GHI DAU NHCTNG B A C TIEN NHAN QUA CAU DOI HAN NOM 6 MOT SO NGOI DINH DEN XlT BIEN HOA, DONG NAI NGUYEN VAN N G O A N ' Tom tat: Bien Hda - Dong Nai cd dugc su phat frien ve mpi mp ddi
Trang 1GHI DAU NHCTNG B A C TIEN NHAN QUA CAU DOI HAN NOM
6 MOT SO NGOI DINH DEN XlT BIEN HOA, DONG NAI
NGUYEN VAN N G O A N '
Tom tat: Bien Hda - Dong Nai cd dugc su phat frien ve mpi mp ddi sdng xa hpi nhu
ngay hom nay la cdng sue cua bidt bao ngudi con da gdp phan dung xay Noi day ghi dau nhimg bgc tidn nhdn nhu: Nguyen Huu Canh, Tran Thugng Xuyen, Doan Van Cy, Nguydn Tri Phuang, Trinh Hoai Due, Biii HiJu NghTa, Huynh Van Nghe, Binh Nguydn Lpc Bai vilt dua fren tu lieu cau ddi chff Han Nom d cac dinh, ddn dd giiip hidu ro han ve cong lao khai pha vimg ddt phuang Nam ciia cac bac tidn nhan,
Tiekhda: tidn nhan, cdng lao, ghi nhan, khai md, xii Bien Hoa, nhan dan
Abstract: Nowadays, the development of Bien Hoa - Dong Nai is marked by great
confributions from different strata of life This place is marked by great works of arts of Nguyen Huu Canh, Tran Thuong Xuyen, Doan Van Cu, Nguyen Tri Phuong, Trinh Hoai
Duc, Bui Huu Nghia, Huynh Van Nghe, Binh Nguyen Loc This paper collects cau doi from
dinh den (temples) to study about the confributions made by the ancestors who explored and
exploit the land ofthe South
Keywords: predecessor, merit, memory, reclaim, Bien Hoa area, people
Dan nh^p
Nhdc din lich sft Bidn Hda - Ddng
N P la nhdc din cdng lao khP pha md
mang bd cdi cfta cac the he tidn nhdn
Nhftng bdc tidn nhan dd la nhung c P ten
nhu Nguydn Hun CPih, Trdn Thugng
Xuyen, DoPi Van Cu, Nguyen Tri
Phucmg, Bui Hiru NghTa, Huynh Van
Nghd, Trinh H o P Dftc tdn tudi cua hg
dd di vao Uch sft mgt each o P hftng De
ghi nhd cdng lao cua cac dng, the he
chau con d Bidn Hda- Ddng Nai da ldy
ten cfta cac dng d p tdn cho mgt sd dinh
ttdn dia bdn thanh phd Bidn Hda - Ddng
Nai nhu: dinh Nguyin Tri Phuang, dinh
Nguydn Hiiu Cdnh, dinh Dodn Van Cy hay nhu dinh Tdn Ldn (din thd Trdn Thugng Xuyen), phudng Hda Binh, Bien Hda - Ddng N P , tuy khdng mang tdn cua dftc dng Tran Thugng Xuydn nhung lai thd dng vd cd nhieu cdu ddi chu Han ca nggi cdng lao, tai nang, due
do va cdt cdeh cua dng
T h p vay, cdng lao, t P ndng, dftc dg
va cdt each cfta cac bac tidn nhan t h p s\r
la nidm tu hao, la nhiing bai hgc vo gia
cho thd he chdu con noi theo ^k ghi nhd
cdng lao ciia ho, the he con chdu da thdng ' ThS Dp hpc Thu Dau Mdt, Binh Duong
Trang 2qua nhiiu each thl hidn nhu ghi chep
lich sft, tac tugng, dung bia, d p ten dinh
va thd cac dng tai dinh Iang Trong
khudn khd bP vilt, chung tdi chi gidi
thidu mgt sd cau ddi Han Ndm ghi nhd
cdng lao, tdi nang, dftc dp vd cdt cdeh
cfta cdc bdc tien nhdn cd cong khP phd
ddt phuong Nam ndi chung va Bien
Hda, Ddng Nai ndi ridng d mdt sd ngdi
dinh tieu bilu xft Bidn Hda - Ddng Nai
1 Cum di tich dinh - den Nguyen
Hiru Canh
1.1 Luge sir vi dinh
Dmh tdn ggi la dinh Bmh Kinh, thd
Nguydn Hun Cdnh nen cdn gpi la den thd
Nguyin Hftu Canh, tga Iftc bdn ddng
sdng Ddng N P , dudi chan cdu Ghdnh
thudc xd Hidp Hda, thanh phd Bidn Hda,
tinh Ddng N P Dinh dugc xay dung vao
khodng cudi the ky XVII, vdi tdn gpi ban
ddu Id mdt ngdi miiu, sau dugc nang len
thPih d n h Binh Hoanh; khi Nguyen Huu
Cdnh qua ddi (1700), ngudi ddn Ddng
N P ttdn ttpng cdng lao cfta dng dd cai
dinh Binh Hodnh tiianh Binh Kinh dl thd
dng, vdi ldng ngudng vgng sdu sdc Dinh
dugc xay dung Ip vao ndm 1851 vd da
ttdi qua nhieu Idn trung tu, kidn ttuc hi^n
tdn theo ldi chu dinh ( T ) , cdc hoanh phi
cdu ddi chft Han Ndm ciing ldn lugt dugc
ngudi ddn xft Bidn Hda ghi tac len tudng,
kham vao go vd dvmg d (Bnh, vdi ngi
dung ndi ve dmh Bmh Kinh vd ca nggi
cong lao, dftc do ciing nhu cdt cdeh cua
bdc tiln nhdn
Nguyen Hun Cdnh sinh nam 1650
t p Phudc Long, xa Chuang Tin, huy^n
Phong Ldc, tinh Quang Binh, la ngudi
con thft 3 trong mgt gia dinh cd truyin
thong danh tudng cfta nhd Nguyen Thud
t P thao luge, van vd song toan Ong dugc chfta Nguydn ttgng dyng ban tude
Le Thanh hau, cft giii chuc C P co Dau ndm Mau Dan (1698), chfta Nguydn Phftc Chu cft Nguyen Hiin Canh vao Nam kinh Iugc thidt lap bg may hdnh chinh vftng ddt phia Nam td qudc, trong
dd cd Bidn Hda - Ddng Nai vd nhieu cdng lao khac da dugc sft sach ghi chep Ong qua ddi ngdy 16 thang 5 ndm Canh Thin (1700) va de ghi nhd cdng lao, tP ndng dftc do cua dng, ngudi dan Ddng
N P da ddi dinh Binh Hoanh thugc thdn Binh HoPih, tdng Tran Bidn (xua) thdnh dinh Binh Kinh thugc xa Hiep Hda, thanh phd Bidn Hda, tinh Dong NP (nay) dd thd dng Song song vdi do, nhirng cau ddi Han Ndm ciing dugc ngudi ddn Ddng Nai Idn lugt ghi tac, bP tti d dinh de thd dng
1.2 Cdu doi Hdn Nom
Due trgng thien thu, kg quSc an kkang khai biin tho;
Cong cao vgn dgi, li ddn kdm cdm tri^u Nam ckdu
(Dftc ttgng ngdn thu, giftp nude an dan md mang bd cdi;
Cdng cao mudn thud, todn ddn cdm kich md phuang Nam)
Bink, pkuc nhi kinh, vgn cd cdng cao anphu&c ikuy;
Kink, khai cuang tkd, tkien thu due trgng phoi thank thien
(Binh, dinh hP kinh, muon tiiud cdng
Trang 3Kinh, khP bd cSi, ngan nam dftc
ttpng sang ttdi cao)
Binh, diin san kd, li nguyen hdm
dgi hiru;
Kinh, khai cuong thd, tkien hg ick
ddng nhdn
(Binh, dinh nfti sdng, mgi ngudi von
deu cd cdng lao;
Kinh, md bd cdi, thidn ha mgi ngudi
deu sinh ich)
Binh, an viin luge tku ki kudn, ton
kinh iku&ng long le hu&ng
Kink, ckiiu Uch trieu xteng vT Hit,
kiin linh bdl mpt tinh thdnh
(Binh, an sach Iugc mudn thud ITnh
chiu an sau, tdn kinh ludn day Ie t l ,
Kinh, dgi bao trieu da qua dung la
chdi Igi, hien Iinh chdng giam Idng thdnh)
Khdng nhae den ten cua mgt nhan
v p lich sft nao, song qua cdu ddi chu
Han Ndm bdi tri d dinh cdng lao, dftc dp,
khi phdch cua nhung ngudi cd cdng vdi
nhPi dan, dat nude nhu dang hien hien
vdi ngudi dPi, ddng hanh cftng ngudi
dan ttong cuOc sdng
2 Cum di tich dinh-den Nguyen
Tri PhiroTig
2.1 Luge sie vi dink
Dmh My Khanh, thd Nguyen Tri
Phuong ndn cdn dugc ggi den thd
Nguyen Tri Phucmg, Id mgt co sd tui
ngudng gdn bd vdi ddi sdng tinh thPi
cfta ngudi ddn Bidn Hda-Ddng Nai tft
xua Nguyen thfty, dinh My Khanh thd
thdn Thdnh hodng bdn cdnh, dugc xdy
d dinh), tga lac bdn hiiu ngan sdng Ddng Nai, xua thudc thdn My Khdnh, tinh Bidn Hda, nay la phudng Biiu Hda, TP Bidn Hda, tinh Ddng Nai Sau khi danh tudng Nguyen Tri Phuong mdt, nhdn ddn Bien Hda da tac tugng vd thd dng tai dinh Tft do, dinh Iang My Khanh cung dugc ngudi dan gpi la ddn thd Nguyen Tri Phuong
Nguyen Tri Phuang ty Ham Trinh, hidu Dudng Xuyen, sinh ngdy 09 tiidng
09 ndm 1800, ttong mgt- gia dinh cd truydn thdng ydu nude vd hieu hgc d tinh Thfta Thien Thud thidu thai, Nguydn Tri Phuong td rd la ngudi thdng minh cd y chi, horn bao vd dftc do hem ngudi Mdi tudi 23, dng da dugc tidn cft vao Iam viec
t p tridu dinh nhd Nguyin Qua ba ttilu vua Minh Mang, Thieu Tri va Tu Due, Nguyin Tri Phuong ludn dugc tin dung
va gift nhidu ttgng ttdch nhu: Thugng thu
Bg L p , Bd Cdng, Bg Bmh, Hidu dien
D p hgc sy Trude qudn thft, dng Id mgt diing tudng va la bac hien tdi ttong ldng ddn Vi mdnh nude, Nguyin Tri Phuong
da di khap mgi mien ddnh dudi gide ngop xam, lap nhidu cdng ttang, ddn ddu dng ciing ddu thu phue nhdn tdm, md mang kinh td d do
Ong qua ddi d tudi 73, ttong cugc tu chidn vdi qudn Phdp t p thPih Hd Ndi Sdng oai hftng, chet oanh lidt, ngudi dPi Bien Hda - Ddng Nai da tdn kinh thd dng vdi nidm tin sdu sac, dng se phu hg cho mua thupi gid hda, cugc sdng dm no hanh phftc Nhieu hoanh phi, cau ddi chu Han dugc ngudi dan xft Bien Hda khdc ghi qua nhieu Idn trung tu dinh d l tudng nhd cdng lao, cdt each cua dng
2.2 Cdu ddi Hdn Ndm
Trang 4Ddng Ngi (Nai), thity thdng sudt bdi
hink bd Iran,
MT Khdnh, dinh ton thdn hp quoc ti
ddn
(pbng NP, thdng sudt bay binh bd trpi,
MT Khanh, dinh tdn thdn giftp nude
cftu dan)
Hp quoc vgn kien thu hudn, vgn cd
thank dank duong Bdeh Viii,
Bdm triiu dinh vinh cdo mink, tkien
thu nghi biiu dgt qudn phuang
(Cdng lao dung xay dat nude, mudn
thud tieng vang Bach Viet,
Vang menh trieu dinh, ngdn thu td
ro uy nghi tdi mudn phuang)
? b m # 4 ^ A 1 • * K a , t • l # l $ J ^ ^ ^
Sink vi lu&ng tdn trung bdo qudc,
hung tdm chung Viet dia lu kki,
Tir kiin tkdn todn ngkia kiru
ddn, Pdng cki cku Nam thien anh kdn
(Sdng lam tudng het long vdi nude,
diing manh hun due khi thidng dat Vidt,
Chet hien thdn vi nghia giup ddn, y
chi tao nen hdn thieng ttdi Nam)
3 Ciim di tich ffinh - den Doan Van Cur
3.1 Luge sie vi dinh
Dinh ten ggi la dinh Tam Hidp, thd
Doan Van Cir va 16 nghia binh ndn cdn
dugc ggi la din tiid Doan Vdn Cy vd 16
nghia binh Theo sft sdeh ghi chep, dinh
dugc xay dung nam 1956 dh tdn thd
Dodn Vdn Cu va 16 nghTa binh, vdi kiln
true theo 16i chft tam (BS), gdm hai phdn
chinh: nhd v5 ca va ddn thd Phdn dinh
(din thd) gdm tiln dien, gian trung didn,
gian chanh dien, gian hdu didn gidng
nhu bao dinh lang Nam B6 khdc 6 dinh, m^t ndm cd 2 ngdy Id chinh la ngdy 8-4 am lich (Id gid chung cfta Doan Van Cy va 16 nghTa binh) va ngay 11, 12-11 am lich (dp Id Ki yen) Theo cac t P lieu ljch sft, Doan Van
Cy sinh nam 1835 t p huydn Binh An, tinh Bien Hda xua (nay la quan Thft Dftc,
TP Hd Chi Minh) ttong mgt gia dinh cd tiiiyen thdng ydu nude Vl sau, DoPi Van Cu ddn cu ngu t p dp VTnh Cuu, thudc xa Tam Hiep, huyen Chau Thanh, tinh Bidn Hda (nay la phudng Tam Hiep,
TP Bidn Hda, tinh Ddng Nai) sdng bdng nghe day hpc, bdc thudc, bi m p tuyen ttuyen, tap hgp luc lugng va chpn vftng Bung Kidu (thudc xa Tam Hda xua) Iam can cft chdng thyc ddn Phap Ngay
12-4-1905, qudn Phap tan cdng vao can cft Bung Kieu, Doan Vdn Cu cftng 16 nghTa qudn dd hy sinh ttong ttpi tdn cdng nay
Dd tudng nhd nhiing ngudi con hy sitih
vi nude, ndm 1956, nhan dan ttong viing
da xdy dung dinh d l thd Dodn Van Cu
vd 16 nghTa binh
Tuy cac tm lieu ndi ve dinh khdng cho biet trude khi dinh dugc xdy dung (1956), noi day da tpa lac mgt ngdi midu hoac dinh lang nao, song can cft vao kieu kidn tnic dinh vd vide td chftx; Id hdi Ki yen cau an d dinh (ngay I I , 12 thdng 11) chftng tdi cho rang: trude nam 1956, noi day (Tam Hiep) dd tga lac mdt ngdi mieu hoac dinh Idng nao do mang ten dia danh Tam Hiep Dieu nay ciing de hidu, bdi ngoP hP can cft dugc dd c^p d ttdn, chftng ta cd thd cdn cft vdo nhiing cau ddi chu Han dugc thidt tri d dinh dd chftng minh cho dieu nay hoac cd the thft soi chilu vao trudng hgp ddn thd Nguydn Hiiu Cdnh 'vd din thd Nguydn Tri Phuong dd ndi d tten Vide xaj; dyng den thd de tudng nhd nhftng bac tien nhan cd
Trang 5cdng ddi vdi nhan nhan, ddt nude Id mdt
vide Iam hdt sftc trdn quy, song song
cftng vdi dd la viec dimg cau ddi chft Han
Ndm d p dd noi din thd de thd hidn, dd
ndi len tidng long cua ngudi ddn xft Bidn
Hda - Ddng N P ddi vdi tidn nhdn ciing la
mgt vide Idm mang nhieu y nghTa Tuy
khdng nhidu nhu d mgt so ngdi den idiac
ttdn dia ban, song nhirng cau ddi Han
Ndm dugc thilt tri tai den thd Doan Van
C!^ va 16 nghia binh cung phPi nao ndi
Idn dugc tieng long cua ngudi ddn xft
Bien Hda vd cdng lao cfta cha anh
3.2 Cdu doi Hdn Nom
Ai qudc vong khu tkiin cd kdn,
Uy link pkii trg vgn nien xudn
(Ydu nude qudn thdn ngan ndm tuoi dep,
Uy Iinh phft ttg mudn nam mfta xudn)
Term, dink tu pkuang viin can tkugng
koa hg thugn,
Hiip, tkdnh tkdn dp vang lai tkugng
kg ton ti
(Tam, djnh bdn phuang gan xa tten
hda, dudi thupi,
Hiep, thdnh xdm lang tdi lui tdn ti,
tten duoi)
Chdnk true bdo an, vgn cd cong
kudn chieu phdc trgck,
Tinh Pung Id qudc, thiin thu due
hiin lgi tkdn dn
(Bao an chPih true, mudn thud cdng
lao td ro phftc lanh,
Tinh trung giftp nude, ngdn nam dftc
hiin la nhd on thdn)
4.Cum di tich dinh - d i n thd Tr^n Thirgrng Xuyen
4.1 Luge sir vi dinh
Dinh tdn gpi dinh Tan Ldn, thd Trdn Thugng Xuydn ndn cdn dugc gpi den thd Tran Thugng Xuyen, tga lac ttdn dudng Nguydn Van Tri, phudng Hda Binh, thanh phd Bien Hda, tinh Ddng Nai Tuong ttuyin, nguyen thfty dinh Id mpt ngdi midu nhd d thanh Ken do ddn lang dung len tft thdi Minh Mdnh (1820-1840), de td Idng ngudng vpng Tran Thugng Xuydn - ngudi cd cdng ldn tton^ vide md mang thuong m p vftng ddt Ddng Nai - Gia Djnh
Khi mdi xay dung ngudi ddn da ldy tdn ggi cua thdn Id Tdn Ldn (xdm mdi)
de t p tdn cho dinh, qua h P Ian chuyen ddi (vao nam 1861 vd 1906), ngdi diPi d
vi tti hien nay Nam 1935, dinh dugc xdy dyng mdi kidn cd hon va dugc d p tdn la Tan Ldn thdnh cd mieu (cdn ggi
la Dinh Tan Lan) Trai qua bao thdng trdm cua lich sft, ten dia phuong nhidu lan thay ddi, nhung ten dinh van tdn t p cho den ngay nay
Trdn Thugng Xuydn tu Tran Thdng
TP, sinh ngay 03 thang 11 ndm At Mfti (1655), t p tinh Qudng Ddng, Trung Qudc Nguyen la Tdng lanh binh ba chau: Cao-Ldi-Lidm dudi ttieu Minh Sau khi phat
cd "bP man phue Minh" that b p , Tran Thugng Xuydn va phd tudng Trdn An Binh dem hon 3.000 quan thdn tin cimg gia quydn ttdn 50 chien tiiUyen den D p Viet xin thudn phue chfta Nguydn Chua Nguyen Phftc Tan chdp thupi cho dng dua lyc lugng ddn xft Dong Pho djnh cu cimg vdi cdng ddng ngudi V i p ddn trude khP khdn ddt d P phat trien ndng nghidp
va md mang thuong m p vftng ddt Ddng NP-Gia Dinh Sau khi dng mdt (1720),
dl ghi nhd cdng lao cua dng nhan ddn trong vimg da thd dng t p dinh TPi LPi
Trang 6Mdt sd hoanh phi cdu ddi chu Hdn cung
dd dugc ngudi dan ghi tac va ttang tri d
d n h d l nhdc nhd thl he chau con ghi nhd
cdng lao, t P nang vd dftc dp cfta dng
4.2 Cdu ddi Hdn Ndm
Tdn nhgt khai ca tkiin cd trdng,
Ldn trinh Ikyy kki vgn dgi kieng
(Tdn, ngay k h P co ngan xua manh,
Ldn, khi lanh sang td mudn ddi hur^)
Tdn, vu sdm ngkiem tkdnh tick vTnh
ton vgn cd,
Ldn, giang todn kieu uy phong cieu
trii thiin thu
(Tdn, bdn phuang ddng due kinh tdn
than thanh mudn thud vTnh tdn,
(Lan, nude sdng chay cugn uy phong
ngPi thu mm sang ngd)
Tg Due sdc phong vi thdn minh vTnh
ton thiin co,
Trdn Piiu do doe dgi lu&ng qudn
ciru tru thien tku
(Vua Tu Due phong ldm thdn minh
mudn thud trudng ton,
Dai tudng qudn Dd ddc tridu Tran
sang m P ngdn thu)
Tien tki khai ca di diec track,
Hdu nkdn ke thudt vTnh luu kuang
(Ddi tiTidc dd l p an dftc khai khdn,
Ngudi sau noi flieo nKii luu tilr^ thom)
Qudng du trir dung mdn dgi tiiu tam
nguyin thiin co trgng,
Triiu nhdn long thdnh hdi, kink huang tu quy vgn nien xuang
(Danh Idn rang cfta cao, ldn nhd tam nguydn mudn thud ttgng,
Bay mdm vdy bidn sdng, huong thom tam tiet van ddi hung)
Thay Idi k i t Tuy khdng nhac^ den tdn cfta mpt nhdn v p nag cu the, song thdng qua nhiing cau ddi Han Nom d mpt sd dinh ciing phan nao thdy dugc cdng lao, tai ndng, due do cua cac bac tien nhPi ttong qua trinh khai md, xdy dung^va bdo v? vimg dat phuong Narri cfta Td qudc Cd
nhidu phuang each d^ thd hidn, dd ghi
cdt each cua cac bac tidn nhan Mpt trong nhiing each da va dang dugc ngudi ddn xft Bien Hda-Ddng Nai lam Id ghi chep lich sii, dftng ten nhdn v p d p ten dinh, tdn ddn thd, tac tugng, dung bia, dung den thg het thay iihu mdt bftc ttanh phdi kit nhdm ca,nggi cdng lao, tai nang, dftc ttgng vd cdt cdeh cua cac bac tien nhan da cd cdng vdi nhdn ddn, dat nude Viec^ dftng cau ddi chft Hdn Ndm dd phd didn cdng lao cfta tien dang ttdn quy va mang nhidu ddu an lich sft, td thdm gam mau ttong bftc tranh ca nggi vd cdng lao cfta cac bac tidn nhdn xft Bien Hda - Ddng NP./
N.V.N Tai lieu tham khao
1 Phan Dinh Dung (2014), Ca s& tin
nguong vd le hpi truyen thong & Biin Hoa,
Nxb Thdi dgi
2 Huynh Ngpc Ddng (Chii bien) (2017),
Tim hiiu lien dSi Hdn Ndm trong cdc dinh, chiia, miiu tinh Bink Ducmg, Nxb Chinh trj
quIcgiasUthp
3 Nhidu tac gia (1998), Biin Hoa -Dong
Nai 300 ndm hinh thdnh vdphdt triin, Ddng
Nai: Nxb Ddng Nai