Thi gia việt nam trong vãn tinh di thi hội

Mufin nhd lam mufii danh cd, gia cap day du, Bfin mfia hoa cd cimg phd tuoi t h a J Trd ve, noi cung vua nhu thdy chdn vdn bude len chieu^, Cfing nhu mdt cau chuyfn hay vl sir quan quang

THI GIA VIET NAM TRONG VAN TINH DI THI HOI

NGUYEN DCPC TOAN'*'

Tdm tdt: Viet Nam cung nhu Nhat Ban, Han Quoc, Trieu Tidn, Luu Cau nam trong khu

vyc dfing van ehju anh hudng sau sdc cua van t^, van hda chfi Han Trung Hoa Trong sy giao luu, anh hudng cua van hda Han dd cd mfit sd tho van viet bang chft Hdn ciia cdc tac gia Tmng d^i Vift Nam dugc nhae den va danh gia cao ve nghf thuat ydn chuong trong thu tjch

tiep can dirge vdi t^p Vdn tinh di ihi hgi ?^Bf- ^i^% cua tac gia Tmng Hoa la Ciic nhan - Tfi

The Xucmg, trong dd cd tuyen van tho cua mft so tac gia Vift Nam Nhung bai dugc suu tap

dua vao Vdn tinh di thi hgi dugc danh gia la tieu bieu Tuy mgt sd tac gia da dugc khao cfiu, gidi thifu nhu Phsun_Laip Trai (cd Phgm Lgp Trai tien sinh hdnh trgng khdo), Nguyen De (co

Tha cha Hdn Nguyen Be) nhimg chiing tfii van xin dugc gdp nhat nhftng bai tho nay trong

Tong tdp cua hp Tfi de phien dich lai, mong se bo sung cho nhihig nghien ciru sdu rfng hon trong tuong l^i

Tu khoa : Tho di sfi, tha bang giao, tho doi dap bang giao, chir hau trieu cdng Trung

Hoa, tap Van tinh di thi hgi

Abstract: Vietnam as well as Japan, South Korea, North Korea, and Luu Cau lies in the

same community under deep influence of the Han (Chinese) characters and culture Due to the exchange with and influence from the Han culture there appeared a certain number of Middle Age These works of art have been referred to and highly appreciated regarding their

literary art in Chinese writings During our study of the tha di su (poems made during

diplomatic trips), tha bang giao (diplomatic poems) made by Vietnamese ambassadors, we

have collected Van linh di thi hgi ^Bf ^ l ^ g made by Cue Nhdn - Tfi Thl Xucmg, a

Chinese writer, in which there were some Viemamese authors The collected writings

introduced into Vdn tinh di thi hgi was considered representative works Some of these

a biography), Nguyen De (Nguyin De's poetry in Han characters) but, still, we would like to

introduce them in this collection from Tfi family with the hope of contributing to the studies

in more detail later on

Key words: Poems made during a diplomatic trips; diplomatic poems; argumentative

poems; the dependent countries sending offers to China; Van tinh di thi hgi collection

an tinh di Ihi hoi l « * » i + B , j ^ ^ Qujc Bao g6m ca Hoang di

gom 200 quySn, do Tir Th6

Xuong bien tap Day la tang ttp smi '"ThS ViSn Nghien cihi Han Nom

Than vuong, danh nhan, quan lai, tdng

dao, thufc qufic, Tac pham dugc suu

tap vdo Tap bg trong Tyc lu Tu khd todn

thu ^i^n^'^-$ ^ Nfii dung bien tap

theo thfi tir, bdt ddu tfi vua Khang Hi,

den het cac sfi than nude Luu Cdu Suu

tdp 5780 tdc gid Trong dd phdn Thuoc

quoc a quyen thfi 200 cd suru tdp 19 tdc

pham cua 14 nhd tho Vift Nam Ld cac

tac gia: Ha Tdng Muc, Nguyen Cdng

Hang, Pham Khiem Ich, Pham Lap Trai,

Nguyin Hodnh Khuong, Tfing Danh

Lang, Le Luong Than, Trdn Dang Dai,

Nguyin Chi Tin, Nguyen Bk, Nguyin

Huy Oanh, Tran Vdn Trfi, Ngd Thi St,

Nguy Khdc Tudn Mfit sfi tdc gia da

dugc nghien ciiu sdu rfing vd mpt sd tac

gia chua dugc de c?lp den Thfing qua tu

lifu tfi Vdn linh di thi hgi, chfing tfii

phien dich, gidi thifu 19 tdc pham cua

14 tac gia tren ddng gdp tu lieu tho vdn

cfia cdc thi nhan Vift Nam tnmg dai

• ( ^ ^ ^ ' • ^ l $ j / v O

#=^®^^i?iiF»m-gt&f ^ittjfc-^

Dich nghta:

Hd Tot^ Myc^ ngudi An Nam

Thi tho^i'*, ddi Khang Hy nam thfi

43 (1704), thdng 2 Tdng Muc vdi thdn

p h ^ Hfing Lfi tg khanh sung chfic Phd

sfi din Kinh su Khi thu tCt o Ngp Mdn

Bgn Trdn Dich Hi, Huong Tuyin, Ngfi Canh, Tay Trai^ cung du hdng Hdi thdm nhau mdy ldi, khfing thfing, nen viet chu

ra [dk dam thoai] Tdng Muc xin gidy

but d l vilt, ldm bai tho tang cho sfi than Triiu Tien Hucmg Tuyin va Tdy Trai cung nfii viin Tay Trai ciing dai difn sfi thdn Triiu Tien dap tha lai Bdi cd cau:

Udm hdi khdch dudi dinh sdng biic Chuc quan con goi Dgi Gia khdng"

Sdeh Hdu Hdn thu chfi rang: xua

Chdu Dai Gia, Id chfic quan coi nam tilp dai tdn khdch d Cao Li, nhu chfic Hdng Ifi ngdy nay Tfing Muc chinh la chfic quan

dy Vifc su gia hai ben rdt la hda hgp"

- f i i l i l l M i ^ ® °

Dich nghta:

T^ng sir than Trieu Tien Ddt rfing, mudn van dam ciJit^ rong rufii, Mdi dimg dam thoai mgt ldt thdy chi

y rdt ddc bift

Nhung dao ly tham sau thi xua vin

la mft,

Le nhae y quan lai ciing cd su tuong ddng phu hgp

Sg uy trdi md cac bfin diu kinh cdn hdu chau diing phep

Sai ke si cung v l triiu tu cdnh thinh

tri noi vuong hgi

Nude chay non cao tilng dan cdm

xua nhu vpng lai,

Tren ddi tri dm cd thdy Tfi Ky nfia

hay khfing?

Dich tho:

Trung ngu^n, muon ddm cimg rudi rong

Mdi vua dam thogi y chi thong

Dgo ly thdm sdu xua vdn mgt,

Yquan le nhgc cung luang ddng

Kinh uy cdn than chdu dung phep,

Sivi triiu ly cdnh thinh trong

Nude chdy non cao cdm xua vong,

Tri dm cdn co Tu Ky khdng

2 P t ^ ^

i i i ^ P l l ^ ^ ^ i $ j °

Djch nghta:

Nguyin Cfing Hdng^, ngudi An Nam

Trinh sir than nude Trieu Tien la

Du T^p Nhat, L^ The C3n

Bi6i xanh rufng dai biln ddi dd ba ldn,

Vifim bang tu cd da d^t cfii phia

Giao nam'

Ngoai Lyc kinh ra cung khfing hpc

theo dao ndo khac

i

Nghe chan tam thi mgt nam nhfing tam vu

Mufin nhd lam mufii danh cd, gia cap day du,

Bfin mfia hoa cd cimg phd tuoi t h a J Trd ve, noi cung vua nhu thdy chdn vdn bude len chieu^,

Cfing nhu mdt cau chuyfn hay vl sir quan quang nude ldn vay

Dich tho:

Nuang ddu bien hda ba phen, Viim bang lu cdi Giao nam din gid Lite kinh chugng, khdc khdng ua, Chdn ldm tdm vu cung vica mdt ^ Ldm muoi ddnh cd diu chdm,

Cd hoa bdn tiit khoe trdm sdc nhudn

Vi rdi nhu thdy luu chdn, Chuyin hciy nude ldn suthdn quan quang

Dich ngjjia:

Dia vuc nude d phia dfing, a phia nam

cdeh bien nhau,

Ke trinh dudng Ifii den hon van dam cddu

Uy nghi cdn gift gia l l tu doi Ca tfi, Hpc van cimg si^ ^ sddi va hp Khfing

Ldm \^tbich Ira thdng sufit Idm cdt yeu,

Chang ban gi den thdi no am qua

ngay tdm thuang

?& sfi xa rdi mdy Isp cang them nhd nhau,

Cd biet ben phia ngai cd nhu ta md

nhd nhau chang

Dich tho:

Dong Nam hai nude each xa,

Tinh dudng phdi din du ra^ vgn ddi

Ca tu gia le truyin ddi,

Suy ton hgc vdn ciing ldi Khdng Tiryen

Vdn chuang chugng ldi thong truyin

Chdng bdn gi den sg phien doi no

Xe xa mdy khudt ddn do

Bin kia nhu cd ddn do nhd minh

3 ii^M

Djch nghta:

Phgm Khion Ich"*, ngudi An Nam

Ta Khong cong, Tong doc Lirdng

Quang

Trdi cao cd y gifip tu vdn''

Mach Phdn - Tfi hun due nen, nfii

Q n gifi mft phuang trien tdi kinh Iudn

La nude vdn hiin, nen su van vd diu

cd uy hudng ve ngufin cd, Quyin hdnh noi cuong vuc dfing tdy diu hudng an huf mdi

Thdnh dao tuyen ra nhu mua mdc tudi nhudn,

D I thfic lua tdt tuoi, ngudi phuang xa den Idm khdch phdi nguong trfing Dich tho:

Trdi cao co y giup tu van

Phdn-Tu due chung ndi gidng thdn May thude cung ludng them ve dep, Mgt phuang gin giu ro kinh ludn Hien bang vdn vo uy ngudn cd, Cuang viec ddng ldy lgi duy tdn Thdnh dgo tiiyen ra nhudn mua moc Tdl tuai cung ngudng khdch xa gdn

• ^ \ % ^ : ^

-Dich r^hta:

Tien bac di dudng thudng theo sfi sach

Dpi on n ^ ducc thl \bag, vfi vl dm ngiroi

jAiiroi^xa

E)ln quan quar^ lgi dugc moi^ dn ban yfinvdi^'^,

Say dfic cui^ Iheo lam on thu ti%) Iren

Ggi ldu dfic nhdn nha Chu da k h ^ cd

bien xa'"*,

Lai vui ve theo If cdng ddi Ha den tan

vimg Giang Hodi'^

Loai nhd nhu rau vi ram r ^ bifit bdo

dap su vd han ndy,

Duy ehue van thp cat tudng nhu Nam

Son cd rau dai'^

Dien Iuc bat

Dl duong tien bgc sd ghi,

Dgi an thi dice vd vi ngiedi xa

Quan quang yen bdu ban qua,

Lgm on scry due chieu hoa ra mdi

NMn due Chu, khdp mgi nai,

Vui theo Hg cdng din khai Giang Hd

Co vi ddm bdo an xa,

Cid mong vgn thg nhu Id Ncan San

4 SiX^

Dich n ^ a :

Pham Ldp Trm", ngudi An Nam

Theo Thi thoai gia Hilu Son Trung

TTiira Uong sach Viet Nam tap lugc^^ suu

tap tha cua nhdn st nude dy vdi chuc r^udi

Tho Pham Ldp Trai cd cai cdm xuc uu cd

qufic'', at la cgu thdn nha Le quyin luyin

nude cu vay, the nen dgc bift ghi lgi

Dich nghta:

Tap vinh canh thu ngo^i o Ngodi dfing mdy gian nha don so, Trdi thu cao thdy cd niii xa Anh chieu ta chi cdn nfia sdng, Cfit mdy nhu cat chia d giiia Nude mat nha d dau ddy

Nam thdng ddi md khach cdn chua vl Nhu cd thl di ma hai thufic, Thi cho hdi tham tdi Thuang Nhan^ Dich tho:

Ddng xa nhd cu dan sa, Trdi thu thdy cd niii xa cao vdi Chiiu Id con nua sdng thdi, Cat m^ nhu cdt gida trdi chia ra Nude mdt cdn ddu nda nhd, Ndm ddi md khdch di xa chua vi Thude lien hdi, biet chddi, Xin cho thdm hoi cd vi Thuang Nhat^'

Dich nghia:

Ta long

Vudn xua ddu cue nfia hoang vu

Menh mang trdi ddt, Idm ke trdn trdnh,

Nhieu loan phong tran, ke hfi nho

Xuong benh khdi^ khiu gdy nhu nui,

Tam ldng be tfii vdn Idm ban vdi trang cd

Cd ngudi khi^en ta vui vdi chen rugu,

Hdi fing Tam Lfi^ cd tfing say rugu kh&ig?

Dich tha:

Cd qudc non song doi hit roi,

Vudn xua ddu cue nua hoang toi

Menh mang trdi ddt thdn ldm khdch

Phong trdn nhiiu logn hu nho thoi

Xuang binh khdng khiu gdy nhu niii,

Trdng khuya ldm bgn phdn be tdi

Khuyen minh ldng trdi vui cung rugu,

Hoi cy Tam Lu say nua thdi

•iti^^it: t ^ 1^ Si iPcTt ^ ^ ^ ^

^ i^ ^ / x I] :5" #it.^#it^i^lft-iS-ii^

iL75^^4#it<^-I§l^ ^ li >'X^J#;&#

4 x fx ^ 4 t ^ 1^4^'i^/v^^x 1)3 r a&i«i

^£?'J-?jc>t>-xi4]^^^-it7t,-f^XiI^j^

Dich nghta:

Ngi^en Hoanh Khuong, ngudi An Nam

Theo Thi thogi, giiia ddi Can Long,

An Nam qudc vuong dd Nguyen Quang

Binh^^ liic ddu hanh binh khdng thien triiu, sau noi theo vl, dugc thu phong Vdo nam thfi 54 (1791), nam sau la tilt van thp 80 cua Cao Tfing^'' bat mdn van thp Ben i y trude dd dang tdu xin vao triiu cdn, tren dac im chilu hfia cho Nen den dau xudn sai sfi den cua khuyet Hoanh Khuong Idm Hinh bd Huu Thi lang sung ldm Chanh sfi ta an, Dfing cdc hpc st Tdng Danh Ldng vd Han Iam vien dai chl Le Luang Thdn Idm phd; Hdn lam vien Thi dfic Tran Dang Dai sung Chanh sfi tiln cfing, Dfing Cac hgc si Nguyin Chi Tin vd Han Iam vifn

Nguyen Be lam phd Quang Binh da du

cho Hodnh Khuong, dem chuyfn An Nam trade vdi Xiem La cd su dpng binh

Lo la sfi Xiem La cd ldi tdu, thanh cd gay ban Dau dudi vdo tau Lai lay cd

me minh suy nhugc, sai ngudi di tim mua nhan sdm mang ve Qudng Tay Tudn phfi Tfin Vinh Thanh dem vifc tdu len, Cao Tfing sdc du voi Quang Binh Id sfi Xiem La khfing tdu su gl, lai ban 1 can nhan sdm, sai VTnh Thanh chuyen tram din Quang Binh Thdng 8 nam ay, Quang Binh den yet kien hdnh tai d Nhift Ha, hanh ll nhdp can vd chuc mimg, on le rdt la trgng hdu

Dich nghta:

Kinh hoa bai Ngy chl cho sir than

cac n u ^ Triiu TiSn, Lmi Cau, An Nam

Tiec Idiai Inaxbufii, vua Iuc ^tudnmdi,

Ngdy xuan dm isp, vudn ngir chieu gpi cd

An nhieu dfi ddc phu ca mufin vat,

Hue trgeh Ian rgng khdp mpi ngudi

Yeu min chu hdu, vd v l ke xa, trdi

sinh thdnh nhdn

Ke b l tdi no dfic thdnh, ngam ve

rang ngdi nhu ngudi con mg hieu

Noi ngodi tdm gido hda ciing dugc

may theo bfii cdn dai ndy,

Mong chuc cho thdnh hodng nhdn

thg mudn tuoi

Dich tho:

Vua tiil tiic khai liic ddu ludn,

Chiiu vdo vudn ngu dm hai xudn

An nhiiu dgi due phu muon vdt,

Hue trgeh rgng ban khdp ddng nhdn

Yin vo ke xa trdi sinh thdnh,

Bi ldi no due, kiiu yiu thdn

Ngodi tdm gido hoa may gap hgi,

Thdnh hoang mong chiic thg mudn xudn

6 ^-gsg

^ E l | t ^ ^ ] 8 j ^ o

Dich nghta:

Tong Danh Ldng, ngudi An Nam

Kinh hpa bai Ngu die cho sii- than cac nirdc Trieu Tien, Luu Cau, An Nam

Sdn Nghu^^ ban tfi cho trieu cdn, chua dugc ddy tudn,

Bai ta thien an mua mdc nhieu phen Nhu dnh duong xudn khfing ngimg d&i ca vimg khac,

Dimg huf tiadi dl t[gng c^ r^udi d ^ chda

An hue cdn tham nhudn din ca xuong da, Ngam trdi trfing may cho thda ldng trfing cha me^^

Noi bien ngoai dugc che chdn an dfic, Idm sao bdo ddp,

Nguyfn chuc thanh hoang van thp nhu nfii Tung son.^'

Dich tha:

Triiu can sdn Nghu sdp du tudn, Nhiiu phen nam mdc bdi thien an Duang xudn vo hgn lan kh^ chdn, Hui track ban ra di ddi nhdn Xuang da dn hue cdn nhudn tkdm, Trdi mdy trdng ngdm thda ldng tkdn Due dn bien ngogi ldm sao bdo, Tung cao nguyin chiic tkdnh kodng mudn xudn

7. ^m^

Dich nghta:

Kinh hoa bai Ngu che cho sir than cac

nude Trieu Tign, Luu Cau, An Nam

Trdi men hoang vuar^ md tudn tiec thp,

Thdnh trgeh tung hd chuc mufin tufii

Vudn ngu n ^ xudn tnim khi dm dg) tuoi

Yen tiec xudn nfing ^ ca ngudi

phuong xa

Nhu cac sao cfing dfing dp chau ve

bdc cue,

Uy nhan trong gang tdc nhu thdy

ddng tfi thdn

Ngdm thinh hgi, mfing dugc du

hdng diem noi Minh dudng,

Nfii gdt dgi on mua mdc thanh nhan

Dich tho:

Trdi min kodng vuang md tkg ludn,

Tung hd thank trach chuc mudn xudn

Vudn ngg d?p tuai thdi tiit lot,

Xudn ndng yen dec vienpfntang nhdn

Cdc sao dung do ckdu cgc bdc,

Uy nkan gang tdc ddng tu thdn

Thinh kdi Minh dudng mimg duge du,

Dich nghta:

Kinh hpa bai Ngu chl cho su tihan cac nmirc Trieu Ti€n, Lmi Cau, An Nam Them Ngu ddu dgi mfia can mfia ldng may tuan,^^

Dfi nggc bach^^ den cdng dgi mua mdc da nudm nugp,

Dfic sang nuoi dudng ddu phdn biet vfing xa nghin dgm

Thdn di vfi vl thdn thiet nhu ngudi mgt nha

May dugc bfii yen Chu tiep dai ve thanh quang,

Gdn chuc chen Nghieu^"* trong gang tdc rdt than thilt

Mdi dgi on siing v l noi nude xa, Cfing dang ldi hoa tfi chuc tung dfic nhdn thanh hoang

Dich tho:

Tkim Ngu ddu dm miia mdy tudn, Nggc bgch phuang xa cdng dd gdn Due sdng nudi kkdc ddu nghin ddm

Vd ve nhdn di tga ngudi tkdn May bdi Chuyen tkanh quang tiip Chuc cken Ngkiiu gdn thoa due tkdn Nude xa mdi dgi dn sung ldn, Cung ddng ldi chic tgng due kodng nhdn

9.1!itjt-ft

^ J ; i f e i £ : 5 - # ^ '

i t r i i 3 ^ - ^ P l ^ # '

Djch nghta:

Nguyin Chi Tin, ngudi An Nam

Kinh hpa bai Ngiir che cho sir than cac

nude Trieu Ti£n, Liru C4u, An Nam

Ngdy hoa tuoi dep, gdp tilt vgn thp,

Chen xuan chdn, chfic tiec dong vui

Phuang xa vung cd voi^', dem ngpc

lua chdu dip vuang hgi,

Yin huou thit dai^^, dan sao an ldng

ngudi phuang xa

Trfing cho vdng thai duang nam

thang chieu hoi dm nen van vat,

Chau thifin trieu may sao lgi thda

Idng dugc tfin thdn

Ve nam nguyen cac bale nguyen lao,

Sdm d&i them dan trdng diic bdc chi nhan

10 R^;!

Djch nghta:

Nguyin DI^^, ngudi An Nam

Theo Tki thogi, d l thdi Cdn Ldng,

ham Hdn Idm sung Phd cdng sfi Ddu

ddi Gia Khdnh Igi phimg mfnh sang

chdu, dd thdng Binh bg td khanh, tude

Nghi Thanh hau Vfin Id ddng cfing thdn

nha Le Khi nhd Nguyen dugc ngfii, dfii

hg theo phung su Ldi tha trong bai Ife

Lan Kki ngu gid eung Id cdnh con chau

tdng thdn phdi an ndu, vdy nen cfi cau

Tkii Duang kim nhgt vo nkdn vdn vfy

Dich nghta:

Kinh hpa bai N ^ chl cho sir than cac nirdc Triiu TiSn, Luu Cau, An Nam Thieu quang chin chuc vfia dfi hai tudn^, Vudn kia oanh yen thi nhau bdo tin xuda Rufii sao, rong xe gifi cuong ma theo hdng din dien trdu,

Ao qudn mdy tu chiem bai thdnh nhan Clii trdng ddng anh qudn dfic cao ^ flip, Mdi hay maih ldn d chd kinh ngudi than^ Chirong vangdiifiu n ^ c dn Idn phfi kh^i, Vung sfing Ld, nui Tdn^^ khdn xiet bdo dap, dpi theo ddu nhdn

Dich tho:

Thieu quang chin chuc dii kai tmn Vudn kia oankyin bdo tin xudn Rudi sao, rong ldi diin triiu lain, Mdy tyy quan bdi tkdnh nhdn Mong ddng anh qudn due ddc thg, Thuc hay minh ldn kink ngudi thdn Chuang vdng chiiu nggc dn phU Ididp, Nui Tdn dong Ld dgi ddu nhdn

^^%^^^^^

Dich nghla:

Nghi ff Dong Son, nglu nhifin nh*

den ban chai su^i Lan Khe^^

Vung Dong L6^* xe qua cdnh mua

tuyet bay,

Nglu nhien nho ngudi bgn cau ca

bfin ghenh da

Vfia bang hiiu, vfia anh em, tinh kit

giao rat hgp,

(Ngudi ddnh ca nay vdi tdi kiem

tinh vua anh em vua ban be, nen tdi ggi

IkNkiludnf^

Nhung hai ben, liic ciing Iuc dat, sd

menh lai khac nhau

Chdng xet cai su sai khiln than xdc

ganh vac vifc ddi

Lam sao md rui mdt ^ flidy dugc thdi CO

Chuyfn Thfi Duong ngay xua, nay

cd ai mang hdi

Da de Di Te (S hdi cd vi het rdi

Diln luc bat:

g u a vimg Ddng Ld tuyet bay

Tkdn tdm viec the duang vdy Tkdi ca rui mat tkdy ngay chdng Id Thii Duang chuydn cU ai md

Di Ti hdi co cho qua trgn ddi

n l 5 c # #

Dich nghta:

Nguyen Huy Odnh''°, ngudi An Nam

De vach d Trac Chau^'

Tfi xa mudn dam vang mang dfi quy, chilu thu din,

Trude ddu ngua, may khdi cdn van quanh md ra

Tlii vd do khadi cdn phai va, nhung kin dao, Mang ve dugc trgn hai chir binh an Dich tho:

Chiiu thu do qui dudng ddi

Tui do vd, kin lg thudng, Bink an kai chu ckdc mang trd vi

12 i^xm

Anh em bdng hitu tink ndng