Hpe thuyfit eua Karl Marx cM ra ring, san xufift vfit chfii vfi qufi trinh tai san xult lufin Ifi ed sd, Ifi nln tang eua sfl tdn tai va phat triln xa hdi, lfi nhan td quylt dinh sfl hin
Trang 1CAC YEU TO CAU THANH DAM BAO
NGO THI TAN HLTONG "
Tom tat: Mpt xd kpi pkdt trii'n bin vOng kfidng cki hUdng din sU pfidt triin kinh ti'trong mdi liin
hi vdi bin vOng oi mdi tnidng tu nhiin, mdi trudng xd hpi, md cdn hudng din bin vOng vi vdn hod, digiup cfio con ngitdi dUdc phdt tnin bin vOng, trong bdi viii ndy, tdc gid niu ra mpt siy kiin trao doi vi cdc yiu tdcdu tkdnh de ddm bdo sii pfidt triin bin vitng cua xd kpi
Ta khda: Phdt triin bin vOng; cdc yeu to cdu thdnh
Abstract: A sustainable society is constructed not only by economic growth in a sustainable link with tfie natural and social environment but also a sustainable culture that allows individuals to develop themselves in the long term In this article, the author discussed elements of a sustainable society Keywords: Sustainable development, element
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 14/3/2017;Ngdy sda bdi:26/4/2017;Ngdy duyit ddng bdi: 05/5/2017
1 Khai n i e m p h a t t r i e n b i n vfling
c u a x a h o i
Theo q u a n d i l m eua ehu ngMa duy vfit
bien chfllig, "phat t r i l n " lfi mdt khfii mfim
dflng de cM qua t r t n h vfin dfing eua sU vfit
theo k h u y n h hUdng di lfin tfl t r i n h dfi thfi'p
d i n t r i n h dfi eao, tfl kfira hofin thifin d i n
hofin tMfin hdn Nd khdng chi lfi sfl tfing,
giam t h u i n t u y v l Ifldng mfi edn lfi stt bie'n
ddi v l chfi't theo hfldng ngfiy efing hofin
tMen Cdn 'TDIU vflng" dfldc Meu la mdt
thude tinh, mdt p h l r a chfi't t h i Men sU tdn
tai ed tinh lfiu dfii v l thdi gian eua sU vfit
Song, c l n phai M l u , 'Tain viing" khdng d
ngMa lfi b i t bien, vinh hfing mfi nd n i m
trong sU vfin dpng vdi cae qua t r i n h lifin
tuc d t i n h e h l t trUdng tdn
Tfl dd, pfidt triin bin uOng dUqc hiiu Id
qud trinh vdn dpng cua sU vdt tfieo
khuynh kiidng ngdy cdng hodn thiin fiOn
vd giup cho sU vdt do trUdng ton cdng vdi
tfldi gian P h a t t r i e n b i n viing dUde d l cfip
trong bfii v i l t nfiy Ifi sU phdt triin bin
vOng cua mpt xd hpi Theo do, mpt xa hfii
cd sU phfit t r i l n phai Ifi x a hdi mfi eon
ngUdi eiing n h u mpi d i l u kifin sd'ng cua ho ngfiy efing hofin tMfin hdn trfin mpi phUdng difin: tfl ddi sd'ng vfit chfi't dfi'n ddi sdng t m h t h i n , tfl eufic sfi'ng hfing ngay
d i n cae d i l u kifin cua mfii trfldng sd'ng
Cd thd t h i y , p h a t trien xfi hdi dflpe M l u
n h u mdt t i l n t r i n h trong dd p h a t t r i l n kinh t l de dem lai ldi ieh vfit c h i t eao hdn;
p h a t tridn vfin hda, chinh tri, xfi bfii dfi dem lai nhflng thda m a n tinh t h i n eao hdn; p h a t t r i e n v l mfii trfldng tfl nMfin
m a n g lai c h i t Ifldng cufie sdng ngfiy cang dupe b i n viing ! vfi ehung quy Iai, t i t ea
d i u msmg d i n sU p h a t t r i e n cho con ngudi
N h u vfiy, phdt triin bin vOng cua mpt xd hqi cd tfiidi^ hiiu Id qud trinh van dqng cua xd hpi theo khuynh hadng cdc ngudn luc cua sU pfidt triin ngdy cdng diiOc duy tri, phat triin, di chat lOOng cudc sdhg vd diiu kiin mdi tnidng sdhg cua con ngiM ngdy cdng dUqc ddm bdo vd ndng cao
Tfl vific k h a i qufit q u a n m e m ve p h a t
t r i l n b i n vflng, cd t h e thfi'y:
^ Khoa Khoa hoc Cd ban, Trflclng Dai hoc Kinh te &
Quan tr} ldnh doanh, Dai hoc Thfii NguySn
Trang 2Tha nhdt, phfit t r i l n bfi'n vflng cua mfit
xfi hfii tufin theo quy lufit cua t i l n trinh
phat trien Cung nhfl mpi sfl vfit va Mfin
tfldng khfie, xfi hfii ludn n a m trong t i l n
trinh vfin ddng vfi phat trien khdng ngtfng
Nguyen nhfin eua sfl vfin ddng vfi phat
trien xfi hdi dflde quy dinh bdi eae quy lufit
khfich quan trong viec giai quylt nhflng
mfiu t h u i n vdn cd trong Idng xa hdi dd, mfi
trfle t i l p vfi trflde h i t Ifi do sfl tac dpng eiia
quy Matt quan he san x u l t phai phu hdp
vdi trinh dp phfit trien eua lflc Ifldng san
xuat cd sd ha t i n g quyet dinh k i l n trflc
thfldng t i n g Dfldi tac dpng cua efie quy
lufit nfiy, cfic Mnh thai kinh t l - xfi hdi
mdi, t i l n bd hdn ra ddi, thay t h i cfie hinh
thai kmh tfi' - xfi hfii cu trong lieh svE do
vfiy sfl phat trifin cua xa hfii loai ngfldi
nhfl mfit qua trinh lieh stt - tfl nMen
Tha hai, de dat dflde stt phat t r i l n b i n
vflhg tM cac mfit ehu y l u eua t u nMen va
xa hfii, tfl mfii trfldng d i n con ngfldi ciing
cac linh vfle ed ban eua xa hdi loai ngfldi
nhfl kinh t l , ehinh tri, xa bfii, vfin hda,
v.v d i u phai ngfiy cfing hofin tMfin hdn
tren cd sd k l thfla ed ehpn Ipc nhflng
thfinh tflu cua d c thdi k^ trfldc dd, vdi sflc
sang tao khdng ngttng nghi eua con ngfldi
phfl hdp vdi quy Mat
Tha ba, ehu t h e duy nhfi't eua xa hdi lfi
con ngfldi, eho nfin mdt xa hdi phat t r i l n
b i n viing phai lfi xa hdi tao dUde nhiing
dieu kifin tdt n h a t de n a n g eao c h i t Mdng
cupe sdng eho eon ngUdi Cu the lfi, eon
ngudi sdng trong xfi hdi dd phai cd mfit
eufic sdng fi'm no, tU do, h a n h phfle, phai ed
dilu ki$n d l trd thfinh con ngUdi p h a t
t r i l n tofin difin v l mpi mfit Dfie bifit, con
ngudi d cac t h i he sau phai cd cuoc sdng
td't hdn so vdi t h l h ^ trfldc
Tha ta, sfl sdng ndi chung v l sU s i n g
eua eon ngUdi ndi rifing tdn tai v l phat
trien trong mfit mfii trfldng tfl nMfin vfi mfii trudng xa bfii n h i t dinh Trong kM dd, c h i t Mdng cua radi txudng tfl nMfin vfi mdi trfldng xa hdi lai p h u thupc r i t nMlu vfio thai dp flng xtt cua con ngfldi ddi vdi nd Vi vfiy, eon ngfldi vfi xfi hdi mudh tdn tai vfi phat t r i l n b i n viing tM phai khfing ngiing
gin gifl vfi lfim eho ca mfii trfldng tu nMfin
lfin mdi trfldng xfi hdi ngfiy radt tdt hdn
2 C a c y l u to' c a u t h a n h d l p h a t
t r i e n b e n vi?ng x a h o i
2.1 Phdt triin bin vUng vikinh ti
Kinh tfi'lfi d i l u kifin vfit e h l t cd ban eua ddi sdng xfi hdi Kinh t l phfit trien se tao
r a n l n t a n g viing ehfic cho xfi hdi phat
t r i l n Bdi thfi', mfit xa h^i mudn dait dfldc sfl phfit t r i l n b i n vflng tM trfldc h i t phai
cd sfl phat t r i l n ben vfliig v l kinh tfi' Kinh tfi' p h a t t r i l n bidu Men d sfl tfing trfldng kinh t l g i n vdi sU hofin tM$n ed d u , thd
c h l kinh tfi', nfing eao e h l t lUdng eufic sfi'ng vfi dam bao edng b i n g xa hdi Nhu t h i , sU
p h a t trifin b i n vflng v l kinh te' dUdc bieu Mfin qua mdt sdnfii dung chu yfi'u:
Tha nhdt, tfic dp tfing trudng kinh t l
theo hudng dn dinh, san lUdng gia tfing phfl hdp vdi d i l u kifin vfi yfiu c l u cua d i t nfldc, xu t h i chung cua thdi dai, trfinh dfldc nhflng r u i ro, suy thoai, khiing hoang, khfing d l Iai g a n h n$ng nd n l n eho cac t h i hfi tUdng lai, dam bao cho con ngUdi ed dUde cufie sdng ngfiy cfing td^ dep hdn Tfing trUdng kinh te la tie'n de vfit
c h i t d l giam bdt t i n h t r a n g ddi nghfio, giara t h a t ngMfip, n a n g cao t h u nhap va
c h i t lUdng cudc sfing eho dfin efl, ddng thdi
nd cdn tao t i l n de vfit e h l t de eung cd an ninh qufi'e phdng, ciing c l che dd eMnh tri, tfing uy tin vfi vai trd q u a n 1;^ cua nhfi nUdc d^Ti vdi xa hdi Bdi v^y, tfing trUdng kinh te chinh lfi d i l u ki^n, t i l n d l tien
Trang 3quyet eua su phat triln kinh tl Hpe
thuyfit eua Karl Marx cM ra ring, san
xufift vfit chfii vfi qufi trinh tai san xult
lufin Ifi ed sd, Ifi nln tang eua sfl tdn tai va
phat triln xa hdi, lfi nhan td quylt dinh sfl
hinh thfinh vfi phfit triln eua Enh vUc vfin
hofi, tinh thin IQnh t l lfi ylu td quyet
dinh sU tdn t ^ vfi phfit triln eua mpi hinh
thfii y thflc xa hfii, quy dinh ddi sd'ng tinh
thin cua xa hfii Tfing trfldng kinh tfi'
chfing nhiing tao tiln dl vfit chit mfi edn
t^o ra sfle raanh tinh thin de gifl dflde sfl
on dinh vl chinh tri, xa hfii
Tha hai, dl cd sU phat triln kinh tfi',
bgn e^nh sU tfing trUdng kinh te phfl hdp
-vfi Cling lfi mfit trong nhiing nhfin td cho
tfing trudng kinh te phfl hpp - cln cd ed
d u kinh te hdp l;y vfi tiln bfi Theo Karl
Marx, cd d u kinh te eua xfi hpi lfi toan bd
nhiing quan hfi san xult phfl hdp vdi qufi
trinh phat trien nhit dinh eua d e lUc
lupng san xult v|it chit Hay ndi each
khae, cd clu kinh t l lfi tdng the d c ngfinh,
linb vflc, bfi phfin kmh tl^ vdi vi tri, ty trpng
tUdng flng ciia chung vfi m ^ quan he hiiu
cd tUdi^ dm dn dinh hdp thfinh Mdt ed eiu
kinh te hdp Iy vfi tiln bp Ifi ed d u ed si^ phfl
hdp vdi xu t h i phit triln ehung eua nln
kinh tfi' trong nUde, khu vflc vfi trfin the
gidi Nd cho phfip khai thac vfi stt dung tfii
liu d e ngudn Ifle, mang lai Mfiu qua kinh
te cao vfi ben viing
Tha ba, phfit triln kinh te bieu Mfin d
mflc dp thoa mfin cac nhu clu cd ban cua
xfi hpi, thi Mfin bing sfl tfing len cua thu
nhfip thflc tl, ehlt lupng gifio diie, y tl
rafi mdi ngUdi dfin dflpe hfldng Day Ifi npi
dung cd ban dl phfin bi$t gifla tfing tfldng
kinh te vfi phat triln kinh tfi' Bdi, khfing
phai sfl tfing trfldng kinh t l nfio ciing dfin
tdi phfit triln kinh tl
Thflc t l cho thiy, sfl tfing trfldng kinh
t l chl vi muc dich kinh te da dem lai hfiu qua tifiu efle cho xa bfii, sfl xudng d p vl daio dfle, sa siit vl nhan phlra, Ifim eho ddi sdng tinh thin cua eon ngfldi bi cln e5i, mfii trfldng bi suy thofii, tai nguyfin bi khung hoang, can kiet Do v|iy, tfing trudng kinh t l phai dflde dfit trong yfiu clu phue vu tien bfi xa hdi, bao vfi rafii trfldng Bdi nfi'u chinh tri, vfin hofi, xa hdi, con ngfldi khdng phat triln dn dinh, rafii trfldng tfl nMfin hi phfi hoai, tM qufic gia
dd khdng thd phat triln bin vflng
2.2 Pfidt trien bin vOng vi mdi tnSng
xd hpi
Mdi trfldng xfi hpi gdp phin quan trpng trong vific thue dly mfit xa bfii phat triln bin viing Mfit qudc gia cd mdi trfldng xa bfii fin dinh, mfi quan trpi^ nhit lfi In djnh
vl chinh tri, phap lufit edng minh, se tao dilu ,Mfin de qudc gia dd phat trien d c mfit nhfl: kinh tl, vfin hda, mdi trfldng tU nMfin, vfi nhat Ifi con ngudi Phat trien bin vflng vl moi trUdng xfi hdi thudng dUdc the Men d nhflng ndi dung chii ylu sau:
Tha nhdt, xfi hpi phai duy tri, thUc tM
vfi phat triln ehi dfi dfin chii, thi M§n tren rapi m^t: kinh tl, vfin hda, mdi trUdng, sU
dn dinh tiln bd vl chmh tri vfi dfin cU trong xfi bfii, khdng phfin bifit giai d p , dfin tfic, ton gifio diu dupe hudng nhiing thfinh qua eua sU phat trien dd Ddng thdi, ehlt Mdng cufie sdng eua dfin cU trong xa hfii dd phai ngfiy cfing dUdc eai tMen, nfing cao, khfing
vi ldi ich nhdra, tMeu so mfi xam pham Idi ich cua dai da sd Nhd flng dung nhiing thfinh tflu ciia khoa hpc - edng ngh^ Men dai rafi ngfiy nay nMlu qufic gia da da.t dflde nhiing thfinh tflu to Idn vl kinh tl, ciia cai v^t ehlt trong xa hdi dfldc san xult
ra ngfiy cfing nMlu hdn Song, d m§t sd'
Trang 4nfldc, Ifldng eua cai phin ldn nfim trong tay
mdt bd phfin nhd dan efl tarong xa hdi, dilu
dd lfim cho xa hdi tdn tai nhflng rafiu thufin
dm khai^ vl mfit Idi ich vfi khdng thd dn
dinh Qua thdng kfi d mfit sd nflde eho thiy,
sd' lfldng giai d p tfl san cM chiem khoang
10% dfin cU nhflng cMfi'm 90% sdlUdng eua
cai vfit chit dupe san xult ra trong xfi hfii
Nhu the, mac dfl kinh t l tfing trfldng manh
nhUng nhflng xfi hdi dd khfing the lfi nhfliig
xa hfii phat trien bin viing
Tha hai, trong xa hpi phai thuc Mfin
nguyfin tic phfin phfii cdng bang trfldc hit
la theo Iao ddng ma hp ddng gdp Tuy
nMfin, de thflc hien tinh tfu vifit eua mfit
xfi hdi phfit trien bin viing tM ein thfle
Mfin mfit sd' nguyfin tie phfin phfii khac,
nhfl: phfin phdi qua cac quy phuc Idi cac
quy hd trd vfi binh dn cho nhiing tmh
hudng bit thfldng, v.v CM nhfl vfiy mpi
ngfldi dfin mdi ed dilu ki^n dl nfing cao
chit Ifldng cupe sd'ng rafie dfl hp ed hofin
canh sdng eu thi khac nhau
Tha ba, cac vlh de xa hdi phai dUdc giai
quylt mdt efieh trifit dl vfi thudng xuyfin
tao dilu kifin eho xfi hfii d nhfliig giai doan
ke tiep phat trien bin viing Trong qua
trinh vfin ddng cua xa hdi, t i t yfi'u nay
sinh d e vfi'n dl nhU: an ninh xa hpi khdng
dam bao, ehinh tri bfi't dn xult Men tinh
trang ddi nghfio, thit ngMfip, nan tham
nhung, V.V Do dd, mufi'n phfit trien bin
viing vl xfi h$i tM phai tira each khfie
phiie dupc tinh trcmg trfin bing d e bi^n
phap kinh tl, hfinh eMnh, phap M|lt vfi
nfiu gUdng cua nhflng ngudi lanh dao Mfit
xa hdi cd nen an ninh, chinh tri dn dinh,
ngudi lao ddng cd viee lfim, cd thu nhfip vfi
ddi sdng ngfiy efing nang eao, cac tfi nan xa
hdi dUdc kifin quylt xda bo Dd lfi biiu
Men cua sU phat trien bin viing ve xa hfii
2.3 Phat triin bin vOng vi mdi tndtng
ta nhiin
Tfl nMen lfi than thi vd ed cua con ngfldi Bdi thi, con ngfldi vfi xfi hfii mudn tdn tai vfi phfit triln thi khfing the tach rdi mfii trudng ttt nhien Chfi't lUdng eua mdi trudng tu nMen, rafi trUc tilp lfi mdi trudng sdhg xung quanh anh hudng rit manh, thfim cM la quyet dinh din ehlt lUdng cudc sd'ng eua eon ngUdi vfi xa hdi
•V^ vay, mudn xa hdi phat triln bin vflng tM phai cd mdi trUdng tU nMfin phat triln bin viing Su phat trien bin viing vl mfii trfldng tfl nMfin dfldc thi Men thfing qua mfit sfi' nfii dung cd ban lfi: khai thfie, sfl dung tfii nguyfin tMfin nMfin hdp 1^, gifl gin sfl cfin bing sinh thai; bao tdn, tai tao, bfl dfip I^i tfii nguyen tMfin nMfin d mflc toi da trong nhiing dilu kipn cho phfip; ban che' tfii da vific gfiy ra tinh trang 6 nMim mfii trfldng Cu thi nhfl sau:
Tha nhdt, dfi cd sfl phat triln bin viing
ndi chung, phat triln bin vflng vl mfii trfldng tu nhien ndi rifing, con ngUdi vfi xa hdi phai tri^t de thflc hi$n khai thfie tfii nguyfin tMfin nMfin mpt each hdp ly, stt dung tilt kiera vfi ed M^u qua, phai giii dUdc sU d n bfing sinh thai
Tfii nguyen tMfin nMen lfi ngudn eung
d p tu hfiu san xult, tU hfiu sinh boat eho con ngUdi vfi xa hdi, nfin nd lfi dilu kifin khdng the tMlu cho sfl tdn tai vfi phat triln eua con ngudi vfi xa hdi Dl tiln hfinh san xult vfi trong sinh ho^t hing ngfiy, con ngfldi vfi xa hfii t i t yfi'u phai tifiu dflng nMlu loEii tfii nguyen tMen nMfin khac nhau Song, trong xa hpi phat triln bin viing tM eon ngfldi khdng cM hfldng tdi dap flng nhu eiu Mfin tai mfi edn phai dam bao
dap flng nhu clu eua d d e t h i h$ trong
tfldng lai Vi v^y, kM khai thac, sfl dung tfii
Trang 5nguyfin tMfin nMen phuc vu eho n h u c l u
cupe sdng, de phfit t r i l n bfi'n vflng, eon
ngfldi bfit bude phai d ke hoach khai thac,
stt dung c h i i i ^ mfit each hdp Iy vdi M$u
qua d a t dflde tdi da Tuyfit dm khdng flu
tifin ldi ich cue bp, n g i n h a n b i t 1 ^ nfio de
khai thfie tfii nguyfin rafit each d at Ifim eho
chflng bi can kifit, Ifim cho mfii trfldng bi
m l t efin bang sinh thai Vi nhfl v^y, con
ngfldi d t h e he Mfin tai da phfi di d i l u kifin,
cd hdi eho sfl tdn tai vfi p h a t t r i l n cua eon
ngfldi d cac t h e he m a i sau, tflc lfi lfim eho
xa hdi khdng t h e p h a t t r i l n mdt each b i n
viing, dn dinh va lfiu dfii dfldc
Tha fiai, de p h a t t r i l n b i n viing, ben
eainh vific k h a i thac, sfl d u n g tfii nguyfin
tMen nMfin hdp ly vdi Mfiu qua toi da
phue vu cufie sdng, t h i eon ngfldi cdn phai
tri$t de thflc Men bao ve, chfim sdc vfi tfii
t^o tfii nguyfin tMfin nMfin trong chutng
mfle d t h i Trong tfl nMfin, tfii nguyfin
khfing phai la vo tfin, ddng thdi, k h a nfing
tfii tao cac loai tfii nguyen cua tfl nMfin
khfing d i l n r a n h a n h chdng nhfl tdc dd
khai t h a c vfi sut d u n g eua eon ngfldi Do
vfiy, n l u con ngfldi k h a i t h a c tfii nguyen
tMfin nMfin vfldt q u a k h a n f i i ^ cung d p
vfi san sinh cua nd, tM t i t y l u d i n m^t Me
nfio dd nd se bi can ki$t, luc dd sfl p h a t
t r i l n eua xa hdi khong cdn b i n viing
Vi vfiy, eon i ^ u d i khong t h i cM b i l t
khai thae nhiing cai sfin d trong tfl nMfin
mfi d n phai biet c h l tae r a nhflng nguyen
li^u khdng d sfin nhflng dam bao thfin
tM$n vdi mdi trfldng, phai ehfim sde vfi tai
tao lai d c tfii nguyfin tMen nMfin da bi
khai thfie t r o i ^ k h a nfing d the, de cac t h i
h^ mai sau d n du d i l u ki^n, cd hdi eho sfl
phat trien Viee nfiy cM dflde thUc Men tfiTt
kM con ngfldi s^ng txong xa hpi M^n tai d
dflpc f thflc vfi hfinh dfing dflng dfin trong
boat ddng thflc t i l n , n h i t lfi trong boat dpng san x u l t kinh doanh - bdi dfiy lfi boat ddng khai thac vfi sfl dung tfii nguyen tMen nMen m a n h nhat, trflc tiep n h i t
Tha ba, ben canh vific khai thae, sfl
dung hpp ly, chfim sde, tai tao tfl nMfin de phfit t r i l n b i n vfliig, eon ngfldi sdng trong
xa hdi phai b a n che tfii da vi$e gay r a t i n h
t r a n g d n M i r a mfii trfldng De lfim dfldc vific nay, con ngfldi vdi sflc sang tao cua minh, phai chu ddng ngMfin cflu, flng dung nhflng t h a n h tflu khoa hpe, efing nghfi M$n dai vfio boat dfing thfle tien d l
h a n che tfii da sfl fi n M i r a mdi trfldng Ben eanh dd, vi stt sinh tdn vfi phfit t r i l n
b i n viing mfi moi con ngUdi phai ed y thfle tfl giac, ky lufit cao trong bao vfi sfl b i n vflng ciia mdi trfldng Ddng thdi, xfi hdi
c l n phai d nhiing hfinh dfing t M i t thflc, kip thdi d l xtt Iy ngMem minh n h f l i ^ trfldng hdp gay r a 6 nMem mfii trfldi^ s^ng lfim a n h hfldng tdi sU phfit trien cua
xa hdi d ca M$n t a i vfi trong tUdng lai Hifin nay, v l i i d l mdi trUdng, bien ddi
kM hfiu lfi v l h d l toan c l u , raang tinh sdng
d n cua n h a n loai Trong moi quan he tac dpng qua 1 ^ gifla xa hdi vdi tU nMfin, de tdn t a i vfi p h a t t r i l n , con ngfldi vfi xfi hfii khfing dUdc p h a vd can b i n g sinh thai, trong nhfin thflc va hoat ddng thUc tien phai ton trpng d c quy lufit tU nMfin Tuy nMfin, trong thUc t l , d k h a n M l u qudc gia trfin t h i gidi da dfit kinh t l Ifin vi
t r i Uu tifin hfing d i u , la raue tifiu sd mdt, nfin t i n h efing bfing xa hfii vfi mfii trUdng dUde c h i p nhfin h y sinh de dat mue tifiu kinh te
Hi$n nay, phfit t r i l n b i n viing trong ly
t h u y l t vfi p h a t t r i l n ben vflng trong Mfin thUc d mfit sd qudc gia ehUa d sU thdng
n h i t O day dang t M l u m^t c h i t k i t dinh,
Trang 6dd lfi vdn hda Bdi, vfin hofi lfi bieu Mfin
cdt tuy eiia hfinh vi sdng cua con ngUdi,
chl cd vfin hoa mdi ed dUde giao hda giflp
eho eon ngUdi cd dUde nhfin thfle vfi hfinh
dpng diing dfin, phfl hdp vdi dilu ki^n tfl
nMfin, xa hdi ca d Mfin tai vfi tfldng lai
Bdi v^y, trong tiln trinh phfit trien bin
vflng khdng thi khdng tinh dfi'n phfldng
difin vfin hda
2.4 Phdt triin bin viJing vi vdn hda
'Vfin hda dfldc MIU nhfl lfi tofin bp
nhflhg gia tri vfit chit vfi tinh thin do con
ngfldi tao ra trong qufi trinh thfle tiln lich
stt - xfi bfli vfi tifiu bieu cho trinh dp dat
dupe trong lieh sii phat trien xa bfii"'^*
Dinh ngMa trfin eho ta thiy, sfl phat tridn
eiia vfin hda the Mfin trinh dfi vfin minh
eua eon ngUdi - chu nhfin sfing t^o ra nln
vfin hda dd vfi nd bieu Mfin trinh dp phat
tridn cua xa hdi d trong mdt giai doan lieh
sfl cu thi Do do, xa hfii phat trien bin
vflng phai lfi xa hfii cd rapt nln vfin hda
dUde phat triln bin vflng Su phat triln
bin vflng vl vfin hda eua mfit xa hfii dfldc
the Men qua nhiing nfii dung ed ban Ifi:
Tha nhdt, xa hdi phai xay dUng dUdc
rapt nln vfin hda tiln bd, trfin ed sd kit hdp
radt each hfii hda, dflng dfin gifla vifie k l
thfla d ehpn loc nhflng thfinh tflu vfin hda
truyen thdhg cua dan tde vdi tilp thu
nhflng thfinh tflu vfin hda tifin tifih cua
nhan loai Vfin hda Ifi mpt ddng chay hfin
tuc, song trong ddi^ chay dd lufin ed sfl
biln ddi vfi phat triln eung vdi sfl phat
trien cua xa hfii bdi sflc sang tao khdng
ngflng eua con ngfldi Nhfl thi, ciii^ vdi
nhiii^ gia tri vfin hoa truyin thfihg d n
phu hdp vdi sU phat triln xa hoi, phai d sU
giao thoa, tilp biln vdi d c nln vfin hda
tifin tien trfin t h i gidi, tiep thu nhflng tinh
hoa eua eae nln vfin hda dd, Mnh thfinh
nfin nln vfin hda phat triln, phan anh dUdc nhflng thfinh tUu tiln bfi mfi xfi hfii deit
dupe d nhiing thdi kf lich stt nhit dinh
Tha fiai, vfin hda ddng vai tro lfi nen
tang tinh thin cua xa hdi, Ifi radt trong nhiing dfing lUc thuc dly kinh tl- xa hfii phat triln Vdi ehfle nfing dinh hinh d c gia tri, chuln mUc trong ddi sdng xa hdi,
van boa gdp phin t^o nfin h% thdng cac gia
tri dfic trUng cho rafit dfin tfie, bao gdra: chinh tri, dao dflc, phap lufit, khoa hpc, ngh$ thufit, cac t h i chl, tMit chl, t4p quan, ldi sdhg t^o nfin nln tang tinh thin eua mfit dfin tfic Vfi nhU the, mfit nln vfin hofi tiln bfi, phfit triln se lfi ed sd
dl thda man nhu clu tinh thin, lfi ed sd di
giai phdng sfle sang tao cua radi con ngfldi eiing nhu tofin xa hfii Bfin canh dd, vdi ehfle nfing xfiy dflng, bdi dfldng ngudn lflc eon ngfldi ea vl tri tufi, tfim hdn, tfii nfing, d£io dfle vfi ldi sdng vfin hoa gdp phin quan trpng vfio vipe tao ra nhiing con ngfldi tofin difin - ehu t h i cua xfi hfii phat triln, ed dii nfing lfle xay dflng vfi phat triln xa hpi theo hfldng dn dinh, bin viing
2.5 Pfidt triin bin vOng vicon ngUdi
Con ngfldi lfi nhfin td' duy nhit gifl vai trd chii thi trong xa hdi Trinh dfi ph&t triln eiia con ngfldi se quylt dinh trinh dp phat trien cua xa hfii Do dd, rafit xa hfii mudn d^t dfldc sfl phat triln bin viing tM
xa hpi dd nhit thiet phai ed sfl phat triln bin vflng ve con ngfldi
Phat triln con ngfldi (HD Human Development) dfldc diln giai lfi: "Phfit trien eon ngfldi lfi qua trinh md rpng sfl lUa chpn cho con ngfldi Dilu quan trpng nhit cua pham vi lfla chpn rfing ldn dd 11
de eon ngudi sdng mfit eufic sing dfii lfiu
™ Tiediin triii hoc a986), Nxb St^ thfit, Hfi N§i, tr.656
Trang 7vfi khoe raanh, dUdc gifio due vfi dfldc tiep
cfin d i n cfic ngudn Iflc c l n t h i l t cho mfit
mfle sdng eao"<^\ Khfii mfim nfiy t h i hifin
vai trd t r u n g tfim eua eon ngfldi trong
phfit trien, dd Ifi lfla chpn mdt cudc sdhg
ddi ldu vd khoe mqnh ( v l y tfi), dUOc gido
due (vfi giao due), daqc tiip can cdc ngudn
lUc cdn thiit cfio mpt mOc sdng cao ( v l
kinh te) Q u a n diem v l "phat t r i l n eon
ngfldi - HD" nfiy da dflde Ifldng hofi qua
"CM sd p h a t trien con ngfldi HDI
(Human Development Index)":
- V l kinh tfi', t h i Mfin qua cM tifiu
GDP/ngUdi;
- V l gifio due, t h e Men qua cM tieu t i Ifi
ngUdi ldn b i l t ehfl (%), t i le nhfip hpe tdng
hpp (%), hofic sdnfim di hpe t r u n g binh;
- V I y te, t h i hifin qua ehi tieu tudi thp
bMh qufin®
Tfl quan diem v l p h a t trien eon ngfldi
neu trfin, theo chiing toi, p h a t trien b i n
vfli^ v l con ngUdi dUdc t h e Men d sfi'lUdng
dan cU vfi c h i t lUdng d a n cU, vdi nhiing
nfii dung cd b a n sau:
Xfit v l m p sd lUdng, phat trien b i n
viing ve eon ngUdi phu thu^c vfio ty 1$ gia
tfing dan so', rafi ty Ifi nfiy p h u thufie vfio
n h f l i ^ y l u td^ k h a e h quan, nhfl d i l u ki$n tfl
nMen ciia moi qudc gia (quy d i t , mdi
trfldng sdhg - d i l u kifin c l n cho tfing sd
Ifldng dfin cfl), vfio tdc dfi tfing trfldng, phat
trien kinh t e (cung efip vifie lfim, t h u nhfip
-dieu kipn du eho tfing sfi' Mdng d a n cU); vfi
nhiing y l u tfi' chu q u a n nhU tfira ly, tfip
qufin, vfin hofi, ehinh sach dan sd eua
qudc gia dd Bdi vfiy, p h a t t r i l n b i n vfliig
con ngudi v l sd lUdng phu-thupc vfio nhiing
yeu t d khaeh quan vfi sU nhfin thfle phfl
hdp vdi khaeh q u a n eua yfiii t d e h t i quEm
Yfiu c l u nfiy dfit r a cho m6i qudc gia
c l n d ehinh sfich v l dfin so' dflng d i n ,
dam bao sfl I n dinh b i n viing v l ti lfi sinh,
v l cd c l u tudi, ve rafit dfi dfin cu phfl hdp vdi d i l u ki$n tU nMfin Theo Lifin Hdp Qud'c, d l cudc sdng thufin ldi, binh qufin trfin l k m 2 cM n e n cd tfl 35-40 ngudi Song, m^t dp nfiy lufin hi p h a vd trfin thUe
t e d h l u h i t eae thfinh p h d tren the gidi Ddng thdi, n M l u quoc gia tren t h e gidi Men n a y dang v I p p h a i v l h d l t M l u tinh
b i n viing v l sd Mdng dfin cU C h i n g ban d Nhfit Ban, t i n h vfio thdi d i l m thfing 10/2010, dfin sd eua nUde nfiy lfi 125,77 trifiu ngUdi, song, Vifin Nghien cflu Dfin sfi'
va phflc ldi xfi hdi qudc gia Nhfit Ban canh bao rfing, theo k h u y n h hfldng M$n nay, dfin so' Nhfit se giam xudng mfle 90 trifiu ngfldi vfio nfim 2055 Hay d Vifit Nam, t i n h den ngfiy 01/11/2013, Vifit Nam da ddn chfio edng dfin thfl 90 tsdfiu, m|it dd dfin sd lflc nfiy t r u n g binh lfi 272 ngUdi/km2 gap khoang 6-7 I l n mfit dfi c h u l n - theo quan dilra eua Lifin hdp qudc
V l e h l t lUdng d a n cU, phfit t r i l n ben viing v l eon ngUdi p h u thude vfio mflc dd
h a n h phue eua eon ngfldi, dflpe p h a n a n h bdi sfle khoe t b i lflc, t r i Me, tfim lflc, d i l u kifin raoi trfldng sdng eua con ngfldi trong
xa bfii
Trfldc h i t , xfi hdi phai tao mpi d i l u kifin
de eon ngfldi phfit trien mdt each tfl do va tofin difin Con ngfldi c l n ed du d i l u ki^n
d l hpc tfip, n i m b i t d c quy lufit cua tU nMfin, xa hdi vfi vfin d u n g d c quy lufit dd
n h i m dat Meu qua cao nhfi't trong boat
^ Bao cfio phfit t i i ^ Vift Nam.http://web.worldbank.oi^ WBSITE/EXTERNAIVCOUNTRIES/EASTASIAPACIFrC EXT/ VIETNAMIN VIETNAMESEEXTN/0„oonttentMDK: 22416760~menuPK:487366~pagePK:286506&-piPK:2865 079~theSitePK:486752,00 [tr.60]
*' Vu Vfin Anh (2012), Chl sd phdt triin con ngiOi
(HDD Tinh Thdi Nguyin giai doan 1999 - 2009, Nxb
D^i hqc Thai NguySn, tr.30
Trang 8dpng thflc tifin Chi nhfl vfiy, con ngfldi
mdi phat triln mfit cfieh tfl do theo dung
ngMa eua nd
Ciing vdi vific dat dfldc tfl do, trong xfi
hpi phfit triln bin viing, con ngfldi phai
dupe tsio dilu kifin de phfit trien tofin difin
ve mpi mat; dfle, tri the, my Con ngfldi
trong xa hdi phat triln bin viing phai lfi
nhfliig con ngfldi vfla cd dflc, vfla cd tfii
cung vdi mdt thi Me khde manh mdt tri
tufi thfing minh vfi tfim hdn trong sfing Hp
bifi't sfihg khdng cM vi ldi ieh eua ban than
minh mfi edn vi ldi ieh cua ea edng ddng,
cua tofin xfi hdi
Ddng thdi, phfit trien con ngfldi lfi trung
tfim cua sfl phfit triln xa hfii, mpi ngudn
lflc phue vu eho sfl phat tridn xa hdi trfldc
hit phai phuc vu eho sfl phfit trien con
ngfldi I.M.Kant dfi cM ra rfing, nhiem vu
tm h|iu eua khoa hpe tflu trung lai "khfing
ed ^ khae hdn la tofin bd vfin mfinh eiia
eon ngfldi"'*' Lfi chu the cua xa hpi, nen
khi con ngfldi phat triln ngfiy cfing tofin
difin, se tac dpng vfi tao ra cfic difi'u kifin di
mpi mfit eua xfi hfii eung ngfiy efing phfit
trien Vi ring, "tri thfle ed thfi thay thfi' cfic
ngudn tfl hfiu khae, nd lfi thfl khdng bao
gid hit, dflng khfing bao gid can Tri thfle
lfi san phim thay t h i cho tfi't ea"®; lue
nfiy, "tri thflc da biln thfinh ngudn tfl hfiu
quan trpng eho xi ngMfip"®, "dfi't dai hay
may rade cM cd the d p cho mfit ea nhan
dung trong mdt thdi difim, mdt ndi nfio dd
thfii; edn tri thfle thi ed thi diing cung mfit
luc dfldc nhifi'u ngUdi eflng stt dung"*'' Bdi
vfiy, nlu phai lfla ehpn cd bfii vfi giai phap
cho sfl phfit triln, tM xa hpi buoc phai Ma
ehpn ed hfii vfi giai phap thuc dly sfl phfit
triln eon ngfldi lfin hfing diu Con ngUdi
vfla 11 muc tieu, vfla lfi dong lUc cho mpi
sfl phat trien 11 theo nghia dd
Tdm lai, kM dUa yeu td vfin hofi, ylu td con ngUdi thara gia clu thfinh eho sU phat triln bin viing eua mpt xa hpi, tfie gia raudn nhlh raanh vai trd cua vfin hoa vfi con ngUdi - ehu thi cua xfi hfii, tfl dd, ddi hdi xfi hdi phai xfiy dflng ehinh sfich vl vfin hda, vl con ngfldi dung din tM mdi ed the dam bao cho xa hdi phfit triln bin viing
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 TO diin triii hgc (1986), Nxb Sfl
thfit, Hfi Ndi
2 Vu Vfin Anh (2012), Chi sdphdt triin
con ngadi (HDI) Tinh Thdi Nguyin giai ddan 1999 - 2009, Nxb Dai hpe Thfii Nguyen
3 Anvil Toffler (1991), Thdng trdm
quyin lUc Tfip 1, Nxb Thfing tin Ly lufin
& Ban Khoa hpc xa hfii Thfinh uy Thfinh phd Hd CM Mmh
4 Bfio d o phfit tridn Vifit Nam http://web.woridbank.org/WBSITE/EXTER NAiyCOUNTRIES/EASTASIAPACIFICEXr/ VIETNAMINVIETNAMESEEXTN/O,eontt entMDK:22416760~raenuPK:487366-pag ePK: 2865066-piPK:2865079-theSitePK: 486752,00
5 Thfinh Duy, "Bi quyfi't eua sfl phat triln bin viing lfi d vfin hda" Tap cM
Tuyin gido, Bfio dien tfl ngfiy 4/4/2012
6 Nguyen Ngpe Hfi, 'T)a.ra bao edng bing xa hpi vi sU phfit trien bin vflng"
Tap ehi TrUt hqc, sd 2/2009
7 I.Kant (2004), Phi phdn ly tinh
thudn tuy (Bui Vfin Sdn dich), Nxb Vfin
hpc, Hfi Nfii
*'* I.Kant, Phe phdn ly tinh thudn tuy (2004), (Bui Vfin
Sdn dich), Nxb Vfin hgc, Hfi N§i, t r l l 7 6
•*' Anvil Toffle, Thdng trdm quyin lUc flSSl) T^p 1,
Nxb Th6ng tin Ly lufin & Ban Khoa hoc xa h$i Thfinh
uy Thfinh pho Hfi ChiMinh, tr.l20
( « D a d 5 n ( 5 ) t r l 2 5
<^ Da d i n (5) tr.91