Tir khoa: chinh sdch; ngudi cao tudi; Viit Nam I Sy hinh thanh chi'nh sach phat huy vai tro ngirdi cao tuoi d nirdc ta qua • gdc nhin phap ly * Giai dogn tir khi thdnh lap nudc Viet
Trang 1CHINH SACH PHAT HUY VAI TRO NGircn CAO TUOI VIET NAM
QUA GOC NHIN PHAP LY
ThS NGUYEN HUtJ HOANG''
Tom tat: Tie ndm 2011, ddn sd Viet Nam budc vdo thai ky gid hda trong khi vdn cdn la mpt
quoe gia ngheo, dang phdt trien Thdng qua viec tim hiiu, phdn tich cdc tu Hiu, dd' kien vd he thong vdn bdn gdn vdi cdc chu the chinh sdch tir ndm 1945 din nay, bdi viet nhin nhdn, ddnh gid mpt cdch tuong ddi todn dien, da chieu ve tien trinh hinh thdnh, phdt triin cua chinh sdeh phdt huy vai trd ngudi cao tudi a gdc nhin phdp ly; tie dd, cung edp cdn cu ly ludn vd thuc tien sinh dpng nhdm thuc day, bd sung vd hodn thien chinh sdch ndy trong thdi gian tdi
Tir khoa: chinh sdch; ngudi cao tudi; Viit Nam
I Sy hinh thanh chi'nh sach phat huy
vai tro ngirdi cao tuoi d nirdc ta qua
• gdc nhin phap ly
* Giai dogn tir khi thdnh lap nudc Viet Nam
Ddn chu Cpng hoa din trudc ddi mdi (nam 1986)
Tir kbi thanh lap Nha nudc Viet Nam Dan chu
Cdng hda nam 1945, quyen va dia vi chinh tri cua
ngudi cao tudi da dugc ghi nhan trong cac ban
Hien phap - la can cit phap ly vung chac, cao
nhat cho viec thyc hien chinh sach ngudi cao
Hoc v!$n Chinh tri khu vuc II, Hpc vien Chitih tn
quic gia Ho Chi Minh
tudi frgn thuc tg Tai Digu 14 Hien phap nam
1946 ghi ro: "Nhiing ngudi edng dan gia ea hoae tan tat khdng lam duge viec thi dupc giiip dd" Tuy quy dinh ngan ggn tiong mgt didu duy nhat, nhung tu tudmg, tuydn ngdn phap ly cao nhat ddi vdi ngudi cao tudi cd y nghia dac biet quan ttpng Day khdng chi la sy ghi nhan nham tiep ndi truydn thdng, dao Iy coi ttpng ngudi cao tudi ciia dan tdc Viet Nam trong van kien phap Iy tdi cao, ma sau xa hon, dd la su khang dinh mdt each chinh thiic quyen ciia ngudi cao tuoi ttong tdng the he thdng ehinh sach ciia Nha nudc, la sy cam ket ttach nhiem ciia Nha nudc de dam bao quyen ca ban cho cdng dan -ngudi cao tudi
Trang 2Kg thira tinh than Hien phap nam 1946, Hien
phap nam 1959 da cd quan diem phap Iy bdt siie
tign bd ve vi tri, vai frd va he thdng chinb sach danh
cho ngudi cao tudi Tai Digu 32 Hign p h ^ nam
1959 quy dinh: "Ngudi lao ddng cd quygn dupc
giiip do ve vat chat khi gia ygu, benh tat, hoae mat
siie lao ddng Nha nudc md rdng ddn cac td chitc
bao hidm xa hdi, cim te va y td de bao dam cho
ngudi lao ddng dugc hudng quyen dam bao cho
ngudi lao ddng dugc hudng quyen dd" So vdi Hien
phap nam 1946, ndi ham chinh sach ngudi cao tudi
ddn dugc dinh hinh mdt each ro rang hon, nhu: ddi
tugng chinh sach - "ngudi Iao dpng gia ygu, benh
tat, hoac mat siic lao ddng"; phuong thiic thyc hien
chinh sach - hd ttg vat chat; cdng cu chinh sach nay
da dugc nhan thiic vdi nhidu ndi dung tien bd, nhu
lap td chiic bao hiem xa hgi, ciiu td, y te Day la
didm vugt trdi trgn ca gdc dp tu duy 1 ^ phap va
tu duy chinh sach ddi vdi ngudi eao tudi giai doan
nay d nudc ta U goc dp chinh sach phat huy vai ttd
ngudi cao tudi, so vdi Hien phap nam 1946, Hien
phap nam 1959 dii chua the hien ro rang ve cau
chir, nhung budc ddu da nhdn manh ddn viec "dam
bao dieu kien" de nguiri cao tudi thuc hien quydn
ciia minh va hien nhien frong do cd ham y ve viec
Nha nudc phai cd frach nhiem dam bao cac quygn
ve kinb te, ehinh tri, van hda va xa hdi ciia ngudi
eao tudi dugc thyc hien nghidm ttie, tiic la gian tigp
khang dinh vai trd ciia hg tten cac lihh vuc nay,
Hidn phap nam 1980 va chinh sach ngudi cao
tudi giai doan nay ra ddi ttong bdi canh dac biet khi
dat nudc dang thyc hien chg dp quan ly xa hgi theo
phuang thiic ke hoach hda tap tmng, quan heu, bao
cap toan xa hdi Tuy nhien, nhu ddng chay xuygn
sudt, Qude hgi van ghi nhan, khang dinh quyen
CO ban ciia ngudi cao tudi frong tdng the he thdng
chinh sach qude gia Tai Dieu 59 Hien phap nam
1980 nhan manh: "Cdng nhan, vidn chiic khi vg
huu, gia ygu, benh tat hoac mat siic lao ddng dugc
hudng quyen loi bao hidm xa hpi Nha nudc md
rpng ddn su nghiep bao higm xa hdi tbeo trinh dp
phat tnen eua nen kinh te qude dan va bao dam cho
ngudi lao ddng dupc hudng quyen loi do" Ve ngi
ham chinh sach nguiri cao mdi theo each tidp can
quyen eo ban eiia cdng dan - ngudi cao tudi theo
Hiln phap nam 1980 vln kl tiiua, thdng nhat vdi
cac ban Hien phap trudc do Tuy nhidn, cd 2 diim ndi bat dudi gdc dp chinh sdch, cdn luu y:
- Ddi tugng thu hudng, thuc hien chinh sach
ngudi eao tudi cd khac so vdi cac ban Hien phap trudc Giai cap cdng nhan, ddi ngu vien chitc - tri thiic xa hdi - vdn la luc lugng ndng cdt each mang dugc nhac den nhilu ban frong chinh sach ngudi cao tudi giai doan nay
- Phuang thiic dam bao thyc hien quyen thu hudng Ipi ich tir chinh sach ngudi cao tudi ciia Nha nude cd phan thu hep so vdi cac ban Hien phap trud€ do (duy nhat cbi dupe dam bao thdng qua
"bao hidm xa hdi" theo trinh dp phat tridn ciia nen kinhte)
Nhu vay, dii cdn non tie nhung ngay sau khi gianh chinh quyen Dang va Nha nude Viet Nam Dan chil Cpng hoa da rat chii frpng dam bao va Ihuc hien nghigm tiic vg quygn, dia vi cho cho ngudi cao tudi thdng qua dao luat cd gia tri phap ly cao nhat -Hign phap Dieu nay vira phan anh gia tri van boa, dao Iy ciia dan tdc ta, vira the hien ehinh sach giau tinh nhan van cua nudc ta ddi vdi dgi ngu nguiri cao tudi frong sudt qua hinli each mang
* Giai dogn tir ndm 1986 din cuoi the ky XX
Tir nam 1986 ttd di, chinh sach danh cho ngudi cao tudi dugc dat ttong bdi eanh mdi ciia ddt nudc Trong giai doan nay, chinh sach ngudi cao tudi cd nhiing net dac tiung ea ban nhu sau:
Mdt la, cimg vdi qua trinh chuyen minh eiia dat
nude, ehinh sach ddi vdi ngudi cao tudi bat dau duoc dinh hinh rd net hon va phti hgp vdi thdng le ciia qude te Tren cue dien qude te, nam 1982, lan dau tien Lign hgp qude da tign hanh Dai hdi Thg gidi ve ngudi cao tudi tai Cdng hda Ao Nham the bien sir quan tam, quan diem cua Viet Nam ddi vdi ngudi cao tudi khdng chi ttong nudc, ma cdn d pham vi qude te, Chinh phii nudc ta cii doan dai bieu diam gia su kien nay Tilp dd, sau khi nhan dugc thdng bao ciia Lien hpp qude, ngay 01/10/1991, Chii tich Hdi ddng Nha nudc (nay la Chu tich nudc) da ra liri keu gpi ddng bao ca nudc nhiet liet hudng iing quyet dinh ciia Dai hdi ddng Lien hgp qude, ddng didi khdng dinh "cham sdc ngudi cao tudi la mot chinh sach rdt quan tixing ciia Dang, Nha nudc ta"
i _ cX K/onon
Trang 3^Igay 17/9/1992, Chu tjch Hdi ddng Bd ti-udng
nay la Thu tudmg Chinh pbii) da ban hanh Chi
hi sd 332-CT ve viec td cbiic ngay Quoc t l
igudi cd tudi, da chi ra nhiing viec cae nganh,
;ac cap, cac co quan doan thi phai Iam ttong
iip nay (ngay 01/10) hdng nam, trong dd da
Kac dinh: "Ngay Qude te ngudi eao tudi cdn
lupc td ehuc tdt, cd sy chi dao cua cae co quan
nha nude, cac doan the nhan dan, dudi su chi
iao cua cac cap uy dang"
Hai la, ke thira tu tudng, quan digm ve xay dyng
tie thdng chinh sach danh cho ngudi cao tiidi qua
:ac ban Hien phap nam 1946, nam I959,nam 1980
va sy bien chuyen eiia tinh hinh chinh tri - xa hdi
irong va ngoai nudc, Hien phap nam 1992 chiia
lung nhieu ndi dung tien bd ve chinb saeh ngudi
:ao tudi Hidn phap nam 1992 da true tiep tac ddng
ldn ddn quyen co ban cua ngudi cao tudi Cu thd,
EMeu 61 Hien phap 1992 quy dinh: "Cdng dan cd
quyen duoc hudng chg dp bao ve sire khde Nha
ludc quy dinh che do vien phi, che do mien, giam
vien phi" va tai Didu 67 ghi: "Ngudi gia, ngudi tan
tat, tie md cdi khdng nai nuong tya dugc Nha nudc
^a xa hdi giiip do" Cd the thay, qua day nhigu diem
ien bd vg chinh sach ngudi cao tudi ciing nhu thuc
bi quyen co ban ciia cdng dan - tu each ngudi cao
ndi d nude ta giai doan nay: (i) Hign phap xac
linh rd ddi tugng thy hudng va tham gia thuc thi
;hinh sach ngudi cao tudi la "cdng dan" Dilu
lay cd nhieu y nghTa, vi vdi tu each cdng dan,
igudi cao tudi ngoai vide dugc hudng day dii
juyen ciia cdng dan thi quyen dugc thu hudng
)huc Ipi ciia nguin cao tuoi tiep tuc dupc dam
)ao; (ii) diem ndi bat nhat cbinb la viec Hien phap
iam 1992 xac dinh ro vai tid ciia eac chii thd cd
rach nhiem ttong thyc hien quyen ea ban ngudi
:ao tudi va chinh sach ngudi cao tudi - Nha nudc
'k xa hdi Viee bd sung ehii thg "xa hdi" la hpp ly
'di giai doan liic bay gid va ca hien nay EMeu nay
than anh ro tu duy xay dung chinb sach ngudi cao
udi bat dau sat va gan hoti, phan anh dimg vdi tinh
hat ciia xa hdi duong dai; ddng thdi, tao ra hanh
ang p h ^ ly cho nhieu td chiic, ca nhan, phap nhan
iam gja thyc hien chinh sach ngucri eao tudi ngoai
u can thiep ciia Nha nudc
Tuy nhien, so vdi cae ban Hien phap tiirde day, Hien phap nam 1992 vln chua ddi mdi vl tir duy,
du bao ti-ong xay dung chinh sach phat huy vai ttd ngudi cao tiidi Phan Idn cac ngi dung chmh sach ngudi cao tudi deu hudng din dam bao phuc Ipd
va phan phdi tixing viec thu hudng tiianh qua each mang, Uianh tiiu tang tiirdng kinh tl cho ngudi cao tudi ban la khai day, phat huy vai ttd to ldn cua lue lupng nay thdng qua cdng cu chinh sach vT md,
Ba la, sau khi Hdi Ngudi cao tudi Viet Nam
dugc tiianh lap (ngay 10/5/1995), Ban Bi thu da ban banh Chi tfii sd 59-CT/rW, ngay 27/9/1995
ve chdm sdc ngudi cao tudi, ttong dd nhan manh:
"Hgi Ngudi cao tudi Viet Nam mdi dupc dianh lap, can dugc nhanh chdng dn dinh vg td chiie va
md rdng boat ddng d co sd Dang doan Mat ti-an
Td quoc, cae ban dang, eae doan thd nhan dan cdn giiip dd Hdi boat ddng ed hieu qua thigt thyc, phoi hgp vdi Hdi frong viec van ddng gia dinh va xa hdi cham sdc, bdi dudng, phat huy ngudi cao tudi phuc vu cdng cugc ddi mdi Dang doan Qude hdi, Dang doan Mat tian Td qude Viet Nam, cac ban ciia Dang, cac ban can su dang Chinh phu, Bd Lao dgng - Thuang binh va Xa hdi, Bd Y te, Bp Tu phap phdi hgp vdi Hgi nghien euu, soat xet cac chinh sach luat phap hien hanh, de xuat nhiing van ban phap quy eiia Nha nudc nham bao ve, cham sdc va phat huy ngudi cao mdi Nha nudc can danh ngan sach de giai quygt eae van de xa hdi, ttong dd cd van de eham sdc ngudi cao tudi",
Bdn Id, nam 2000, lan ddu tign, mdt van ban cd
gia tri phap Iy cao nhat ve chinh sach cua ngudi cao tiidi dugc ban banh, Cu tbl, ngay 28/4/2000, Uy ban Thudng vu Qude bdi da ban hanh Phap lenh
s6 23/2000/PL-UBTVQHlO vl ngudi cao tudi
Dieu nay da chinh thiie khang dinh vi the, vai tto ciia ngudi cao tudi, ddng thdi gan trach nhiem eiia Nha nudc va xa hdi tiong su nghiep cham lo ddi vdi nguiri cao tudi d nudc ta giai doan phat trien mdi eiia dat nudc Ngay Phan md dau, Phap lenh
cd doan: "Nguin cao tiidi cd cdng sinh tiianh, nudi dudng, giao due con chau vg nhan each va giu vai ttd quan ttpng ttong gia ^ n h va xa hgi" va tai Dieu
2, Dilu 4 Chuang 3 Phap lenh nay da dd cap true tigp dgn ndi dung mang tam ehinh sach, dd la viec
Trang 4phat huy vai frd nguiri eao tudi ttong sy nghiep
each mang Tiep dd, Chinh phu da ban hanh Nghi
dinh sd 30/2002/ND-CP ngay 26/3/2002 quy dinh
va hudng ddn thi hanh mdt sd dieu ciia Phap lenh
Ngudi cao tudi, dam bao tinh thdng nhat, kha thi
thyc hien tten thuc te
Cd thg thay, chinh sach ddi vdi ngudi eao tudi
ttong thdi gian nay co budc tign bd ban so vdi
giai doan trude, tiong dd, viec phat huy vai ttd
ciia dpi ngii ngudi cao tudi bat dau dupc quan
tam khdng chi d gdc dp thuc tien, ma cdn phap
Iy hda ttong cac van ban quy pham phap luat
Viec xay dung phap lenh, ban hanh nghi dinh la
nhiing dau hieu dang mimg cho tu duy xay dung
va td chirc thyc thi chuih sach nguiri cao tudi
thich ling, chu ddng hem ttong giai doan mdi
* Giai dogn tir ddu the ky XXI din nay
Budc sang thg ky XXI vdi nhigu thdi co va
tiiach thiie mdi, chinh saeh ddi vdi ngucri eao tudi
ndi chung, chinh sach phat huy vai ttd ngucri cao
tudi ndi ridng da tigp ndi nhiing thanh tyu va nen
tang cua chinh sach nay ttong nhiing giai doan
tmdc va dan hoan thien, bai ban, viing chac hon
Dai hdi lan thii IX (nam 2001) ciia Dang da
khang dinh: "Ddi vdi cac lao thanh each mang,
nhiing ngudi cd cdng vdi nudc, eac can bd nghi
huu, nbiing ngudi cao tudi thyc hien chinh sach
din on dap nghTa, cham sdc siic khde, nang cao
ddi sdng tinh than va vat chat ttong dieu kien
mdi; dap iing nhu cau thdng tin, phat huy kha
nang tham gia ddi sdng chinb tri cua dat nudc
va cac boat ddng xa hdi; neu guong tdt, giao due
ly tudng va truyen thdng each mang eho thanh
nien, thieu nidn"'"
Bao cao Chinh tri tai Dai hgi lan thii X cua Dang
(nam 2006) ghi ro: "Van ddng toan dan tham gia
cac boat ddng den on dap nghia, udng nudc nhd
ngudn ddi vdi lao thanh each mang, nhiing ngudi
ed cdng vdi nude, ngudi hudng chinh sach xa hdi,
Cham sdc ddi sdng vat chat va tinh than cua ngudi
gia, nhat la nhirng ngudi gia cd don, khdng noi
nuong tya"'^', Bao cao khang dinh vai ttd va trach
nhiem ciia xa hdi ddi vdi ngudi cao tuoi
Ben canh nhiing chinh sach hudng dgn ddi
tugng thy hudng la ngudi cao tudi, mdt frong nhtrng
van dl khac can dugc cjuan tam la hoan thien nhan
su ciia CO quan cd Udn quan den ngudi cao tuoi, do
la Hdi Ngudi cao tudi Nhan thay vai ttd quan ttpng ciia Hdi Ngudi cao tudi, Chinh phu da ban hanh chinh sach, che dp cho ngudi diing ddu hgi la Chii tich Hdi ngudi cao tudi co sd de gdp phan xay dyng Hdi viing manh, ttd thanh dia diem smh boat lanh manh va hieu qua cho ngucri cao tudi'^' Nam 2004 la nam cd budc tien manh me frong chinh sach ngudi cao tudi Ngay 05/8/2004, Thii tudng Chinh phii da ban hanh Quyet djnh sd
l41/2004/(^-TTg "Fe' viec thdnh lap Uy ban
Qude gia vi ngudi cao tudi Viet Nam" Day dugc
xem la mdt budc tidn bd ttong tu duy hanh ddng cua Chinh phii ve chinh sach doi vdi ngudi cao tudi, ttong dd cd viee tang cudng hieu qua cdng tac thuc hien chinh sach phat huy vai ttd ngudi cao mdi tten thuc tg Dd khdng chi don thuan la
su nhin nhan lai vai frd ciia ngucri cao tiidi, ma quan ttpng hon la su thay ddi ve mat tu duy khi thanh lap mgt eo quan chuygn phu trach tu van nhiing vdn dg lign quan din ngudi cao tudi cho Chinh phu
Ngay 26/3/2006, Thii tudng Chinh phii (K ban hanh Quyet dinh sd 772/QD-TTg ve ngay tinyen thdng ngudi cao tudi Viet Nam, lay ngay 06/6 hang nam la "Ngay trayen thdng ngucri cao tudi Viet Nam", nham giao due tmygn thdng tdt dep ciia tbl he di ti-udc lam guong cho Idp tie di sau tigp tuc ddng gdp cdng siic, tri tue de xay dung
va bao ve Td qude giau dep, van minh, dan cbii, bin viing, ttong dd van ddng toan dan tham gia phong trao cham sdc va phat huy vai ttd ngudi cao tudi, kgu gpi sy ddng gdp ciia edng ddng eham sdc ngucri cao tudi, tao dieu kien dg ngudi eao tudi sdng vui, sdng khde, sdng cd ich va nghia tinh Dac biet, nam 2009, Luat Ngucri cao tudi ra ddi,
cd hieu luc tii ngay 01 /7/2010, da tao nin tang viing chac cho viec xay dung td chitc Hgi Ngudi cao tudi Viet Nam, cham Io va phat huy vai ttd, vi ihe cua ngudi cao tudi frong giai doan mdi Theo dd, Luat
da danh nhieu phan quy dinh ve khang djnb ehinh sach nhdt quan frong viec phat huy vi tbl, vai trd ciia ngucri cao tiidi ttx)ng xa hdi hien nay mgt each day du va hoan thien nhdt Ben canh do, Quyet dinh
Trang 5sd 1781/C^-TTg, ngay 22/11/2012 cua Thii tirdng
Chinh phii ve phe duyet Chuang tiinh hanh dgng
qude gia vg ngudi cao tudi Viet Nam giai doan
2012 - 2020 tiong muc tieu tdng thi va chi tilt da
nhan manh: Phat huy vai frd ngudi cao tuoi phii hgp
vdi tigm nang va tiinh dp phat tiign kinh ^ - xa hdi
ciia dat nudc, la yeu td hang ddu tiring ttiuc thi chinh
sach qude gia vg ngudi cao tudi frong ihdi gian tdi
Hign phap nam 2013 ra ddi sau 3 nam thyc hien
Nghi quygt Dai hdi lan thiir XI eiia Dang va Cuang
linh xdy dung ddt nudc trong thdi ky qud dp len
chu nghia xa hpi ndm 1991 (bd sung, phat triln
nam 2011) chiia dyng nhieu dilm tiln bd, kl tiiita
dugc hat nhan tien bg va tinh hoa ttong tiinh dp,
ky thuat va ngi dung lap phap ciia thg gidi hien dai
Tai khoan 3 Dilu 37 Hiln phap nam 2013 quy
dinh rat rd va tien bd ve quyen cdng dan, quyin
con ngudi co ban ngudi cua cao tiidi ciing nhu
chinh sach cua Nha nudc ddi vdi ddi ngii nay:
"Ngucri cao tudi dugc Nha nudc, gia dinh va xa
hdi tdn ttgng, cham sdc va phat huy vai tid ttong
sy nghiep xay dung va bao ve Td qude" Tai didu,
khoan nay dang ehii y nhat la:
- Lan dau tign, quyen ciia ngudi cao mdi
dupc ghi thanh mgt dieu khoan rieng, tach hdn
vdi cac ddi tugng khac, nhu ngudi tan tat, tre
em md cdi Day khdng phai la sy hidn nhien
ma la khang dinh cua Dang, Nha nudc vg quygn
va vai trd ngay cang quan trgng ciia ngudi cao
tudi trong su nghiep xay dyng, phat trien dat
nudc Vi vay, da ddn lue, vj tri ngudi cao tudi
can xac dinh dung va tuong xiing vdi y nghTa
vdn cd ciia nd
- Lan dau tien, quyen ciia ngudi cao tudi dupc
quy dinh day du nhat, khdng chi dupc thu
hudng gia tri vat chat, co ban nhat la cham
sdc sire khde va tign ven cac quyen cdng dan,
quyen con ngudi, ma cdn duge dam bao cac gia
tri tinh than - dupc tdn trgng, dugc cdng nhan,
ghi nhan su cdng hien va khang dinh vai trd cua
minh trong xahgi,
- Ldn dau tien, Hien phap phan anh ddy du, rd
net tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve vai trd ngudi cao
tudi frong xa hgi, dac biet tiong xa hdi hien dai
Dd la kien quygt chdng tu duy cd xua, lac hau
khdng hgp tiidi: "lao lai tai tan, lao gia an chi", khang dinh, ngudi cao tiidi co vai trd quan tipng
va vai trd dy cdn cd chinh sach, co chl thu hiit, phat huy, tan dung trong sy nghiep xay dung va bao ve Td qude Viet Nam bien nay,
2 Mpt so vdn de dat ra tir kit qua nghien cu-u
sy hmh thanh chinh sach phat huy vai tro ngirdi cao tudi theo gdc nhm phap ly d Viet Nam
Thir nhdt, chinh sach phat huy vai tid ngucri
cao tudi ttong cac linh vuc ddi sdng xa hdi ttai dai qua sudt chieu dai Iich su' Viet Nam the hien ygu eau til than, tdt ygu rang, ngucn eao tudi ttong bdt
ky giai doan nao ciing cd vi tri, vai ttd rdt quan ttgng Ddi vdi Viet Nam hien nay, do khdng chi don thuan va dimg lai d khia canh thuc hien chinh sach vi bdn phan, frach nhiem trudc Iich su hay tigp ndi tinygn thong "ttpng lao" ciia dan tde ta tir ngan ddi nay, ma nd cdn gan vdi viec giai quygt bai toan cbinb saeh vd cimg bde biia Cu thi: ngudi cao tudi se d dau va ed vi thg ra sao tiong tign trinh phat trign bgn vung ciia dat nude? Dau
la giai phap hpp ly nhdt giai quyit vdn dd cd tmh
vT md giira xay dung chinh sach gia hda dan sd chil ddng vdi thuc trang thieu hut ngay cang trdm ttpng nhan luc lao ddng chat lupng eao va bai toan Viet Nam sap sira tid thanh qude gia "sieu gia" khi van cdn dang "ngheo"?
Tln'e hai, sy ddi mdi, hoan thien mdt each tich
cyc, thuc chat frong tu duy va thuc tien thuc hien chinh sach phat huy vai ttd ngudi cao tudi d nudc
ta ludn gan lidn vdi nhirng chang dudng lich sii cua
dan tdc Tir nep sdng, tmyen thdng, quy dinh bat budc cd tinh dao dire, viec khang dinh vi tiie, vai ttd ngudi cao tudi dan dupc bigu hien dudi dang luat phap, dupc thd che hda va dam bao thue hien bang sire manh quygn luc nha nudc va su ddng thuan ciia toan xa hdi Qua nghign cim chang dudng rat dai ciia chinh sach phat huy vai ttd ngudi cao tudi
d nudc ta, cd tiig khang dinh sy chuyen bien manh
me vg mat tu duy, quan diem va phap Iy hda ttong thuc hien chinh sach nay d nudc ta la dau hieu rat dang mung Tuy nhidn, digu dang phai quan tam nhu tac gia ciing da it nhigu dg cap frong bai viet nay chinh la: (i) mite dp the bien (long ghep) ehinh sach nay ttong tdng the chinh sach ngudi cao tudi
Trang 6' Nghien cdu - Trao doi
d nudc ta thdi gian qua; (u) mite dp tiien khai, hieu
qua thuc thi muc tieu, giai phap va ndi dung phat
huy vai ttd ngudi cao tudi theo phap luat trdn tiiuc
tg dang la van de hgt sire ti-an ttd, Hidn nay, viec
trien khai chinh sach ngudi cao tudi d nudc ta van
dang gap phai cae ttd ngai sau:
- Nha nudc chua tim ra dugc cac giai phap huu
hieu, hai hda nhat de cd chinh sach ddi vdi ngucri
cao tudi sao eho vira van giir dugc net van hda
tmyen thdng, vira phii hgp xu tiie, ydu cau thdi dai
mdi Dieu nay the bien d su limg tiing la ndn hay
khdng ndn tiiyc thi he tiidng chinh sach phiic Igi ddi
vdi ngudi cao tudi d khia canh dat ngudi cao tudi
vao thg "bi ddng", hay "chu ddng", "vai ttd ngudi
cao tudi ra sao" trong tdng thg chinh sach,
- Dudmg nhu cd do "lech" ttong muc tieu,
ndi dung va uu tign ngudn lyc khi phan ldn
cac chinh sach danh eho ngudi cao tudi hien
nay ddu budng den cung cap ngay cang gia
tang, cai thien phiic Igi ciia Nha nudc danh cho
ngudi cao tudi thdng qua eac chinh sach bao
hiem, chinh sach bao trp xa hpi, chinh sach
cham sdc sire khde, hay chinh sach tai chinh
cho ngudi cao tudi Trong khi do, chinh sach
phat huy vai trd ngudi cao tudi ttong giai doan
hien nay du rat cap thiet (nhu da phan tieh d
frgn) nhtmg thudng dg bi bd qudn, hoac dupc
ldng ghep mdt each khdng thuc su day dii ttong
cac chinh sach ngudi cao tudi khac
Thu ba, chinh sach phat huy vai frd ngudi cao
tudi trong sudt chieu dai lich su nhu da phan
tich cd tac dung tich cyc, to ldn Didu nay, vira
khang dinh tinb dung dan ve chu truang ciia
Dang va chinh sach cua Nha nudc, vira phan
anh diing truygn thdng, dao ly va ygu cau thyc
tg d mdi chang dudng phat tridn cua dat nudc
Cd thg thay, d dau va chimg nao, chinh sach
phat huy vai trd ngudi cao tudi dugc coi frgng,
thuc hien bai ban, thyc chat va manh me thi
luc dd, siie manh cua ngudi cao tudi dugc phat
huy mdt each tdt nhat va la ddng lyc thiic day
dat nudc phat trien, vugt qua khd khan, cam go
nhat Do vay, viec chuan bi hanh trang chinh
sach cang chinh xac, day du, ehu dao nham
giai quyet eac thach thiic tir viee gia hda dan
sd ngay cang nhanh d Viet Nam ciing nhu phat huy vai frd ngudi cao tudi ttong giai doan mdi
la dam bao cho sy phat tridn kinh te - xa hpi nudc ta dn dinh ttong vai thap nidn tigp theo
Thu tu, viec nghien cim chinh sach phat huy
vai frd ngudi cao tudi d khia eanh Iich su, phap
ly ttong chieu dai Iich sii dan tde gdp phdn ciing
cd, lam sang td co sd ly luan, lich su va phap
ly cho viec tbiic day manh me tien ttinh xay dung, ban hanh va thue hien hieu qua chinh sach nay trong thdi gian tdi Ciing vdi luSn
cu-ed dugc ttong thdi gian qua gan vdi bdi canh kinh tg - xa hgi mdi cua dat nudc, cac ket qua nghien ciiu eiia bai viet se lam sang td va ggi
md nhidu y tudng cho qua trinh thuc day hinh thanh, hien thuc hda he tbdng chinb sach nham phat huy vai trd ngudi cao tudi d Viet Nam sdm nhat cd the
3 Ket loan
Thdng qua phan tich mdt each khai quat, tuong ddi toan dien, dam bao tinh logic lam ndi bat su tdn tai tten thuc tg chinh sach phat huy vai ttd ngudi cao tudi trong sudt chieu dai lieh sit dan tdc Viet Nam tir gdc nhin phap ly, bai vigt da gdp phan cung cdp tri thiic mdi vg chinh saeh ngudi cao tudi ndi chung, ttong do nhan manh den chinh sach phat huy vai frd ngucri eao tudi d nudc ta tit nam 1945 den nay Qua
dd, thiic day ddi mdi tu duy, hanh ddng nham giiip cac nha hoach dinh cd them chat lieu xay dyng, ban hanh va td chiic thyc thi he thdng ehinh sach nay mdt each thuc cbSt, day dii, kha thi trdn thuc te, gdp phdn khde phuc ttd ngai ttong qua trinh phat trien ciia Viet Nam thdi gian tdi G
'" Dang Cgng san Viet Nam, Vdn kien Dgi hdi dgi bieu todn quic lan thu IX, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia Ha Npi,
2001,tr.l27
'^' Dang Cpng san Viet Nam, Vdn kien Dgi hpi dgi bieu loan quic ldn thuX, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia Ha Ngi,
2006, tr, 104 '^' Nghi dinh s6 112/2003/ND-CP ngay 21/10/2003
ciia Chinh phii vi chi dp, chinh sdch ddi vdi cdn bp,
cdng chuc d xd, phudng, thi trdn