Nguon goc dong ho ngu-oi Nung Phan Slinh fr huyen Dong Hy, tinh Thai Nguyen Dam Thi Tam Tdm tat: Tic gdc do dan tgc hge, bdi viit tim hiiu ngudn goc ddng hg ngudi Nung Phdn Slinh sinh s
Trang 1Nguon goc dong ho ngu-oi Nung Phan Slinh
fr huyen Dong Hy, tinh Thai Nguyen
Dam Thi Tam<*>
Tdm tat: Tic gdc do dan tgc hge, bdi viit tim hiiu ngudn goc ddng hg ngudi Nung Phdn Slinh sinh sdng tgi huyen Dong Hy, tinh Thdi Nguyen hiin nay Kit qud nghiin cuu cho thdy, phdn ldn hg diu Id ddn di cu tie cdc huyen mien niii cita tinh Lgng San xudng, chi
cd mot sd it tir Trung Quoc sang cdch day 200-300 ndm Ciing vdi thdi gian, cac ddng hg
da sinh sdng rdng khap khu vyc trung du mien mii ciia huyen, trong do ddng nhat la d xa
Tan Long vd Vdn Hdn, cdn cac xa khdc chiem ty Ie it han
Tir khoa: Ddng hg Nung Phan Slinh, Ngudn gdc, Huyen Ddng Hy, Tinh Thai Nguyen
Abstract: From an ethnographic perspective, the article explores the origin ofthe Nung Phan Slinh family residing in Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen province Research shows that most of them are migrants from mountainous districts of Lang Son province, while only a few migrated from China 200 - 300 years ago Over time, clans have spread throughout the midland and mountainous regions ofthe district with a majority living in Tan Long and Van Han communes and a smaller proportion in others
Keywords: Nung Phan Slinh Family, Dong Hy District, Thai Nguyen Province
1 M6- dau
Theo Tdng dieu tra ddn sd vd nhd a
nara 2009, dan tgc Nimg d Viet Nam cd
968.800 ngudi, vdi nhieu nhdm khac nhau,
cu tni chu yeu d: Lang Son, Cao Bang,
Bac Kan, Ha Giang, Quang Ninh, Thai
Nguyen (Ban chi dao Tdng didu tta dan
sd va nha d Tmng uong, 2010)
Thai Nguyen la vung dit cd kha ddng
ngudi Nimg cu trii vdi 63.816 ngudi, chiim
5,7% dan sd toan tinh Hien nay, tten dia
ban tinh cd 5 nhdm dia phuong cua dan tdc
''* NCS., Tmong Dai hpc Khoa hpc, Dai hoc Thai
J^ung: Nimg Phan Slinh, Niing Chao, Nimg Inh, Nimg An va Nung Giang Ngudi Nimg
cu tni d cac huydn Vd Nhai, Ddng Hy, Dai
Tu, Phii Luang, Phii Binh, (Tmh uy -Hdi ddng nhan dan - Uy ban nhan dan tinh Thai Nguyen, 2009: 527-528)
La radt trong 7 dan tgc thidu sd hien sdng tren dia ban huyen Ddng Hy, nhdm Nimg Phan Slinh chu ydu cu tni d viing trung du midn mii cua cae xa: Hoa Binh, Quang Son, Tan Long, Van Lang, Van Han Hien nay, cae ddng hg ngudi Nung Phan Slinh van cdn luu gift dugc nhftng dac trung van hda - xa hdi raang dam ban sic
Trang 2Ddi vdi cac tdc ngudi thieu sd, dong hg
la mdt thanh td quan ttgng teong van hda
tgc ngudi Ngudi Nimg quan niem ddng
hg bao gdm nhftng ngudi cd cimg huyet
thdng, hay cimg "ma" vdi nhau \^ec xac
dinh rd ngudn gdc cua radi ddng hg ngudi
Nimg Phan Slinh teen dia ban huyen Ddng
Hy, tinh Thai Nguyen Ididng chi cd y nghia
ddi voi moi thanh vien ttong ddng hg ma
cdn ddi vdi ca cgng ddng tgc ngudi ttong
mdi lien he, gan ket eua tdc ngudi Can
eft vao ngudn gdc ddng hg, ngudi Nimg
Phan Slinh cd the nhan biet dugc anh em,
hg hang cua minh mac du sdng d cac ban
each xa nhau, tu dd phat huy tinh than doan
ket, gin gift va phat huy ban sac van hda tdc
ngudi ttong bdi canh giao luu, tiep xiic van
hda manh me nhu hien nay
Tren ca sd cac ngudn tai lieu thd cap va
tu Ueu dien da dan tdc hgc dau nam 2019
tai huyen Ddng Hy, tinh Thai Nguyen, bai
viet Iam ro ngudn gdc cita ngudi Nung
Phan Slinh nai day
2 Sff luffc ve nguon goc ngudi Niing a
Viet Nam
Dai bd phan ngudi Nimg d Viet Nam
la nhftng ngudi di cu den tu Quang Tay
(Trung Qudc) Hg di cu theo tftng nhdm
nhd Cd the ke ra kha nhidu nguyen nhan
ciia nhiing cudc thidn di, nhung ehii yeu la
do bi ap biic bdc lot nang ne, bi chen ep,
nhat la bi dan ap, tan sat dam mau sau cac
cugc khdi nghia khdng thanh cdng Loan
lac, cudp bdc cimg vdi nan thieu rugng
dat ciing thiic day hg di tim noi sinh sdng
de chiu hon (Vien Dan tdc hgc, 1992:
279-280)
Theo cac gia pha, saeh eiing, sach hat
ma ddng bao cdn luu giii, hg tdi Viet Nam
dugc khoang tir 10-15 ddi, tiic khoang
200-300 nam Hg chit yeu cu tni theo hinh thuc
khdng du dieu Iden lam mdng nudc, thudng phai khai thae ragt phin nuong ray
3 Nguon goc dong ho ngirdi Niing Phan Slinh d* huyen Dong Hy
(5 tmh Thai Nguyen, nhdm Nimg Phan Slmh d huyen Ddng Hy cd ngudn gdc di
cu tu huyen Binh Gia, Van Quan, Cao Ldc (thudc tinh Lang Son) Cdn nhora Nimg
An, Nimg Inh, Nimg Giang cd ngudn goc tir tinh Cao Bang, hien cu tni d huyen Phu Lucmg, Vo Nhai, Phii Binh thuge tinh Thai Nguyen (Tinh iiy - HDND - UBND tmh Thai Nguyen, 2009: 527-528)
3.1 Nguyen nhdn ng\ibi Nimg Phan
Slinh di cu den huyen Ddng Hy Theo gia pha cac ddng hg cdn luu gift lai, mdt bd phan ngudi Nung Phan Slinh d huyen Ddng Hy cd ngudn gdc di cu tit tinh
Lgng San den va xa hon ve lich su la hg
di cu tii Trung Qudc sang Ten ggi Nimg
Phan SHnh gan vdi dia phuong Van Thanh Chau (Trung Qudc) - la que hucmg cu ciia ngudi Nimg trudc day Tu Phan Slinh la do chuyen am tir Van Thanh Chau sang tieng Viet ma thanh
Theo Tdng dieu tra dan sd va nha gifta
ky vao thdi diera thang 4/2014 cua Uy ban nhan dan huydn Ddng Hy, dan sd cua huyen
la 113.508 ngudi, trong dd dan tdc Nung chidm 14,1% tucmg iing vdi 16.049 ngudi Phin ldn ngudi Nimg Phan Slmh d day deu thudc nhdm Nimg Phan Slinh cd ngudn gdc tii cac huyen cua tinh Lang Son Nguyen nhan chinh cua viec di cu la do dat dai khu vuc hg tiing cu tni d Lang Son bi khd cln, thieu mdng nudc canh tac, thieu ddi trien mien , cimg vdi dd la su gia tang dan sd Nhiing nguyen nhan do khien hg phai di chuydn xudng phia Nara de tira kiem dat dai mdi dd sinh co lap nghiep Cac cudc di chuyen cu nay dien ra vao nhiing nam dau cua thd ky XX, d at nhlt vao khoang nhung
Trang 3nara 1920-1930 va keo dai tdi tan nhftng
nam 1970
Qua khao sat thye te, chiing tdi nhan thiy
cdn mgt ly do chu quan khac dan ddn viec
ngudi Niing Phan Slinh di cu den day, dd la
mau thuan ttong ngi tgc hoac cdng ddng
O mgt so ddng hg, do mdu thudn gia
dinh, ddng tdc, mgt sd ngudi da mang theo
vg con rdi que huang di tim mdnh ddt mdi
sinh sdng Vi du ho Trieu (xd Vdn Mgng,
Van QuanJ di cu den xdm Tan Dd, xa Hda
Binh (huyen Dong Hy) (PVS dng Hoang
Van P., 50 tudi, xdra Tan Dd, xa Hda Binh)
Trudc day, xd Vdn Hdn vdn Id vitng
ddt ram rgp, hoang sa khdng cd ngudi sinh
sdng Ndm 1947, vi mdu thudn vdi hgp tdc
xd, dng Hodng Vdn H da tu xa Hda Binh
(huyin Hieu Lung, Lgng Son) dm theo dng
huang cua td tien xudi ve phia Nam Khi
den xa Van Han (Ddng Hy), dng thdy d<^ Id
mdnh ddt hgi tit cdc dieu kien cd the cu tru
Iam an lau dai nen dinh cu lai day Sau do cd
nhiiu ddng ho a cdc huyen khdc cua Lgng
San (nhu Binh Gia, Cao Ldc, Vdn Quan )
ciing da di cu xudng theo (PVS dng Hoang
Van H., 90 tudi, xdm La Diim, xa Van Han)
Mgt Iy do khac khien ngudi Nimg Phan
Slinh di cu ddn day la do hg khdng nhat tri
vdi each giai quyet cua ehinh quyen thdi
bay gid ve van de mgng dat (hg Hoang d
huyen Huu Lung, tinh Lang Son di cu den
xdm La Diim, xa Van Han, huyen Ddng
Hy) Tuy nhien, sau do mgt sd cd nhdn vd
ddng hg khdng dugc cgng dong chdp nhdn,
phdi quay lgi Lgng San hogc chuyen di
viing ddt khdc sinh sdng do bi gdn cho Id
cd ma gd (PVS dng Hoang Van H., 90 tudi,
xom La Diim, xa Van Han)
Cdn theo ghi chep teong Gia phd ddng
hg Ldng a xdm Ddng Mau, xa Tan Long:
Vao gifta nam 1750, cd hai ngudi hg Lang
phai di cu vao Viet Nam tii ddi Vua Le Hien Tdng Mdt ngudi cd ten la Mmh Tan di cu ddn tinh Lang Son (Viet Nam) sinh c a lap nghiep, cdn ragt ngudi (khdng rd ten) xudng phia Nam ddn nay khdng rd tung ti'ch Minh Tan ban diu sdng d xdm Khudi Ngheng (nay thudc xa Quang Trung, huyen Binh Gia, tinh Lang Son) Ong smh dugc 4 ngudi con teai la: Tang Den, Tang Hdng, Tang Hao, Tang Sen Trong gia pha ddng hg chi ghi con chau cua Tang Den va Tang Hao Tang Den sinh
ra con chau d Tmh Cam, chi eft cua Lang Van Mai, Lang Van Khat va Lang Van Giap
d ban Ddng Mlu, xa Tan Long (Ddng Hy) Cdn con chau cua Tang Hao hien nay sdng
d cac ban nhu Ban Dugc, Ba Bien, ragt sd
di cu ve xdm Ddng Mau, xa Tan Long Den nam 1924, cd mgt sd ngudi di cu den cac ban Tinh Slen (Pet), Quy (Kim Sai), Hoang, Phu (Kim Ne), C i m (Kira Hdng) Day la nhirng ngudi Nimg Phan Slinh dau tien den
lap ban (Theo: Gia phd ddng hg Ldng d xdm
Ddng Mau, xa Tan Long)
Theo Gia phd ddng ho Ldm (Slinh
Lam) d xdm Ba Dinh, ban Lang Mdi (xa Tan Long) va ban Tan Dd (xa Hda Binh):
Ba Td ddng hg la Ly Xi Phimg (vg dng Xi Phung) di cu tii Quang Tay (Tmng Qudc) vao Viet Nara nam 1743, ban dau ngu tai ban Tinh Cam, xa Quang Tmng, huyen Binh Gia, tinh Lang San Cac thd he con chau ddi tiep theo di cu xudng huyen Ddng
Hy (Thai Nguyen) va sinh c a lap nghiep cho den ngay nay
Thye te khao sat cua chiing tdi cho thiy, hlu het ngudi Nimg Phan Slmh d cac
xa Hda Binh, Tan Long va Van Lang cua huyen Ddng Hy deu di cu ddn tii cac huyen Binh Gia, Van Quan va Cao Lge (Lang Son), ttong dd sd ngudi di cu tu huyen Bmh Gia
la ddng nhlt Mdt bd phan ngudi Nimg Phan
Trang 4Liing (Lang Son) do gan ve khoang each dia
ly Dac biet, cd ragt sd it ddng hg cd nguon
gdc la nhung ngudi Nimg Phan Slinh di cu
tnic tiep tu Trung Qudc sang (hg Vuang d
ban Ba Dinh, xa Tan Long)
Ngoai ra cdn mdt nguyen nhan khac la:
sau khdi ngbia BIC Son nam-1940, dd ttanh
su tan sat, san dudi ciia cac phan tu phan
each mang, mdt sd ngudi Nimg Phan Slmh
da bd trdn khdi raanh dit Binh Gia (Lang
Son) dd xudng Ddng Hy (Thai Nguyen)
Theo ldi ke, cd khoang gan chuc ngudi da
phai rdi que huong Binh Gia xuong Ddng
Hy lanh nan va dinh cu lau dai Tuy nhien
vi nhiing ly do nhu tren nen hg raudn gilu
di ngudn gdc cua minh
3.2 Tuang quan giiia cdc ddng ho
Nung Phdn Slinh
Tim hieu cac ddng hg cu the cua ngudi
Nung Phan Slrah d Ddng Hy hien nay,
chiing tdi da thye hien didn da vao thang
1/2019 tai 4 xa: Hda Bmh, Tan
Long, Van Han va Van Lang
Tai cac ban thudc cac xa nay
(khu vyc chiing tdi khao sat)
ciing chi cd ngudi Niing Phdn
Slinh, ngoai ra khdng cd nhdm
ngudi Nung nao khac Theo ket
qua khao sat, ngudi Nimg Phan
Slinh cd cac ddng hg cu the d cac
ban nhu sau':
-XdHda Binh:
Ban Tan Dd (bieu 1) cd 6 hg deu di cu
tft cac xa cua huyen Binh Gia (Lang Son)
den Hg Hoang cd 29 hd (chiem ddng nhat,
vdi 49%^ tdng sd hd cua ban) (di cu den
tft ban Yen Lo, xa Quang Trung), Lam 14
hg (tu xa Minh Khai), Chu 8 hd (tft ban
Tram, xa Hda Binh), Ndng 4 hd (tft xa Hdng Thai), Ly 3 hd (tft ban Code Lao, xa Quang Trung), Trieu I hd chidm 2% (tft xa Hdng Thai),
Ban Ddng Vung (bieu 2) cd cac hg: Hoang, Lam (di cu den tu ban Pan Pen, Minh Khai, Binh Gia) va Ndng mdi hg cd
5 hg (tuong duang 19% tdng sd hg cua ban); Trieu, Luu mdi hg cd 4 hd; Cara (tu huyen Cao Ldc), Ly, Ludng mdi hg I hg (chidm 4%)
Bieu 1: Ty Ie cac dong ho 6'ban Tan Do (%)
49
50
40
30
20
10
0
24
1 14
1 1 i 1 i
Hoang Lam Chu Nong L^ Trieu
' So lieu 6 tat ca cac bieu (ttr bieu 1 d^n bieu 6) tong
hpp tii nguon tu lieu dien da cua tac gia
^ Ty le % dugc lam tron
- Xd Tdn Long:
Ban Ba Dinh (bieu 3) cd cac hg: Chu 1
hg, Bam 2 hd, Duong 1 hg, Hoang 22 hd, Hua 2 hd Lam 28 hd (chiera sd lugng ddng nhat vdi 31 %, di cu den tu xa Quang Tnmg, Binh Gia), Ludng 3 hd (tu xa Gia Midn, Van Quan), Ly 15 hg (tft ban Code Lao, Quang Trung, Binh Gia), Mdng 1 hg, Td
10 hd (tft ban Tnic, xa Pac Khudng va xa Thien Thuat, Binh Gia), Vuong 5 hd (di cu
Trang 5Bieu 3 : Ty Ie cac dong h9 d ban Ba Dinh (%)
'^^•^yy^^ << A v">.ri>'^ <° .^^
Bieu 4: Ty le cac dong ho o' ban Dong Mau (%)
-LjLUil
V^ ^^ # «oV^
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Bieu S: Ty le cac dong hg 6' ban Liing M61 (%)
31
fl
12 1
i 1
cJUX
fl
• 1
II
MM km ''* -^^ ^^V*'' ^'''^ ^'° ^^ ^" •^^'^ "^^
den tir Trung Qudc) Nhu vay, ban Ba Dinh
cd 12 ddng hg, trong do hg Lam chiem sd
lugng ddng nhat, tiep den la hg Hoang, hg
Ly Chiem sd lugng it nhat (mdi hg chi
l%i) la cac hg Chu, Ndng, Mdng, Ducmg
Ban Ddng Mau (bieu 4) cd cac hg: Au 1
hg Dam 1 hg, Hoang 16 hd Lam 4 hd, Lang
27 hd (chiem ty le cao nhat - 31 % tdng sd hg
cua ban), Ly 4 hg Ma 11 hd (di
cu ddn tu xa Bmh Long, Binh
Gia), Md 3 hd (tu xa Thien Hda, Binh Gia), Ndng 6 hg, Phung 8
hd (tii xa Brah Long, Binh Gia),
Td 5 hd Nhu vay, ban Ddng Mau cd 11 ddng hg, hg Lang chidm uu thd hon ca d dia ban, tidp den hg Hoang 19% Cac ddng hg khae chiem ty Id kha nhd, it nhlt la hg Au, Dam (mdi
hg chi chiem 1% sd hg) Ban Ddng May: Chu 11
hd Dang 10 hd, Duong 4 hd, Hoang 112 hd (chiem nhieu nhlt - 54% tong sd hd cua ban), Lam 2 hd, Lang 2 hd, Ldc 1
hg, Ly 9 hd, Mdng 19 hd (di
cu ddn tft xa Van Han, huyen Ddng Hy, trade do hg den tft Lang Son, nhung cac ddi sau con chau khdng cdn nhd gdc tich), Ndng 18 hg (tir xa Hdng Thai, Binh Gia), Phan 8 hd, Phimg 2 hg, Trieu 11 hg Ban Lang Mdi cd 10 ddng hg: Au 1 hd Dam 14 hg (di cu den tu thdn Na Teo, xa Quang Trung, Binh Gia), Dang 2 hg, Hoang 21 hg (tii thdn Thim Sang, xa Hoang Van Thu, Binh Gia), Lam 36 hd (tft xa Quang Trang, Binh Gia), Lang 15
hg, Ly 21 hd, Ma 1 hg, Trieu
3 hd, Vi 4 hg Nhu vay, dong
hg Hoang, Lam, Lang, Ly chiem sd lugng ddng hon cac ddng hg khac Cac ddng hg chidm ty le it la Au, Ma (mdi hg 1 %), Dang, Trieu (mdi hg 2%) (bieu 5)
- Xa Vdn Hdn:
Ban La Dura cd 10 ddng hg, hg Hoang chiera sd lugng ddng nhat vdi 59% (di cu
Trang 6ddn tu thdn Tham Sang, xa Hoang Van
Thu, Binh Gia) Cdn lai cac ddng hg khac
cd ty le gan gidng nhau It nhat la hg Ld,
Luong 1% Cu the sd hd thudc cac ddng hg
la: Bd 6 hd, Chu 13 hd Dam 8 hg, Duang 5
hd, Hoang 92 hd (tft ban Yen Lo, xa Quang
Trung, Binh Gia), Hua 9 hd (tu huyen Van
Quan), Lara 4, Lang 16 hd, Ld 1, Luong 1
hd (tft thdn Na Ao, xa Be Tham, Binh Gia)
-Xd Vdn Ldng:
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Biiu 6 Ty le cac dong ho o* ban Khe Quan (%)
17
S 11
• 10 —
M S 6 li
• 5 • 19 M
S 1 1 i 1 1 1 ^ 1 ^ 1
^•i •^j^vv v v v V* v-^ ^y\# *
ci ban Khe Quan, cac ddng hg hau bet
deu tii cac xa cua huyen Binh Gia di cu den
Hg Duong cd 11 hd Ha 5 hd, Hoang 36 hg,
Hua 4 hg, Lang 1 hd, Ld 21 hg, Long 6 hg,
Luan 1 hd, Lyc 12 hg, Luu 1 hd, Ly 2 hg,
Pbuong 8 hg (chi cd hg Phuang di cu den tft
huyen Hiiu Liing), Trieu 2 hd, Vi 14 hg Day
la ban cd ddng ddng hg nhat so vol cac ban
khac tten dia huyen Ddng Hy (14 ddng hg)
Hg Hoang chiem uu the hon ca vdi 29%,
Ld 17%, Luc 10% (bidu 6)
4 Mgt vai nhan xet va ket Iuan
Nhin chung, sd lugng cac ddng hg cu
tni trong cac ban ngudi Nimg Phan Slinh d
Huyen Ddng Hy la kha ddng, mdi ban ed tu
9 den 14 ddng hg, ban it nhlt cd 4 ddng hg
Cd mgt sd ddng hg cu tni d hau khap cac
dia ban nhu: Hoang, Lang, Lam, Ly Cdn
lai cac ddng hg khae cu tni rai rac tten dia ban huyen Mdi ban cd nhilu ddng hg khac nhau, cae dong hg phan bd d cac ban khdng deu nhau, mgt sd hg chi cd d mgt sd ban cu the nhu dong hg Trieu, Ly, Md Ddng hg
cd sd hd nhieu nhat la hg Hoang, vdi tdng
sd 351 hd, tap trang nhieu d ban Ddng May (xa Tan Long) vdi 112 hd va d ban Tan Dd (xa Hda Binh) vdi 49 hd Tidp dd ddn hg Lam: 36 hg d ban Lang Mdi va 28 hd d ban
Ba Dinh (xa Tan Long), Tinh den nay, ngudi Nimg Phan Slinh da cd mat d huyen Ddng Hy dugc khoang ba the
ky Tuy eac ddng hg cd ngudn goc va thdi diem di cu den khae nhau, nhung hg sdng kha tap tmng thanh timg ban, rai khap khu vyc mien nui trang
du tten dia ban huyen Trong cac ban, khdng cd hien tugng hiera khieh, chia re ndi bd dan tdc, bdi bg cd chung y thftc ngudn gdc tdc ngudi • Tai lieu tham khao
1 Ban chi dao Tdng dieu tra dan sd va
nha d Tnmg ucmg (2010), Bdo cdo ket qud chinh thtic Tdng dieu tra ddn
sd vd nhd a ngdy 01/4/2009, https://
•www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid= 596&ItemID-9782
2 Tinh uy - Hdi ddng nhan dan - Uy ban nhan dan tinh Thai Nguyen (2009), Dja chi Thai Nguyen, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Ndi
3 UBND huyen Ddng Hy (2014), Bdo cdo Tdng diiu tra ddn sd vd nhd giUa ky ciia
Uy ban nhdn ddn huyen Ddng Hy
4 Vien Dan tdc hgc (1992), Cac (/d77 roc
Tdy, Niing a Viet Nam, Nxb Van hda,
Ha Ngi