Tir khoa: Chinh sdch, Thyc thi chinh sach, Binh dang gidi, Phu nu tham gia quan ly cong Theo UNDP 2012 ve ddnh gia khung chinh sach d Viet Nam cho thdy, ViitNam cd khung phap ly an tugng
Trang 1Khoang trong giji-a chinh sach va
thyc thi chinh sach binh ding gioi
(Nghien cu'u trvcmg hop phu nir tham gia quan ly cong)
Dgng Thi Anh Tuyet" '
Phan Thu^n'"'
va Le Thj Nga'"''
Tdm tat: Muc dich cua bdi viit la phdn tich khodng trong gida chinh sdch vd thuc thi chinh sdch ve binh ddng gi&i trong qudn ly cong Bdng phuang phap tong quan nghien cim ldi lieu, bdi viet chi ro rdng, Chinh phu Viit Nam da no luc rdi l&n trong viec ban hdnh cdc chinh sdch vd vdn bdn huang ddn thuc thi chinh sdch; nh& do da tao ra mpt khung phdp ly khd vdng chdc ddm bdo quyen cho phg nU tham gia qucin ly cong Tuy nhien thuc te vdn con khodng trong giira chinh sdch va thuc thi chinh sdch binh ddng giai trong ITnh vuc ndy do let khodng trong vi chinh sdch va ihuc thi chinh sdch dao tgo boi du&ng, quy hogch, bo nhiem S&dinhu vgy Id vi, trong qud trinh thuc thi, chinh sdch vdn con chiu dnh hu&ng tir nhieu nguyen nhdn khdch quan vd chu quan
Tir khoa: Chinh sdch, Thyc thi chinh sach, Binh dang gidi, Phu nu tham gia quan ly cong
Theo UNDP (2012) ve ddnh gia khung
chinh sach d Viet Nam cho thdy, ViitNam
cd khung phap ly an tugng, dgc biet la h?
thdng xdy dung gidm sat thyc hien cdc
vdn bdn hudng ddn Mac du vdy, he thong
vdn ban ndy it cd cdc quy dmh vl viec
chiu trdch nhiem khi khdng thuc hien nghi
quyet hogc khdng dgt chi tieu (UNDP,
2012a; 12) Hon nfla, khi dpc cdc tdi lieu
'*' PGS.TS Hpc vien Chinh trj Quic gia Ho Chi
Minh; Email: tuyetwippa@gmail.com
'"' ThS., Hoc vien Chinh trj khu virc IV; Email:
phanthuanhv4@yahoo.com
'*"' CN., Hgc vi?n Chinh trj khu v^rc IV;
vdn ban phdp ly quy dinh ve binh dang gidi, ngudi ta thay rang cac co quan "dugc yeu cau" thuc hien cac chinh sach, nhung lgi khdng cd cac bien phdp chiu trach nhi^m Thdi gian gdn ddy Chinh phu Viet Nam da ban hanh mpt so nghi dmh c6 the tao ra sy khac biet trong ITnh virc ndy Song, hieu qud ho trg tang cudng lanh dgo
nu thdng qua viec thyc hien cac nghi dinh vin chua dugc danh gia, chua cd cdc sdng
kiln khuyin khich dh ghi nhdn cac co
quan, bp ngdnh thyc hien cac chinh sach
va dgt dugc chi tieu Nhin chung, khung chinh sdch, phap ludt d Viet Nam vl binh ddng gidi mgnh vl nhilu nghTa; song c6
Trang 2khoang cdch ldn can trd Chinh phu ddm
bdo ty le dai dien binh dang cua phu nfl
(UNDP, 2012a; 14) Thyc t l cho thdy,
viec ban hanh va thyc thi chinh sdch vl
binh dang gidi trong dd cd binh ddng gidi
yong ITnh vuc quan ly cdng vdn cdn
nhflng khoang trdng nhdt dinh Trong gidi
hgn cua bai tgp chi, chung toi chi ra mdt
sd khoang trdng co ban gifla chinh sdch
vdi thuc hien chinh sdch binh ddng gidi
trong linh vyc quan ly cdng nhu sau:
Khoang trong gifla chinh sach vol thuc
thi chinh sach quy hoach, bo nhifm can
bp nfl
Theo danh gia cua UNDP v l khung
phap ly ve binh ddng gidi, Viet Nam cd he
thdng phdp ly va khudn kh5 chinh sach vl
binh ddng gidi khd vflng chac (UNDP,
2012b: 7) Dilu ndy dugc thi hien d quan
diem chi dao ciia Dang Cdng san Viet
Nam, xdc dinh tgi Dai hpi ldn thfl XI
rang, can "lam tot cong tdc quy hogch va
tao ngudn cdn bO chu y cdn bd tre, nu,
ddn t0c thieu so, chuyen gia tren cac ITnh
vuc; xay dyng quy hogch can bg cdp chiln
luoc" (Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, 2011)
Tuy nhien Dang Cpng sdn Viet Nam
cung ddnh gia kha khdch quan tgi Dgi hdi
Dang lan thfl XII rdng, cdng tdc quy
hogch d mdt sd noi cdn khep kin, chua
bao ddm sy lien thdng, gdn ket Ty le cdn
bp lanh dgo va cap uy la ngudi dan tdc
thieu sd, cdn bg nfl, cdn bg tre, viec ludn
chuyen bd tri mdt sd ehflc danh can bp
ldnh dgo khdng la ngudi dia phuong thuc
hien chua dgt yeu cdu (Dang Cpng sdn
Viet Nam, 2016) Theo dd tgi Dgi hgi
Dang ldn thu Xil, Dang Cpng sdn Viet
Nam nhdn mgnh: phdi "tang ty le phu nu
tham gia vdo cap uy va bd mdy qudn ly
nha nudc" (Ddng C5ng sdn Viet Nam,
2016) De phdt huy nhung kit qua dgt dugc va khdc phuc nhflng hgn che trong viec thyc hien binh dang gidi flong qudn
ly cdng, cung tgi Dgi hpi Ddng ldn thfl XII, Ddng Cgng san Viet Nam xdc dinh
rd, can ddi mdi bdu cfl trong Dang, phuong thflc tuyen chgn, bo nhiem cdn bp, de lua chgn nhimg ngudi cd ban ITnh chinh tri vflng vang phdm chat dao dflc tdt, ndng ddng, ddm nghT, dam lam, dam chiu trdch nhiem gifl cac vi tri ldnh dgo, ddc biet la ngudi dflng ddu Tap trung xay dyng ddi ngu cdn bp, nhdt la dpi ngu can bg cap chien luge, dii nang luc va phdm chat, ngang tdm nhiem vu
Cd CO che, chinh sdch phdt hien, thu hiit, sfl dung nhan tai
Tren tinh thdn nghi quyet cua Dgi hdi Ddng, cdc chinh sdch, phdp lugt dam bao
sy tham gia lanh dgo, qudn ly cua phu nfl trong ITnh vyc cong dugc ban hanh Do id Hien phdp nam 2013; Ludt Binh ddng gidi nam 2007; Chuang trinh hdnh dpng cua Chinh phu ve cong tac phu nfl thdi k^* cong nghiep hda, hien dgi hda den nam
2020 (dugc thdng qua thang 12/2009); Chien luge qude gia ve binh ddng gidi 2011-2020 va Chuong trinh qude gia ve binh ddng gidi 2011-2015; cac quyet dinh
va nghi quyet ve vai trd va trdch nhiem efla cdc bd vd co quan; he thdng giam sat cdc vdn ban hudng dan (UNDP 2012a)
Mac dil vgy tren thyc te, sy tham gia cua phu nfl yong ITnh vyc cdng, dgc biet phu nfl tham gia qudn ly cong d cdc cdp cdn rat hgn che (Vuong Thi Hanh, 2007; Dgng Thi Anh Tuyet, 2016) Dieu nay dugc the hien rd tfl nhiing bang chflng thyc
te rdng, vdn con co sy khdc biet giua nam
va nfl khi de cap den vice hd trg phu nfl trong ITnh vuc quan ly cdng Ty le phu nfl
Trang 3tham gia vao cac vj tri lanh dgo quan ly
cdp Trung uong tdng ien nhung thieu tinh
bin vflng Dilu do cd the nhin thay qua ty
le nfl tham gia Quoc hdi cdc khda Trong
dd, ty le nu tham gia Qude hpi khda V
(1971-1975) chilm ty 1^ cao nhat
(32,31%) nhung ty le ndy khdng dn dinh
va bien dpng d cac nhiem ky tiep theo cua
Quic hpi Hieu flng "nam trudng, nu pho"
van cdn hien him ttong he thdng chinh tri
cac cap So vdi nam gidi thi ty le cdn bp
nfl giu ehflc danh chu tich d cac cdp
chinh quyen dia phuang cdn rdt thap
Nhu vay, khung phdp Iy ludn dam bdo
day du quyin cua phu nfl trong cong tac
quy hogch, b l nhiem; song yong qud trinh
thyc thi chinh sdch nay dudng nhu cdn
cdn b l nhiem, quy hogch thudng co xu
hudng thien ve nam gidi Dieu nay da tgo
ra khodng trdng gifla chinh sdch va thuc
thi chinh sach quy hogch, bd nhiem, dl roi
phu nu ludn gap bdt lgi trong bo tri cdc vi
tri chu chdt
Khoang trdng giu'a chinh sdch vdi thu-c
thi chinh sach dao tao, boi du'o'ng doi vdi
can b6
nu-D I tgo "sdn chai" cdng bdng giua
nam gidi vd phu nfl trong ITnh vyc qudn
ly cdng - ITnh vyc dudng nhu cdn cdn
thudng c6 xu hudng thien lfch ve nam
gidi, Ddng Cpng sdn Viet Nam da xac
dinh tgi Dgi hgi Idn thu XI rang, cdn
"nang cao chdt lugng cdng tdc dao tgo, boi
dudng cdn bp; khdc phuc tinh trang chay
theo bdng cdp (Dang Cgng sdn Viet Nam,
'*' S6 li^u ciia Trung uang Hpi lien Hi?p phy nQ
ttr 3,13% nhi^m ky 2006-2011 xu6ng con 1,59%
trong nhi§m ky 2011-2016 Trong khi d6, vj tri
ndy a cdp huy^n vk xa c6 tang Ifin vdi ty l§ tuong
Ihig la (3,62% len 4.71% va 3,42% len 5,61%)
2011) Trudc dd Chinh phu cung dd ban hdnh Nghi quylt sd 57/NQ-CP ve chuang trinh hanh ddng cua chinh phu giai dogn den 2020 thuc hien Nghi quyet so I I -NQ/TW cua Bd Chinh yj vl Cong tdc phu nfl thdi ky ddy mgnh cdng nghiep hda, hien dgi hda ddt nudc da dugc ban hdnh ngay 27/4/2007 Nghi quyet neu rd rang, ndng cao vi the cua phu nfl yong mgi ITnh vuc cua cuoc sdng thdng qua tang cudng
sy tham gia lanh dao vd quan ly cua phu nfl; thyc hien nguyen tdc binh ddng gifla nam va nu; ldng ghep co che, chinh sach
cu the ve dp tudi trong quy hogch, ddo tgo
bo nhiem ddi vdi cdn bp, cdng ehflc nfl Th6ng qua cac hdnh ddng cu the nhu sau: Tang cudng co hdi tiep can gido due vd ddo tgo, y te, phdp ludt cho phu nfl va tre
em gdi; Xdy dyng va thuc hien chuong trinh ddo tgo can bd nfl
Cac nghien cflu cua Truang Thi Thdng (2014) va Dang Thi Anh Tuyet (2016) cho thdy, cac tieu chi tham gia tap hudn, dao tao bao gdm tuoi va sd ndm cdng tdc cua can bd va trong mpt s6 trudng hgp Id mflc lucmg Tuoi dugc coi
la mdt tieu chi vi mdt can bg cang gdn tuoi nghi huu thi mong mudn boi dudng can
bd cang gidm Khi tuoi nghi huu khong cdng bdng, thi dieu kien tuoi tham gia tap hudn, dao tgo cung khdng cdng bang Thyc tiin la, chi nam gidi dudi 40 tudi va nfl gidi dudi 35 tudi du dilu kien tham gia cac khda bdi dudng hdnh chinh vd chinh trj hodc hpc tap d nudc ngodi Hon nua, nam vd nfl chi du dilu kien tham gia cac khda bdi dudng va tu nghiep sau 3-5 ndm lam viec Do dd, nam gidi se co nhieu ca hpi dugc chpn tham gia bdi dudng hon do tinh chi phi hieu qua cao hem vi hp cd thdi gian idm viec tilm nSng ddi hem Ket qua
Trang 4nghien cflu cua Dang Thj Anh Tuylt
(2016) cho thdy, cd 81,0% cho rdng
"cac cdp lanh dgo thudng uu tien chpn
nam gidi quy hogch, dao tgo"; chua tdi 14
tong sd ngudi dugc hdi cho rang, phu nu
CO nhieu ca hdi dugc hgc tap Trong dd,
CO hem 14 tdng sd ngudi dugc hoi cho
rdng, phu nfl it va rdt it cd co hdi ddo tgo
chuyen mon d nudc ngodi Tuy nhien, co
hgi bdi dudng chuyen mon, ky nang tin
hgc va ngogi ngu thi phu nu cd ca hpi
nhieu hem mpt chut
Nhu vgy, phu nfl thudng chu ylu co
CO hpi tham gia cdc khda bii dudng ngdn
ngay, trong khi dd, ca hpi dao tgo, ddc
biet ddo tao chuyen m6n d nudc ngodi la
khan hiem ddi vdi can bd nfl Bang chung
nay da cho thdy, cd khoang trdng gifla
chinh sach va thuc thi chinh sach ddi vdi
CO hdi dao tao ciia cdn bg nfl Chinh dieu
nay da tgo ra rdo can ddi vdi phu nfl trong
ITnh vuc quan ly cdng hien nay
Nguyen nhan tao ra khoang tring giua
chinh sach vdi thirc thi chinh sach binh
dang gidi trong quan Iy cdng
Viec thuc thi chinh sdch hinh ddng
gi&i chua nghiem
Thuc thi chinh sdch ve binh ddng gidi
cd y nghTa quan trpng nham dam bao co
hpi ngang nhau cho cd nam va nu tham
gia vdo cdc hogt ddng cua ddi sdng xa hpi
Bdi le, viec thuc thi chinh sdch se dua cac
chu truang, chinh sdch vdo ddi sdng, dam
bao quyin lgi cua ngudi dan Dieu nay
dugc the hien trong ddnh gid cua UNDP
rang, nguyen nhdn khien cho cac muc tieu
binh dang gidi trong quan ly cdng hien
nay khdng phdi Id do thieu lugt vd chinh
sdch binh ddng gidi, md van de d ch6 thyc
thi chinh sach (UNDP, 2012b: 8) Do dd,
viec thyc thi chinh sdch ve binh ddng gidi
se dnh hudng den co hpi phat triln cua phu nfl vd nam gidi
Nghien cuu cua Le Thi Bich Tuyin (2014) da dua ra bdng chflng rdng, cd 84,3% cdn bd dugc hdi cho rdng viec thieu cdc bien phdp va ngudn lyc du manh kip thdi de thyc hien chinh sach lien quan den binh ddng gidi la rdo cdn rat nghiem trpng vd kha nghiem ypng ddi vdi sy tham gia cua phu nu yong qudn ly cdng cdp tinh
d Ddng Thap Ngodi ra, co 59,0% can bp cho rang, thieu cac che tdi can thiet de thyc thi cdc quy dinh ve gidi cung Id rdo cdn nghiem trpng doi vdi phu nfl khi tham gia ldnh dgo, quan ly Ddng thdi, tinh chju ydch nhiem cua chu the vdn con hgn che Cling chinh la rao cdn doi vdi phu nu trong qudn ly cong Ket qua nghien cflu cua Tran Thi Kim Lien (2015) d An Giang ciing CO ket ludn tuong tu rang, viec thieu cdc bien phap va ngudn lyc, thiet che bdo ddm binh dang gidi la rao cdn doi vdi sy tham gia ciia phu nfl yong he thong chinh tri cap huyen Ket qud nghien cflu cua Ddng Thi Anh Tuyet (2016) ciing cho thay, CO 43,5% cho rdng "thieu cdc bien phap vd nguon lyc du mgnh, kip thdi de thuc hien chinh sach" la rdo can nghiem trpng va rat nghiem trgng ddi vdi su tham gia ldnh dao, qudn Iy cua phu nfl
Nhu vdy, cac bdng chflng nghien cuu
d cdc bdi canh khdc nhau nhung co ket luan kha thdng nhdt rdng, viec thieu vang cac cdng cu dam bdo chinh sdch ve gidi trong ddi sdng chinh tri cd dnh hudng rdt ldn den ca hgi tham gia quan ly cdng cua phu nfl trong he thdng chinh tri cdc cap hien nay Chinh vi the, de thuc ddy phu nfl tham gia lanh dgo, quan ly, cdn bo sung nhirng che tai dam bao quyen tham chinh cua phu nu
Trang 5Thiiu SIC thong nhdt gida quyit tdm
chinh Iri cua cdp Hy Ddng, chinh quyen
dia phuang v&i nhgn thiec cua cpng dong
ve ldng cu&ng tham gia lanh dgo, qudn ly
cua phu nd
Cap fly vd ngudi dflng ddu eo quan cd
vai yd quan trgng ddi vdi sy thuc day phu
nfl tham gia ldnh dao, quan ly hien nay
Nghien cflu cua Trdn Thj Vdn Anh (2010)
cho thdy, ngudi dflng dau trong he thong
ehinh tri hoac eo quan, don vi cd quan tdm
den binh ddng gidi thi con dudng tham gia
chinh trj cua cdn bd nfl se it gian nan hem
va ca hdi tham chinh cdng dugc ddm bdo
Ngodi ra, phdi cd sy ung hg, tao dieu kien
tfl cpng ddng xa hdi, tfl phia gia dinh va
sy n6 Iuc cua bdn thdn ngudi phu nfl mdi
dam bao ddy du cac yeu to cho phu nfl
khdng dinh vai trd gidi trong chinh trj
Mpt nghien cflu khdc d thdnh pho Cdn
Tho (Vu Thi Thu Hiln, 2016) cung da chi
ra rdng, phy nfl gap khong it trd nggi ma
nguyen nhan chu quan do mgt sd cap iiy
vd chinh quyin dia phuong chua coi ygng
cong tac cdn bp nu, thieu tin tudng vao
khd ndng cua can bO nfl, nggi tuyen dung
nu; thieu su chi dgo quylt liet flong viec
trien khai Chi thi, Nghi quyet ve cdng tdc
cdn bd nu d dia phucmg Nhu vay, sy
thieu quylt tdm trong nhgn thflc, hanh
ddng cua cac cap uy Dang, chinh quyen,
dodn the co sd da tac ddng den viec phat
huy vai trd, khd ndng cua phu nfl tham gia
quan Iy cdng
Su hdt cap cUa chinh sdch ve tuoi
nghi huu cua phu nic
Theo quy dinh cua phap ludt hien
hdnh d Viet Nam, viec thuc hien chi do
huu tri cho cdn bg nam vd nu chenh lech 5
trong qud trinh phdn ddu Cung theo do la edc quy dinh Hen quan den tudi quy hogch, dao tgo, bdi dudng, de cfl, bo nhiem, deu xudt phdt tu chenh lech tudi nghi huu Viec thyc hien chi do him fli cho can bp nam va nu hien nay cd su phdn biet, chenh lech 5 ndm, mpt mat, chinh sdch do nhdm tao dieu kien de phu nfl c6 them thdi gian nghi ngoi va chdm soc sflc khoe; mat khac, nd dang Id mpt rdo can Idn ddi vdi phu nfl trong qud flinh phan dau vao cac vi tri cdng tde Cd the noi quy dmh tuli la mdt trong nhung nhdn t l quan trpng yong cdc chinh sach vd thuc tien hien hdnh, gidi han co hpi sy nghiep
vd thdng tien cua phu nfl Day cung Id mpt thyc te khien sd lugng can bd nfl tham gia vao cac vi tri quan trgng trong ldnh dao, qudn ly cong thap hon nam gidi nhieu Do
dd, chinh sdch quy dinh tudi nghi huu dd
d l Igi he qua la se gay khdng it kho khan trong cdng tac quy hoach dao tgo, sfl dung cdn bd nfl Cd the ndi, day cung la nguyen nhdn lam hgn che co hdi dao tgo, boi duong, quy hogch vd bo nhiem cua can bp nfl hien nay
Cpng dong chua ddnh gid cao ve phu nic
Trong nhung ndm gan day, dgc biet sau khi LuEit Binh ddng gidi ban hdnh, nhdn thflc vl gidi, quyen cua phu nfl trong dpi ngu cdn bg d co sd dugc nang mpt cdch ro rdng, nhd dd, da gop phan tich cue vdo thyc thi cd hieu qua chien luge binb dang gidi (Nguyen Dinh Tdn va cgng su, 2010) Tuy nhien, trong xd hpi vdn cdn nhiing tu tudng thien kiln, hep hdi, thilu ty tin vdo khd ndng cua phu nfl, cdn dinh kiln trong cong tdc danh gia cdn bd (Ngdn hang Thi gidi, 2006: 37) Do chinh la rdo cdn ldn nhdt din qua trinh phdn ddu cua phu nfl yong ITnh vuc quan ly cdng hien nay
Trang 6Thay ldi ket
Nhu vdy, nghien cflu v l thuc thi chinh
sdch binh dang gidi cho thdy rdng, Viet
Nam dd cd mdt khung phdp ly khd ddy du
de dam bao quyen cho phu nfl tham gia
qudn Iy cdng Nhd dd phu nfl da ddn dugc
khdng dinh vi the vai trd cua minh trong
ITnh vyc nay thdng qua sd lugng va chdt
lugng tham gia vao viec ra cdc quylt sdch
quan trgng ddi vdi su phdt triln bin vflng
cua xa hdi Mgc du vdy, cac bdng chflng
nghien cflu trudc day dd cho thdy, viec
thyc thi chinh sdch binh ddng gidi ndi
chung, binh dang gidi trong ITnh vyc qudn
ly cong ndi rieng cdn khdng it bdt cgp vd
tgo ra nhieu khodng trdng nhu khoang
trdng giua chinh sach vd thuc thi chinh
sach trong cdng tac ddo tgo, bdi dudng;
cong tac quy hoach, bd nhiem Chinh
dieu do da khien cho sy tham gia cua phu
nu trong qudn ly cdng chua thdt su bin
vflng; hieu flng "nam trudng, nfl pho" vdn
con hien huu; phu nfl thich hgp hon trong
hogt dpng doan the; su tham gia ra quyet
sdch d mpt sd ITnh vuc nhu tai chinh, an
ninh chinh trj, cdn hgn chi Khoang
trong nay dugc tao ra tfl nhung nguyen
nhdn lien quan din cdc bien phap thuc thi
chua du mgnh, nhdn thflc cua cdp uy ve
binh ddng gidi cdn hgn che vd cac nguyen
nhan khdc xuat phdt tfl bdn than phu nfl,
cdng ddng, mdi trudng md hg dang sinh
sdng Tfl do, nghien cflu ggi y nhirng gidi
phap nham nang cao hieu qua thyc thi
chinh sdch binh ddng gidi trong thdi gian
tdi, gdp phan gidi quyet mpt each thda
dang ve viec dam bao quyen tham chinh
ciia phu nu trong he thdng chinh trj d Viet
Nam, dd la:
Thie nhdt, tdng cu&ng su cam ket
nhung ngudi dflng ddu trong viec lanh dgo, chi dao va thuc hien binh ddng gidi
va tien bd cua phu nfl ludn ddng vai trd then chdt
Thie hai, cdn co su cu the hoa cua viic cam kit thi hien qua cdc ke hogch hdnh dpng vd viic lam cu thi doi v&i su tham chinh cua phu nic
Thie ba, cdn chii trgng din cong tdc quy hogch doi ngd cdn bp ldnh dgo, qudn
ly la nic (tgo ngudn, ddo tao, b l tri su
dung) Trong cac chinh sach ve cdng tdc can bg, chinh sdch quy hoach, ddo tao va bdi dudng cua cac bg, ban, nganh da quan tam den can bp nfl nhieu hem
Thd tu, cdn co su linh hogt trong viec
dp dung cdc bien phdp thUc day binh ddng gi&i: Mdt sd bd ban, nganh da dp dung
linh hogt cac quy dinh ve tuoi, dieu kien tham gia dao tao; Hd trg nhung khoan kinh phi nhdt djnh cho cdn bd nfl tham gia dao tgo boi dudng ddi han; Tuyen truyen van dpng, dpng vien can bd nfl tham gia hgc tap, boi dudng
Thti ndm, tdng cu&ng cong tdc kiem tra, gidm sdt viic thttc hien cong tdc cdn
bp nd: Thuc te cho thdy cdng tac nay
chua sdt sao, chua kjp thdi, chua de ra dugc nhihig bien phap mgnh co tinh rang budc de cdc don vj trien khai thyc hien hieu qua Cac ca quan cd trdch nhiem ve binh dang gidi can tdng cudng cdng tac kiem tra, giam sat, danh gid va tdng ket viec thuc hien cac chi tieu lien quan den cdng tac can bd nfl, ty le nfl tham gia lanh dgo, qudn ly Kinh nghiem cho thay
d cdc CO quan lam tdt cdng tdc kiem tra, gidm sat thi hieu qud cdng tac can bd nu
vd ty le nfl tham gia ldnh dgo cd xu hudng
Trang 7Tdi lieu tham khao
1 Trdn Thj Van Anh (2010), Bdo cao
Kit qud nghien ciiu dinh tinh ve nd
ldnh dgo khu vuc nha nu&c & Viet
Nam, Ha Npi
2 Dang C0ng san Viet Nam (2011), Vdn
kien dgi hpi Ddng todn quoc ldn thu:
XI, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, HaNdi
3 Vuong Thj Hanh (2007), "Phu nfl Viet
Nam va viSc tham gia chinh trj", Tap
chi Nghien ctiu Gia dinh va Gi&i, sd 3,
tr 16-25
4 Vu Thj Thu Hiln (2016), 5u-//iam g/a
ldnh dgo, qudn ly ciia phg nU Irong he
thong chinh tri cdp ca s& thdnh pho
Cdn Tha, Luan van Thac sT Chu nghTa
xd h6i khoa hpc, Hgc vi?n Chinh fli
Qude gia Ho Chi Minh, Ha Ndi
5 Trdn Thj Kim Lien (2015), Su tham
gia ldnh dgo, qudn ly cua phu nd
trong h? thong chinh tri cdp huyen cUa
tinh An Giang, Bdo cao nghien cflu de
tai cdp CO sd, Dgi hgc An Giang
6 Ngan hdng Thi gidi, Ngan hang Phdt
yiln chdu A, GIDA (2006), Ddnh gid
tinh hinh gi&i & Viet Nam, Hd Ngi
7 Nguyen Dinh Tdn va cdng sy (2010)
Vai tro cda dpi ngU cdn bp ca s& doi v&i thuc thi chinh sdch binh ddng gi&i, Nxb Chinh tr; quoc gia,
HdNOi
8 Truong Thi Thdng (2014), Su tiin bp nghe nghiep ciia cdn bg nU trong ca quan Ddng, Nha nu&c, Dy an dieu tra,
Hgc vien Chinh trj Quoc gia Ho Ghi Minh, Ha Npi
9 Le Thi Bich Tuyin (2014), Sii tham gia ldnh dgo, qudn ly ciia phu nU cdp tinh & Dong Thdp, Luan van Thgc sT
Xa hdi hgc, Hgc vien Chinh tri Quoc gia Hd Chi Minh
10 D§ng Thi Anh Tuylt (2016), Phu nU tham gia lanh dgo, qudn ly cong, De
tai nghien cflu cdp bp, Hpc vien Chinh tri Qude gia Hd Chi Minh, Ha Npi
11 UNDP (2012a), Su tham gia ciia phu nie trong vai trd lanh dgo vd qudn ly a ViitNam, HaNdi
12 UNDP (2012b), NH dgi biiu Qude hpi
& Viet Nam Hu&ng l&i tuang lai
Ha Ngi