Ben cgnh nhieng thdnh tuu dgt dwgc nhu: phong trdo xdy dung "Gia dinh van hda " ngdy cdng nhdn rgng, cdc chuc ndng VHGB dugc ddm bdo thyc hiin va cd nhieu tien bd— thi vdn ton tgi nhiiu
Trang 1l - M - l T«P CHi KHOA HQC JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
ISSN; KHOA HQC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES
1859-3100 TJp 14, S6 2 (2017): 158-170 V „ l ,4 f^ j gom 158170
Email- lapcltikhaihodgliamie.eduvn: tfebstle: hnpMckh.hcmue edu.vn
\JTH\rC TRANG XAY DV*NG VAN HOA GIA DINH
6 THANH PHO HO CHI MINH HIEN NAY
Nguyin Kiiu Tiin
Ngiy Tda so^n nt)$n tJUpc b^r 03-11-2016: ngiy phin bi^n d^nh gii- 21-11-2016 ngdy chip nh$n OSng- 22-02-2017
TOM T A T
Bdi bdo di cap thyc trgng xdy dyng vdn hda gia dinh (VHGB) d Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh (TPHCM) trong nhdng ndm gdn day Ben cgnh nhieng thdnh tuu dgt dwgc nhu: phong trdo xdy dung "Gia dinh van hda " ngdy cdng nhdn rgng, cdc chuc ndng VHGB dugc ddm bdo thyc hiin va
cd nhieu tien bd— thi vdn ton tgi nhiiu hgn che nhu: tinh trgng bgo lyc gia dinh, ti 10 li hdn cao ,
do do, viec xdy dyng VHGB a TPHCM Id rdt quan trgng vd cdp thiit
Tit khda: gia dinh, v^n hda, van hda gia dinh, Thanh phd Ho Chi Minh
ABSTRACT
The reality of building family culture in Ho Chi Minh City
The article discusses the reality of building family culture in Ho Chi Minh City in recent years Besides achievements such as the widespread movement of buiding "Civilized family", committed civilized family fuctions and progresses, there are still some shortcomings such as damily violence, high divorce rate, etc.; thus, building family culture in Ho Chi Minh City is essential and urgent
Keywords: femily, culture, family culture Ho Chi Minh City
1 Mddau quan hf gifta cae thanh vien trong GD va
Trong tien trinh lich sft nhdn logi, gia gifta GD vdi bdn ngodi VHGD gift vi tri dinh (GD) cd mdt vi tri va vai trd dgc bift quan trpng trong su phdt trien xa hfi; do
"GD Id te bao cfta xd hdi Id cdi ndi than do, xay dung VHGD cd y nghTa chiln lupc ydu nudi duSng cd ddi ngudi, la mdi ddi vdi su phdt triln chimg ciia moi quic trudng quan trpng giao dye nep sing va gia, trong dd cd Vift Nam
hinh thdnh nhan edch" [3, tr.233] GD cdn TPHCM vdi vi tri Id trung tdm kinh
la noi tidp nl^n, ke thfta vd chuyen giao te, chinh tri, vdn hda ldn ciia cd nude Sy nhiing gia tri truyen thong cua dan tpc tft phdt tridn cua Thdnh p h i (TP) ddng gdp rat thi ndy sang thi hf khdc GD Id cai glc cua ldn cho su phdt triln chung cfta cd nude, con ngudi, con ngudi bdt ddu tft GD; do Trong nhftng ndm qua, cdng tdc xdy dyng
do, vdn hda con ngudi cung bdt ddu tft VHGD d TP dd dgt nhilu thdnh tyu nhdt
VHCJD vd mang dam ddu dn cfta VHGD dinh, GB ngdy cdng tien bp ve nhilu m§t
VHGD Id nen tang cua vdn hda con Tuy nhien, nhieu hgn chl vdn cdn tdn tgi ngudi, vdn hda xa hpi VHGD chi phoi mdi trong qud trinh xdy dyng VHGD, trd thanh
• Tru'6'ng Dgi hpc Sir phgm TPHCM; Email: nguyenkieutien90@gmail.com
Trang 2Nguyin Kieu Tien
can lyc cho sy phdt triln GD, phdt ttiln cfta
TP Do do, xdy dyng VHGD d TPHCM
hifn nay Id vdn de cdp thidt
2 Quan nifm vl van hda gia dinh
Hifn nay, dd cd nhieu each hilu,
each li gidi khdc nhau ve khdi nifm "vdn
hda gia dinh" tfty theo gdc df tiep c ^ cfta
tftng ngudi, tftng bf mdn khoa hpc Tuy
nhidn, cd thi ndi: "VHGD la mpt dang ddc
thu cfta vdn hda xd hpi bao gom tdng thi
cac gid tri, chuan myc, cdeh hdnh xft cfta
xa hfi md cdc thanh vidn cfta GD cftng tidp
nhgn de ftng xft vdi nhau trong GD vd
ngodi xd hfi" [4, tr.261-262]
3 Thyx tr^ng xay dung van hda gia
duih d TPHCM hifn nay
3.1 Nhitng thdnh tuu trong xdy dvmg
VHGD d TPHCM
(i) Phong trdo "Todn ddn dodn kit xdy
dyng ddi sdng vdn hda " vd phong trdo xdy
dung "GD vdn hda " dgt dugrc nhiiu thdnh
tyu vd ngdy cang nhdn rgng
Mft trong nhiing thdnh tyu ldn trong
xdy dyng VHGD d TPHCM phdi kl din
ddu tien dd Id kit qud cua phong trdo
"Todn dan dodn ket xay dyng ddi song vdn hda" Cung nhu cac tinh thdnh khdc trong
ca nude, vdn de VHGD ludn dupe Ddng bp TPHCM quan tdm xdy dyng Sau hon 20 ndm trien khai thuc hifn cupc v|in dpng
"Todn dan dodn kit xay dyng ddi sing vdn hda d khu ddn cu" (1995-2016) vd hon 15 ndm phong trdo "Todn ddn dodn kit xay dyng ddi sdng vdn hda" (2000-2016) tt^n dia bdn TPHCM da phdt triln deu khdp vd lan tda din tgn co sd; nhieu md hinh mdi, nhilu gidi phdp hay tft thyc tidn phong trdo dupe nhdn rfng [12]
Trong phong trdo "Todn ddn doan kit xdy dyng ddi song vdn hda", phong trdo xdy dyng "GD vdn hda" ludn gift vi tri cdt ldi, nln tdng, chi phdi hdu hit cdc tieu
chuan vdn hda khdc d gdc df GD Phong
trao xdy dyng GD vdn hda cua TP dd thu hftt ddng ddo cac cdp, ngdnh, tdng ldp nhan ddn tham gia Trong nhftng ndm qua, cufc vdn dfng ndy dd dgt nhieu thdnh tyu to ldn, dupe phdn dnh qua sd lifu cfta Ban chi dgo todn dan xdy dyng ddi sing van hda d co
sd nhu Bang 1 sau ddy:
Bdng 1 S6 hg GB dgt danh hieu "GD van hda " (2008-2013)
Nim
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
S6 h$ ding ki 1.111.397 1.144.711 1.171.967 1.221.381 1.230.445 1.281.087
Sb h$ dft
974.971 1.015.553 1.052.379 1.088.982 1.122.044 1.166.764
Ngudn:[9]
Trang 3Ngoai phong trdo xdy dyng "GD vdn
hda", cdn cd rdt nhieu cufc vdn dpng dupe
thyc hifn ling ghep nhu: cupc v§n dfng
"xdy dyng GD 5 khdng, 3 sgch" (khdng ddi
nghdo, khdng cd ngudi vi pham phdp lugt
va tf nan xa hpi, khdng cd bgo lyc GD,
khdng sinh con thft ba, khdng cd tre suy
dinh dudng vd bd hpc; sgch nhd, sgch bep,
sgch ngd) Thdng qua cdc cudc vgn ddng
nay, VHGD d TPHCM dd dgt dupe nhftng
chuyin biln tich cue v l nhidu ni|it
Ngoai ra, TP cdn day manh thyc hifn
cdc d l dn truyln thdng cua Thft tudng
Chinh phu va Bf Vdn hda The thao vd Du
Uch: Dd dn "Tuyen truyln, gido dye dao
dftc lli sdng trong GD Vift Nam" giai
dogn 2010 - 2020; Ndng cao chdt lupng
hogt dfng d 10 dp thupc xa Nhon Dftc vd
xd Phft Xudn, huydn Nhd Be; ftng dyng npi
dung tuydn truyen cfta de dn vdo hogt ddng
dia phuong Thyc hifn long ghep vdi npi
dung D I dn "Gido dye 5 trifu bd mp nudi
dgy con tot": tuydn truyln d co sd nfi dung
tdi lifu "Giao tiep iing xft vdn hda trong
ddi sing GD" va "Giftp cha m? nudi dgy
con tit" (ddnh cho cha mp cd con Ifta tudi
vi thdnh nidn) [ U ]
Nhu v^y, thanh tyu trong qud trinh
thyc hifn phong trdo "Todn ddn dodn kit
xdy dyng ddi sdng vdn hda" ma trpng tam
Id phong trdo "GD vdn hda" gdp phdn Iam
cho cdng cufc xdy dyng VHGD d TPHCM
dgt nhieu thdnh qua t i t dpp, dung dinh
hudng, vfta gift gin nhihig gid tri tot dep
cfta truyen thing vfta tilp thu nhftng gid tri
hifn dgi Cd the thdy cdc tidu chl de dgt GD
vdn hda Id nhiing chudn myc ca bdn nhdt cfta VHGD
(ii) Cd nhieng ddi mdi trong mdi quan
hi gida cdc thdnh viin trong GD
GD Id mft xa hpi thu nhd, trong dd tdn tgi nhidu mdi quan hf gifta cdc thanh vien nhu quan hf gifta vp chlng, gifta bl
mp vd con cdi, gifta anh - chi - em d TPHCM, GD hgt nhdn la kilu GD phi bien, do dd hai mdi quan hf ddng chu y nhdt la mdi quan hf vp chdng; cl^ m? -con cai
Dilm b l i biit trong m l i quan hf vp chdng trong GD d TPHCM dd la mftc dO gia trudng thdp, tinh binh ddng cao so vdi cdc khu vyc khdc trong nude Vai ttd, dja
vi cfta ngudi phy nft, ngudi vp ttong GD dupe ndng Idn rd rft Ddc diem ndy xuat phdt tft chinh dilu kifn kinh t l xd hfi, d$c bift la do sy tac dfng ciia mdi trudng dd thi cdng nghifp Ddy Id mpt ddc diem nli
bgt ttong VHGD d TPHCM, dd ciing \i
thdnh tyu, la xu hudng tiln bf ttong xay
d y i ^ VHGD tren dia bdn TP ndi rieng v4
cd nude ndi chung Sy binh ddng dd dupe thi hifn qua mpt s l vdn de sau: Trudc hit, vai trd lam chft GD dd cd nhung thay ddi nhdt djnh Neu nhu vdn hda cfta GD truyln thing Vift Nam ndi chung
vd d^c bift Id ttong GD theo md hmh Nho gido, thi ngudi ddn dng chinh Id try eft
GD, Id ngudi chft ttong GD d TPHCM, khi dupe hdi "Ngudi lam chft ttong GD
dng (ba)/ anh(chi) la ai?", cd 62,13% i
kiln cho rdng ngudi chft ttong GD la ca hai
vp chdng (xem Bilu dd 1)
Trang 4Nguyin Kiiu Tien
Bieu do 1 Ti li liia chgn ngudi ldm chu trong GD (%)
C H C G I A D I N H
• Ch6ng • Kit qud ttdn cho thdy ttong nhilu
GD d TPHCM, quan nifm ve ngudi ldm
chft GD da cd it nliieu sy thay ddi Ngudi
chft GD khdng chi la vp hodc Id chong md
ca hai vp chdng sS cftng Idm chft GD minh
Ddy Id xu hudng tiln bp, xudt phdt tft sy
phdt trien mgnh me cua dilu kifn kinh t l
-xd hpi, tft cdng cupc gidi phdng phy nft
khdi nhftng rdng bupc cfta xa hpi tnrdc dd
Trudc day, ngudi chlng s5 dT la try cpt cua
GD vi hp Id ngudi mang lgi nguon thu
nh^p chinh cfta GD Ngay nay, phy nft
cung cd the di Idm, thgm chl cd thu nhgp
cao hon ngudi chlng, thay ddi v l quan hf
kinh te, dd giftp thay ddi dia vi xS hfi ciia
ngudi phy nft, ngudi vp ttong GD
Vv "Cahai
Sy binh ddng ttong m l i quan hf vp chlng d TPHCM Id thdnh qud cfta mft qud trinh dau tranh xda bd sy bdt binh ddng gifta nam vd nft Tuy nhien, cdn nhgn thftc rdng tgo ra sy binh ddng ttong khi ttd ldi cho cdu hdi "Ai Id ngudi chft GD?" chft khdng the xda bd vai trd ngudi chft GD Trong GD phdi cd ngudi ldm chft thi mdi
cd tt^t ty ki cuong, khdng thd ai mudn ldm
gi thi Idm N i p sing vd trgt ty, bfta bdi cfta cdc thdnh vidn sd phd vo sy hda thu$n, em dmcuaGD
Kit qud khdo sdt cho thdy sy binh ddng cfta moi quan hf vp - chong ttong GD
d TPHCM cdn the hifn ttong vifc sd hOu mpt sd tai sdn ttong GD (xem Bdng 2)
Bdng 2 Ngudi dicng ten gidy td sd hieu mgt sd tdi sdn trong GD (%)
STT
1
2
3
TM sin
NhadSt
Co so SX
kinh doanh
Ot6
Chong
SP
59
35
39
Ti 1^ % 25,32
35 48,75
Vy
SP
39
14
11
Tilf%
16,74
14 13,75
Ca hai
SP
135
51
30
Ti 1« % 57,94
51 37,5
Trang 56 hdu hdt cdc logi tdi san, ngudi sd
hftu Id cd hai vp chdng, vdi nhd ddt Id
57,94% do ca hai vp chdng cftng dftng ten,
CO sd sdn xudt kinh doanh la 5 1 % vd ddi
vdi xe mdy Id 53,95% Kit qua ndy chiing
minh rdng ttong nhilu cdng vide quan
ttpng cfta GD (mua nhd, kinh doanh ),
ngudi vp cftng ddng vai ttd quyet dinh
Phdn ldn nhftng cdng vide quan ttpng deu
dupe dua ra bdn bgc dan chft vd dupe ca
hai vp - chdng thdng nhat
Khi dupe hdi "Ai la ngudi phy
trdch chinh trong cac cdng vifc sau cfta
GD dng (ba)/ anh (chi)", cd 42,98% cho rdng v p chlng nhu nhau khi cftng la dgi difn GD lam vifc vdi chinh quyln Cdn ddi vdi vide hp hang, vifc tang, tifc cudi
cd 81,28% cho rdng vp chong nhu nhau Mac dft chiem ti If cdn thdp nhung cQng
cd 21,7% cho rang trong cdng vifc nfi trp vp chdng nhu nhau Ddy cung Id mft budc tidn ttong qud trinh xay dyng moi
quan hf binh ddng gifta vp chlng it
TPHCM, ttong cdng cupc gidi phdng ngudi phy nft khdi than phgn "ngudi day
td chinh" (xem Bieu dd 2)
Biiu dd 2 Ngudi phu trdch cdc cdng vi?c cua GD (%)
44.26
achoog I
Binh ddng gidi vira la van d l ca ban
cfta quyln con ngudi, vira la ydu cdu vd sy
phdt tridn xd hpi mpt cdeh cdng bdng vd
ben vftng, ddc bift ttong ddi sing GD thi
sy binh ddng gidi cdng quan trpng Trong
cdng cufc gidi phdng phy nft, nlu GD la
mdi trudng binh ddng thi s@ la dpng lyc to
ldn de phy nft cd the ddu tranh ngodi xd
hfi Mli quan hf binh ddng la mft gid tri
tiln bp md ttong qud trinh xdy dyng
VHGD ttTjng giai dogn tilp theo TPHCM
cdn phm phdt huy
M l i quan hf ciing khdng kdm phan quan ttpng trong xdy dyng VHGD d TPHCM do Id mdi quan hf gifta cha m? vft con cdi Trong cdng tdc xdy dyng VHGD d
TP, vifc xdy dyng m l i quan hf nay cOng dgt dupe nhieu thdnh qua thi hifn qua sy chuyin bien ttong tftng GD Con cdi van ydu thuong, kinh ttpng cha mp, chdm ngoan, thanh dgt (xem Bilu do 3)
Trang 6Bieu dd 3 Ti li qiryin lua chgn cua con cdi trong mdt sd vdn di (%)
\L IL ILCbon Inibag Quan h{ bfo M il
• B d m Q l v a c h o n •
Bilu dl 3 cho thdy cd 83,83% cho
biet ttong GD, con cdi ty lya chpn bgn bd;
68,94% con cdi ty lya chpn cdeh dn m^c,
vd 80,85% con cdi ty lya chpn hinh thftc
vui choi, giai tri Nhu v|y, cd thi thdy, con
cdi dupe quyen quyet dinh mpt so vdn dl
cua ban than, md khdng cd sy dp d$t cfta
cham^
Trong nhilu GD, con cdi dupe bdy td
^ kiln, dupe tham gia vdo cac cdng vifc
chung Kit qud dilu tra cho thdy cd
68,51% con cdi dupe hdi ^ kiln khi mua
sdm tai sdn ttong GD, 33,62% dupe hdi ^
kiln ttong cdc hogt dfng sdn xuat kinh
doanh vd ttong vifc phan chia tdi sdn cd
19,57% con cai dupe hdi y kien
Kit qua ttdn dd chftng minh phdn ndo
mli quan hf gifta cha mp vd con cdi trong
cdc GD d TPHCM dd dli mdi theo hudng
tdn trpng ty do cd nhdn, con cdi dupe gdn
gfti, trao dli tdm tinh thudng xuyen vdi cha
m?
(iii) Bdn sdc vdn hoa ddn tgc dugc giie gin vd phdt huy trong qud trinh xdy d{mg VHGD d TPHCM
Bdn sdc vdn hda dan tpc la nhftng gid tri ddc bift dupe vim ddp qua lich sft tdn tgi
vd phdt triln cua mft cfng ddng ddn tpc, tgo ndn ndt dfc ddo phdn bift dan tpc dd vdi dan tpc khdc [1] O thdi dgi ndo vdn hda GD cftng la nln tang cho vdn hda x3 hpi, VHGD la bp phgn co ban hinh thdnh nen bdn sdc vdn hda truyln thing ddn tf c
GD se Id noi tiep nhgn, kd thira vd chuydn giao nhftng gid tri truyen thdng tdt d^p cfta ddn tf c, tft thi hf ndy sang the he khdc Thdng qua vifc thd cftng td tien, le -tit, GD d TPHCM nhdc nhd, gpi nhd, truyln dgt cho cdc thd hf con chau ve nhihig gia trj vdn hda truyln thdng cfta ddn tpc Cac hinh tiiftc ll - tit Id nhftng smh hogt vdn hda tmh thdn Id gia phong gia ll, phdn anh nhiing gid tri truyen thing cfta dan tpc
Trang 7Bing 4 Ti !^ cdc hogt dgng cling ll dugc thftc hiin trong GB (%) ,
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Cdc ho^t d$ng cung le
Gio 16 tien
Tet Doan Ng9
Ng&y rSm, mung mOt
Giao thira
Trung thu
RSm thang Bay
Ngiy 23 thdng Chap
Co
SP
212
131
130
191
67
110
113
TilfVo 90,21 55,74 55,32 81,28 28,51 46,81 48,09
KhSng
SP
23
104
105
44
168
125
122
Ti l | % 9,79 44,26 44,68 18,72 71,49 53,19 51,91 Ngodi thd cftng to tien, bang khdo sdt
tten cung cho thdy, cdc GD d TPHCM cdn
thyc hifn mft s6 hogt dpng ciing l l khdc,
nhu: cung giao thfta vdi ti If Id 81,28%; tet
Doan Ngp 55,74%; ngdy rdm, mung mdt
55,32% Nhihig hogt dfng cung l l la luc
GD, hp hang cd dip qudy qudn bdn nhau,
chia se vdi nhau ttong bdu khdng khi am
cftng, do la mdi tnidng vdn hda Idnh mgnh
d l GD tiiyc hifn chftc ndng giao dye ciia
minh
Nhu vgy, cd the thdy rdng nhftng gid
tr) tot dep ciia vdn hda dan tdc ve co bdn
vdn dupe gift gin ttong cdc GD d TPHCM
Truyln thing vdn hda ddn tdc bdt ddu tft
VHGD vd dupe till hifn ro ttong VHGD
Chinh vi the VHGD ddng vai ttd quan
ttpng ttong vifc gift gin vd phdt huy bdn
sdc vdn hda truyen thong dan tpc Do do,
xdy dyng VHGD la mft yeu cdu quan
trpng ttong tiln trinh phdt triln cfta TP ndi
rieng va cd nude ndi chung
(iv) Vi4c thirc hi$n cdc chiec ndng cua
VHGD dugc ddm bdo vd cd nhiiu tiin bd
Vdi vi tri Id trung tam kinh t l hdng
dau cfta ca nude, vifc thyc hifn cdc chftc
ndng cfta VHGD tgi TP dgt nhieu hifu qud tich cyc, ddc bift Id chftc ndng kinh te
Cdng tdc chdm lo, phdt trien kinh te GD \k
mpt trong nhihig vdn d l ma TP rdt quan tdm
TPHCM Id dia phuong di ddu cd nude ttong xda ddi, gidm r ^ d o Trai qua cdc giai dogn, mftc chuan hf nghdo dd tdng Idn, dilu dd cho thdy mftc song ngudi dan phdn ndo dupe cai thifn Giai dogn
1992-2003 Id 3 trifu dong/ngudi/ndm d 12 qu^n nfi thdnh vd 2,5 trifu ding/ngudi/ndm d 10 qugn, huyfn ngogi thanh Giai dogn
2004-2008, mftc chudn hf nghdo Id 6 trifu dIng/ngudi/ndm, khdng phdn bift thanh till, ndng tiidn Ddn giai dogn 2009-2015, TPHCM tilp tyc ndng chudn ngheo len 12 trifu dIng/ngudi/ndm [10], Cdc (H) c6 hodn cdnh khd khdn tiiupc difn hp nghio,
GD chuih sach dd dupe tgo dilu kifn vay vdn thodt nghdo, timg budc dua ti If
hf ngheo trong TP gidm ddn hdng ndm
TP hodn thdnh muc tieu giai dogn 3 (2009-2015) trudc thdi hgn hai ndm vdi tic
dp gidm ngheo tuong ddi cao (binh qudn 1,6%/ndm), va tilp tyc thyc hifn cdc
Trang 8chuong trinh giam nghdo tilp theo theo
tftng giai dogn Cung chinh nhd chuang
trinh "Xda ddi giam nghdo" ma nhilu GD
d TPHCM da trd ndn khd gid, cd dieu kifn
chdm sdc GD hon Thuc hifn chuong trinh
Gidm nghdo, tdng hp khd, ndm 2014, TP dd
huy dfng 3.504,194 ti ddng, tdng 672,646
ti ding so vdi ndm 2013, ttong do tSng vln
tin dyng Id 130 ti ddng, tdng chi ho ttp cac
chinh sdch khdng hodn Igi Id 542,646 tl
ding Nam 2015 Id 3.531,894 ti ddng, tdng
27,7 ti ddng so vdi ndm 2014 [8]
Cdng tdc kl hogch hda GD cftng dd
dgt nhidu thdnh tyu, vifc sinh con dupe
quan tam tft trong giai dogn thai nghen cho
din khi sinh vd nudi dudng din tnidng
thdnh
Tdng kit 10 ndm thyc hifn chuong
trinh muc tidu quic gia Ddn sl - Kl hogch
hda GD tft ndm 2003 din ndm 2013, TP da
hodn thdnh xudt sdc cdc myc tidu Ddn sl
-Ke hogch hda GD dh ra Theo sl lifu cua
t y ban nhdn dan TPHCM, ti sudt sinh tiid
giam tft 15,80% ndm 2003 xuIng cdn
14,03% ndm 2012 Ti If ttd sinh ra Id con
thft 3 ted len gidm deu hdng ndm, ndm
Biiu dd 4 Ti 1$ mice dg thvc
2003 Id 5,65% din ndm 2012 da gidm xudng cdn 3,71%, binh qudn hdng ndm giam 0,2% Ti If cdc c§p vp chlng sft dyng bifn phdp ttdnh thai hdng ndm dgt khodng 80% trong dd sft dyng bifn phap ttdnh thai hifn dgi dgt khodng 70% Ben cgnh dd, tu tudng trpng nam khinh nft, muon sinh con ttai cfing cd chilu hudng giam, dilu dd dupe chftng minh phdn ndo qua ti s6 gidi tinh khi sinh gidm ddn khoang cdeh chdnh Ifch, ndm 2003 Id 123 be ttai/100 be gdi, ndm 2012 la 106 bd ttai/100 be gdi [7] Trong chftc ndng td chftc ddi sdng
GD phdi kl ddn dd Id vifc td chftc biia com
GD (xem Bilu do 4) Nhdn mgnh din tdm quan ttpng cfta bfta com ddi vdi ddi sing
GD Tdc gid Tft Gidy nhgn dinh: "Sy tan rd cua GD thudng bdt ddu tft sy tan ril cfta bfta
an GD truyln thing" Bfta com GD Id smh hogt vdo mft thdi diem nhdt dinh trong ngdy md mpi thdnh vien ciing ngoi dn vdi nhau d mft khodng khdng gian ndo dd theo
If thirdng Trong bfta com, cdc thanh vidn trong GD sg cd dip tdm tu ttd chuyfn, thi hifn tinh cdm keo son gdn bd
hi$n cdc bda cam trong GD (%)
ll I L I
Quin 3 Qu^nT Huyfn CO Chi Ct3qufn,hu
Trang 9Bilu dd 4 cho thdy ttong cdc mftc dp
tiiuc hifn bfta com GD tiii mftc do "thudng
xuyen" chilm ti If cao hon Tuy nhien,
mftc df "it thudng xuyen" cung chilm ti If
khdng nhd, dgc biet d khu vye ndi thdnh
(Qu§n 3) Bfta com GD rdt quan ttpng, bdi
vi biia com mang gid tri vdn hda to ldn,
chinh bdi no do con ngudi tgo ra; Id mpt
gid tri vgt chat nhung chfta dyng tinh
thuong ydu va mang chftc ndng gdn ket
mpi thdnh vidn ttong GD Didu dd nhdc
nhd moi thanh vidn, mli GD cdn phdi cdn
bdng gifta cupc song GD va cdng vifc dd
cd thi duy tri dupe khdng gian sinh hogt
cua GD Khdng gian dy sd Id mdi trudng
ddu tidn gido dye nhan cdeh moi ngudi, la
noi binh yen nhdt sau nhflng bdn bl, lo
toan cfta cupc sdng
Nhu vdy, nhung thdnh tyu dgt dupe
ttong xdy dung VHGD Id thdnh qud cfta
mft qud ttinh xdy dyng lau dai, vupt qua
nhilu khd khan, thach thftc cfta Dang bp vd
Nhdn dan TP Sy phdt triln ngdy cdng vupt
bgc cua TPHCM chinh la sy van dyng sftc
mgnh nfi sinh to Idn tft VHGD
3.2, Mpt s6 hgn chi trong xdy d^g
VHGD d TPHCM
Ben cgnh nhilu thdnh tyu ldn, xdy dyng VHGD d TPHCM ttong nhftng ndm qua vdn cdn mft sl hgn chl nhdt dinh Do la:
(i) Tinh trgng bgo lyc GD vd li hdn vdn cdn xudt hiin trong mgt bg phgn GD a TPHCM
0 Viet Nam, Ludt Phdng, chlng bgo
lyc GD nam 2007 da dinh nghia: "Bgo lyc
GD la hanh vi cl f cfta tiianh vidn GD gay
tin hgi hodc cd kha ndng gay tdn hgi vl the chdt, tinh thdn, kinh tl ddi vdi cdc thanh vidn khdc ttong GD" [5] Bgo lyc GD khdng cdn don thuan chi Id hdnh vi danh ddp ngupc ddi vd till xdc, vl tinh than; bgo hdnh ttong tinh due; bgo lyc kinh tl md cdn Id hanh vi phgm tpi nghidm ttpng Trong nhftng nam qua, TP dd tich cyc ttong cudc ddu franh phdng chdng bgo lyc
GD Tuy nhien, tinh trgng ndy van cdn xdy
ra ttong nhilu GD vdi rdt nhieu hinh thftc bgo lyc khac nhaU
Sd lifu thing ke cfta Uy ban nhan dan TPHCM vd sd vy, hinh thftc bgo lyc
GD dupe trinh bdy d Bdng 6 sau day:
Bdng 6 Sd vu vd hinh thdc bgo l^cc GD
ThM gian
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Tong s6
vy bao l|ic GB
364
486
396
237
121
Hinh thi^c bjo lore GS B^o lyc
thSn the
188
280
257
152
71
tinh than
130
173
HI
74
38
B^o lyc tinh dye
2
5
4
1
6
B^olyc kinhte
44
28
24
10
6
Trang 10Theo kit qud dilu tta ciia chftng tdi, khi lift ke mudi hinh thftc bgo lyc GD thi cd 9/10 hinh thiic bgo lyc GD xudt hifn, ttong dd hinh thftc bgo luc chlng ddnh vp chilm ti If
Id 24,26%, chong mdng chiii vp Id 22,55% Cd till tiidy, phy nft van Id dli tupng chftih trong cdc vy bgo lyc GD Chi cd 4,26% nhung cung la mft ddu hieu ddng bdo dfng vdi hinh thftc bgo lyc Id con cdi ddnh cha mp, anh em ddnh nhau la 15,74% Day Id nhthig hinh tiiftc bgo lyc cd xu hudng xuat hifn ngay cdng nhilu trong xd hpi vd gdy dnh hudng rdt ldn trong vifc gift gin tdn ti tr^t ty ttong GD (xem Bdng 7)
Bdng 7 Cdc hinh thuc bgo l\cc GD da xdy ra trin dia bdn cu tru (%)
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Cdc hinh thue bao lire GS
Ch6ng ddnh vgr
Vgr danh chong
Vg mdng chijri chong
Chdng mdng chui vg
Con cdi ddnh cha m?
Cha m^ ddnh con cdi
Chdu ddnh dng bd
Anh em ddnh nhau
Vg khong muon nhimg phdi
quan h^ tinh d\ic
Ch6ng khdng muon nhung
phdi quan h^ tinh dye
Co
SP
57
19
52
53
10
33
2
37
1
0
Ti If % 24,26 8,09 22,13 22,55 4,26 14.04 0,85 15,74 0,43 0,00
Khong
SP
178
216
183
182
225
202
233 •
198
234
235
Ti 1$ % 75,74 91,91 77,87 77,45 95,74 85,96 99,15 84,26 99,57 100,00
B ^ lyc QBdlid bit ki hinh thiic ndo
ciing dl Ip nhiing tdc d$ng tieu cyc ddn
siic khde vd thi chat, tinh thk khdng chi
cua nan nhdn ma cdn ddi vdi cdc thdnh
vidn khdc trong GD; tdc dpng tidu cyc ddn
lyc lui?ng lao dgng, hoat ddng kinh te cua
GD, trdi ngugc vdi truydn thdng tdt d?p
ciJa vdn hda ddn tgc, VHGD
CCmg vdd bao lyc GD, tinh tr?ng li
hdn d TPHCM da dnh hudng khdng nhd
den cdng tdc xay dyng VHGD Theo dinh
nghia trong Luiit Hdn nhdn GD nam 2014:
"Li hdn Id vifc chim diit quan hd vg chdng
theo bdn dn, quydt djnh cd hi?u lyc phdp
Iu$t cia Tda dn" [6, tr.lO], 6 mjt tich cyc,
Ii hdn giup vg chdng "gidi thoat" cho nliau khi khdng thd hda giai nhu Ph Angghen timg ndi: "neu tinh yeu dd hodn toan phai nhat hojc bj mgt tinh yeu say ddm mod dt
di, till li hdn se Id dieu hay cho cd ddi bdn cOng nhu cho xd hdi" [1, tr.I28] Tuy nhien, rdt nhidu h? qua tir vide Ii hdn nhu
sy dau khd cua vg, chdng trade that b?i trong hdn nhan, gdy ra nhiing ed sdc tdm II njng nd, ldu dai, ldm ddo ldn cudc sdng GD; djo bidt, U hdn dnh hudng den vide thyc hifn chftc ndng gido dye GD Td Im
GD bi tan va dl Idm ndy sinh tdm trying