Bai viet nay de cap tdi thue trang va gia tri van hda dgc dao ciia cae le hdi - nghi lg cdng ddng tieu bigu cua eac DTTS tinli Ha Giang, ddng tbdi dua ra mpt vai y kign gdp phan hoan thi
Trang 1L E HQI - N G H I L E C O N G D O N G T I E U B I E U
C U A C A C D A N T O C T H I E U S O T I N H H A G I A N G :
G I A TRI, C H I N H S A C H V A G I A I P H A P B A O TON^
TS Ly Hanh So'n Vien Dan toe hoc
Tdm tdt: Bdi viet khdi qudt vi cdc li hpi - nghi le cpng dong tieu bieu cua cdc tpc ngudi thiiu so
a tinh Hd Giang (dgc trung vd cdc gid iri cung nhimg bien dot trong thdi gian gdn day); nhicng chu truang cung chinh sdch cua cdp iiy, chinh quyen tinh vd ban, ngdnh, dia phuang trong bdo tdn phdl huy gid tri ciia cdc li hdi - nghi le cpng ddng tieu bieu cua cdc ddn tpc Pen dia bdn tinh, nhimg kit qud vd hgn che ciia viec thuc Men cdc chinh sdch/gidi phdp Tren ca s& do niu lin mpt sd y kiin doi v&i chinh sdch/gidi phdp bdo tdn, phdt huy gid tri vdn hda cita cdc le hpi - nghi le cdng dong tieu biiu phuc vu phdt trien kinh te - xd hpi tren dia bdn (quan diem vd cdc gidi phdp cu thi)
Tic khda: Gid tri chinh sdch, gidi phdp, li hpi - nghi le, cpng ddng, ddn tpc thiiu sd, bdo tdn,
Hd Giang
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 18/12/2019; ngdy gidphdn biin: 2/1/2020; ngdy diiyit ddng: 9/2/2020
Mdddu
Ha Giang la tinh bign gidi cue Bac eiia Td qudc, noi sinh sdng ctia nhieu dan tpc, cd eanh quan thien nhign da dang va phong phu Tir khi Cdng vien Dia chat Toan eau UNESCO Cao nguygn da Ddng Van dugc edng nhan la Di san tiiign nhign thg gidi (nam 2010), Ha Giang trd thanh mpt frong nhiing dja ban hap dan ddi vdi du khach frong va ngoai nudc, lugng khaeh du lich den vdi Ha Giang m6i nam tang binh quan 10% Rigng nam 2018, lupng khaeh du Hch din vdi tinh dat trgn mdt trieu lugt ngudi, doanh thu tir dieh vu du Hch dat gdn 1.000 ty ddng (Bg Van hda, Thi thao va Du lich, 2019)
Trong bdi canh tren, nhigu lg hpi - nghi Ie tieu bieu eiia eac dan tdc thieu sd (DTTS) cua tinh
Ha Giang ngay cang phat Huy dupe the manh nhiing gia tri van hda dpc dao, dupe lanh dao eac cap
va cae ban, nganh trong tinh chii trpng khai thac, khdng chi phuc vu eho du lieh ma cdn gop phan thtic day phat trign kinb te - xa hdi tai dia phuang Bai viet nay de cap tdi thue trang va gia tri van hda dgc dao ciia cae le hdi - nghi lg cdng ddng tieu bigu cua eac DTTS tinli Ha Giang, ddng tbdi dua
ra mpt vai y kign gdp phan hoan thien nhiing giai phap bao tdn, phat huy gia tri ciia cac le hdi - ngbi
lg nham phuc vu phat trign kinh te - xa hdi ciia tinh
' Bai viet la kit qua nghien ciiu ciia dl tai cdp Tinh (Ha Giang): '"Nghien cuu xdy dung chinh mch bdo ion vdphdi huy cdc gid tri vdn hda truyen thdng dpc ddo (tieu biiu) cua cdc ddn toe ihiiu so phuc vu phdt trien lanh te - xd
Trang 21 Thuc trang gia tri va xu hudng bi^n ddi gia tri cua nhirng le hoi - nghi le cgng dfing tieu
bigu cua cac dan tpc thilu sd tinh Ha Giang
1.1 Tong qudt vi nhung logi hinh le hpi - nghi li cpng ddng tieu biiu cua cdc tpc ngudi
Theo nhirng van ban nha nudc^ hau hgt cae lg hdi - nghi lg cdng dong tigu bilu ciia cac dan tgc
tinh Ha Giang dgu mang tinh tin ngudng tmyen thdng Tii gde nhin dan tpc hpc, co thg phan thanh
cae loai hinh le hdi - nghi ll do nhu sau:
- Phan loai theo miia td chiic, cac le hdi - nghi le cdng dong chii ylu diln ra vao miia Xuan vdi
33 lg hdi nam 2019, song eo rapt sd trimg lap aha Long 7<5/ig-ciia ngudi Tay, hpi Gdu Tdo ciia nguoi
Hmdng, Ciing than rimg cua rapt sd dan tdc , ma chigm sd lugng nhilu nhdt la Ldng Tdng cua ngudi
Tay, Gdu Tdo cua ngudi Hmong, Nhdy lica ciia ngudi Pa Then, Til nhdy va Hoc bdi cua ngudi Dao,
Hpi mua Xuan va Cung thdn rieng cua ngudi Niing, Ngoai ra, cdn cd ll hgi - nghi le td chirc vao
miia Thu hoac mua Ddng, nhu Li com mdi (tieu bigu la Le hpi ngd m&i cua ngudi Lo Ld), Cdp sac
cua ngudi Dao, Nhdy liea va Keo chdy ciia ngudi Pa Then, Lg Then va Cau trdng eiia ngudi Tay, Lg
Hoang Van Thung va Tit Khu cii te cua ngudi La Chi, (Sd Van hda, Thi thao va Du lich tinh Ha
Giang, 2019)
- Phan loai theo quy rad td chirc, frong sd 33 lg hdi dien ra vao miia Xuan nam 2019, ed 3 le
hpi dupe td chirc cap huyen, thanh phd la Lg hdi Ldng Tong a thi tran Viet Quang (huyen Bae
Quang), Li hpi Hoa ddo huyen Mgo Vac, Li hpi Din xuan Ky Hpi, Din Mdu va Din Tlidc con a
thanh phd Ha Giang); 25 lg hpi do xa/thi tran va ban quan ly thdn/lang eimg td chirc; 5 lg Hdi do ban
quan ly thdn/lang td chiic
Bgn canh dd, cdn le hdi cap tinh nhu Le hpi 100 ndm Chp tinh Khdu Vai (1919 - 2019) gdn v&i
Li cdng bo Bdng cdng nhgn tdi thdm dinh tu cdch thdnh viin mgng lu&i Cong vien dia chdt todn cdu
UNESCO Cao nguyin da Dong Vdn ldn thie 11 ndm 2019 (thang 5/2019), Ngdy hpi van hoa, the thao
cdc ddn tpc tinh Hd Giang Idn thic K(thang 8/2011 vao dip ky niem 120 nara thanh lap tinh, Day la
le hpi van hda, thg thao, du Hch vi thieu eae ddi tupng phung thd, eae le vat dang eimg, nghi thire thd
Cling, frd dien lign quan tdi thd ciing,
Theo quy rad td ehiic, phan ldn le hdi - nghi lg deu la ciia cdng ddng thdn/lang, cua ddng hg, gia
dinh O cap thdn/lang cd Li hpi cdu miia va Cung thdn rirng hay Cung thdn bdn/ldng ciia nhigu dan tgc,
Lg Ldng Tdng cua ngudi Tay, Nhdy lua va Keo chdy ciia ngudi Pa Thgn, Le cdu mua vd cdu tr&i cua
ngudi Ld Lo, Li hoi ndm mdi ciia ngudi Giay, Li hpi Bdn Vucmg va Le quit Idng cua ngudi Dao, Le
khai xuan ciia ngudi Pu Peo, O quy md ddng hg cd Le cung ma ddng hp ciia ngudi Hmdng, Cung id
tien cua ngudi Ld Lo, Tit nhdy cua ngudi Dao, Cap sac bdc cao cua ngudi Dao, Li lit Khu cii ti ciia
ngudi La Chi ; u quy mo gia dinh cd Ig Gdu Tdo ciia ngudi Hradng, Cdp sdc bdc thdp cua ngudi Dao
va ngudi Pa Thgn, Lg Then ciia ngudi Tay, Li cam m&i hoac ngd m&i ciia nhigu dan tgc,.,
- Phan theo muc dich tin ngudng cua ll thiie, eo: ll bdi - nghi ll lign quan dgn ndng nghiep nhu
Cdu miia ciia nhigu dan tgc, Cau mua va Cdu tr&i ciia ngirdi Ld Ld, Ldng Tdng cua ngudi Tay, Li ra
ddng ciia ngudi Pu Peo, Cam m&i cua nhilu dan tdc, Li hpi bat cd, Cung thdn rieng cua nhigu dan tdc
- Nghi dinli s6 22/2005/ND-CP ngay 1/3/2005 ciia Chinh phu hudng dan thi hanh mot so dieu ciia Phap lenh tin
Trang 3va ca ngudi Hoa d Hoang Su Phi, Ciing trdng ciia ngudi Tay; cac nghi le - le hdi vi muc dieh tri an,
tiln nhan, nhu thd cimg td tign cua nhigu tde ngudi, Li hpi Hodng Vdn Thiing eua ngudi La Chi,
Cimg Thdnh hodng ciia ngudi Cd Lao Dd, Le hpi ciing den bdn/ldng cua mpt sd dan tdc, Le hpi Bdn
Vuang va Tit nhdy eua ngudi Dao, Ciing to tiin va mieng ngd ni&l eua ngudi Ld Ld, Ciing ngay
Thanh minh ciia ngudi Dao ; cac nghi ll - le hpi de eau an, cau phiic va sue khde nhu Then eua
ngudi Tay, Cdp sdc cua ngudi Dao va Pa Then, Gdu Tdo ciia ngudi Hmdng, Le thupng thp ; cae ll
hpi - nghi lg mang tinb vui choi cua cpng ddng nhu Le hpi nhdy liea cua ngudi Pa Then va ngudi
Dao, Le keo chdy eua ngudi Pa Then, Hdi mua xuan (6c p&) eua ngudi Nung; ngoai ra edn ed le hdi
-nghi lg vira cdu raiia mang vira cau an cho dan ban nhu Le quet ldng ciia ngudi Dao
Qua rapt so van ban va chinh sach eua tinh Ha Giang, eac ban nganh chiic nang cua tinh da co
ban thong nhat viec phan chia cac loai ll hdi - nghi le frong tinh theo Dieu 3 Thdng tu
15/2015/TT-BVHTTDL ve td chiie lg hpi nhu: Lg hdi dan gian, Lg hpi lich sir - each raang, Lg hpi van hda - thi
thao - du lieh, Lg hdi cd ngudn gde tir nudc ngoai, Gan day tbi phan ehia theo NgM dinh sd
110/2018/ND-CP ngdy 29/8/2018 cda Chinh phu quy dinh ve qudn ly vd to chu-c le hpi, nhu: Ll hdi
traygn thdng, gdm lg hdi dan gian va le bdi di tieh lieh sir - van hda; Le hdi van hda - thg thao - du
lich; Le hpi nganh nghe; Le hdi cd ngudn gde tir nudc ngoai Theo do, ngoai lg hpi co ngudn gdc tir
nudc ngoai chua cd va le hdi nganh nghe se dugc td ehii'c, d tinh Ha Giang bien tai cd dii 2 loai binh
lg hpi la: Lg hdi tmyen thdng; le hdi van hda - thg thao va du lich Ngu theo tigu chi quy rao thi cd:
(1) Lg hdi - ngbi ll cap tinh, lign tinh; (2) Lg hdi - nghi le edp Huyen, Hgn huyen; (3) Le hdi - nghi ll
cap xa, lien xa
Nhin chung, eac lg hgi - nghi lg trgn day mdi phuc hdi chi la mgt phan trong tdng sd cac Ig hdi
- nghi lg vdn co ciia cac dan tgc d Ha Giang Gan day, nganh Van hda tinh da lap trgn 16 ho sa ly Hch
di ticb, 19 di san van hda phi vat the ehii yeu la ll hdi - nghi Ie tieu bilu ciia cac dan tpc frong tinh
dupe Bd Van hda, Thg thao va Du lich edng nhan va dua 14 di san vao Danh muc Di san van hda phi
vat thg Qudc gia; phuc dung ket hpp sao luu dang quay phim cd ghi am hon 30 lg hgi - nghi le tieu
bigu dg luu giii tai "Ngan hang Van hda Nghe thuat Qudc gia" ciia Vien Van hda Nghe thuat Qudc
gia Viet Nam
1.2 Nhieng gid tri cua le hpi - nghi Ie cpng dong tieu bieu cUa cdc ddn tpc thieu so
Le hdi - nghi lg cdng ddng cua cac dan tdc tinh Ha Giang cd nhiing dac tnmg truyen thdng
nhu: (i) The hien tinh thigng lieng, nghiem can, tiie cd yeu td tin ngu'dng, phan anh rd net ve tam ly,
tara Hnh ciia ngudi dan noi dien ra lg hdi - nghi Ie; (ii) Tinh edng ddng, bdi vi ngoai tinh cdng ddng
ban/lang, ddng hg, gia dinh cdn cd tinh cdng ddng hdn hpp nhigu tdc ngudi, nhigu thanh phan xa hdi;
(iii) Tao ra su cdng cam d nhieu miie dp trong eac hoat ddng sang tao nghe thuat, hirdng thu van hda,
bdi ie hgi - nghi le ciia mdi dan tdc dgu la mgt sinh hoat van hda tdng hgp eac phuong dien eua ddi
sdng xa hdi, dae biet la nhiing mang van hda nhu thuc hanh Ig nghi va phong tiic, giao tiep vdi su gan
kgt xa hgi, dign xudng dan gian, nghe thuat tao hinh, frang tri tham my, le phue, am thuc, am nhac,
vui chai giai tri,., Dudi day la mdt sd gia tn cua ll hdi - nghi Ie cpng ddng tigu bigu:
- Gid tri tdm linh: Lg hdi - nghi le edng dong viia phan anh thigt thuc, kha day du ve thg gidi
quan ciia cae tde ngudi (quan niem vl vu tru; ve su sdng va eac hien tugng tu' nhign; ve sue khde,
benh tat, cai chgt; ve su phu hd eua to tign, thanh thdn; vl san xuat va sinh hoat ciia con ngudi ), Le
Trang 4hpi - nghi lg la dip dl ngudi dan va cdng ddng thdn/lang the Men tdm long simg kinh vdi dire tm cua
minh Tham gia ll hdi - nghi ll, mpi ngudi thda man vl tam linh, tang thgm nhan thiic ^^<?^ ^^*
nghiem vl su thieng lieng, nghigm cdn cua td tign va cac thanh thdn dugc tdn thd; vi vay giup hp cd
cam giac "thang hoa", toai nguyen udc raudn frong cupc song ddi thuc; tii do hang hai san xuat, thye
bien tdt cae quy udc cua thdn/lang vg an ninh frat tu xa hpi , gdp phdn thiic ddy phat trien kinh te
-xa hdi d dia phuong
Gid tri duy tri vd Men thuc hda trong thuc tiin nhicng dac trung vdn hoa ddn tpc: Le hgi
-nghi le giup thuc hanh, thg hien cac dac digm van hda dan tdc, duy fri va trao tmyen nhiing ygu to
van hda dd cho thg he tre Qua diln trinh le hdi - ngbi lg cd thi kham pha di san van hda vat thg
dan tde, nhu ehii vigt, sach cd ghi nhiing ndi dung vg bd lich cd tmyin, chuang trinh banh le, cac
bai ciing va hat, cac dieu miia ed truygn; cac nhac khi va te khi dan gian, le phuc, franh thd ; hinh
thiic thg hien ciia cac dan ciing d trong nha, ngoai trdi hoae tai den, milu; cac Ig vat dang ciing; cac
each trang tri klidng gian dign ra nghi le va tren dan cimg; Dac biet la cae ygu to phi vat thg nhu
quan niem, vai trd ll hdi - nghi lg trong ddi sdng tinh thdn eiia ngudi dan, dgi ngu tri thire dan gian;
y nghTa cac vat dang eiing; ngi dung phan anh cua cac bai cimg, hat phu frg, nhihig dieu miia, nghe
thuat am nhac; bigu tupng, su tupng trung va vai trd cae nghi cu, ll nghi, phap thuat, biia chii, tro
dien cua nhiing ngudi thuc hanh nghi lg, viec trang tri le dudng, dan ciing;, Han niia, cac bigu
tupng ciia lg hpi - nghi le la su bilu thi cd tinh tich hgp cae hinh thai ehuan muc gia tri, nhihig
thanh td dac trung van hda dan tdc Nhu vay, cac lg hdi - nghi Ie dugc td cbiic hang nam vira la dip
thue hanh tai dia phuang ddi vdi eac di san van hda cua dan tdc, viia la tap quan dg kgt ndi, duy tri,
trao truygn cho thg he sau cac dac frung van hda, nhat la ngudn tri thirc dan gian va cae loai hinh
nghe thuat, chii vigt, am nhac, miia, frd dien, ngdn tir, trang tri, tao hinb, ara thue, lg phue,
- Gid tri hu&ng thu vd sdng tgo vdn hda: Tham gia lg hdi - nghi lg, ngudi dan dupe hda minh
vao cac dac tnmg van hda eiing eanh quan radi trudng, tao ra khong khi vira Hnh thigng vii'a cam
himg, thich thii , tir dd ghi nhd lai nhiing yeu td an tugng nhu bigu cam cua ngudi hanb Ig, vat dang
Cling, nghi thiic khan, ca, miia, nhac, frd dien, Dd vira la thdi diem "nhap tam", tham thau van hda
vao tam tudng mdi ngudi tham du lg hdi, thg hien budng thu van hda, giai tda tam linh ciia hp, dong
thdi dien ra frao tmyen van hda cho thg he frg Dac biet, khi thue hanh nghi le, mpi ngudi dam minh
frong khdng kbi thigng Hgng, su giau ngheo, each biet dia vi xa hdi giiia mgi ngudi dudng nhu khong
edn, ma tat ca cung hudng thu va sang tao, cam hiing vdi nghe thuat, Sudt thdi digm giao cam vdi
thg gidi than linh, ai ciing cd niem tin, mong dugc td tign, than linh chimg giam Khdng kg so it
ngudi thuc su hda nhap vao eae boat ddng lg hdi, ddng mdt vai tl lg hay "nhap than" vao mdt fro
choi, tai hien nhirng sir kien ljch sir lign quan , till tat ca rapi ngudi ciing duge hudng nhung le vat
ma minh dang ciing Mdi nam, khi lg hdi dugc td chirc, mpi ngudi lai cimg chigm bai vg cai thigng
Hgng va nhu vay, ll Hdi - nghi ll tdt yeu nay sinh ra gia tri van hda mdi mang tinh thdi dai vg each tl
chiic, noi dung phan anh, tinh quy md thg hien su sang tao ciia edng ddng
- Gid tri gido due: Le hdi - nghi ll la su tai hien sinh ddng cac nhan vat, su kien Hch sii - van
hda dudi hinh thue diln xudng, trd diln, , nen cd gia tri giao due eac thg he hudng vg cdi ngudn,
nhdc nhd nhiing bai hpc vl dao Iy, tmyin thdng eha dng; giao due dao diic, ldng tu hao vl tmygn
thdng Iich sir cua thdn/lang, qug huang, Dgn vdi ll hdi la den vdi ldng thanh kinh td tign va cac bac
tiln nhan, nhdc rapi ngudi nhd den bdn phan, frach nliiem cua rainh vdi to tien, ddng tdc; hudng con
Trang 5hpi - nghi lg cd tinh giao due rdt cao, udn nan con ngudi tu giac didu chinh quan he, iing xir cho phii
hgp vdi dao ly lam ngudi, nhdm tu hoan thien pham chat ciia con ngudi Thdng qua phan cong dong
gop ll vat, tham gia eae "vai" cho mpi ngudi, lg bdi - ngbi le viia giao due vg y thicc ciia ca nhan vdi
cdng ddng, vira la ca che giam sat viec thuc hien phong tuc, trach nliiem eiia cac gia dinh cho su
thanh cdng ll hgi - nghi ll ciing nhu nhiing vigc chung khac ciia cdng ddng
- Gid tri co kit cpng ddng vd qudn ly xd hpi: Ngoai gia tri thuc day su c6 kit cdng ddng
thdn/lang, duy fri va thuc hanh tap quan, le hdi - nghi le edng dong cdn de cao va nang cao trach
nhiem moi thanh vign, nhdt la chu cac gia dinh, tmdng cac ddng hp, ngudi cd uy tin d thdn/lang doi
vdi viec chap hanh quy udc, luat tuc ciia cdng ddng, phat huy su tuang trg, doan kgt giiia cac gia
dinh, cac thanh vign ciia ddng hp va frong mdi gia dinh, dam bao dn dinh xa hdi d dia phuong Day la
chiic nang co ban vg ed kit edng ddng cua le hdi - nghi lg cd fruyen, la bieu tu'gng tinh thdn Hgn kit
ngudi dan thdn/lang da thic thach qua nhigu the he Sudt dien trinh le hgi - nghi le, mgi ngudi cd dip
gap gd, frao ddi tu giac hoac thdng qua ngudi ed uy tin dg thao gd, lam diu - hda giai nhiing xich
mich; tir dd quan he giiia cae gia dinh frd thanh gan bd ban, vdi nigra tin se duge tdn frgng nhau
- Gid tri kinh te: Khdng khi vui tuoi, linh thieng ngay le hdi - nghi le giup ngudi dan tnit bd
nhiing lo au, phien mudn cua ddi thudng, lam cho mgi ngudi sdng nhan ai va yeu thuong nhau han, tir
do thiic day lao dpng san xuat cd hieu qua ban Dac biet, khi mdi ngudi cd nigm tin se dupe td tign,
thanh than phu hp cho miia mang thi se ygn tam, tich cue hon frong frdng frpt, chan nudi, lam nghg ,
do dd nang suat lao ddng, hieu qua kinh tg, thu nhap se tang Gan day, klii phat trign du lich, lg hpi
-nghi le dan toe dem lai nguon thu dang ke cho nhigu dia phuang, gdm thu tic viec phat trign da dang eac
dich vu, thu tii ban ve vao xem, phue vu am thue, frai nghiem mdt sd frd dign giai tri, Lg hdi cdn la
dip dg gidi thieu cac san pham kinh tg bgn eanh cac san pham van hda dac tnmg ciia tdc ngu'di va vimg
mign vdi du khach, tao dieu kien dg ky kgt hgp ddng san xuat, budn ban, frao ddi hang hda, Rd rang,
lg hpi - nghi lg gdp phan quan frpng vao viec thiic day nganh kinh te du lich, phuc vu phat frign kinh tg
dia phuong
1.3 Xu hu&ng bien doi cdc gid tri cua le hpi - nghi le eong dong tieu bieu
Tir khi thuc hien cdng cupe Ddi mdi den nay, le bdi - ngbi le cdng ddng tigu bieu ciia cac
DTTS ludn dugc cac co quan chiic nang tinh Ha Giang quan tara khai thac cac gia tri dg phuc vu hoat
dgng van hda quan chimg, phat trien du lich Song, dudi tac ddng ciia eo ehe tbi tmdng va hgi nhap,
khong it lg hdi - nghi lg da, dang ed xu hudng bign ddi vg gia fri cung nhu quy md va each thiic td
chiic, Cd the kg mdt so nhu sau:
- Nhieu lg hpi - nghi lg lign quan tdi frdng trpt, chan nudi, nghe thii cdng ciing nhigu ygu td van
hda lien quan tdi ndng nghigp, quan ly va bao ve tai nguyen hi mai rapt hoac cbi diln ra kgt hpp
trong dip ciing mieu thdn/lang, ciing ma nha vao cac dip Tgt ciia gia dinh, nhu Li m& ddt cho miia vu
mdi va M& cua rieng cua ngudi Dao, Hpi miia xuan cua ngudi Nimg, lg Cdu mua va Diet trie sdu bg
d nhigu toe ngudi, Su mai mdt hoae thay ddi nay cd nguyen nhan tii su bign ddi ciia moi tnrdng tu
nhign va cua hoat ddng kmh te
- Nhieu lg hgi - nghi le fruygn thdng eiia mpt sd tde ngudi, dia phuong, tham chi ca thd ciing td
tien da bi mdt do su xam nhap eiia dao Tin Lanh Bdi vi, nhung tin do Tin Lanh dgu dd bo ban tbd to
Trang 6tign, chi cdu nguyen chiia Giesu, thuc hanh cac nghi ll cua dao Tin Lanh, tii bd cac ll boi - nghi !e cd tmyen dan tgc,
- Su suy giam va khd khan trong vice duy fri, phat friln dpi ngii nbiing ngudi chu fri, dao dien, true tiep thue banh cac hinh thiic thd cimg, ll hpi - nghi le, nhdt la d cac dan tdc Pu Peo, Co Lao, Ld Ld, De cd dugc mdt thay cimg gidi d DTTS khdng de dang nhu d cac tdn giao ldn, bdi klidng co tnrdng dao tao, cd dia phuong chinh quygn khdng img hp; d ngudi Dao, Pa Then, Tay, Niing de trd thanh thay ciing, phai qua ll cap sdc Vi thg, frong Idp tre bien nay, rdt hiem ngudi du tri luc dg theo hgc lam thay ciing
- Viec ddi mdi ll hgi - ngbi ll cpng ddng va eae hinh thiic tin ngudng dan gian cho phii hpp vdi su bign ddi cua tu nhign, xa hpi, trinh dp nhan thirc eua ngudi dan vdn chua cd giai phap dinh hudng tir cac co quan ehiie nang Cac Ie hgi - nghi ll quy md cap xa, huyen hien nay deu dign ra vdi md-tip, kich ban gan nhu nhau Xu hudng "quan phucmg hda", ap dat rad hinh dinh sSn lam eho tinh chil ddng, sang tao cua ngudi dan bi suy giam, dan den phai nhat ban sdc dan tdc trong le bdi - nghi
le Tinh thigng ciia eae ll hpi - nghi Ig gan vdi ddi sdng tam linh cua edng ddng thdn/lang, ddng hp, gia dinh bi suy giam dan
- Van dg khai thac su biln ddi gia trj ciia le hdi - nghi ll dan tdc theo xu hudng mang lai ngay cang nhigu lpi Ich eho ngudi dan frong bdi canh mdi van la bai toan nan giai khdng cbi rigng cac ca quan chiec nang va cac dan tdc tinh Ha Giang ma ca nhieu tinh/thanh khac
2 Chinh sach hao ton, phat huy cac gia tri van hoa dpc dao cua nhirng l€ hoi - nghi le cdng ddng cua cac dan toe thieu so tinh Ha Giang thoi gian qua
2.1 Gi&i thieu khdi qudt ve cdc chinh sdch
Tinh Ha Giang rat quan tam va da ban hanh nhieu ehinli sach, giai phap ddi vdi viec bao ton, phat huy cac gia tri van hoa, bao gdm nhirng lg hdi - nghi le eua cae DTTS nhdm phuc vu phat friln kinh te - xa hgi tai dia phuong, Co the kg den mdt sd chinh sach, giai phap sau:
* Ddng bp vd Tinh uy Hd Giang cd cac van ban:
- Kit luan sd 28-KL/BTV ngay 28/3/2011 ciia Ban Thudng vu Tinh uy va Cdng van sd 139-CV/BTG ngay 02/8/2011 eiia Ban Tuyen giao Tinh iiy vg dinh hudng chi dao thanh lap Hgi Nghe nhan dan gian cac cap Tir dd, mdi xa, huyen, thanli pho dgu cd Hdi Nghg nhan dan gian, gdp phan bao tdn nhigu dac frung van hda ciia cac DTTS frgn dia ban tinb
- Chuong trinh s6 62 CTr/TU ngay 29/3/2013 ciia Tinh uy vl phat triln van hda gdn vdi du lich giai doan 2013 - 2020 dg ra giai phap vg lanh dao, chi dao, ca chg chinh sach, tuygn tmygn quang ba, hgp tac Hgn viing, xa hdi hda phat trign du lich, , Nhd do, nhigu ll hpi - nghi ll cdng ddng ciia mpt
sd dan tpc dupe bao ton, gdp phan tdn tao, nang cdp cac khu tin ngudng dan gian gdm eac din, chiia, dinh, nhat la xay dung quy hoach, thuc thi de an bao tdn, pbat huy nhtrng lg hdi tam linh ciia cac dan tpc Pa Then, Dao, Niing, Hmdng, Pu Peo,
- Nghi quygt sd 02-NQ/TU ngay 06/01/2016 ciia Ban Chdp hanb Dang bd tinh khda XVI vl viec dua ky nang sing va van hda tmyin thdng eac DTTS vao giang day trong cae tmdng hpe frgn dia ban tinh
Trang 7- Bao cao sd 07-BC/TU ngay 08/10/2015 ciia Tinh uy, trong phdn Muc tiiu, Nhiim vu vd
Gidi phdp chu yiu 5 ndm 2015 - 2020 cixa Bao cao da nhan manh: "Bao tdn, phat huy ban sde van
hoa cac DTTS Khai thac gia tri cac loai hinh van hda nghe thuat dan gian gan vdi nghien eiiu, phat
trien eac loai hinh nghe thuat hien dai,., Td chiic bieu duang va tdn vinh cae nghe si, nghe nhan
tigu bigu Su'u tam, phue dung eac lg hdi van hda dan gian ddc dao trd thanh san phdm phuc vu du
Hch, " (fr 37) Chu truang nay da dugc dg cap frong Nghi quyit Dai hdi Dang bp tinb ldn thii XVI,
nhiem ky 2015-2020
Ngoai 4 van ban quan trpng fren, cdn cd De an sd 05-DA/TU ngay 11/8/2016 cua Tinb iiy vl
nang cao chat lupng boat ddng md binh "Hdi Nghe nhan dan gian" giai doan 2016 - 2020; Bao eao
so 232-BC/TU ngay 16/1/2017 vg kgt qua Hpi thao ve vai trd nhiing gia tn tiln bd cua tin ngudng
dan gian frong qua trinh xay dung con ngudi Viet Nam tbdi ky mdi d tinh Ha Giang; Cdng van s6
2424-CV/TU ngay 10/4/2017 frich Ket luan sd I23-KL/TU cua Thudng frrre Tinh uy vl triln khai
thue hien lap dg an xay dung Lang van hda cae dan tgc tinh Ha Giang Dac biet la Dg an sd
19-DA/TU ngay 25/9/2017 ve tbi diem phong tang danh hieu "Nghe nhan dan gian" thugc Hnh vuc tin
ngudng dan gian frong ddng bao DTTS trgn dia ban tinh Day la cdng nhan cua lanh dao tinh vl vai
fro eae nghe nhan ITnh vue tin ngudng trong viec luu giii va thuc banh cae Ig hgi - nghi Ig cua cac dan
tpc, gdp phan duy tri, phat huy gia tri cac lg hdi - ngbi ll ciia cae DTTS tinh Ha Giang Tinh iiy Ha
Giang con de xuat dg an bao tdn, khdi phuc, phat huy gia tri van hda dac trung eiia mdt sd DTTS,
dign hinb la cae dan tgc Hmdng, Tay, Dao va cac dan tdc cd dan sd rat it Cu thg nhu Dg an sd
09-DA/TU ngay 21/4/2017 vg viec bao tdn, khdi phuc, phat buy gia tri van hda dac tmng cua dan tpc
Hmong tren dia ban tinh Ha Giang giai doan 2017 - 2020, dinh hudng dgn nam 2030
•* IJy ban nhan dan tinh Hd Giang fren co sd cac van kien, ngbi quygt, chuong trinh, de an ciia
Tinh iiy da ban hanh va thuc thi cac van ban, giai phap chi dao vice bao tdn, pbat huy gia tri van hda
doc dao cua Ig hdi - nghi ll cdng ddng tieu bieu eiia cac DTTS frong tinh Dd la:
- Quyet dinh sd 3302/QD-UNND ngay 6/10/2008 cua UBND tinb vl vice phan edp quan ly
Nha nude vg Van hda, Thg thao, Du ljch va Gia dinh ddi vdi cap huyen, th; xa trgn dia ban tinh
Quygt dinh nay tuy hit hieu lire nhung vira qua Chu tieh UBND huyen duoc quyln phg duyet De an
cap phep boat dpng Lg hdi dan gian, Le hdi nha nude quy md cap huyen; ngay hpi Van hda - Thg
thao - Du lich cac dan tdc tic cap huyen dgn ca sd (tni' le hdi du nhap tu' nudc ngoai td chire lan dau),
nhd do duy tri dupe mdt sd lg hgi - nghi lg tmyen thdng ciia cac dan tdc
- Kg hoach so I29/KH-UBND ngay 04/11/2011 cua UBND tinh Ha Giang vl viee kigm kg di
san van hda phi vat thg trgn dia ban tinh Ha Giang
- Kl hoach sd 132/KLI-UBND ngay 26/7/2013 cua UBND tinh vl Kg hoach thuc hien Chuang
ttinh phat frign Van hda gdn vdi Du lich tinh Ha Giang giai doan 2013 - 2020 Day ia kg hoach dugc
tiiln khai, thuc hien dua trgn co sd Nghi quyit sd 06-NQ/DH ngay 06/10/2010, Nghi quyet Dai hdi
Dang bg tinh Ha Giang ldn thii XV, nhiem ky 2010 - 2015 va Chuong trinh sd 62-CTr/TU ngay
29/3/2013 cua Tinh uy da dg cap dfren
- Quyet dinh so 1244/QD-UBND ngay 04/7/2017 ciia UBND tinh vl Phe duyet Du an "Bao tin
va phat huy gia tri di san van hda phi vat thi trong Danh mue DSVHPVT Qudc gia" va "Phuc dung,
Trang 8- Quygt dinh so 2631/QD-UBND ngay 07/12/2017 cua UBND tinh vl viec phe duyet D I an
xay dung Lang van boa cac dan tgc tinh Ha Giang Theo Quyit dinh nay, mdi Lang van hda can thiet
phai bao tdn, phat buy gia tn cac lg hdi - nghi ll cdng ddng tde ngudi sdng frong tiidn/lang dd
- Quygt dinh sd 1476/QD-UBND ngay 31/7/2019 eiia UBND tmh Ha Giaug vl viee phe duyet
Dg an Nang cao chat lugng va phat triln cac ll hdi frgn dia ban tinh din nara 2030
* Cdc S&, Ban, Ngdnh tinh Hd Giang, nhdt la Sd Van hda, Thi thao va Du lich ngoai viec
thuc hien cae nhiem vu theo nganh dpc da eimg UBND cac huyen, xa, thi frdn cu thi hda va thue thi
cac nghi quygt, chi thi, chuong trinh cua Tinh uy, UBND tinh ddi vdi viec bao ton, pbat huy gia tri
cac le hdi - ngbi ll cgng dong eua eac DTTS frgn dia ban, Cu tiie:
- S& Vdn hda, Thi thao vd Du lich ban hdnh cdc vdn bdn:
+ Ke hoach s6 73/KH-VHTTDL ngay 20/9/2011 vl viec kilra kg co ban di san van boa phi vat
tbg Lite dau dien ra d 3 huyen: Quang Binh, Xin Mdn va Hoang Su Phi, rdi tiiln khai dgn cac huyen
Ddng Van, Meo Vac, Quan Ba, Ygn Minh, Bac Quang, Vi Xuygn, Theo dd, Sd da lap ly lich di san
van hda phi vat tbg nbu Li hpi nhdy liea cua dan tdc Pa Then, Cung thdn rieng eua dan tpc Pu Peo,
Cdp sdc cua dan tdc Dao, Gdu Tdo ciia dan tdc Hmong, Le hdi mimg nam m&i ciia dan tpc Giay,
Cung to tien cua ngudi Ld Ld, Cung thdn rimg ciia ngudi Nimg, Cdu trdng cua ngudi Tay Ngan,
Then cua ngudi Tay, Khen Hmdng, ,
+ Bao cao sd 26/BC-VHTTDL ngay 12/2/2015 vg Kgt qua 5 nam thuc Men Thdng tu so
04/2010/TT-BVHTTDL vg viec Quy dinh kigra kg di san van boa phi vat the va lap hd so khoa hpc
di san van hda phi vat thg dg dua ra danh muc van hda phi vat thg quoc gia
+ K I hoach sd 46/KH-SVHTTDL ngay 25/7/2017 ve thuc hien De an "Bao tdn, khdi phue,
phat huy gia tn van hda dac tnmg ciia dan tpc Mong frgn dia ban tinh Ha Giang" giai doan 2017
-2020, dinh budng din nam 2030
+ Bao cao s6 437/BC-SVHTTDL ngay 29/12/2017 vl giai phap bao ve va phat huy gia tti di san
Le hpi Gau Tao dan tde Mdng (thdn Sudi Ddng, thi frdn Viet Lam, huyen Vi Xuyen)
+ Bao cao so 456/BC-SVHTTDL ngay 21/12/2018 vl cong tac quan ly di tich tin ngu'ong fren
dia ban tinh Ha Giang,
+ Bao cao sd 223/BC-SVHTTDL ngay 19/7/2018 vl giai phap bao ve va phat huy gia tri di san
"Lg hdi nam mdi dan tde Giay" (tiidn Na Trao, xa Tat Nga, huyen Meo Vac)
+ Bao cao sd 300/BC-SVHTTDL ngay 24/9/2018 ve giai phap bao ve va phat huy di san "Ll
Cling td tign eua ngudi Ld Ld" (thdn Ld Lo Chai, xa Liing Cii, huyen Ddng Van)
+ Bao cao sd 95/BC-VHTTDL ngay 02/4/2019 vl cdng tac quan ly va td chirc le hgi Xuan Ky
Hgi 2019,.,
- Huyen uy vd UBND huyin Xin Mdn cd cdc van bdn:
+ Nghi quygt sd 10-NQ/HU ngay 03/10/2013 cua Ban Chdp hanh Dang bo huygn vl bao tdn gia
tri va phat frien van hda tiuyen thdng cac dan tgc huygn Xin Mdn giai doan 2013 - 2020 Theo dd,
UBND huyen ban hanh D I an so 117/DA-UBND ngay 17/10/2013 vl Bao ton gia tti va phat frign
Trang 9UBND ngay 18/10/2013 vl thanh lap Ban Cbi dao thirc hien dl an bao tdn gia fri va phat trien van
hoa ttuyin thong cae dan tge huyen Xin Man giai doan 2013 - 2020
+ Kg hoach so 119/KH-UBND ngay 22/10/2013 vl trien khai thuc hien giao due van hda tmygn
thdng, van nghe va frd ehoi dan gian cac dan tpc frong cac tmdng hpe tren dia ban huyen Xin Mdn
giai doan 2013-2015
+ Kg hoach sd 36/KH-UBND ngay 24/3/2014 vg tap huan bao ton gia tri va phat friln van hda
fruygn thdng eac dan tdc huyen Xin Mdn nam 2014
+ Ke hoach s6 91-KH/HU ngay 31/5/2017 eua Huyen iiy vg trien khai thuc Men Dl an sd
09-DA/TU eiia Tinh uy ve Bao tdn, khdi phuc, phat huy gia tri van hda dac trung ciia dan tdc Hmdng
fren dia ban tinh Ha Giang giai doan 2017 - 2020, dinh hudng den nam 2030 Trgn co sd van ban
nay, UBND huyen Xin Mdn cd Bao cao sd 312/BC-UBND ngay 06/7/2018 vl Kgt qua mdt nam thuc
Men Dg an bao ton, khdi phuc, phat huy gia fri van hda dac trung ciia dan tdc Hmdng fren dia ban
huyen, giai doan 2017 - 2020,
- Huyin uy vd UBND huyen Dong Van co cdc vdn bdn:
+ Bao cao sd 01/BC-HU ngay 09/7/2015 ve Bao eao ehinh tri trinh Dai hpi dai bigu Dang bp
huyen lan thic XX (nhiem ky 2015 - 2020) da nhan manh vg muc tieu, nhiem vu, giai phap 5 nam tdi
la: "Day manh bao tdn, kg thira, phat huy gia tri tdt dep eua van hda tmygn thdng eac dan tdc, gan kgt
chat che giiia phat trien van hda vdi phat trien du lieh Tiep tue duy fri, phat trign md hinh Hdi Nghe
nhan dan gian duge thanh lap tai eae xa, thi tran Hang nam, td chiic cac lg hdi truygn thdng nhu: Le
hgi Gau Tao, Hdi xuan Khen Hmdng, Chpi dg, Cimg than rimg cua dan tdc Pu Peo xa Phd La, Ciing
to tign cua dan tde Ld Ld xa Liing Cu, "
+ Chi thi so 08/CT-HU ngay 06/01/2017 eua Huyen iiy vl Chi thi ciia Ban Thudng vu Huyen
iiy ve Tang eudng su lanh dao cua Dang ve thuc hien nep sdng van minh frong viec tang trgn dia
ban huyen
+ Bao cao so 423/BC-UBND ngay 02/7/2018 ciia UBND huyen vl kit qua thue hien De an
Bao tdn, khdi phue, phat buy gia tn van hda dac tnmg cua dan tpc Hmdng trgn dia ban huyen Ddng
Van (nam 2018 cae huyen tinh Ha Giang diu bao cao ve kgt qua thuc hien Dg an Bao tdn, khdi phuc,
phat huy gia tri van hda dae trung ciia dan tdc Hmdng), ,
- Rigng huyen Bae Quang, ngoai eac van ban chi dao nhu d cac huyen trong tinh, cdn cd giai
phap lap Quy bao tdn van hda
* Bang bp va UBND cdc xd, thi trdn: Ban hanh cac ngbi quygt, chuong trinh, kg hoach vg
bao tdn cac gia tri van hda cac dan tdc, dua tren co sd cac van ban chi dao cua Dang, cbinh quyen,
ban, nganh cap huyen va cap tinh
2.2 NhUng thdnh cong, han che cUa cdc chinh sdch cUa ti'nh Hd Giang
Thic nhdt, cae chinh sach/giai phap cua tinh Ha Giang cd ddng gop ticb cue cho cdng tac bao
tdn, phat huy gia tri lg bdi - nghi ll tigu bigu ciia cae DTTS trong tinh; thuc day nhiing nd luc ciia cac
dia phuong trong viee chgn Igc dg bao tdn cac lg hdi - nghi le truyin tbdng Dae biet la giiip phue
dung lai mdt sd ll hdi - nghi ll da mai mdt, timg bude khai thac cd hieu qua cac gia tri ddc dao ciia Ig
Trang 10hpi - nghi ig phuc vu pbat ttiln kinh tg - xa bdi, bao ve mdi tmdng d dia phuong, nang cao y thirc ngudi dan ve cac gia tri van hda eiia ll hgi - ngM ll va ban sdc van hda dan tdc
Hiir hai, cae chmh sach/giai phap chii ygu cu thi hoa chii tmang cua Dang, chinh sach va phap
luat cua Nha nudc ve bao tdn, phat huy ban sac van hda dan tdc frong bdi canh mdi, ngn day la co sd phap ly de cac eo quan, ban nganh tinh Ha Giang va ngudi dan ciing nd luc nang cao vai frd quan ly, bao tdn ket hpp ddi radi viec hien thuc hda cho phu hgp dilu kien dia phuang dli vdi cac Mnh thiic, quy md td chirc cung nhu thay ddi cdu ttiic dien frmh, frd diln, loai hinli nghe thuat eiia lg hdi - nghi
lg tmygn thdng dan tde nhdm khai thac tii da cac gia tti cua ll hgi - nghi Ie dd phuc vu cho xay dung ndng thdn mdi, nang cao ddi sdng tinh than cua cdng dong thon/lang, phat triln kinli tg gan vdi xda doi giam ngheo d dia phuong
Thie ba, cac cbinh sach/giai phap ciia tinh Ha Giang co sir tuong xiing ve tam nhin giira cu the
va tong the, giiia ngan han va dai ban, giiia ngMgn cim kilm kg vdi dl xuat bao ton dudi nhigu hinh tbiic, Vi vay phii hpp vdi thuc tign d cac dan tdc, giiip cho Dang, ehinh quygn, cae nganh, doan the cac dia phuong quan tam dgn viec quang ba kgt hpp nang cao trach nhiera quan ly, ehi dao thue Men
va tao dilu kien eho eae dan tpc td chire Ig hdi - nghi Ie tmyin thdng; ngudi dan eae dan tpc d thdn/lang cd co hpi rad rdng quang ba, ciing gdp siic gdp eua de td ehicc va nhiet tinh tham gia vao le bdi - ngM lg ciia cdng ddng minh
Thic tu, vdi viec ap dung cac hinh thiic bao tdn, khai thac ed hieu qua gia fri cae le hdi - nghi le
ciia dan tdc, cac chinb sacli/giai phap cua tinh Ha Giang cdn thuc day phat frign nhu cau td chiic cac
le hdi van hda - du lich theo nhirng md hinh phu hgp vdi thuc tg dia phuong Dd la Le bdi hoa tam giac mach, Lg hdi hoa dao, Lg hdi khgn Hradng, Le hdi chgi dg d nbigunoi, Lghdi dua mang tren sdng Gam, Dac Met, ngay cang cd su kgt hgp long ghep, td chirc dan xen kha ddng bd giira le hpi -nghi lg tmyen thong va lg hdi van boa - du lich Dign hinh la viec trich doan nhiing le ngbi, frd dign,
ca, miia, nhac frong dign frinh Ig hdi - nghi Ig ciia dan tpc de ldng ghgp phii hgp vao chuong trinh le hpi van hda - du lich, nham tao ra tinh da dang, gay su hap dan cho ngudi xem, Nhd do, gia tri cac ygu td tmygn thdng, phd thong, hien dai trong lg hgi - ngbi lg dugc hda trdn, nang cao hon vg nghe thuat, dap img nhu cau giai tri cua ngudi dan va du khach trong bdi canh giao luu, hdi nhap
Bgn canh nhiing thanh cong va ket qua dat dugc, cac chinh sach/giai phap frong thdi gian qua ciia tinh Ha Giang Hgn quan tdi bao ton, pbat buy nhung gia tri van hda ciia cac lg hpi - nghi lg dan tdc Cling bdc Id mdt sd han chg:
- Mot Id, eac chinh sach/giai phap cdn mang tinh tap tmng, thg hien sir cbi dao tir frgn xudng
dudi theo "quy trinh": Tinh uy, UBND tinh ban banh va quyet djnh dira tren co sd thue hien cac van kien, chinb sach eua Dang, Chinh phii va Bg Van hda The thao va Du Hch - cap dudi, nhdt la co sd
va ngudi dan thudng thue bien theo chi dao eiia cae co quan ehicc nang, ban, nganh cap frgn Do do, ngoai UBND huyen Bae Quang co chinh sach gay quy bd trg bao tdn van hda frong dd cd eac le hpi -nghi le cua cac dan tdc frgn dja ban huyen, rat it dia phuong cap huyen, xa tu ddng ban hanh chinh sach/giai phap mdi,
- Hai la, cac chiMi sach/giai phap mang tinh chimg cho eac dia phuong, it co chinh sach rieng
eho tting dia ban cu thg nhu thanh thi, vimg niii ddt va mii da, vimg bign gidi.,., nhat la vdi eac tde ngudi cd dan sd it, sdng d viing sau, viing bign gidi, cd quan he lau ddi vdi dong toe d ben kia bien