THl/C hi?n Nghj quyet Dgi hpi XI ciia Dang ve vipc "day mgnh giam ngheo ben viing, nang cao thu nhgp, khdng ngiing cdi thipn ddi sdng vd ehdt lupng dan sd cita ddng bdo cdc dan tpc thieu
Trang 1Quan tri#t va thuc hi?n Nghi quyet Dai hgi XII oia Dang
CHUYEN DOI PHUONG PHAP TIEP CAN NGHEO
DA CHliU NHAM BAO DAM MUC SONG Tdi THIEU
VA NANG CAO KHA NANG TIEP CAN CAC DICH VU XA HOI CO BAN CUA NGUOI DAN, THUC HIEN MUC TIEU GIAM NGHEO B I N VUNG
DAO NGQC DUNG*
Vift Nam Id Mim sdng trong cong tdc gidm ngheo du^c cpng dong quoc
ti ghi nhgn vd danh gid "bdo ddm nguyen tac cong khai, minh bgch, it that thodt va hifu qud" Tuy nhien, vdi cdch tiip cgn ngheo dem chieu (chi d^ra vao tieu chi thu nhgp) nhu tru&c ddy, vifc do lu&ng ngheo cua nu&c
ta khong con phd hffp v&i xu the m&L Vi vgy, de thfrc hifn mgc tieu gidm ngheo bin vimg can chuyen ddi phmmg phdp tiep cgn M lu&ng nghko tir dem chieu sang da chieu, theo dd cdc tieu chi tiip cgn gom tieu chi vi thu nhgp, muc dp thiiu hgt cdc djch vg xd hpi cff ban
THl/C hi?n Nghj quyet Dgi hpi XI ciia
Dang ve vipc "day mgnh giam ngheo
ben viing, nang cao thu nhgp, khdng
ngiing cdi thipn ddi sdng vd ehdt lupng dan
sd cita ddng bdo cdc dan tpc thieu sd"*" va
Nghi quyit sd 80/NQ-CP, ngdy 19-5-2011,
cua Chinh phii ve Dfnh hu&ng gidm ngheo
ben vung thai ky tir ndm 2011 den ndm
2020, trong nhiing ndm viia qua, cdc chinh
sach ho trp giam ngheo dupc Dang, Qudc
hpi, Chinh phti quan tam, chi dgo manh mS,
quyet lipt hudng tdi cdc mye tieu: cdi thipn
vd timg budc nang cao dieu kipn sdng ciia
ngudi ngheo, uu tien ngudi ngheo la ddng
bao dan tpc thieu sd, ngudi ngheo thupc
huyen ngheo, xd bien gidi, xd an toan khu,
xa, thdn, ban ddc bipt khd khdn viing dan tpc
vd mien nui, xd ddc bipt khd khdn viing bai ngang ven bien vd hai dao; tgo sy chuyen bien mgnh me, toan dipn ve cdng tac gidm ngh^o d cdc vimg ngheo; gdp phan thu h?p khoang cdch chenh Ipch ve miic sdng giihi thdnh thi va ndng thdn, giiia cdc vimg, cdc dan tpc va cac nhdm dan cu
Trong 5 ndm (2011 - 2015) tir vipc thyc hipn chucmg trinh va cac chinh sdch ho trp giam ngh^o, ty Ip hp ngheo cd nudc dd giam tir 14,2% cudi ndm 2010 xudng cdn 4,25% vao cudi nam 2015 (binh quan giam 2%/
• Uy vien Trang ucmg E)ing, Bp trudng B0 Lao
(l$ng - Thuong binh vi Xi h$i
(1) Vdn kifn Dgi hQi dgi bieu loan quoc lan thir XI,
Nxb Chinh trj quoc gia - Sv th|t, Hk N^i, 2011 tr 121
Trang 2ndm), ty Ip hp ngheo ciia cac huypn ngheo
da giam hi 58,33% cudi ndm 2010 xudng
cdn 28% cudi ndm 2015 (binh quan giam
6%/ndm), ty Ip hp ngheo ciia cdc xd, thdn,
ban dac bipt khd khan vung dan tpc va mien
mii, xd d^c bipt khd khan viing bai ngang
ven bien va hdi dao giam binh quan khodng
3% - 4%/ndm, dgt mye tieu ke hogch de ra
tgi Nghi quyit sd 80/NQ-CP cua Chinh phii
Thanh tyu giam ngheo cita Vipt Nam
trong giai dogn 2011 - 2015 the hipn sy quyet
tam ciia Chinh phii trong vipc thyc hipn Mye
tieu phat trien Thien nien ky (MDG) vi xda
ddi, gidm ngheo, dupc cpng ddng qudc te
ghi nhgn vd danh gid: Vipt Nam la diem sang
t"ong cdng tac giam ngheo Cpng ddng qudc
te, nhu Chuong trinh Phat trien Lien hpp
qudc (UNDP), Ngan hang Thi gidi (WB),
Dgi su quan Ai-len, Oxfam'^', danh gia
cao Chuong trinh 30a vd Chucmg trinh 135,
ghi nhgn: "Chuang trinh hd trp giam ngheo
todn dipn nhdt ddi vdi cdc viing ngheo, bao
dam nguyen tic cdng khai, minh bgch, it
that thodt, hipu qud, dupc nhieu chinh phu,
to chtic qudc te hpc tgp va chia se kinh
nghipm"
Tuy nhien, nhim bao dam miic sdng tdi
thieu vd khdng ngimg nang cao kha ndng tiep
cgn cac djch vy xd hpi co ban ciia ngudi dan
theo tinh thin Nghj quyit sd 76/2014/QHi3,
ngdy24-6-2016, ciia Qudc hpi khda X'i "Ddy
mgnh ihuc hifn muc lieu gidm ngheo ben
vimg den ndm 2020", trong dd neu rd: xdy
dung chudn ngheo mai theo phuang phdp
tiep cgn da chieu nhdm bdo ddm miec song
toi thieu vd ddp ung cdc dich vu xd hpi ca
bdn, ngay 15-9-2015 Thii tudng Chinh phii
da ban hanh Quyet djnh sd 1614/QD-TTg,
"Phe duyft De dn long the "Chuyen ddi
phuang phdp liep can do ludng ngheo tie
dan chieu sang da chieu dp dgng cho giai
dogn 2016 - 2020 " theo hudng sir dyng ket
hpp cd chuan ngheo ve thu nhap va muc dp thiiu hut tiip cgn cac djch vy xa hpi co ban Theo do, tieu chi do ludng ngheo dupc xay d\mg tren co sd: i - Cac tieu chi ve thu nhdp, bao gdm chuan mite sdng tdi thieu ve thu nhgp 2- Mtic dp thieu hyt trong tiep can cac djch \ u xa hpi co ban, bao gdm tiep cgn ve
y te giao due, nha d, nudc sgch va vp sinh, ticp cgn thdng tin; Quyit dinh sd 59/2015/ QD-TTg ngay 19-11-2015, ciia Thu tudng
Chinh phli, "Ve vifc ban hdnh chudn ngheo tiep can da chieu dp dung cho giai dogn 20i6-202(r\
Viec chuyen ddi phuong phdp tiep cgn
do iudng ngheo d Vipt Nam theo hudng da chieu nhdm tgo dieu kipn de nhdn dgng cac ddi tupng ngheo chinh xdc va cy the hon; ddng thdi thu thgp thdng tin ve hp gia dinh thupc ddi tupng nghfeo, cgn ngheo vd thdng tin ve cac thdnh vien trong hp, tinh trgng thieu hyt tiep cgn cac djch vy xa hpi co ban ctia cae thanh vien, iam co sd nghien ciru, xdy dyng eac giai phdp, ke hogch, co che, chinh sach hd trp phit hpp vdi nhu cau, ddc tinh ciia hp ngheo, hp cgn ngh^o, qua dd tgo dieu kipn nang cao mirc sdng, cai thipn thu nhgp, timg budc thoat ngheo ben vihig
vd tiep cgn tdt hon vdi cac djch vu xa hpi
CO b a n
Thdng qua tiep cgn do ludng ngheo da chieu, danh gia dupc mtic dp thay ddi kha ndng tiep cgn cdc djch vy xd hpi co ban ciia
(TiThtoTirdtenbdchkhoa loan thu md{\^'i\iiptA\^)
Oxfam la mpt lien minh quoc te cua 17 to chiic lim vi?c
t^i 94 qu6c gia tren toin the gidi Ah tim giai ph4p lau
lam vifc Uyc tiep vol c ^ cgng dong \ a tim each de gay
n^to c6 the cii thi?n cupc song vk sinh ke ciia hp \k co
mOt tifing noi trong cdc quyfit dmh co anh huong d^n hp
Trang 3cjuan tript va thyc hipn Nghi quyet Dai hpi XH ciia Dang
ngudi dan ddng thdi giiip co quan quan ly
nhin nhgn rd hon cac khu \TJC cdc nhdm ddi
tupng cd mirc dp ngheo va thieu hut cac dich
vy xd hpi CO ban eao, lam co sd xay dyng
cdc chinh sach vi md, chinh sach nganh de
timg budc gidm ddn miic dp thieu hyt giiia
cdc vimg, nhdm dan cu
Vipc xac djnh miic dp thieu hyt cac dich
vu xa hpi CO ban cua ngudi dan thdng qua
tiip cgn do ludng ngheo da chieu gdp phan
tdng tinh hieu qua ctia chinh sdch ho trp, hgn
chi tinh trgng trdng chd, y lgi ctia ddi tupng
thy hudng, ddng thdi la co sa di xay dyng
ki hogch ngan sdch thyc hipn cdc chinh sdch
giam nghdo vd an sinh xd hpi phii hpp hon
Thyc hi0n tdt vipc chuyen ddi phucmg
phdp tiip cgn do ludng ngheo theo hudng
da chieu cung gdp phan nang cao vj thd cua
Vipt Nam tren cdc dien dan qudc te, the hipn
quyit tam ciia Ddng, Nha nudc trong vipc
thye hipn khuyen nghj ciia Lien hpp qudc
thyc hi?n muc tieu phat dien ben viing den
ndm 2030
Dc trien khai cac quyet djnh ciia Thii
tudng Chinh phii, Bp Lao dpng - Thucmg
binh vd Xd hpi dd td chire tuyen truyen
sdu rpng tren cac phuang tipn thdng rin dgi
chiing; phdi hpp vdi cdc bp, co quan Trung
uong, cdc dja phuong ngliien ctiu vd xay
dyng phuong phap, bp cdng ey, quy trinh
dieu tra, rd sodt hp ngheo, hd cgn ngheo hdng
ndm; ban hdnh cac thdng tu, van ban hudng
dan vd td chtic tgp huan, hudng din din cdp
huypn cho toan bp cdc tinh, thanh phd tren
ca nudc de td chuc Tdng dieu tra hp ngheo,
hd cgn nghdo cudi ndm 2015 vd ra soat hp
ngheo cudi ndm 2016 theo nguyen tdc cdng
khai, dan chii, tdng cudng sy tham gia ciia
ngudi ddn, cd sy gidm sat cua Mdt trgn Td
qudc va cdc td chiic thanh vien eac cdp
Theo ket qua Tdng dieu tra hp ngheo
hp cgn ngheo theo tieu chi ngheo da chiiu, din cudi ndm 2015 ca nudc cd 2.338.569
hp ngheo, chiim ty Ip 9,88% (trong do ty 1$
hp ngheo cd mtic thu nhgp tu 700.000 ddng/ ngudi/thang trd xudng d khu vyc ndng thdn, 900.000 ddng/ngudi/thdng trd xudng d khu vyc thanh thj chiim khoang 8,28% tdng si
hp nghdo toan qudc; ty Ip hp ngheo co mirc thu nhgp tren 700.000 ddng din 1.000.000
ddng/ngudi/thdng d khu v\rc ndng thdn, tren
900.000 ddng din 1.300.000 ddng/ngudi/ thdng d khu vyc thdnh thi, ddng thdi thiiu
hyt riip can tir 03 djch vy xd hpi ca ban fro
len chiim khoang 1,6% tdng sd hp nghdo toan qudc); sd hp can nghdo Id 1.235.784 hp, chiim ty Ip 5.22%
Tdng sd hp nghdo tren dja ban 64 huy?ii nghdo theo Nghj quyit sd 30a/2008/NQ-CP
ngdy 27-12-2008, etia Chinh phu " Vi Chuang trinh ho Irpr gidm ngheo nhanh vd ben vibtg doi v&i 61 huyfn ngheo" Id 371.990 hp
(chiim ty Ip 50,43%); tdng sd hp cgn nghdo
Id 94.611 hp (chiem ty Ip 12,83%)
Ty Ip thieu hyt mirc dp tiep cgn cdc dich
vy xd hpi CO ban ciia hp nghdo tren cd nudc nhu sau: thieu hyt the bdo hiem y te (cd it nhat mpt thanh vien tir 6 tudi trd len khdng
cd the bdo hiim y ti) la 26,82%; thiiu hgt
ve tiep cgn djch vu y te (cd ngudi bj dm dau nhung khdng di khdm, cht^a bpnh tropg vdng 12 thang tinh den thdi diem dieu tra) Id 7,35%; thieu hyt trinh dp giao dye ctia ngudi ldn (cd it nhat mpt thdnh vien tir 15 tudi den dudi 30 tudi chua tdt nghipp trung hpc co so
va hipn khdng di hpc) la 20,38%; thiiu hyt
ve tinh trgng di hpc ctia tre em (cd it nh^l mpt thanh vien tir 5 din dudi 15 tudi hi^n khdng di hpc) Id 6,96%; thiiu hyt vi chdt lupng nhd d (dang d trong nha thiiu kien
cd hodc nha don so) Id 39,51%; thiiu hyt vc dipn tich nhd d (dipn tich nhd d binh qudn
Trang 4dudi 8m^/ngudi) Id 27,72%; thieu hyt ve
ngudn nudc sinh hogt (khdng dupc tiep can
ngudn nudc hpp ve sinh) la 21,80%; thieu
hyt ve hd xi/nhd tieu hpp vp sinh (khdng sii
dyng hd xi/nha rieu hpp ve sinh) la 56,14%;
thidu hyt ve sii dung dich vu vien thdng
(khdng cd thanh vien ndo sii dung thue bao
dipn thogi vd in-to-net) la 24,37%; thieu hyt
ve tai san phyc \u tiep can thdng tin (khdng
cd ti-vi, ra-di-d, mdy tinh vd khdng nghe
dupc hp thdng loa dai truyen thanh xa/thdn)
la 17,98%
Ndm 2016 ndm ddu tien tnen khai
Chuong trinh Mye rieu qudc gia giam nghdo
giai dogn 2016 - 2020, ty 1? hp ngheo ca
nudc cudi ndm gidm khoang 1,3% - 1,5%
so vdi cudi ndm 2015 (cdn khoang 8,58%
-8,38%); ty Ip hp nghdo cdc huypn ngheo
giam khoang 4% (cdn khoang 46,4%), dgt
chi tieu Qudc hpi giao
Tir thuc tiln trien khai Chucmg trinh
Thil tudng Chinh phii da ban hanh Chi thi sd
01 /CT-TTg " Ve viec tdng cuang chi dgo thuc
hifn Chuang trinh Muc tieu qudc gia gidm
ngheo ben vieng giai dogn 2016 - 2020""
Tren co sd dd nhdm tiep tye ddy mgnh thyc
hipn cac chinh sdch, giai phdp giam nghdo,
phan dau hoan thanh tnrdc thdi hgn muc tieu
vi giam ty Ip hp nghdo theo Nghi quyet Dgi
hpi XII ctia Dang dd de ra Ddng thdi thanh
lgp Ban Chi dgo thyc hipn Chuang trinh Mye
tieu qudc gia giam nghdo giai doan 2016
2020 Tgi cac dia phucmg va Bd Lao dpng
-Thuong binh vd Xd hpi - co quan thudng
tryc tgp trung chi dgo hudng ddn cdc dja
phuong trien khai cdc giai phdp co ban:
Thu nhdl day nhanh vipc hodn thien co
che, chinh sach giam ngheo theo hudng tich
hpp, thu gpn dau mdi nhdm nang cao kha
ndng tiep cgn cac djch vu \a hpi ca bdn ctia
ngudi dan hgn chd cdc chinh sach cap phat
cho khdng va chuyen sang cac chinh sach hd trp cd dieu kien, cd hoan tra; md rpng chinh sach ho trp ddi vdi hd cgn ngheo, hp mdi thoat nghdo; ldng ghep vdi viec thuc hipn 21 chuong trinh cd muc rieu cua cac bp, nganh,
CO quan trung uong trong viec thyc hien muc tieu giam ngheo ben viing gan vdi xay dyng ndng thdn mdi
Thie hai, tap trung ngudn lyc cita Chuong
trinh Muc tieu qudc gia giam ngheo ben vihig giai dogn 2016 - 2020 cho cac dja ban ngheo nhdt ciia ed nudc, dd la cdc huyen nghdo, cdc
xd, thdn, ban dae bipt khd khdn vimg dan tpc thieu sd va mien ntii de tdng cudng, edi thipn
hp thing kit cdu hg tdng thiit yiu phyc vu san xuat, sinh hoat cua ngudi dan tren dia ban, qua do ngudi dan cd the tiep can tdt han vdi cdc dieh vy xd hpi co ban, nhat la ve y te, giao dye, nha d, nudc sinh hogt va vp sinh, thdng tin; tgp huan, nang cao ndng lyc cho can bp CO sd; day mgnh ho trp ve sinh ke, tgo vipc lam, nang cao thu nhap va ddi sdng ciia ngudi ddn, timg budc thu hpp khoang cdch chenh Ipch ve mtic sdng so vdi cdc viing va
ca nudc
Thu ba, day manh phdn cap cho cac cap
dja phuong, co sd; thyc hipn giao vdn trung hgn trong ca giai doan cho cac dja phuong cdng khai, minh bach theo cac nguyen tac, tieu chi, djnh mtic phan bd vdn ngdn sdch trung uong va ty Ip vdn ddi ting cua ngan sdch dia phuong thyc hipn Chucmg trinh Mye tieu qudc gia gidm nghdo ben vung giai dogn 2016 - 2020 dupe quy djnh tai Quyit djnh so 48/2016/QD-TTg, ngay 31-10-2016, etia Thil tudng Chinh phii de cdc dja phuong chit dpng tru tien bd tri ngudn lyc ddu tu, giai quyet nhirng vdn de biic xiic nhdt tren
CO sd cd sy tham gia, de xudt, uu tien cac nhu cdu thiet yeu ciia ngudi dan; cdc bp, nganh, co quan trung uong thuc hipn vipc
Trang 5de xuat, hoan thipn khung khudn khd phdp
ly, hudng dan dia phuang td ehiic ±uc hien,
kiem tra, ddnh gid, de xudt bd sung siia ddi
CO che, chinh saeh giam ngheo phii hpp vdi
thye tien
ThO- he, md rpng va phat huy npi luc
cpng ddng, dp dung co che ddc thu nit gpn
ddi vdi mpt so dy an ddu tu cd quy md nhd,
ky thugt khdng phuc tgp, Nhd nudc hd trp
dau tu mpt phdn kinh phi, phan cdn lgi do
nhan dan ddng gdp, cd sy tham gia giam
sat ciia nhan ddn (theo quy djnh tgi Nghj
djnh so 161 /2016/ND-C P ngdy 2-12-2016,
ciia Chinh phti) Thyc hipn co ehe hd trp
tgo sinh ke cho hp ngheo, hp cgn nghdo,
hp mdi thoat ngheo thdng qua cae dy an
da dupe cde cap cd tham quyen phe duypt
dya tren quy hogch san xuat, de an chuyen
ddi CO cdu sdn xuat ciia dia phuang; hd trp
cho hp ngheo, hp cgn nghdo, hp mdi thodt
nghdo ty nguypn ddng ky tham gia cac du
an thdng qua nhdm ho, cpng ddng; ngudn
vdn th^rc hipn dy dn tti ngan sdch nha nudc,
ngudn vdn vay Ngdn hang Chinh sach xa
hpi, ngudn vdn Idng ghep thyc hipn cac
chinh sdch, chuong trinh, dy dn, ngudn
vdn ddi ling ciia hp gia dinh; thu hdi, ludn
chuyen trong cpng ddng mpt phdn chi phi
hd trp hodc vgt nudi (tir ngudn vdn ngdn
sdch nha nudc) phit hpp vdi timg dy an va
dieu kiC*n cy thi ciia timg ddi tupng dupc
ho trp, nham nhdn rpng dy an cho nhiiu hp
ngheo, hp can ngheo hp mdi thoat ngheo
khac dupc tham gia
Thir tidm, thyc hipn da dgng hda cac
ngudn vdn huy dpng de triin khai tiiuc hipn
Chuang trinh, bao dam huy dpng ddy dit,
kjp thdi theo diing co cdu dd dupc quy djnh;
tdng cudng huy dpng vdn tir ngan sach dia
phuong, cac ngudn huy dpng ddng gdp hpp
phap ctia doanh nghipp, tdi trp ciia cdc td
chiic, ca nhan trong vd ngoai nudc; vdn doi ling, tham gia ddng gdp ciia ngudi dan, doi tupng thy hudng
Thu sdu day mgnh tuyen truyen mgc
tieu giam nghdo sau rpng den mpi cdp, mpi nganh, cac tdng ldp ddn cu va ngudi ngheo nhdm thay ddi, chuyen bien nhgn thtic trong giam ngheo, khai day y chi chu dpng, vuon len thoat nghdo cita ngudi dan, tiip nhgn va sir dyng cd hipu qud chinh sdch va ngudn lyc hd trp ciia Nha nudc, cpng dong
de thoat ngheo, vuon len khd gid; phat dpng phong trao thi dua "Ca nudc chung tay vi ngudi ngheo - khdng de ai bj bd lai phia sau"; tdn vinh cac doanh nghipp, t^p the va ca nhan cd nhieu ddng gdp ve ngudn lyc, each lam hieu qud trong cdng tac giam nghdo ben vihig
De day manh hon niia vi^c thyc hipn mye tieu giam nghdo ben vihig, Bp Lao dpng -Thuong binh vd Xd hpi, Bp Thdng tin vd Truyen thdng, Hpi Nha bao Vipt Nam (H phdi hpp phat dpng cupc thi cdc tdc phdm bao chi ve cdng tdc giam ngheo giai dogn
2016 - 2020 Cupc thi nhdm phdt hipn nhiing tdm guong, dien hinh khdt vpng vuon len thoat nghdo va tir dd phd bien cac kinh nghi?m, sang kien, md hinh gidm nghdo hipu qua de phdt huy va nhan rpng; ndng cao nhgn thiic, trach nhipm ctia nhan dan, cdc cdp chinh quyen, doan the trong v i ^ ti chtic thyc hipn cdc chit truong, chinh sdch, chuong trinh giam nghdo Huy dpng sy tham gia cita cpng ddng, ddc bipt la ngudi nghdo, khoi dgy y thirc ty lyc vuan len thodt ngheo, tgo ddng thugn xd hpi ddi vdi cdng tac gidm ngheo, day mgnh vipc thdng tin vi chti truang, dudng ldi, chinh sdch, phdp lugt cua Nha nudc vi giam nghdo theo phong trao "Ca nudc chung tay vi ngudi ngheo -Kiidng de ai bj bd Igi phia sau".a