Bai nghien ctfu trinh bay mdt sd'va'n de xung quanh BDG ttong giao due tai tinh Thdi Nguyen - vafn de dang dtfdc quan tam hien nay.. Nd'u vd'n de gidi phdng phu nff la va'n de cd ban nhd
Trang 1BINH DANG GlOfI TRONG GIAO DUG
Of TINH THAI NGUYEN
• MA THI HUYEN NGA - N G U Y I N TH! PHUdNG THAO
TOM TAT:
Binh dang gidi (BDG) trong cac ITnb vtfe ndi chung va ttong gido due ndi rieng !a van de ma
xd hpi hien nay ra't quan tdm BDG khdng nhffng tao stf cdng bang ttong xa hpi ma con tac ddng tieh etfc dd'n stf phat ttien cua xd hpi Vi vdy, BDG trong giao due la va'n dd quan ttpng dd'i vdi mdi qud'c gia Bai nghien ctfu trinh bay mdt sd'va'n de xung quanh BDG ttong giao due tai tinh Thdi Nguyen - vafn de dang dtfdc quan tam hien nay
Tff khoa: Binh dang gidi, gido due, tinh Thai Nguydn, thffe trang, giai phap
1 Dgt va'n m
BDG hien nay dang la vd'n dd dffde ca xd hpi
quan tdm Nd'u vd'n de gidi phdng phu nff la va'n
de cd ban nhd't trong cac va'n de ve quydn phu ntf
tbi quyen binh dang gitfa nam va nff lai Id ndi dung
quan trong nha't, cd't loi nha't, Bdc Hd dd khang
dinh: "Cdng dan deu binh dang trffdc phap ludt
Dan ba cd quydn binh dang vdi dan dng ve ede
mat chinh tri, kinh te', van hda, xa hdi vd gia dinh"
[4] Theo Lien hiep qud'c tai Viet Nam, BDG Id
mpt muc tieu trpng tdm va lau dai md hau he't cae
nffde da vd dang theo dudi trong thdi gian gan day
vi nd ddng vai trd he't stfc quan trpng trong phdt
tridn kinh te - xd hpi, ciing nhtf van hda boa binh
ciia mdt qud'c gia noi rieng vd the' gidi ndi chung
Day la mpt linh vtfc da khia canh va ddi hdi rd't
nhieu nd Iffc tff Nhd ntfdc de'n edng ddng va y thtfc
cua tffng cd nhdn trong bd'i canh chiu anh hffdng
ve ky thi gidi
BDG la linh vtfc rdng vd cd lien quan de'n nhieu
ngdnh, nghd khde nhau Dac biet, trong ITnh vtfc
giao due, va'n de BDG cdng cd y nghia sdu sae vi
giao due la ngdnh ma lao ddng nff chid'm 74 %
tdng so' lao ddng toan ngdnh [ I j Bdi vdy, nganh
Giao due luon xde dinh viec nang cao chd't Iffdng
ngudn nhdn Iffc nff, ttfng bffde bao dam sff tham gia
binh dang gitfa nam va nff trong ITnb vtfc giao due
va dao tao Id rat quan trpng
Tinh Thai Nguyen dtfdc coi la mdt trong ba trung tam ddo tao ngudn nhan Itfc ldn nhd't ca ntfde [2], cho ndn vd'n de BDG trong giao due tren dia bdn tinh ludn dtfdc quan tdm sau sdc Ddy khdng phai la mdt vd'n de eon mdi me, nhffng cung khdng phai la va'n dd cu ky vd cd Ie
se khdng bao gid Id mot va'n de bi coi la "Idi thdi" Khi chpn de tdi ndy, chting tdi mud'n di sdu vao nghidn ctfu va'n de BDG trong gido due d tinh Thai Nguydn hien nay, vd xin dtfara mdt sdgiai
phdp de htfdng dd'n mpt ndn giao dtic c6 stf binh
dang gitfa nam vd nff nham giup eho Tinb ngay mpt phat tridn, nang eao cha't Iffpng ngudn nhan Iffc trong tffdng lai
2 Phtftfng phap nghidn ctfu
2.1 Phi&fng phdp thu thpp thong tin
Cdc sd'lieu dtfdc thu thdp ttf cac tai lieu dd dtfdc cdng bd', nhtf: ede bao cao vd phat trien kinh
td-xa hdicua tinh Thai Nguyen, nien gidm thd'ng ke, tap ehi, cac bdo cao khoa hpc, cdc van ban phap quy dtfdc stf dung lam ngudn tai lieu thu thap
2.2 Phidmg phdp ddnh gid, phdn tich
Phtfdngphap tdng hdp va xtf ly sdlieu: Sau khi thu thdp dtfpc cdc thdng tin thtf ca'p, tien hanh tap hpp, phan to, phan loai, sdp xe'p thdng tin ttdn bang tinh Excel Xtf ly cdc thong tin dmh tinh: Cac sd' lieu dtfpc bieu thJ thdng qua phffdng phdp phdn tieh tdng hpp Xtf ly thdng tin dinh Itfdng: Cac sd
Trang 2lieu tiiu tiidp dtfdc xtf ly tten "Phdn mdm Excel" vd
the hien qua cdc bdng bidu, hinh ve,„
Phtfdng phap phdn tich thong tin: Phtfdng phap
thdng ke md ta, phffdng phdp pbdn td, phffdng phdp
so sdnh tdng hpp
3 Tinh trang BDG trong giao due ^ tinh Thai
Nguyen
3.1 Ty le nam - nff vdo hpc trong cdc trUdng
chuyen nghidp
ehi gan tffdng dffdng so vdi nff gidi; nam 2017 nam hpc dai hpc la 47,16% trong khi nff la 52,84% So vdi nam gidi, nhtfng ndm trtfdc ddy, nff gidi dffde dd'n trffdng it hdn, dac bidt d nhffng ca'p hpc cao, nguydn nhdn chu ye'u la do da phan phu ntf phai dam dffdng trach nhiem ca cham lo cho gia dinb
vd kie'm tien Phu nff cflng chiu trach nhidm chinh trong viec cham sdc con cai, ngffdi d'm, ngffdi gid
vd ngffdi tan tat ttong gia dinh, thay the cho nhffng
Bang 1 Cd c a u sinh vien trong c a c triidng trung c d p , c a o d d n g , dqi hoc
B$chpc
Trung cap
(Chuyen nghif p va nghe)
Cao dang
Dai hoc
Nam 2013
ND
42,43
56,38 52,26
Nam
57,57
43,62 47,74
Nam 2014
NO
45,33
57,47 46,84
Nam
54,67
42.53 53.16
Nam 2015
NO
47,29
56,81 54.61
Nam
52,71
43,19 46,39
Nam 2016
NO
47,36
63,23 55,41
Nam
52,64
36,77 44,59
Nam 2017
NO
40,89
69,01 52.84
Nam
59.11
30.99 47.16
Theo sd lieu Bdng 1, cdc edp hoe trdn dia ban
tinh khdng eo sff chdnh Idch ldn, dac biet bdc trung
cap va dai hpc Sd' Iffdng nam vd nff tffdng dd'i
ngang bang nhau, tuy nhidn d bac cao dang cd sd
chdch lech khd rd Ty Id nff d trinh dp trung cd'p
giam ttf 42,43 % nam 2013 xud'ng con 40,89% nam
2017, sd Iffdng nff d cd'p hpe nay eung tha'p hdn so
vdi nam gidi, do vdi hinh thffc ddo tao nghe {cP
khi, ky thudt didn, didn tff, vidn thdng ) thffdng tiiu
hut nhieu nam theo hoc hdn ntf Thay vao dd, ty le
nff cd tiinh dp cao ddng tdng dan qua cdc nam tff
56,38% nam 2013 Idn 69,01% ndm 2017 va ed sff
each biet ve Iffpng so vdi nam gidi, ndm 2017 so'
sinh vien nff theo hpc bac nay ldn hPn ga'p ddi smb
vidn nam Dieu nay cho thd'y da cd bffdc tid'n trong
BDG trong ITnh vffe gido due giffa nam vd nff Xet
d ca'p dai hpc, sd' Iffdng nam theo hoc trinh dp nay
Ngudn: Theo tinh todn cda tdc gid
dich vu ma cdng ddng vd xd hdi cung ca'p Nhff vdy, so vdi nam gidi, phu ntf dtfdng nhff co it ed hdi de'n trtfdng hdn vd phai dtfdng dau vdi nhieu khd khan hdn Tuy nhien, vdi stf xud't hien cua cac loai hinh gido due khdng ehinh quy, ehu ye'u danh cho ngtfdi ldn, ttong do ed phu nff, cac chffdng trinh ndy
da lao nhieu cd hdi hpc tap dd'i vdi nff hPn rd't nhieu so vdi trffde
3.2 Ty Ii nam' nd theo hpc Idp xda ma chff, bd tuc vdn hoa
Bang 2 eho tha'y ve ty Id theo hpc Idp xoa mu chff, bd tuc van hda trong 5 nam qua, tre em gdi it
eP hpi dtfdc de'n trffdng so vdi nam gidi, hpc sinh ntf chi bdng 1/4 so vdi hoc sinh nam Dieu ndy chffng
td chffa ed sff tie'n bd trong BDG ve va'n de xda mu chff, bd tuc van hda, cung nhtf cdng tac phd cap giao due cho hpc vien nff dat thdnh qua chffa cao
Bang 2 Ty le theo hoc Idp xoa mii chiJ, bo tuc v a n hoo c u a hai gidi
Dvt: Ngtfdi
Giai
Tong
NO
Nam
Nam 2013
So luong
3,715
725
2 990
%
100
19,52
80,48
Nam 2014
Sfi luong 2.088
443
1.645
%
100 21,22 78,78
Nam 2015
So laqng 1.783
402 1.381
%
100 22,55 77,45
Nam 2016
So loong 2.249
563 1.686
%
100 25.03 74.97
Nam 2017
So lopng 1.788
446 1.342
%
100
24.94 75,06
Ngudn: Nien gidm thdng ke tinh Thdi Nguyin 2017
Trang 33.3 Ty le gidng vien nff trong cdc trffdng
chuyen nghiep
Bang 3 Ty le giang vien pCT trong cdc trtfdng
trung cdp, coo ddng, dqi hoc
Dvt: %
hpc
Trung cap
Cao dang
Elai hoc
Nam
2013
35,70
54,31
56,86
Nam
2014
43,54
52,99
58,06
Nam
2015
47,18 64,18 57,34
Nam
2016
44,72 55,36 57,94
Nam
2017
41.15 56.37 57.70
Ngudn: Theo tinh loan cda tdc gid
Xet tren pham vi toan tinh, khoang edeh BBD
giffa nam va ntf giang day trong cdc trffdng chuyen
nghidp dang ngdy cdng co hep hdn 5 cdc bdc Dac
biet, tff nam 2012 ttd lai ddy, ty Id nff gidi giang
day trong cdc trtfdng cao dang va dai hpc ludn cao
bdn so vdi nam gidi (nam 2017, ty le dd la 56,37%
vd 57,70%) Tuy nhien, xet trinh dp hoc vd'n cua
cdc giang vien, cdng d trinh dp hpc va'n cao thi
mtfc dp BBD lai cang Idn
Giao due la mdt trong nhtfng ITnh vtfc dtfdc tinh
Thdi Nguyen quan lam dau tff trong cdc nam qua,
ngan sdch cua Tinh chi cho gido due trong cac nam
qua deu chie'm ty trpng Idn nhd't trong tdng chi
ngan sdch dia phffdng Theo so' lieu trong Nidn
giam thd'ng ke tinh Thai Nguyen ndm 2017, nam
2016, dnh Thai Nguyen da chi ngdn sdch cua dnh
cho stf nghidp gido due - dao tao chie'm 18,7%,
nam 2017 ty Id nay lang Idn tdi 22,2% Bdn canh
do, ngan sdch dnh da ddu ttf xdy dffng mdi cung
nhff nang ca'p stfa chffa nhieu trffdng hpc
vdi nam 2013 So hpc sinh pho thdng nam 2017 Id 205.678 hpe sinh, tang 25.309 hpc sinh so vdi ndm
2013 Quadd,ta thd'y cdsd vdt chd't, dieu kidn hpc tap cua hpc sinh tinh qua 5 ndm qua dd dtfdc cai thien rd net
Nhff vay, sau khi phdn tich ede bang sd hdu neu tren, ta tha'y BDG trong ITnh vffe giao due dat nhidu tid'n bp ttf chi ngdn sdch, ty Id hpc sinh - sinh vien eung nhtf giao vien trong cac trtfdng chuydn nghiep, ty Id nam - ntf theo hpc Idp xoa mii chff, bo tuc van hda Mac dii vdy, cdng tac phd cap giao dijc d tinh dd'i vdi nff gidi van con tha^p, ty Id ni? gidi cd hpc ham hpc vi chtfa cao Cd the ndi, BDG trong ITnh vtfc giao due d Tbdi Nguyen da co nhffng thay ddi ra't cd ban va vffng ehac nhu^g chi mdi d cae bde hpe phd thdng Trong khi do, muc tidu phat trien thien nien ki ydu cau de'n ndm 2020, pha'n da'u xda ba't binh dang gidi d ca bde dai hpc
4 Nguydn nhan d3n tdi bdft binh dang gidi trong ITnh vtfc giao due of tinh Thai Nguyen
Thd nhdt, tff tffdng trpng nam khinh nff Mac dii
hien nay quyen phu nff dtfdc cdng nhdn nhffng ttf tffdng trpng nam khinh ntf vdn cdn tdn tai, ddc biet gan lien vdi cdc ttf ttfdng tdn gido Trai qua cac thdi ky, trong ddi sd'ng tmh than cua ngtfdi Vidt Nam Id lam sao phai cd con trai de nd'i doi ddng tpc, truyen tff ddi nay qua ddi khac Vi vay, W tffdng trpng nam khinh nff ngdy cang cd chieu hffdng gia tang, nhd't la trong ITnh vtfc gido due -ddo lao
Thd hai, vd'n de binh dang cdng vide trong gia
dinh O Vidt Nam ndi chung vd tinb Thai Nguydn ndi rieng, quan nidm: "Cdng viec ndi trd la thidn chtfc cua phu nff" la nguyen nhdn quan ttpng nhat Bang 4 Mot sd chi tieu ve gido due ptid thong cua tinh Thai Nguyen
Cac chi tieu
S6' hpc sinh pho thong (hoc sinh)
So giao vien (ngucii)
So I6p hpc (Idp)
So trudng hpc (tracing)
Nam 2013
180.369 11.138 5.957
440
Nam 2014
186.120 11.584 6.272
446
Nam 2015
191.626 11.542 6.231
447
Nam 2016
198.002 11.640 6.291
448
Nam 2017
205.678 11.672 6.434
451
Bang 4 cho tha'y so'trtfdng hpc pho thdng ndm
2013 Id 440 trtfdng, den nam 2017 la 451 trtfdng,
tang 11 trffdng Sd Idp hpc ndm 2017 la 6.434 Idp,
tang 477 Idp so vdi nam 2013 So'giao vien phd
thdng ndm 2017 la 11.672 ngffdi, tang 534 ngffdi so
Ngudn Nien gidm thdng ki tinh Thdi NguySn 2017
can ttd viec phu ntf tham gia vdo cac hoat ddng kinh te', vdn boa - xd hpi, gido due Khdng nhffng the', xa hdi cdn ddnh gia thd'p y nghTa cua cac cong viec gia dinh lam cho nam gidi thie'u dpng lUc trong vide chia se cdng viec do vdi phu nff Trong
Trang 4cac hd gia dinh, thffdng dinh hinb cac md'i quan he
gidi ngay ttf ddu cua qua trinh xd bdi boa cd nhdn
vd cdn truyen tai chiing ttf the'he nay sang thd'hd
khac Cd nhffng dinh kie'n gidi cua cha me bidu
hidn nhff: quan nidm cho rdng cac em gdi khdng
phai hoc nhidu, md can phai lam vide ndi trd giiip
gia dinb Do vdy, quan didm nff gidi phai ddt nang
trach nhiem nudi day con cai, ndi trd trong gia
dinh, gidi vide nhd; eon nam gidi mdi Id nhtfng
ngffdi can ed ndng life, la ngffdi ra quyd't dinb, gidi
vide xd hdi Chinh vl thd', nff gidi trong ITnh vffe
giao due, ca quyen di hoc, di lam van con nhidu
han chd
Thd ba, nhdn thtfc xa hoi Nguyen nhan can ban
din tdi tinb trang bd't binh ddng gidi trong gido due
la nhan thffe xd hdi ehffa thd'u ddo Mat nhdn thffc
cua nhdn dan cdn han chd Bdn canh do, cdng tdc
tuyen truyen BDG cdn nhidu ban che', chffa thie't
thffc, chtfa phii hpp vd di sat vao dan
Thd tu, cdc the che' xa hpi, cac chuan mtfc xd
hdi, cdc tap quan xa hpi, quyen han, ludt le cung
nhtfcdc thd chd'kinh td'thi trtfdng tdc ddng rd't ldn
den ngudn Iffe nao ma bp dffPc tie'p can, hoat dpng
ndo ma gidi nao dffPc phep tham gia, gidi ndo dtfpc
phep tham gia nen kinh le' - xd hpi dtfdi hinh thtfc
ndo Chinh nhffng thd che' do da quy dinh ddng ed
khuydn khich hay khdng khuyen khich cae dinb
kid'n gidi
5 Giai phap nang cao BDG tronglmh vtfc
giao due va dao t^o S tmh Thai Nguydn trong
thdi gian tdi
Thffc hien muc tieu ve BDG: Nam, nff binh
dang ve dp tudi di hpc, ddo tao, bdi dffdng; Nam,
ntf binh dang trong viec Iffa chpn nganh, nghe hpc
tap, dao tao; Nam, nff binh dang trong vide tid'p
can va hffdng thu ede chinh sdch ve gido due, dao
tao, bdi dffdng chuydn mdn, nghiep vu Tren cP sd
dd, dnh Iffa ehpn cdc giai phap phii hdp vdi dia
phffdng de thffc hien BDG trong ITnh vffe giao due
va dao tao Tren thffc tien, dia bdn tinh Thai
Nguyen co nhieu khu cdng nghiep, thu hut lao
ddng nff khdng ebi cua Tinh, ma cdn d eac tinh
khac tten ca ntfdc Chinh vi vay, can cd sff BDG
trong dao tao chuydn mdn, ndng cao tay nghe cho
lao dpng nff, dd Id mue tieu lau dai va mang tinh
chidn Itfdc Do do cdn cd cdc giai phdp nham ndng
cao BDG trong ITnh vtfc giao diic va ddo tao d dnh
Thai Nguyen, cu the nhtf sau:
-I- Quy dinb ty le nam, nff tham gia hoc tdp, ddo
tao dam bao cdn bang gidi
-I- Lao ddng nff khu vffe ndng thdn dffde bd trd day nghd theo quy dinh cua phap ludt [5] -I- Giai quye't tinb trang bd hoc ciia cac em hpc sinh trffdc 11 tudi, ban che' td'i da tinh trang bd hpc trtfdc 15 tudi
-t- Dau tff manh bPn nffa eho gido due d cac
huydn trong tinh, dau tff nhan Iffc va tai Itfc de cac huyen cd the bat kip btfdc phdt tnen ehung cua thdnh phd'
+ Chu ttpng ndng cao ty Id huy ddng dung dp tudi vdo bac trung hpc cd sd va trung hpc phd thdng
+ Khuye'n khich lao ddng nff ndng cao trinh dd hpe van, nang Iffc chuydn mdn vd dao tao bdi dffdng nghidp vu, tay nghe eho gidi nff nham ndng eao ngudn nhan Iffc nff va Idnh dao nff, dap tfng yeu cau cua hpi nhdp vd phai tridn kinh td' dd't ntfdc
+ Dam bao cho lao ddng nff tham gia cdc khda bdi dffdng ve chinh tri, hanh chinh, tin hpc, ngoai ngtf, ddo tao cdng chffc thi tuydn vd thi nang ngach edng chffc
+ Nff can bp, cdng chffc, vien chffc khi tham gia dao tao, bdi dtfdng mang theo con dtfdi 36 thang tudi dtfdc hd trd theo quy dinh cua Chinh phu
6 Kd't lu§n
BDG trong gido due d dnh Thai Nguyen Id mot nhiem vu can thie't trong qua trinh phdt ttien kinh te'
- xa hdi Idu ddi Trong giao due, can dau tff cho tffng cd'p hpe, bac hpc ve dpi ngu gido vien cung nhff cd
sd vat chd't phuc vu eho cdng tdc dao tao Ddc biet trong ITnh vffe gido due BDG giffa nam vd nff dffde the bidn d ty Id xda mu chff cung nhtf trinh do bie't doe, bid't Viet cua nam vd nff; ty Ie nam vd ntf dtfdc tuyen vao cdc trtfdng ngang bang nhau Id muc tidu chung cua toan xd bdi Dieu nay gop phdn thffc hien muc tieu cdng bang xa bpi cho mpi ngffdi dan trong Tinh, ddng thdi giup eho viec ihtfc bien BDG trong nhieu ITnb vtfc khac thdnh cdng Thai Nguyen la dia bdn cff tru eua nhieu ngtfdi ddn nhdp ctf ttf cae vung Idn can, la cdi ndi van hda ldn cua khu vtfc trung du midn nui phia Bac, nen ddi hdi stf BDG rd't cao; ddc biet, va'n dd gido due, ddo tao ngudn nhan Itfc chd't Itfpng cao cdn co stf cdn nhac stf cdng bdng gitfa nam va nff Ngoai ra, ngudn lao dpng chtfa qua dao tao cho tha'y stf BDG cdn nhieu viec phai Idm ttong thdi gian tdi Htfdng de'n mpt xa hdi phdn vinh, cong bang ve mat xa hpi, thl stf BDG trong gido due la nhip edu nd'i vffng chac cho mpi ngffdi trong cdc hoat dpng xa hdi tid'p theo •
Trang 5T A I LHEU T H A M K H A O :
1 Bdo Phu nd Viet Nam (2015) "Vai tro kep" cda phu nd trong gido due, Hdi Lien hiep Phu nd Viet Nam, truy cdptUhltp://hoilhpn.org.vn/newsdetail.asp?CatId^l6&NewsId-22508&lang=VN
2 Gidi thieu chung ve Thdi Nguyin, Cong thdng tin dien id Thdi Nguyin
3 Niin gidm thdng ke linh Thdi Nguyin 2017
4 Qudc hdi (2006), Ludt Binh ddng gidi, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia
5 Uy ban nhdn ddn linh Thdi Nguyin (2016), Chuong trinh ihUc hien Chien
luac Qudc gia ve binh ddng gidi tren dia bdn tinh Thdi Nguyin giai dogn 2016 - 2020
Ngay nhSn bai: 16/4/2019
Ngay phan bidn danh gia va sufa chii'a: 26/4/2019
Ngay chap nhSn dang bai: 6/5/2019
Thdng tin tdc gid:
1 ThS MA THI HUYEN NGA
Khoa Kinh te', Trtfdng Dai hpc Kinh te va Quan tri kinh doanh,
Dai hpc Thai Nguydn
2 ThS N G U Y I N T H I PHITCJNG THAO
Khoa Quan ly - LuSt Kinh te', Trtfdng Dai hpc Kinh te va Quan tri kinh doanh,
Dai hpc Thai Nguydn
GENDER EQUALITY IN EDUCATION
IN THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE
• MA MA THI HUYEN NGA
Faculty of Economics, Thai Nguyen University University of Economics & Business Adnninistration
• MA NGUYEN THI PHUONG THAO
Facuity of Admlnitrastion & Economics Lav^, Tiial Nguyen University Universit/ of Economics & Business Administration
ABSTRACT:
Gender equality in different fields in general and in education in particuar has been of great concern to the society Gender equality not only creates the fauness but also promotes the society's development Therefore, gender equality in education is an essential issue for each country This article presents some issues of gender equality in education in Thai Nguyen province which has been a concerned issue recently
Keywords: Gender equality, education, Thai Nguyen province, situations, solution