D A T V A N D E Khoa hpe vd cdng nghe da va dang lam thay ddi xa hpi lodi ngudi mdt each sau sac, loan dien tren tdt ed cac ITnh vyc, 6 mpi noi, mgi luc; nd khdng chi day nhanh tdc dp ph
Trang 1TAC DONG KHOA HQC \ A CONG NGHE
DOI vol HOAT DONG CONG TAC XA HQI HIEN NAY
IMPACTS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ON S0CL4L WORK ACTIVITIES TODAY
D6 VAN THA\G<->
TOM TAT: Bdi viet trinh bdy khdi quat su tdc dpng eua khoa hpc vd cong nghe den hogt
dgng cong tdc xd hpi hien nay Bdi viet tap trung vdo hai npi dung chinh: I) klioa hpc vd cong nghe ldm thay dot cdu true xa hpi; 2) khoa hoc vd cong nghe ldm thay doi doi tuang hogt dpng cua cong tdc xd hpi
Tic khoa: khoa hpc vd cong nghe; cong tdc xd hpi
ABSTRACT: The paper presents an overview ofthe impact of science and technology on
current social work activities Within scope ofthe research, this paper focuses on two main contents: first, science and technology change social structure, secondly, science and technology change the object of social work activities
Keywords: science and technology; social work
l D A T V A N D E
Khoa hpe vd cdng nghe da va dang
lam thay ddi xa hpi lodi ngudi mdt each
sau sac, loan dien tren tdt ed cac ITnh vyc,
6 mpi noi, mgi luc; nd khdng chi day
nhanh tdc dp phat trien xa hdi, ma cdn Idm
thay ddi cd ve eau tnic xa hpi lan ddi sdng
vat chat, tam sinh ly, tinh cam vd nhan
thiic cua moi thanh vien trong xa hgi
Chinh dieu dd dang dat ra nhirng each tiep
can, phuong phdp, nhiem vu mdi cho cdng
tdc xa hdi hien nay Bdi le, edng tac xa hdi
vdi tu cdch '7a mot ngdnh khoa hoc
nghien ciru vi cdc quy ludt tuang tdc cua
cdc cd nhdn vd cpng dong v&i he thong xd
hpC-, hay ndi mdl each khac 'Va mpt dich
vu chdm soc xd hpi duac chuyen mon hoa
de gidi quyel nhung vdn de xa hoi dae
biet", dam bao cho eac thanh vien, cdc
edng ddng xa hpi duoc phdt frien mdt cdch
ty do, binh dang theo cac quy luat ciia ty nhien vd xa hdi, tir do ddm bdo sy phat trien xa hdi nhanh va ben virng Vdi y nghia dd, bai viet phan tieh lam ro sy tdc ddng eua khoa hpe va cdng nghe ddi vdi hoat ddng cdng tdc xa hdi hien nay
2 NOI DUNG 2.1 Khoa hoc va cdng ngh? lam thay doi cau true xa hoi
Khoa hpc va cdng nghe ngay nay khdng ehi day nhanh tdc dp phat trien ciia
xa hdi, dua xa hpi loai ngudi len mdt tam cao mdi; ngudi lao dgng khdng cdn phdi
"chdn ldm, tay biin" hay sudt ngay lam viec
vat va vdi nhiing mdy mdc; ma gid day hp chii yeu dieu khien hoat ddng sdn xudt, hoat
'*' TS Truang Dai hpc Khoa hgc Xa hpi va Nhan va - Dai hoc Quoc gia Thanh pho H6 Chi Minh
Trang 2ddng xa hdi thdng qua he thdng hitemet,
cdc thiet bi dieu khien tir xa Dieu dd din
den nhiing thay ddi fren tat ca cdc Iinh vyc
ciia ddi sdng xa hdi, tao ra hang loat
nhirng khai niem, ITnh vyc, nganh nghe
mdi nhu: giao dich dien tu chinh phii dien
tir, van phdng dien tir, cdng nghe dam
may, kinh doanh Online, Hon the niia,
khoa hpc va cdng nghe ciing da lam khdng
gian sdng cua eon ngudi ngdy cang rdng
md, da dang ban; dac biet Id nd da tdc
ddng lam thay ddi cau tnic xa hdi, the hien
qua cde ITnh vyc nhu:
Thir nhdt, khoa hpc va cdng nghe
khdng ehi thiie day sy phdt trien ddi sdng,
gidi phdng con ngudi khdi nhirng cdng
viec nang nhpc nhimg lo loan "earn do,
.• ;„ „ho con ggo tien ; ma no con cung cap cn^
ngudi nhiing di6u kien, phuong ti?" "^
de con ngudi cd thd frao ddi thdng tin- tam frr, tinh earn, kdt ndi con ngudi ed chung
nhirng quan tam, nhu cdu \k ddi sdng v^t
chdt, tinh thdn, tinh cam, hay theo duoi nhung loi ich, myc tieu chung vupt ra khoi ranh gidi dia ly va ehinh frj thdng qua cac mang xa hdi tren Intemet tao thanh nhiing
cpng ddng "'cpng ddng mgng", hay cdn gpi
la "'cpng dong do (Virtual Community)"
(cu ddn mgng Netizen)" Su phdt trien
manh me ciia edng ddng mang hien nay duac Hootsuite va We Are Social thdng ke
vd edng bd trong quy 1/2018 chiem hon mdt nira dan sd the gidi, thd hien bang bieu
dd sau [3]
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Hinh 1 BiSu dd the hien so luong ngucri sir dung Intemei va cac mang xa hgi tren lh€ gi6i hien
Rieng a Viet Nam hien c6 khoang
58.000.000 nguoi tham gia Facebook, dimg
thii bay s6 nguoi tham gia Facebook tren
thS gim" [2] Chinh su gia tang ve so luong
va vai tro cua cong dong mang doi voi xa
hoi hien nay; ma bit cir qu6c gia nao, bat
cu linh vuc boat dong nao cua xa hpi nguoi ta dieu phai quan tam djn du luan
xa hoi do cong dong mang tao ra Cong tac
xa hoi vol tu each la nganh ••„g,„^„ ^ ^
cdc tuang tac giua cac ca nhan va cong dong" "la dich vu cham soc xS h~ "
Trang 3dpng dd; ma hon the niia phdi la mdt trong
nganh lien phong trong viec gidi quyet
nhimg van de nay sinh tir cdng ddng
m?ng, eung nhu nhiing tucmg tac ciia nd
vdi cac cdng ddng dan eu hien hiiu de thyc
hi?n cae ehiie nang ciia minh
Thir hai, sy phdt trien cua khoa hpc va
cdng nghe lam cho "viec sdn xuat ra ciia cai
ngay cang trd nen it phu thugc vao thdi
gian lao ddng va luong lao ddng bd ra ,
ma trudc hel phu thudc vao trinh dp chung
cua khoa hpc va tien bd ky thuat hay vao sy
ling dung ciia khoa hpc vdo sdn xuat" [1,
fr.l9] Ddng thdi eung ehinh sy phat trien
ciia khoa hgc vd edng nghe da lam eho sy
phan cdch giiia cde nganh, ITnh vyc sdn
xuat xich lai gan nhau, qud trinh san xuat
ciia xa hdi frd thanh mdt chudi sdn xudt gid
fri gan ket giira eac nganh, eac ITnh vyc,
khu vyc sdn xudt eua mdi qudc gia vd toan
cau Dieu dd Idm cho ranh gidi giira eac
ngdnh nghe cua ngudi lao ddng, ranh gidi
giira cdc cpng ddng dan cu dupe thu hep
iai Mat khac, chinh sy phat trien ciia khoa
hpc va cdng nghe ngay nay dang lao ra
hang loat nhung ngdnh nghe mdi, nhu kinh
doanh vd cde dich vu Online, cdng nghiep
loT (ket ndi mang Intemet va mang vat
ly) Dieu dd khdng chi thiic day xa hdi
phat frien nhanh ma cdn tao co hdi de
nhimg ngudi lao ddng cd hoan canh dac
biet, siic khoe co bap kem van cd the tham
gia cd hieu qua frong qud trinh lao ddng xa
hpi; hg cd the ty nudi sdng bdn than, giiip
dd gia dinh tham ehi Idm giau bang fri tue
ciia minh Tir dd tao ra ddng lye, khat vpng,
niem tin eho nhirng ngudi cd siic khde yeu,
hoan canh dae biet ma trudc kia hp phai
dinh, cua xa hdi; ddng thdi nd ciing ddi hdi, tao dieu kien de lyc luong lao ddng nay phai ed gang hgc tap, nang cao trinh dp khoa hpc va edng nghe de dap img yeu cau Nhiing dieu dd da dat ra nhiing yeu edu can
ed each thiic cham sdc giiip dd ddi vdi cac ddi lupng de phii hgp vdi su phdt trien cua
xa hdi ma edng tac xa hdi phdi thuc hien
Thu ba chinh tir sy phat trien ciia
khoa hpc vd cdng nghe da khdng chi tao ra nhieu ngdnh nghe, ITnh vyc boat ddng, sdn xuat kinh doanh mdi; ddng thdi tao ra mdi lien he dan xen, long nghep, ket ndi cde boat ddng, san xudl kinh doanh eiia mdi ngudi, mdl bp phan vao nhau Bdi, vdi viee giao dich thuang mai dien tu, van phdng dien tii, hdi hpp tryc tuyen ngudi
la ed eung Iiic thyc hien nhieu cdng viec vdi nhieu vai trd, chirc nang khac nhau md vdn dam bdo ket qud, chat lugng cdng viee theo yeu cdu Vi du: ngudi ta cd the vua dieu khien tudi cay ty dgng Online, vira nhan dan dat hang cung iing ndng san qua mang, vira ed the nghe nhac Chinh viec dan xen Idng nghep cdng viec eiia ngudi lao ddng, da tao ra sy dan xen, Idng nghep
ve vai trd, dia vi cua ngudi lao ddng trong cudc sdng, mdi ngudi deu cd the la ndng dan khi tryc tiep tham gia sdn xuat ndng nghiep, ddng thdi hg cung Id cdng nhan true ti8p dieu khien eac may mdc hien dai, edng nghe cao phuc vu san xudt ndng nghiep, bao qudn, che bien ndng sdn; ddng thdi hp lai tryc tiep tham gia mang ludi lieu thu sdn pham Online va Iai thudng xuyen nghien ciiu, hpc lap de lam ehii cdng nghe, nang cao tri thiic khoa hpc trong sdn xudt - kmh doanh va cudc sdng
Trang 4hdi ciia con ngudi dan den tu tudng, tinh
cam, tam ly, nhdn thiic eiia ngudi lao ddng
ddi vdi cac van de xa hdi, cdc edng ddng
cung thay ddi theo hudng cdi md, de
tucmg lac cam thdng Dieu dd khdng chi
yeu cau md cdn tao dieu kien de cdng tac
xa hdi bd sung, dieu chinh nhung quan
diem, phuang phdp, each thiic boat ddng
ciia minh ngay cang phii hop, hieu qua hem
trong bdi cdnh hien tai
2.2 Khoa hoc va cdng nghe lam thay doi
doi tiTQUg hoat dpng cong tac xa hpi
"Cong tdc xd hpi Id ngdnh hoe thuat
vd hogt dpng chuyen mon nhdm tra giiip
cdc ed nhdn, nhom cpng dong phuc hoi
hay tdng cu&ng chuc ndng xa hpi gop phdn
ddm bdo nen an sinh xa hpi" [4] Nhiing
ITnh vyc hoat ddng cua cdng tdc xa hgi cd
the la; cuu ddi, la frang bi ky nang sdng, ky
nang xa hdi cho cdc cdng ddng; hay tham
gia vao viec phat trien cgng ddng, phat
trien ndng thdn, dieu chinh miic dp dd thi
hda, phdp y, chinh ddn, phdp luat, quan he
lao dgng, hda nhap xa hgi, bao ve tre em,
bao ve ngudi cao tudi, phu nir, quyen con
ngudi; hoae qudn ly nhirng ngudi cai
nghien, phuc hdi chiic nang, phdt trien dao
diic, hda gidi van hda, qudn ly thien tai, siie
khde tam thdn tri lieu hanh vi vd khuyet
tat Ndi mdl each khai quat cdng lac xa
hdi la nganh nghien cim, hoat dgng nham
giiip dd nhirng con ngudi, edng ddng ngudi
vupt qua nhiing hoan canh khd khan,
nhiing tai ucmg, khiSm khuyet, mat mdl
frong ddi sdng vat chdt va tinh than; hon
the nua la viec xay dyng vd cung cd mem
tin cua nhimg eon ngudi dd vdi xa hdi vd
vdi sy phdn ddu vupt qua khd khan, tai
uonc ciia chinh minh Dd thue hien tdt dieu
do, nhihig nguoi hoat dong cong tac >^a phai thiu hi^u hp thupc dai tupng nao, hp dang gap van de gi, hp can dupe trp gi P diSu gi va giiip hp bSng each nao Vol s ^ phat tri6n cua khoa hpc va cong nghe da anh huong rit nhik dSn diSu kien, hoan canh sdng va lao dpng, anh huong den nhan thiic, tam ly, ni6m tin va khat vpng cua hp, nhu sau:
MOI la khpa hpc va cong nghe ph4t
trien tao diSu kien thuan Ipi cho nhiing ngucri co hoan canh dac biet, kho khan tham gia hoat dpng, hOi nhap vao doi song
xa hpi ngay cang sau rpng, nhu viec phat trien khoa hpc va cpng nghe da tap ra hang loat cac nganh nghg, ITnh vuc kinh doanh Online cho phep nhirng ngucri the luc yeu, khilm khuyet thi hinh c6 the tham gia va tham gia tdt vao cac hoat dpng nghien cim khoa hpc, giang day, kinh doanh Online; mat khac voi su tien bp cua khoa hpc va cong nghe ngay nay, y hpc va cac san pham tri tue nhan tao, cong nghe cao da tro giup dac luc va thay the nhirng bp phan ca the con nguoi bi khuyet tat, hu hong, giup con nguoi van co the s6ng, lam viec binh thuang, nhu cac may trp thinh, canh tay robot, cac thiet bi dieu khien bSng gipng noi DiSu do khong chi tao diju kien thuan loi cho nhirng nguoi hoan canh dac biet tham gia lao dpng va hoi nhap xa hpi sau rpng; ma hon thJ niia con tao dong luc,
niem tin di hp ren luyen, phin dSu nang
cao trinh dp nhan thiic, hang say hoat dpng
de tu vuot len chinh minh dinh, xa hpi Tir do da dan din giip ich cho gia doi ve tu duy, thai dp, nilm nhihig thay
xa hpi va voi chinh minh • *"? se xoa bo 16 *'" ciia hp vai
loi
Trang 5m|e cam ve sy bat lyc ciia ban than vdi sy
phdt yidn xa hpi
Hai Id, khoa hpe vd cdng nghe ngdy
nay ciing da tao ra cac gia tri tinh than cua
xa hpi ngay cang nhieu, phong phii ban Sy
phat frien eiia khoa hpe va cdng nghe da
''noi ddi ihem nlmng tri gidc ciia con
ngu&C' giiip cho con ngudi cd the cam
nhan, hudng thy cdc gid In tinh thdn vuat
khdi khdng gian han hep va thdi gian hien
lai minh dang sdng, ciing ehinh khoa hoc
va cdng nghe dang lam thay ddi ea nhimg
chuin myc khudn mau trudc day ve ddi
sdng tinh than Tir dd giiip ieh eho nhiing
ngudi cd hoan canh dae biet, khdng cd dieu
ki?n ve siic khde, kinh te tim hieu, ket
b^n, giao luu true tuyen thdng qua he thdng
Iniemet, cac trang mang xa hgi Chinh
nhirng dieu dd da md mang nhan thirc cua
hp va lam thay ddi ddi sdng tinh than theo
hudng tich eye, vui tuoi ban Tuy nhien, nd
ciing ed mat trai la lam eho nhieu ngudi,
nhdt la gidi tre di vao cudc sdng do, tinh
frang nghien Games Online, ed bac Online,
nghi?n Facbook dang frd thanh phd bien va
nhieu khi thanh van nan, nhiing suy nghi
l?ch chuan, Iham ehi tdi pham cd the xuat
phdt hi day Nhieu trudng hop ngudi la
khdng nghe, khdng tin nhirng tu van, sy
giiip dd ciia cac nhan vien edng tdc xa hdi,
nhung lai rat tin nhiing Idi khuyen, nhimg
chia se bdi nhiing dieu dang tai fren mang
hilemel qua cde frang mang xa hdi Dieu dd
dang dat ra cho cdng tac xa hgi can nghien
ciiu tim ra cae phuang phap, each thiic hoat
dpng de thyc hien viec cham sdc cdc ddi
hipng ciia minh theo cde hinh thirc Online
hoac phdi ket hop giua tu van tryc tiep vdi
Online Mat khdc, tinh frang boat ddng eiia
con ngudi ngdy cang gan lien vdi mang Iniemet dang lam gia lang tinh frang sdng
do, nghien Online, cde bpnh nghe nghiep lien quan den mang Internet, benh fram cam, benh vd sinh, sd ngudi nhiem HIV, cdng ddng LGBT {Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual
va Transgender) dang ngdy mpt gia tang va fre hda trong xa hdi khdng chi dnh hudng den siic khoe, ddi sdng tinh than va nang lyc nhan thiie, lam viec ciia eon ngudi; ma cdn gay nhieu hp luy den sy phat frien xa hgi Chinh dieu dd dang dat ra cac yeu cau cap thiel ddi vdi boat dpng cdng tac xa hpi, nhat la trong cdc b?nh vien, trudng hpc hien nay
Ba Id, khoa hgc vd cdng nghe Idm
thay ddi lam ly giao liep cua cde ddi lupng cdng tac xa hpi Bdi nhirng ngudi ed hoan canh dac biet, dieu kien sdng khd khan, vdn dT hp van ngai giao tiep vdi cpng ddng, hp thudng khdng mudn ndi va khdng mudn nghe ngudi khdc bdn ludn ve hoan canh, dieu kien sdng eiia minh, dac biet rdt khdng thich nhung ngudi khde quan lam theo kieu thuong hai Chinh nhirng dieu dd lam eho hg sdng khep kin, ngai giao tiep Tuy nhien, vdi su phat trien cua eac mang xa hdi, hp de dang lap nhdm giao tiep, trd chuyen, chia se nhau, giiip dd nhau qua eac trang mang xa hdi; bdi, d dd mac dii hp de dang trao ddi, tam sy, nhung Iai khdng phai Id dien, nhirng van de khidm khuyet ciia co the, nhirng hoan cdnh sdng eo le trd nen nhe nhdng, de ndi, de tam sy Dieu nay da lam thay ddi lam ly, nhan thiic ciia hp vd dat ra nhirng van de cho cdng tdc xa hdi cdn lim eac phuang phap, each thiic de cham sdc, giup dd hp
Trang 6cdc mang xa hdi hp gap gd, tiep xue vdi
nhieu ngudi cd hodn cdnh phiie tap, khd
khan nhu minh, tham chi cdn hon niia vd
hp cdm thay minh khdng phdi Id ca biet,
dieu dd se lam thay ddi tam ly ty ti, ngai
giao tiep Nhiing thay ddi tam ly dd se tao
dieu kien de cac nhdn vien cdng tac xa hdi
tiep xuc, cham sdc hd trp hp
3 KET LUAN
Tir nhiing phan tich, trinh bay tren da
cho thdy khoa hpc va cdng nghe ngay nay
khdng chi lam gia tang cac ITnh vyc ciia
cdng lac xa hdi; ma cdn lam thay ddi ldn
den cac ddi tuong cua cdng tac xa hdi tir
didu kien lam viee, kha nang tham gia hpi
nhap vdi xa hdi den nhung van de ve ddi
sdng vat chat, tinh than, niem tin, khdt
vpng, ddi sdng tinh than Dieu do dat ra
yeu cau eho cdng tdc xa hdi can nghien
ciiu dieu ehinh, bd sung nhiing phuong
phap hoat ddng ciia minh de phii hgp vdi
nhiing yeu eau ciia nghe; ma ban the nira
la vi?c dieu chinh bd sung cdc phuong
phap nhdm de ddng djnh vj duac ddi tucmg cua minh thupc ddi tugng nao hp da^S 6^" van de gi, hp can dugc frg giup dieu gi va
menh
ldm cdch ndo dd giiip dd hp de hp tiep
nhan sy giiip dd mpt cdch hgp tac, muan
tien, ed nhu vay edng lac xa hdi md thanh tdt chiic nang, nhiem vu va sii eua minh Vdi su phdt fridn mang xa hdi hien nay nhu ti8p can Online qua cac mang xa hgi, qua cdc web, hoae tu van Online, tryc tuydn, didu dd khdng chi giup cdc nhan vien cdng tac xa hdi ket noi dugc vdi ede ddi tugng tu xa, d nhiing vung xa xdi ma nhidu khi cdn phii hpp vdi tam ly eiia eac ddi tugng ngai giao tiep tryc tiep; ddng thdi lao didu kidn de cde nhan vien cong tdc xa hdi tiep can nhanh vdi eae ddi tugng Chinh nhiing dieu dd da dat ra yeu eau can nghien ciiu xem xet iing dung khoa hpc vd cdng nghe vao viec nghien ciiu, hoat ddng nghe nghiep eua cdng tdc
xa hdi hien nay
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Danh Son (Chii bien vd cac tdc gia, 1999), Quan he giira phdt triin khoa hpc vd cong
nghe v&i phdt tnen kinh te - xd hpi, Nxb Khoa hoe Xa hdi, Hd Npi
[2] Bao Binh (2019), Bdt nga ve nhirng mgng xd hoi l&n nhdt thi gi&i hien nay co tren 1
t\> ngu&i diing hdng thdng,
http://eafebiz.vn/bal-ngo-ve-nhung-mang-xa-hoi-Ion-nhat-the-gioi-hien-nay-co-fren-1 -ty-nguoi-dung-hang-thang-20190718084046125,chn
[3] Nguydn Nguyen (2018), Viet Nam co so lumxg ngir&i diing Facebook l&n thir 7 tren thi
gi&i,
https://dantri.eom.vn/suc-manh-so/viet-nam-eo-so-luong-nguoi-dung-facebook-lon-thu-7-fren-the-gioi-20180418145 327613 httn
[4] Shuttlesworth, Guy (2015), Social Work and Social, https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Ngdy nhan bai: 07-8-2019 Ngay bien tap xong: 20-9-2019 Duyet dang: 25-9-2019