Dd la noi cd thuang cang quan ttpng cfta midn Tnmg thd ki XV XVII hoac xa xua hon la Hai Phd -tien thdn cua cang thi Hdi An, la hP khdu quan trgng de giao thuang vdi ben ngoai cua ngudi
Trang 1KHAO ciru Birdc DAU
VE DIA DANH BAU AU VA NHAN VAT LICH SC NGUYEN DUY KE (DUY XUYEN - QUANG NAM)
Tdm tdt: Bau Au v6n la ten mpt "bau nude nho" - doan cdn lai ciia "ddng song chet"
Khe Thuy phia bd nam song Thu Bdn - Cua Dai Phudng/dp Bau Au - dp Phuang Tri, huyen
Ll Duong (nay la thon Thuan Tri, xa Duy Hai, huyen Duy Xuyen, tinh Quang Nam) la que huang cua quan An sat sft tinh Nam Dinh Nguyin Duy Kd Ong la ngudi duy nhdt hpc hanh, thi cu dd dat va da lam quan Idn dudi ttieu Nguyen (thdi vua Tu Dftc) cua dai ddt phia bac huyen Ld Duong xua hay miet dong ven bien huydn Duy Xuyen nay Ngoai cac bdc ldo nien trong lang, ldp tte khdng bilt Bau Au thdi xa xua la gi, con md cua quan An tpa lgc ngay ben
bd Bau Au cung khoi huang tan lanh Bai viet fren co sd nguon tai lieu tuang ddi phong phu thu thap dugc, bude dau khao cftu dia danh Bau Au va hanh trang ciia nhan v p ljch sir Nguydn Duy Ke lau nay da bi hau the lang quen
Tie khoa: Bau Au; Nguyen Duy Ke; Nam Dinh; Qudng Nam
Abstract: Bau Au is the name of a "small lake" - the rest ofthe "dead river" Khe Thuy
at south coast ofthe Thu Bon River - Cua Dai Bau Au village/hamlet - Phuong Tri hamlet,
Le Duong district (Thuan Tri hamlet, Duy Hai village, Duy Xuyen district, Quang Nam province today) was the hometown of Nguyen Duy Ke, a mandarin under the Nguyen Dynasty He was the only educated person, a successful candidate who was promoted as a mandarin under the Nguyen Dynasty (Tu Duc reign) in Le Duong old disttict's northem area
or Duy Xuyen today disttict's eastern region Apart from some old people in the village, almost all the young people do not know what Bau An was, and his grave on the bank of Bau
An became an unknown grave This research has collected various data about Bau An, and the works and life ofthe forgotten Nguyen Duy Ke, a historical feature
Keywords- Bau Au; Nguyen Duy Ke; Nam Dinh; Quang Nam
I Ve dia danh Bau Au cat/cdn cdt ttdng cao chay dai ven bd
l.L Bdu Au - "bdu nu&c nhd" trin ^^"^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^" ^'^"g ""^ "^^^
"dong song chit" Khe Thdy ^^ "^^^ ^^y ' ' ^ g ^^^S ^^^^^ ^'^^ ^•^"•
„ ^;; , ; ^ , , E>a phdn nhiing khe nude hay ddng sdng Dai dat ven bien Quang Nam do qua • ! * * - 4.1 - u 1 -* 1.;™,
, , J ^- , I , nay hoat dong thuan theo quy mat Ian tnnh kien tao dia chat - dia mao co dac '• —
diem ndi b p la cac ndng cat/ttang *TS D p hgc S u p h a m - D p hpc Dd Ndng
Trang 2rdng cfta thuy ttidu va ddng vai ttd quan
ttgng ve m p thdng thuang trong vung
Trong b p ngan ttang cat ttang xda khd
khdc, xft nay rd rdng khdng dugc thidn
nhidn im dai nhu cae ddng bang tru phft
ttong vftng do trung vd ha luu Thu Bdn
mang l p Didu kien thd nhudng khdng
thupi Igi cho vide Iam ndng ndn ngudn
nude tft cac khe ddng sdng nay cimg vdi
bidn la mach ngudn chinh nudi sdng cu
dan sinh tu ven bd xua nay Theo thdi
gian, cac ddng sdng nay bi khd can, trd
thanh nhung "ddng sdng chdt", dl lai
nhung bau nude trdn dudng chftng chay
qua Khe Thfty d bd nam sdng Thu Bdn
- ddng chdy cd ndi Iidn mien cfta sdng
Thu Bdn - Cfta Dai vdi sdng Trudng
Giang Id mgt trudng hgp nhu vdy'
Cho ddn nay, chung ta khdng the
biet chinh xdc tft thdi diem nao Khe
Thuy dd bi khd c ^ ^ Chi bilt rdng, cac
bau nuoc ldn nhd phdn bd dgc vimg nay
chac chan la dau vdt cdn IP ttdn dudng
chay xua kia cua Khe Thuy: tft Bau
Tnmg Phudng, Bau Au ddn Bau Binh,
Theo dd, ndm d bd nam sdng Thu Bdn
-Cfta D p nay, tten ddng chdy co Khe
Thuy, each Bau Trung Phudng vd phia
nam chimg 1,5 km, Bdu Au la tdn mgt
bau nude nhd nam giua canh ddng cua
thdn Thupi Tri, x | Duy Hai, huydn Duy
Xuyen nay Ten gpi Bau Au dugc gidi
thich Id "bau nude nhd", vi nd vdn la
bau nude nhd hon so vdi Bau Trung
Phudng d phia bdc^
Tren thuc te, Bau Au khdng chi cd
mdi lien he vdi Bau Trung Phudng qua
cdu chuydn v l ddng chay cd Khe Thuy
ma cd the nd cdn lien quan m p thiet vdi
cac dia diem khao cd hpc Tnmg Phudng
Tft ddu thap nidn 80 ciia thd ki trude, theo kdt qua khdo cftu bude ddu cfta cac nhd khao cd vd cdc nha nghidn cftu, Trung Phudng cdn luu l p nhidu vet tich cfta nhiing thdi ki lich sft khdc nhau Gan day, kit qud khdo sat dia diem nay ciing khdng co thdm nhidu phdt hidn mdi hon Mac ddu vdy, nhung thanh tyu bude ddu nay cflng da cho phep chftng ta nhpi thftc vd vung dat d bd nam sdng Thu Bdn, sat ngay Cua D p mdt each tuong ddi rd net Dd la noi cd thuang cang quan ttpng cfta midn Tnmg thd ki
XV XVII hoac xa xua hon la Hai Phd -tien thdn cua cang thi Hdi An, la hP khdu quan trgng de giao thuang vdi ben ngoai cua ngudi Cham - D p Chidm hai khdu xua kia ^ Trong do, theo nhd nghien ciin Nguyen Bdi Lien, cfta phia bdc cfta Khe Thuy, tftc cfta khe Trung Phudng, ggi vay Id "Dd phdn bidt mgt cai cfta nfta cung dugc ggi Id cfta khe, dd
la cua khe Tdn An, d dgc bd bien phia Nam, each cfta Trung Phudng chimg 7
km - 8 km Noi nay trong Phii bien tgp luc cd ghi la vung Ha Bay Tdn An, cfta
nay cung hi lap cftng mdt ldn vdi cfta khe Trung Phudng Ngay frudc cfta nay thdng vdi Trudng Giang cflng qua cac bdu nhu Bdu Cdu, Bau Binh, nay thudc xa Binh Duong, Thdng Binh"^ hay nhu nhd nghidn cftu Quang Van C^y cho biet: "Trung Phudng cung la tdn ggi cua mdt cai "bau" (mdt doan cdn lai cfta mdt ddng sdng chdt) Khdi ngudn cfta con sdng nay la sdng Thu Bon (doan sat Cfta Dai), khi con sdng ndy cdn h o p dgng, ddng chay cfta nd theo hudng Tay Bac -Ddng Nam, chay qua Trung Phudng, Tay San va khi tdi gPi Binh Duong thi chay ra bien."'
Trang 3Didu ddng bdn lp do tft gdc nhin cua
cac nhd nghidn cftn, hpc gia xua nay,
Trung Phudng ludn dugc nhin ngugc
ddng Thu Bdn vd phia tay vd thudng
dugc ddt ttong mdi quan he vdi Hdi An
(cung cdc dia danh khac nhu Tra Nhieu,
Hdng Tridu ) ndn it P de y ddn sy tdn
t p cua ddng chdy cd Khe Thuy va vi tri,
vP trd cfta nd ddi vdi vung dat, cu dan bd
nam sdng Thu Bdn keo dP vd phia sdng
Trudng Giang ttong thdi ki xa xua Vi
vliy, Bau Au ciing khong dugc gidi
nghien cftu bidt ddn Rdt cd thd, trude khi
ddng chay Khe Thfty bi khd c ^ , cftng
vdi Bau Trung Phudng, Bau Au Id noi
tau thuyen neo ddu ttdnh gid bao, ho^c
quan trgng hon chflng la noi tau thuyln
^ n h bac, qua IP thdng thuang ttdn cung
dudng nude di tdt hdt sftc quan ttgng ndi
din sdng Trudng Giang hop; thdng vdi
cdc cfta bidn khdc dgc bd bidn d phia
nam ciia cu dan ttong vftng thdi cd xua
1.2 "Bau nu&c nhd" tr& thdnh tin
ldng Bdu Au
Theo kdt qua tim hidu bude ddu cua
chftng tdi, Bau Au khdng chi la danh
xung chi "bdu nude nhd" ttong vimg nay
cd lien quan den Khe Thuy, Bau Trung
Phudng md cdn la dia danh ldng xd
Ndm cd xua nhdt cua thdn Thupi Tri, xa
Duy HP, huyen Duy Xuyen nay Chftng
tdi dua vao cdc sft lieu, can cft nien d p
sdm mudn nhu sau:
1 Van bia chfta Thank Long Bdo
Kkdnk cd nidn dai VTnh Thinh thft 17
(1721) cd khdc: "Phudc diln tin cung
Pham Tu Tin ty Tinh Hanh P h p diln Iuc
mau tam sao hiiu du tinh thd ddng hjuig
tga lgc Bao Au phudng Khd Thfty xft"
^ ^ i ^ ' g ^ ^ j & ^ i f j ^ K i t ) *
2 Phil bien tgp lyc (1776) cd chep dia danh Bdu Ao thudc Tan Dan, huydn Didn
Khdnh, phft Dien Ban^
3 Ngkiin cieu dia bg triiu Nguyin -Dink Qudng Nam (1814) cd chep dia
danh Bau Ao tu chanh dp thugc tdng An Thanh Ha, huydn Ld Duong dugc gpi khdc hoac ghi khdc vdi ten Phuang Tri (cd the hidn dia danh Phuong Tri ttdn ban do d vi tri tiep gidp ldng An Luong, Trung Phudng d phia bdc va lang Ddng Son d phia nam)'°
4 Ban tau ttong Minh Mink tdu ngki (1824) chep "Ap Tft chiing Bdu
Au vdng ddi thanh dp Phuang Tri" (Wjft
•;a^§,#.iitEfc?fj5??d:.E)" thudc huyen
Ld Duong, dinh Quang Nam
5 Dong Kkdnk dia du chi (1886
-1887) chep cd dia danh Ap Phuong Tri ( ^ ^fc e-) thugc tdng An Thanh Ha, huyen Ld Duong, phft Thang Binh'^ (khdng thdy the hidn trdn ban dd)
6 Dja ehi Qudng Nam - Dd Ndng
(2010) chep tu ndm 1920 din nam 1945,
cd xd Thupi Tri thugc tdng An Luong; ttong khi xa Tay Son, Trung Phudng thugc
ve tdng Tdn An cfta phu Duy Xuydn.'^ Trdn ca sd ddi chilu kit hgp cdc ngudn sft li|u nay vd diln da tim hilu vl cac dja danh va nhan v p cd Iidn quan tren thyc te, chi!mg tdi bidt dugc: muOn nhat la tft ddu thl ki XVIII, ten Iang Bau Au''' dd dugc d p theo ten cua "bau nude iihd" - Bau Au ndn cd ten la phuang Bdu
Au Vl sau, phudng Bdu Au xudt hi$n d ddu thd ki XpC vdi ten dp tu chieng Ban
Au, va CO thl ddn ndra 1824 thi dugc ddi thanh dp Phuong Tri thudc huyen Ld Duong^ tdn t p mdi cho ddn th$.p nidn 20 cua thd ki XX khi xudt hidn xd Thupi Tri thugc tdng An Luong, phu Duy
Trang 4Xuyen ducmg thdi Nhu vay, cd thd ndi
Bdu Au Id tdn Ndm sdm rAdt cua lang
dugc bidt cho den nay Vd mudn nhat la
tft dau the ki XVIII, yiing nay da cd cdc
tdc hg den khai khdn, sinh sdng nhu
trudng hgp nhdn v p Pheim Tft Tin da
cftng rugng cho chfta hon 6 mdu d van
bia trdn cho bidt
Ve qua ttinh khP khan l|ip Iang vd ddi
sdng sinh h o p cua Bau Au xua, do sft lieu
gia pha cac tgc hg ldn ttong lang hau nhu
bi mat mat nhidu trong chien tranh, chi
qua tuong truydn cua dan trong IPig md
biet dugc cd cac tdc Truong, Pham,
Nguydn, Ld tft rdt sdm dd ddn khP khdn,
muu sinh Cho ddn ddu the ki XDC, trong
sach nghien ciiu dia bti tten, ve tu cpi, cd
chep ap tft chanh Bdu Ao ddng giap xa
Ddng Son, xd Trung Phudng; phia tay,
phia bdc gidp xa Trung Phudng; nam gidp
xa Dong Son diu thudc thudc Ha Bac
vdi tdng didn tich la 39 mdu 7 sdo 13
thudc, ttong dd Ididng cd' cdng didn, tu
ffidn 34 mau 5 sao 3 thudc, md dia 5 mdu
10 sao; hoang nhan 4 mau 7 sao ^ Trong
so sdnh vdi lang Tnmg Phudng d phia bac
cd tdng dien tich gan 350 mau (trong dd
tu dien hon 9 radu, cdn Ip Id dat hoang
nhPi), ttong khi Iang Dong Son d phia
nam co tdng dien tich hem 1275 mau
(ttong dd tu d i n hon 125 indu, cdn l p la
ddt hoang nhdn), cd the thay, Bau Au la
ldng khdng ldn (chi la don vi hdnh chinh
cdp "dp") va thuc chdt Id mgt phudng/mgt
xdm cua nhdm nhd dan tft xft tu cu ("dan
tft chidng") Cu ddn d day cd mdt bd phpi
sinh sdng bdng nghl ndng nhung cflng
nhu Trung Phudng, Ddng Son chft ylu la
ddn cfta thugc Ha Bac, chuyen lam nghe
ddnh bdt ca - "dan van"
Hi$n nay, n^oai trft cdc khoanh dat
vdy quanh Bau Au la d^t canh tac (mdt
cfta ca ddn ldng thi cu ddn vung nay sdng chu ydu bang nghd bien, phd bien
la cac h o p dgng danh ca bidn, cdo nghdu, lam mdm, dan ludi Cau ca dao vdn cdn dugc dan gian luu truydn vd ddi sdng cfta nhdn dan thdn Thupi Tri nhieu th^lp nien trude ddy eflng phan nao phdn dnh bftc tranh kinh tl/cudc muu sinh xa xua cfta dan Iang Bau Au:
"Ai vd Bau Au thi vd Bau Au cd nghe dan gid cdo nghdu!"
2 Hanh trang va than the cua nhan vat lich sir Nguyen Duy Ke qua cac nguon su* lieu
2.1 Hdnh trcing nhdn vpt lich s^ Nguyin Duy Ke qua sir tfch
Nhu trdn chftng tdi da dd cap, vdo ddu thl ky XIX, dp tft chidng Bdu Au dugc ddi thdnh dp Phuang Tri thudc huydn Le Duong, dinh QuPig Nam Va ttong khi nghien cuu ve nhdn v p khoa bdng cua Quang Nam xudt thdn tft vftng
ddt ndy, tta cftu sach Qudc trieu Huong khoa lyc (Cao Xudn Dye, 1892)", chftng
tdi biet den nhan v p lich sft Nguydn Duy Kd md ldu nay chua ai khao cftu ve hdnh ttang vd than thl cfta 6ng Vdo khoa tiii Gidp Ty (1864), thoi
vua Tu Dftc, trong sach Qudc Piiu Hucmg kkoa lye cd chep:
NGUYEN DUY K E k * M Ngudi lang Phuang Tri huyen Ld Duong (affg^;)!:,) Lam quan tdi chfte An sdt Nam
Djnh (t^^^^iO '*
Theo dd, chiing ta biet dng Nguyen Duy Ke, ngudi IPig Phuang Tri da d5 khoa thi Huong dudi triiu vua Ty Dftc
Dd Id khoa thi nam Gidp Ty - Tu Dftc
Trang 5(thi chung vdi trudng Binh Dinh), do Bd
chdnh Thanh Hda Ld Thugng B p ldm
Chft khdo, B6 chanh Qudng Binh Dpig
Trdn Chuydn Iam Phd Chft khdo Khoa
thi nay ldy dd 28 ngudi, dng Nguydn
Duy K I dd vi thft 24, cimg vdi 8 vi khdc
cfta cdc huydn ttong tinh Quang Nam,
trong dd cd cac vi nhu Nguydn Due
Hoan, Nguydn Huy Thao, Pham Thanh
Thyc da dd cao vd lam quan Idn'^
Ngoai ra, chung tdi cdn tim thdy cac
ngudn sft tich khdc cua tridu Nguydn
ciing cd ghi chep vd nhdn v p lich sft nay
bao gdm Dgi Nam thuc luc chink bien
(Qudc sft quan triiu Nguydn)^'^; tdi lieu
Ckdu bdn triiu Nguyin (thdi vua Tu
Dftc) ^' va cdc vdn ban chep tay cd Udn
quan ddn hang tt^g cua dng dugc luu
trft tai Vidn Nghidn cftu Han Ndm Ddi
chidu cdc ngudn sft lidu trdn, chung tdi
tiinh bay nhung net co ban vd hdnh
ttang nhan v p Nguyen Duy Kd nhu sau:
Khdng ro khi nao, cd Ie ngay sau khi
dS d p , dng da IP kinh, dugc bd lanh
chfte Tri huydn huypn Huong Tra - viing
dat nam sat kinh thanh Hue Den nam
1872 thi dugc ndng Idnh chfte Tri phu
phft Ninh Hda^^ Din cuoi nam 1873,
cha dng mat, dng vd que chiu tang nhu
Chdu bdn Piiu Nguyin cho biet: "Thdp
nhdt nguyet n h p , nhan dinh c P vidn phu
nan, hdi quPi thft chd" ^ Cd the vi vdy,
thdi gian tft nam 1873 den nam 1876,
dng tam thdi khdng gift chfte Tri phft
Ninh Hda, cdn chuc tri huyen huyen
Huang Trd thi dd dugc giao cho Chft sy
Pham Thanh Thyc^^
Thdi gian sau thft tang cha, khdng ro
sau dd dng cd kinh qua chfte vy ndo
khdng, nhung den mua ddng nam Dinh
la Dgi Nam thuc luc chep su kidn dng da
dugc bd nhidm gift chuc An sat sft tinh Nam Dinh va thy Iy vu dn nhiing lam cdng quy ldn cua vftng nay: "Nguydn Bd chinh Nam Dinh Phan Minh Huy, An sat Tdn That Thpi vi cd vide ddu phP tdi Trude Hd ddc tinh ay la Nguyen Trgng Hgp dem tdu hdc 2 vidn ay cac khodn tinh td ( ) chudn cho deu phP giP chux;, giao Bd chinh An sdt mdi (Ddng ST Vinh, Nguydn Duy Kd) hdi ddng vdi Khdm phai Trdn Dinh Lidm xet nghT Den nay
dn dd ldn, Minh Huy p h p php trugng hdt bp: vd tdi do (theo khoan npig nhpi cfta dut Idt), Thpi phai cdeh chfte, cho IP ve nhan tan (theo khoan npig di thdm mg thidu hanh kiem)"^^
Chung ta bidt rdng, dudi trieu Nguydn, d mdi tinh d p ra 2 ty Bd chanh sft va An sat sft true thudc su cai qudn cua Tudn phu hay Tdng ddc Ty Bd chdnh sft (cdn ggi Phien ty) ttdng coi vide dinh diln, dd didu thud khda, tP chinh, hO tich do chfte B6 chdnh sft dam nhidm, ttong khi Ty An sdt sft (cdn gpi Nilt ty) coi vide hinh an (hanh chinh, kidn tung, tu phdp), phong hda ky cuong, trimg thanh quan Iai, giao thdng ttam dich do chfte An sat sft dam nhiem Nhu vdy, cd thl vao ddu nam 1877, sau khi mdn tang cha, dng Nguyen Duy Kd
dd ra gift chuc An sdt sft mgt tinh Idn -tinh Nam Dinh^' Tft day, ong cung vdi
Bd chanh Ddng ST Vinh^* la hai tinh thdn/hai vi quan cd vai ttd cao nhat, coi qudn mpi m p cua tinh Nam Dinh, d p dudi quyin quan Tdng doc Dinh - Ydn Nguydn Trpng Hgp^'
Ngay khi dugc bd nhi^m gift chfte
An sat sft, dng cimg quan Bd chanh Ddng
Trang 6quy khdng Id ciia vimg Nam Dinh
-Hung Ydn duang thai Thdi gian dieu
tta keo dai may nam, vua Tu Dftc p h P
phai quan kham sai Kham phai T r ^
Dinh Lidm kdt hgp vdi hai quan Bo
chanh An sat true tidp didu xet Ngay
30 tiiang 4 nam Tu Dftc thft 31 (1788),
theo tai lidu Ckdu bdn trieu Nguyen, bp
Hp cd trinh ban tdu vd su viec nay vdi
nhd vua, ngi dung chu yeu cho bidt ngay
19 thdng 4, Bd Hd dd nhpi dugc tap tdu
cua quan Bd chdnh Ddng ST Vinh, quan
An sdt Nguydn Duy Kd va khdm phP
Trdn Dinh Lidm tinh Nam Dinh vd vide
xin xet xft cdc vidn quan can du vao vide
an hdi Id Sau ban 2 nam, doi cudi nam
1788, kit qua cudi cung da didu tta ra sd
quan ldn lien ddi trong vy an nay rat nhidu,
nhat la cac chfte quan Bd chanh An sat
tidn nhidm Sd tidn, thdc, gao thidu hut
tinh thanh tiln len den hon 100.000 quan
Hinh p h p bao gdm p h p trugng, gip
chftc/cach chfte, cho lui vd nhan tan, trdm
quyit giam bdi, p h p do het bac ""
Nam Dinh d thd ki XIX la mpt tinh
ldn Duong thdi, vung dat nay cftng vdi
Quang Yen, Hung Ydn, H P Duong
khdng chi cd vi tri chidn luge quan ttgng
ttong vide phdng thft cfta todn h p Bac
Ky ma cdn dugc trieu Nguydn quan tPn
nhiiu v l h o p dgng md mang khai khan
ddt hoang, phdt trien kinh td va thdng
thuang vdi ben ngoai Tridu dinh da cat
cu nhieu ttpng thdn dam ttach viec md
mang, tri an, phdng thft cho vftng ndy
Quan An s P sft tinh Nam Dinh ngoai
vide xet xft cdc vy dn, cdn cftng vdi cac
quan Bd chanh Ddng ST Vinh, Tdng ddc
Dinh - Yen Nguydn Trgng Hgp, Tdng
ttdch coi quan nhidu van de kinh te - xa
hdi khac ttong vftng Su lieu Ckdu bdn
tiidu Tu Due nam thft 32 33 (1879 -1880) cho bilt quan An s P Nguydn Duy
Ke da tham gia ban bac/mp ban, cimg Tdng ddc Nguydn Trpng Hgp, Bd chanh Ddng ST Vinh trinh tdu len tridu dinh, chiu ttach nhidm vd nhidu vdn de d vftng dat dng coi qudn ciing nhu cac vimg ddt lan cpi Dudi ddy la mdt sd su lieu vd cac su kidn cy thd cd lidn quan: (1) Ngay 27 tiidng 7 ndm Tu Due tiift 32 (1879), tdu v l vide dem 100 suit linh md cung sd rupng hon 1000 mau lap lang Binh Hai (vdn la ddn Binh HP,
d tan Lidu Ninh la noi tau be budn bPi, vpi tai ra vao), cho Id thudc vao tdng ST Lam (huydn NghTa Hung, tinh Nam Dinh
nay) vd chidu theo Id doanh didn de chiu
thud thdn, thud rupng; xin tuydn chgn sd trang dinh cua Tdng do sung lam ddn do
dd sai phdi cho tidn viec phdng thu^^-(2) Ngay 15 thang 10 nam Tu E)ftc thft 32 (1879), tdu v l khoan tin lan truydn ttong h p va vide bi m p dd phdng bpn gian cdu kdt; ban tdu tiinh bao trong
h p khdng cd bgn gian cdu kdt, hien t p tinh hinh yen dn.^^
(3) Ngdy 8 thdng 11 nam Ty Dftc thu
32 (1879), tau ve viec xay gao giao nop cho cue Thuang bac dang do Pham Phft Thft^ coi quan Tdng ddc HP - An Pham Phu Thft tau rang quan nha dudi quyen cac tinh than ttong viing chua ldm kip vide xay gao giao nop, nen sd tidn bdi thudng nay, trdn cdn cft vidn quan lam vide so sudt va tinh tlidn hP tmh khdng cd gao giao nop chuyen chd la Tudn phu H P Duong Ld Tien Thdng, quan An sdt tinh Nam Dinh Nguyen Duy Ke, Tdng doc H P
Trang 7Ydn Nguydn Trong Hgp chiu ttach nhiem
chia nhau bdi thudng^^
(4) Ndm Tu Dftc thft 33 (1880), tdu
v l vide cdp rugng cho xa Bmh Hai Ly ye
tinh hinh khai hoang d vftng bai bidn
thudc Binh Hai Li, dd nghi cdeh chia
rugng da khai khdn, cP;h td chfte ddn xa
va each dinh mfte thue ma hdng nam
Sau thdi gian nay, chua tim tiiay
them sft tjch nao ghi chep vd hanh ttang
cua dng
2.2 Tir tirang truyin ve ngoi mp
quan An & bin b& Bdu Au xua din
sg-xdc dinh thdn thi, hdnh trqng nhdn vdt
Dp hgc cdp hai - cap ba, khdng chi
nghe kd ve Bau Au mdi ldn theo dng va
cha "ra bau" tham mdng, tdi cdn dugc
nghe nhiiu bac cao nidn ke chuydn rang:
frong lang cd mdt ngdi mp cd cfta quan
An; md dng vdn cdn bia dd nhung khdng
P bidt gi vd hdnh trang va ciing khdng ai
nhpi phan huong hda cho dng
Ngdi mg ddt hidn tya vao trang
cdt/ndng cat cao phia ddng, chinh la khu
md dia cua lang xua nay Md tpa lac ngay
bdn bd Bdu An, nhm vd Bau Au (d thdn
Thupi Tri, xa Duy HP, huyen Duy Xuydn,
tmh Quang Nam nay)^^ Bia mg la lop bia
da Non Nude, du cdn kha nguydn ven
nhung da phu dau rdu phong Bia cd hP
mat, m p am m p duong diu trang hi hoa
van vd cd khac chu CJ m§t duong, trdn bia
ttai^ til m p n]4t, dilm bia ttang tii hoa
vdn ti:en 2 lg hoa rdt dep, phia dudi chdn
bia khdng trang hi hoa van Ldng bia
dugc khdc chft Han: ttdn cimg dd hP chft
ldn DP Nam ( i ^ i ^ ) , ddng chinh giua
khdc "Hoang tridu cao thy Phung nghi d p
phu thu Nam Dinh An sat sft n hiin khao
Nguydn hdu • thyy Doan True chi mg"
(x^m^t^nxA^ik^^iitam^i^
• ^ n i ^ ^ i i ^ ^ ) Lac khodn hP bdn ghi
"Long Phi Tan Ty manh ha nguyet cdc dan" ( | | ? l ^ - ^ e a k i f t - § - ' ) vd "Chanh tiidt NguySn Tiii, thu thdt Ld Thi, ty nam Trpng Tudn, dieh tdn Cau Lu/ Ld ddng
lap tiiach" (J^-^?^^;tt:%Xm^i^^-!^
^.^^^3.^) M p am bia cd bP minh
ddi 56 chft (phan ldn la cac didn ddn tft
Kinh Thi va eac dien tich khdc) vdi npi
dung ddy thuong cdm vd tinh phu tft va ndi nidm tft bidt^^
Van bia cho biet chu nhan ngdi mp
hp Nguydn Ong cd hai vg, vg ciu'nh hp Nguydn, vg thft hg Ld Khdng ro hp sinh
ha tdt ca dugc bao nhieu con chau, chi bidt con ttai trudng ten la Nguyen Trgng Tudn (Pt-ft.^), dich tdn la Nguyen Can
Lu/Ld (^^^) Cdng nghidp lan nhdt
cua dng la Quan An sat sft, dugc truy thp Phung nghi d p phu, tude Hau Bia
md quan An dd dugc lap vao mgt ngdy mfta ha nam TanTy (1881)
Kit hgp, ddi chilu vdi kit qua khdo sat dia danh Bau Au Phuong Tri -Thu^n Tri ciing nhu nhiing tu lidu sft tich vd hanh trsmg cfta quan An sdt su tinh Nam Dinh Nguyen Duy Kd nhu trdn
da trinh bay, vide Iuu truyen ve ngdi mfl quan An cfta ddn ldng va ngi dung van bia ngdi md ttong IPig nay la cft lipu cho phep chftng toi xac dinh chu nhdn ngdi md cd hien nay d thdn Thupi Tri,
xa Duy Hdi, huydn Duy Xuydn, tinh Qudng Nam chinh Id dng Nguyen Duy
Kd (f^-\%mf^
Dilu dang tide la, cho den hidn tp,
do phdn ldn gia pha cac tgc hp bi thdt lac, mdt mat ttong chien ttanh ndn vide tmy tim gia pha cua cac chi phdi tdc Nguyin d thdn Thupi Tri va vftng lan cpi cd Iidn quan den than thl cua dng gap nhiiu khd khan vd chua cd ket qua
Trang 8Vi vay, tten co sd tdng hgp tu lieu bude
ddu thu thap dugc, xin luge thup nhiing
dieu dd bidt vd thdn thl va hanh ttang
cfta dng nhu sau:
Ong Nguydn Duy Ke sinh d dp
Phuong Tri, tdng An Thanh Ha, huydn
Ld Duong, phu Thdng Binh (nay la thdn
Thupi Tri, xa Duy Hdi, huydn Duy
Xuyen, tinh Qudng Nam) Hidn chua ro
dng sinh nam nao
Do chua tim dugc gia phd tgc hg va
chua thdy sft lieu ghi chep nen thong tin
ve tiiPi sinh dng chua dugc bilt nhiiu
Chi bidt phy than dng mdt thang 11 nam
1873, dng cd vd chiu tang cha va thft chl
Md phdn phy than dng hidn khdng rd noi
ndo Mg mau than dng dugc tPig tren
nong cat cao gdn dd''^ Ong cd h P vg, vg
chinh hg Nguydn, vg thft hg Ld Khdng
rd hg sinh h^ tat ca dugc bao nhidu con
chdu, chi bidt con ttai ttudng tdn la
Nguydn Trpng Tudn ( R - f t ^ ) , dich tdn
Id Nguyen Cau Lu/Ld (RI*)J5£)
Ong do Cft nhan khoa thi nam Gidp
Ty (1864), bude vao chdn quan trudng,
Iam quan d nhieu noi va kinh qua nhidu
chuc vu nhu Tri huyen huyen Huong
Trp Tri phu phu Ninh Hda, Quyen Bd
chPih tinh Nam Dinh, An sat sft tinh
Nam Dinh
Ong mat mgt ngay mfta ha nam Tan
Ty (1881), cd t h l khi ducmg chfte An sdt
su Nam Dinh va chua ro nguyen nhan
mP Cdng nghiep Idn nhat cfta dng la
quan An sat sft, van giai t r p chdnh ngu
pham, dugc truy thg Phung nghi d p phu,
tude Hdu MO phan ong tang t p dp
Phuong Tri, t6ng An T h ^ Ha, huydn
Le Duong, phft Thang Binh (nay la thdn
Thupi Tri, xd Duy H P , huyen Duy
3 Mpt so danh gia ban dau va doi dieu kien nghi
Xa xua, thugc he bdu nam d bd nam sdng Thu Bdn, chay dai ven bien; cftng vdi Bau Tnmg Phudng d phia bac, Bdu Binh d phia nam, Bau Au la ddu vdt cua ddng chdy cd Khe Thfty - cd thd la noi tdu thuyen dinh bac, thdng thuong ttdn cung dudng giao thdng quan ttgng ndi tft cira sdng Thu Bdn - Cfta D P ddn Trudng Giang Va tten "ddng sdng chet" Khe Thuy nay, xft ddt Khe Thuy xft han ttong ddi sdng tdm linh cfta cu ddn tft bao ddi cdn luu tmyen den nay va Bau
Au cftng nhu Bau Trung Phudng la nhiing chftng tich cdn Iai, nhae nhd hau the ve mach ngudn xa xua cua xu sd Tft y nghia "bdu nude nhd", Bdu Au ciing dugc d p tdn cd xua cfta ngdi lang nhd be, ra ddi mudn nhat vao dau the ki XVIII Hidn t p , ttong khi Bau Tmng Phudng bi vfti ldp dan, nhdn dan quanh vung theo do lan ddn dd ttdng khoP ddu nen bdu hep dan, chi cdn Id bdu nude nhd, "nhd hon ca Bau Au" tlu nhieu thap nidn ttd IP ddy Bdu Au van dugc gift l p kha nguyen ven nhd cd bd ddt cao va hang bac hd trdng ngan vdi khu mdng lua, khoai, me, dau ma h P mfta mua nang dan ldng canh tac xung quanh Dd
la "ttP tim", "khdng gian xanh" dang dugc gin gift cfta Iang qud nay Trdn bd Bau Au nay la md quan An sat Nguyen Duy Ke Thft nhdt, xet trong lich sft khoa cft Quang Nam, dng Nguydn Duy Kd tuy dd khdng cao nhung dd kinh t^ua nhidu chuc vy va chuc cao nhat la An sdt sft Ciing vdi Bd chanh ty cua quan Bd chdnh Ddng ST Vinh, An sdt ty cfta dng Id co quan giup viec/ cPih tay dac Iuc cho d p thPi Tdng doc Nguyen Trpng Hgp coi qudn viing
Trang 9ldn Cpi Ong cong hien cho dat nude,
nhdt Id phuong didn tti an, phdng thft,
khP khan, giao thong cfta vftng ddt
Nam Dinh ttong phan ldn ddi lam quan
cua minh Bia md dng dd Hodng triiu
cdo Iky Pkung nghi dgi phu thu_ Nam
Dinh An sal su hiin khdo Nguyin hdu
thuy Doan True chi mp Dd cung la su
ghi nhpi vd quan nghiep/cdng nghiep
ldn nhdt cfta dng
Thft hai, xet vd nguon gdc xuat thdn
- tich quan, dng la ngudi duy nhdt hpc
hdnh thi cft do d p vd lam quan Idn dudi
ttidu Nguydn cua dai dat phia bac huydn
Le Ducmg xua hay vftng cdt xa xdi d
midt ddng ven bidn huyen Duy Xuydn
nay Que huong dng Id dp Bdu Au
-Phuong Tri nhd be, cat trdng khd can
cfta ddn v£in ven bien, ven sdng Vao
chdn quan tmdng, dng la mdt quan An
sat thanh lidm, chinh true; vl ddi tu, dng
Id ngudi con gift ttgn hieu dao
Ro rang, dng Nguydn Duy Kd la
ngudi con cfta qud huong, timg thi cft dd
d^t, Iam quan ldn vd gdp cdng sftc cho ddt
nude; quan nghidp, nhdn phdm cfta dng la
tdm guang sang luu tiTiydn hdu thl Tuy
nhien, md dng va mdu thdn ong nay
khdng cd ngudi huong khdi, thd tu Hon
nfta, hien nay Bau Au, md quan An sdt,
khu mg dia ciia ldng xua nay, tdt ca ddu
ndm trong khu vuc giP tda/di ddi, t P dinh
cu ciia Du an khu nghi duong Nam Hpi
An Vi vay, qua kdt qud Idido cftu bude
ddu nay, chung tdi xin kidn nghi vdi cac
CO quan huu quan xem xet cdng tac bdo
tdn doi vdi cac di tich cd xua nay./
L.T.M
Chu thich
1 Ngodi viec can cft vao ddc diem dia
chat, dia mgo nay ciia vimg dat ven biln
Quang Nam va nhan dinh ciia cac hpc gid di
truoc (Tran Qudc Vugng, Nguyen Bpi Lien, Quang Van Cay ), dd xac djnh sir ton t£ii cua Khe Thuy, chimg tdi cdn can cu vao sft lieu la van bia chiia Thanh Long Bao Khanh (co nien dp lap bia nam VTnh Thinh thft 17 tftc nam 1721) cho thay sy xuat hien cita danh xung xft Khe Thiiy, phudng Bau Au (cy thl xin xem phan ttinh bay dudi day); dira vao ky uc ciia cac bac lao nien frong viing, hien con luu fruydn ve Khe Thity va cdn cft kit qua dien dd cita chung tdi ve xii ddt ma cu dan sinh song trai doc theo dia bdn xa Duy Hai, huyen Duy Xuyen nay van khin trong cac dip ciing te
2 Nha nghien cuu Nguyen Bpi Lien cho rdng: "6 day (Trung Phudng - tg) cd cira bien ngay xua gpi la cfta khe, cfta da bi lap nen trong dia bp Gia Long ghi la xft Khe Thuy (Gia Long kiln bp nam thft 11, 1812, cira bj l4p vao khoang thl ki XV, XVD" (fr.l73) Co thl do la su doan djnh dau tidn ve sir boi Idp ciia d6ng chay cd nay Sy doan djnh nay can phai duoc di sau nghien cftu them Cho den
dau the ki XIX, vi ngoai Nghiin cuu dia bg triiu Nguyin dinh Qudng Nam cho bidt:
Trung Phudng tft chanti xa cd Khe 51 tdm (1 dai), tftc dai khoang han 100m, trong khi Bdu
Au, Dong San d phia nam khong thay ghi co Khe; chimg ta chua cd mpt sft lieu nao ^ i chep cu the han (Xem Nguyen Dinh Dau,
Nghien cieu dia bg triiu Nguyin - Dinh Qudng Nam l 11, Nxb Dai hpc Qudc gia TP H6 Chi
Minh, 2010, tt.330-332)
3 v l ngudn goc tdn gpi Bau Au, giai thich Bau Au la "bau nude nho", y so sanh vdi Bau Trung Phudng Idn han d phia bac
la y kidn ciia ky lao qua cd Ngd Hudng Hidn nay, cac bac lao nidn frong viing con
cd y kiln cho rang do la am dpe lech di cua Bdu sdu vi ben bau xua kia cd cay sdu hoge dudi bau c6 nhiiu ca sau (?!) Tft gdc dp tilp c^n sft lipu bao gom vdn bia, cac sft tich
nhu Phii bien tgp lyc, Dia bg lap thdi Gia
Trang 10Long, nhat la tdp tau nghi vd vipe ddi ten
lang thdi vua Minh Mang deu diing cac chft
Nom la "ife^" bode "ifi^", theo chiing toi,
ngudn goc ten gpi Bau Au vdi nghTa "bau
nude nhd" la xac hgfp
4 Ket qua khao sat ve vdn hoa Sa
Huynh fren dia ban nam 2009 cua Bao tang
Quang Nam (Tu lipu Bao tang Quang Nam
cung cap): Trung Phudng la mpt thon ciia xa
Duy Hai, huyen Duy Xuydn Muc dich khao
sat khu vuc Trung Phucmg dd xem cd van de
gi mdi so vdi cac cupe khao sat tmdc day
hay khong Bau Trung Phudng hidn nay da
can vi bi bdi lap tu nhien, phan ldn didn tich
cua bau dang dugc sft dyng dd ttdng mau, chi
con 1 khe nude nhd Tai canh giing nude
khoan (tpa dp: ]5"5r54"vTBac va I08''23'48"
kinh Ddng) cd 1 ddng gach vun lan mpt sd
manh sanh, sft Vidt vd Trung Quoc tir the ky
XVII den nay Trong do c6 1 chi ludi b5ng
sanh CO 2 Id d gan 2 dau 6 mpt so vi fri khac
ciing chi tim thdy ggch vun va nhiJng manh
sanh, sft Viet va Tmng Qudc tft the ky XVII
den nay, khdng cd gi mdi hon
5 Quang Vdn C|.y, "Trung Phudng va
nhiing di tich lidn quan ddn Hpi An" dang
trong Trung tdm Quan ly bdo tdn di tich Hpi
An, Ky yiu hpi nghi khoa hgc vi khu phd co
Hpi An (ngdy 23-24/7/1985), 2008, fr
164-170 va bP ciia Nguydn Bgi Lien, "Hai Pho
tidn than ciia Hpi An ngay nay", Sd Van hda
Thdng tin QN - DN, Nghiin cieu l\ch sir dia
phuang vd chuyin ngdnh Qudng Nam - Dd
Ndng, 1983, fr.22-29; cung dugc dang lp
frong tap ky ylu Ky yiu hgi nghi khoa hpc
vi khu phd cd Hgi An, tT.no - 184
6 Nguydn Bpi Lien, "Hdi Pho tiln than
cua Hpi An ngay nay", Sd Van hda Thdng
tin QN - DN, Nghien citu ljch svc dfa
phuang vd chuyin ngdnh Qudng Nam - Dd
Ndng, 1983, tt.22-29; ttich tft phdn dang lp
trong t^p ky yeu Ky yiu hpi nghi khoa hgc
7 Quang Van Cay, "Trung Phudng va nhung di tich lien quan den Hpi An" dang trang Tmng tam Quan ly bao tdn di tich Hpi
An, Ky yiu hpi nghi khoa hpc vi khu pho cd Hpi An (ngay 23-24/7/1985), 2008, fr.164-165
8 Dich nghTa la: "Pham Tu Tin tu ia Tinh Hgnh tin cung rupng cac hang cho chiia (chiia Bao Khanh - tg) han 6 mau 3 sao tpa lac tai xu Khe Thuy d phudng Bau Au" Npi dung nay dugc ttich trong van bia dinh Xuan My d thanh pho Hpi An nay Chiia Thanh Long Bao Khanh hien chua xac dinh dupe vi fri tpa lac xua kia nhung dng Pham Hdng Hanh (hau due tpe Pham) d thon Thuan Tri cho biet Pham Tft Tin la ong
tp cua chi tpe Pham d day, Dya vao am dia phuang ciia cu dan trong vimg (dpe la Khe Thiiy thay vi Khd Thity, dpe la Bau Au thay
vi Bao Au theo am Han Viet) va su ton tai eda dia danh, nhan v p trong van bia nay trdn thuc te, chung tdi xac dinh day la sft lidu soTn nhat xuat hien dia danh xft Khe Thiiy, phudng Bau Au
9 Le Quy Don, Phu bien tgp lyc, Nxb
Van hoa Thdng tin Ha Npi, 2007, fr 108
10 Nguyen Dinh Dau, Nghiin cuu dia
bg trieu Nguyen - Dinh Qudng Nam 1, 11,
Nxb Dai hoc Quoc gia TP Hd Chi Minh, 20]0,fr.252,fr.417
11 Minh Menh ldu nghi, ban chep tay luu tcH tai Vien Nghien cuu Han Ndm, ky hidu VHv.96/1-9 Minh Menh tdu nghi la
mpt sft lieu ghi chep lp, phan anh cu the nhieu phuong dien tu kinh te, chinh fri, van hda den qudn su, ddi ngoai cita nude ta dudi thdi Minh Menh, frong d6 cd van de thay doi dia danh it duoc gidi nghien cuu de y ddn Nam ttong tap su lieu nay, ban tau vd vipe thay ddi cac dia danh trdn pham vi ca nude cd "quoc dm tinh bat nha" (tftc cac tdn