh d tt^un y tl xa
Vifc xay dung co sd v$t chit tit cho ttam y tl xa nhu nha cda khang hang, dlu ta mua sdm tiiiit bi y tl vd tiiulc men dap ling duge nhu ciu khdm chfta bf nh d dja phuong
da Id dilu quan tegng, nhung dilu quan trgng hon, cd tinh chdt quyet dinh din Mfu qud hojt dfng cda team y tl Id dfi ngii can bf y, bde si vd nhdn vien y te xd, mgt dfi ngfi lufn ludn cin ndng cao khfing ngdng vl mat y ddc cung nhu vl mjt chuyen mfin ngMfp vy
KM rdo cdn dd dugc khde phyc se hip din ngudi ddn din khdm chfta bfnh d ti^m y te tai xanMluhon
Ngodi tt?m y te dat chuin quic gia flii ty If ngudi dan tiiam gia BHYT tir 70% la yeu cau ttong tieu chi y tl dii vdi chuong ttinh ndng flidn mdi Cdc xa teong ngMfn cdu
da hodn tiianh cM tieu y tl vdi tj' if ngudi ddn tiiam gia bdo hiim y tl la hon 72% Dl d?t dugc kft qud tten khdng phdi Id de, mufin tiiay dii dugc nhdn flidc cda ngudi ddn vl ttdch nMem cimg nhu tinh ty gidc fliam gia BHYT khfing phdi Id chuyf n cd till ldm dugc ttong ngdy mft, ngdy hai
"Tdi mua bdo hiim y ti ttt nguyin tit mdy ndm nipt rdi Mua bdo hiim ding thdy ton kern nhung lgi ich no mang lgi rdt nhiiu Sd tiin 600 nMn mdi ndm di mua bdo hiem la mgt so tiin Idn, toi ndm nay gdn 70 rdi nha chdng may md dm dau di viin thi khdng cd tien chiia tri nin mua BHYT di gidm bdt gdnh ndng"
„_ , (PVS, nam, 67 tali)
Tot thdy nhgn thiic cua ngudi ddn vi BHYT cdn chua ddy du cimg vdi tdp qudn, thoi quen tuchaa binh dich w y ti chua phdt triin vd diiu kiin kinh ti cdn kho khdn da dan din tinh trgng khi cd binh ngudi ddn thudng mua thudc di diiu tri Id'nha, nhieu ngudi chi tham gia bdo hiim y ti khi bdn thdn ho bi binh Vi Ihi Chung tot dl den tieng nhd van dgng ngudi ddn tham gia bdo hiim y ti phan tich eho nguai ddn ve nhOng cdi dugc khi Iham gia BHYT giip ngudi ddn hiiu dugc tam quan trgng cua viic tham gia BHYT'
r , i „ , , ^ j , (PVS, trudng flidn)
a n d n Z X ^ ^ f S ^ ' • f ' "^^ "^ ® *»' ' ^ " ^2% cM tifu bao phd BHYT, nhung kit
nhieu nguyen nhan khach quan vd chd quan
Trang 8hudng tdi mye tifiu cfing bdng va hifu qua trong cham sdc sdc khde cho nhdn dan, ddc bift Id doi tupng ngheo Tifin tdi bdo hiem y te todn ddn chinfa Id giai p h ^ tai chmh bfin vihig dl ngudi cd the bdo failm y tfi hudng loi mpt cdch tfit 'nhat cac dich vy y te Tuy nhifin dfi tiiuc hifn, cdn phdi cd nhihig giai phap tich cue dfi chinh sach thuc su di vdo ddi
sing, thay vi chi ^ i pfad bdng nfaung each ldm mang tinh guong ep, tam bp
3.2, Tinh bin vitng cda tieu chiy ti
Thuc t l cho thiy, vifc xdy dimg xd dgt Bfi tifiu cfai quoc gia vfi y tl trong Chuoi^ trinfa muc tieu quic gja xdy dung ndng thfin mdi da tgo dilu kifn tdng cudng cd vfi nfaan luc, ca sd vat ehdt, frang tfailt bi eho hf tiling y tl tuyin xa, qua dd, gdp phan ndng cao chdt lupng cham sdc vd bdo vf siic khde nfadn dan, gidm tdi cfao ca sd khdm - cfatia bfnfa tuyen tten, ddng thdi gidm bdt chi phi cho ngudi benh Thuc ttang dang tfin tgi d cdc trgm
y tl faifn nay Id ngudi ddn chua d§t hit nilm tin khdm cfaiia bfnh cua minh vao y tl co sd NIU tinh trang nay khong sdm dupe khde phuc tfai mpi faogt dpng ciia tram y t l s5 hi diA hudng vd vific duy tri chuan quoc gia vl y tl se rdt kho khdn
^ ^ _ Hifin nay mfi hinh kham ch&a bfnfa cua Vift Nam dang dl tiieo fainh tiidp ngupe, bfnfa
^ ^ ^ d o n ve tuyen cuoi trong kfai tuyfin y tl ea ^ lgi ehi ehilm 4% - 6% ngudi bfnh tdi khdm
vd (filu tri Nhieu tnrdi^ hpp ehi mdc cdc bfnh thfing thudng ngudi ddn cung tim den bfnfa
vifn tiiyfin huyfin vd tinh dl khdm, tmng kfai nhiing benh nay cd thi kham trgm y \k NgiQ'fin
nhan ciia tinh trgng nay la ngudi dan chua tm tudng vdo chuyfin mfin ciia y tl ca sd (Tuyen Ldm, 2016) Day Id hf qud cua nhiiu nguyfin nhdn dupe tieh liiy trong mfit tiidi gjan ddi, do la biiu hifn cua su mit cdn bdng trong hf thing do nhihig nguyfin nhdn khach quan va dhu quan Trong dd, nguyfin nhdn ca bdn van Id do ndng lyc chuyen mfin ky tiiugt eiia tuyin dudi cdn yiu vd kfafing ding dlu, chdt lupng khdm, chtia bfnfa tuyin dudi cdn han chi
Khi ddi sing ciia ngirdi ddn nhiiu noi cdn khd khdn, tinh trang qud tdi tai cdc bfnh vifn Idn van dang la mpt van de bdc thiit bdi cfai pfai dfi dfin kfadm vd difiu tri tai day lgi kfadng fal nhd, thi vifc nang cao hifu qua hogt dpng ciing nhu su tin nfaifm ciia ngudi dan vdi cac trgm y tfi ea sd Id rit cdn thiit Vdi chdc ndng la tuyin eo sd eham sdc sdc khde ban dau cho ngudi dan, khfing thi phu nhan dupe vai ttd, vi tri cua cdc ttam y te xd trong giai dogn hien nay Do dd, vifc khde phyc nhiing bat cap ttong kham chiia bfnh tai cdc trgm y tl xd hifin nay dl tranh lang phi vfi tien cua va nfaan luc Id vd ciing can thiit (Viet HdvaVuifaHd,2012)
Hifn nay viec mua BHYT niu dupe fafi tra tW ngudi dan rdt hdng hdi tham gia Nhung khi hit faS trp tW ngudi ddn lgi luong ly khfing bi?t cd tham gia tiep hay khfing Dilu ndy cfao thiy ban thdn ngucri dan chua quan tdm den BHYT, vific tham gia BHYT cd ciing dupe khfing ciing chd sao Hien nay hodn thdnh chi tifiu tfaam gia BHYT cfai Id gidi dogn ngdn khdng mang tinh bin viing Vay ldm thfi ndo de ngudi dan hiiu vd tiiam gia BHYT mpt cdcfa tu nguyfn?
"Niu cd tiin thi tdi si mua tiip, cdn khdng cd tiin thi thdi Hi?n tgi thdy sice khde cUng tdt nin khdng nghi nhieu din viec mua bdo hiim y ti"
(PVS, nam, 61 tiili)
D I ngucri dan tfaam gia bao failm y tfi lien quan din nfailu yiu tfi nhu: Dilu kifn
Trang 9vu y tl Ndng cao chit lugng dich vy y tl t?i cdc co sd khdm chua bfnh, giiip ngudi ddn
cd flie bdo Mim y t l duge fliu hudng mft edch tit nhdt cdc dich vu chdm sde sde khde se
la gidi phdp cit Idi cda ngdnh y tl dl tiing budc tiiuylt phyc ngudi din fliam gia bdo Mim ytl
4.Kltlu|n
Xdy dung ndng flidn mdi Id cugc cdch mang Idn d nfing thfin Trong dd ngudi ddn ddng vai ttd chu flil, phdt huy ngi lyc cua cgng dfing Id chinh ben c^nh su ho tix? cua Nhd nude Myc dich xuyen suit cda ehuong tiinh xay dyng NTM Id nang cao ddi sing tinh fliln, vat chit cho ngudi ddn, tao dilu kifn tot nhit dl ngudi dan phdt tiiln kmh If, In dinh cufc song vd cd tinh bin vftng Vd dl ttd ^anh mdt xa nfing thfin mdi, phdi djt dugc eae tifu cM cu the
Cd thi ndi, so vdi cac dja phuong khac ttong tinh, huyfn Lam Thao ndi ehung va cdc xd ngMdn cira ndi rieng thudn lgi hon rit nMiu kM bat ddu thyc Mfn chuong trinh xdy dung NTM vdi khdng it lgi thi kM cd xuit phdt diim tdt vdi bmh qudn tifu cU ndm
2010 djt 10,8/19 tieu chi/xS Df cd duge dilu dd phdi ndi din tim nhm xa ttdng rgng ciing nhu sy quan tam cda Idnh dao cdc xd ddi vdi ngudi dan Cimg vdi dd la vifc keu ggi
va sft dyng nguin vdn xa hfi hda trong vifc dlu tu xdy dung NTM t ^ 2 xd ngMfn cihi Dii vdi 2 tieu cM co sd vat chat vdn hda vd y tl ngudi ddn dlu cd phdn hdi tit ve vifc xdy dyng sua chfta, tuy nMen vifc hoat dfng vd sd dyng tM chua dugc hg ddnh gid tit
v l tieu cM CO sd vdt chit vdn hda, khfing cM la xay dyng va sda chfta nhd van hda
md edn phai quan tdm din nfi dung ho^t dgng - dieu md cdc xa vin chua ldm dugc tot
Di gidi quyit vin dl ndy cin phdi xay dyng kl hoach, chuong trinh hoat dfng ngdn h^n, trung hgn, ddi hgn, hay vife thu hut cac tinh nguyfn vien Id thanh nifn din giup cho cdc nhd vdn hda khu vyc nfing thfin tham gia vdo vifc td chuc vd xay dung hoat dgng cho nhd vdn hda Can bd sung thfm ngufin kinh pM cho cdc hogt dfng cda nhd vdn hda De bdo dam dugc tinh hogt dfing bin vftng cda tifu cM nay cdn cd sy phdi hgp gifta cac nha quan
Iy cdc nhd hogt dfng van hda vd cdc nha khoa hgc tiip tyc n ^ e n cihi Vi vdi khu vyc nfing thfin, vung sdu, viing xa, noi ddi sing vdt chdt va tinh thin cdn chua diy dd, tM hogt dfing cua nha vdn hda cd y nghia quan ttgng ttong xdy dyng ddi sing vdn hda d dja phuong, nd giup ngudi dan cd nhiiu hogt dfng vui choi gidi tri sau nhftng gid lao dfng Dpi vdi tifiu cMsll5vlytlteongxdy dyng nfing thfin mdi t ^ 2 xa ngMfn ciiu vin cdn nMiu dilu tin tgi cin gidi quyit DIU tien la vin dl nhan lyc Hiu hit cac co sd y tl tayin CO sd khfing ed bdc si ma cM cd cde y si tot ngMfp cao ddng, trung d p y hojc bdc
sT lifn thfing md rdt it cd cdc bdc si dai hgc vl cfing tac theo ddng quy chuin mft bdc sT ttf n mgt co sd y tl Vi vay ngudi ddn it khdm chfta bfnh d eac ti-gm y tl co sd md lai den khdm chOa bfnh d cac tuyin hen, din din vifc eae tayIn y tl ndy qua tdi, tdng cM phi khdm chfta benh
De gidi quyit vin dl nay cin cd nhiing chmh sdch fliu hut sinh vifn tit ngMfp chmh quy nganh y vl ldm vifc tgi dja phuong KM ndng lyc chuyfin mfin cda y, bdc si tgi ttgm y te dugc ndng cao flii ngudi dan sS din ttgm y tl iiMlu hon
Ddi vdi vifc tiiam gia BHYT, cdn diy manh cfing tac tuyfn tniyin vl cdc cMnh
Trang 10phdt thanh, truyin thanh; thong qua cac khdu hieu dfi ngudi ddn hiiu vl quyen Ipi, trdch nhifm ttong vific tiiam gia BHYT ndng cao chit lupi^ cong tdc kham, chiia benh cua y tfi
ca sd, dam bao quyin loi cho ngudi tham ^ a BHYT
Dgt dugc tieu chi da khd, giii dupe tieu chi mpt cdch bin viing cdn khd hon D|c biet trong bfii cdnh hifn nay khi nguin luc ca nude dang rit eo hpp, chuong ttinh xdy
d^ag ndng thdn mdi nfin dupe thuc h i ^ mft each cd chpn Ipc, vfi myc tieu vd phgm vi,
dl khfing chi cd thfim nhieu kha ndng mang lgi nhm^ kit qua tfaiet thue hon, ma cdn gii^ tilt kifim cho ngdn sdch qufic gia nhimg khodn chi khfii^ Ifi, khong ddy nen kinh te liin vdo np ndn keo ddi trong nfailu ndm sau nay (Phan Minh Ngpc, 2016)
Va niu chdng ta chi quan tdm dfin nhihig thd ben ngoai nhung Idifing xet den nhu cau that su va c ^ bdch ciia ngudi dan thi cBlu dd gdy nfin sy lang phi va xdy d\mg nfing
thon mdi s§ khdng 6i vao thyc chat (Phan Minh Ngpc, 2016)
Day ehi la mpt ngufin cdu nhd mang tinh trudng hpp nea kfafing tiie dua ra dupe ket ludn cho toan bp cac huyfn dat nong thon mdi Vi moi ^ pfauong cd nhiing xuit phat
£em khac nhau, cd nhOng dilu kifin tu nhifin, kinh tl, xa hfii khfing gidng nhau
111 ^ ^ ^ ^ Tai Iif a tham khao
Ban Cfai ( ^ Tnmg uong Cic chuong trinh Myc tiSu qudc gja gjai do^n 2016-2020 2016 Hfi nghi t o ^
qu5c t r i ^ khat Chuong tiinh Mpc tieu qudc gja xSy d^tng n&ig di8n ni6i v^ phdt dfng phong trio dii dua "Cd nude chung sue xdy c^ing nong thon mdi" giai doan 2016-2020 Hi Nfi, ngdy 30 thang 9 n9ni 2016
Uy ban nMn dan huy^ L§m lliao Bao cdo K^ qud Ave hifn Chuong trinh M^c tiSu qu6c gia xdy d\mg
ndng didn mdi tren dja b ^ hiQr$a L3m Thao gi^ do^n 2010 • 2025, tfadng 7 nSm 2015
Bf W^ hda, ITil diao vd Du Ijch 2011 Thdng tu 06/201I/TT-BVHTTDL ngiy 8 fliSng 3 nam 2011, Qay dinh n ^ vh tb diiic, hofit dfng vh tieu cfai cda NM v3n hda-Khu di^ diao thdn
Bf VSn hda, Thi fliao vd Dn Ijch 2010.'ni&ig tu sd 12/20I0nT-BVHTTDL ng^y 22 tiling 12 nSm 2010,
quy dinh cdc tiSu chi dl xay dung trung tSm van fada xa
Bf Y ^ 2014 Quyet dinh sd 4667/QD-BYT n g ^ 7 tiiang 11 aSm 2014, ve vifc ban hinh Bf tifiu chi Quic
^ a vS y tl gjai do^n 2020
Bf Y tl 2011 QiQ-lt djnh sd 3447/QD-BYT n ^ y 22 tiling 9 nam 2011, vl vifc ban hanh bf tigu chi Quoc gia vl y tl gjai doiin 2011 - 2020
Phan Minh Ng^c 2016 Xdy dung ndng didn mdi - can tfauc ch^ hon Truy c$p tii
bttp://www.diesaigondmes.vii/150803/Xay-duog-nong-dion-moi—can-tfauc-chat-faonJitinl Ti^ln Lam 2016 Bdt c|p ve tr?m y ^ Tniy c|p t&htIp-y/www.sggp.oig.vn/ytesuckhoe/2016/8/429483/
Vift Hi - Vmh Hi 2012 Tb^c tr^ng ho^t dfng cua cic trgun y te: Kfad gift dagc "chuan" Truy c$p tit
http://www.baophudio.vn^ong-su-giii-cfaep/20121 ommc-trang-faoat-dong-cua-cac-tram-y-te-Kfao-giu-duoc-chuan-2200606/