Nhin mot each tong the, nhung hinh thuc chi tieu trong viee dam bao ehSt lugng song cua ngudi dan bao g6m cac khoan sau: i chi luong thyc thuc pham nham dam bao khau phan an hang ngay ch
Trang 11 AU UUJNt; CUA DAM BAO DICH VU XA HOI
CO B A N DEN CHAT LUONG CUOC SONG
CUA NGtTOfl DAN T Q C THIEU SO 6 VIET NAM
D6 Thi Hai Ha
Khoa Khoa hgc qudn ly Trudng Dgi hgc Kinh ti Quoc ddn
Email: hadh@neu.edu.vn
Nguyen Dang Niii
Khoa Khoa hoc qudn ly, Trudng Dai hgc Kinh te Quoc ddn
Emad: nuind(^neu.edu.vn
Phung Minh Dire
Khoa Todn kinh ti, Trudng Dgi hoc Kinh te Qudc ddn
Email- phungminhduc79(ff),gmail.com
Ngay nhan'31/01/2020
Ngay nh?n ban siia: 20/02/2020
Ngay duyet dang, 05/3/2020
Tom tat:
Bdi viet ndysu diing phuong phdp trgng sd di xdy he chi sd tdng hgp ve chat luong cudc song
cho nguoi ddn tdc thieu sd d Viet Nam dua trin bo sd lieu VHLSS Thdng qua md hinh danh
gid tdc ddng, nghien cuu dd chi ra ddm bdo cdc dich VIA xa hdi trong linh vuc y te vd gido due
cd vai trd quan trgng de ndng cao chdt luang cudc sdng cua ngudi ddn tgc thiiu so d Viit
Nam hien nay Mot sd de xudt vd ggiy chinh sdch ve ddm bdo dich vu xd hdi co bdn cho ngirai
ddn tgc thiiu sd ciing dugc nghiin ciru dua ra thao luan
Tu- khoa: Dan tgc thieu so, dam bag dich vu xa hoi ca ban, chat lugng eugc s6ng, Viet Nam
Ma JEL: C43, C51,100,138, J15, J17
Impacts of ensuring basic social services on the life quality of ethnic minorities in
Vietnam
Abstract:
This paper uses the weighting method to build a composite index of the quality of life for
ethnic minorities in Vietnam based on the VHLSS data set Through the impact assessment
model research has shown that ensuring basic social services in the field of health and
education plays an essential role in improving the life quality of ethnic minorities in Vietnam
Some suggestions and policy recommendations on ensuring basic social services for ethnic
minorities are also discussed in this paper
Keywords: Ethnic minorities, ensuring basic social services, quality of life, Vietnam
JEL code: C43, C51,100,138, J15, JI 7
L Gidfi thif u cQng la dia ban phiie tap vdi eo sd ha tang yeu kem;
,T- XT • :A J- - ^ A- •• J" CO xuat phat diem kinh te-xa hoi thap, lap trung ho
Viet Nam co 54 dan tgc, trgng do ngoai dan ^ , / ^ •/ ^ /
ngheo cao, mat bang dan tri thap Cho den nay chat vdi 13,4 trieu ngudi, ehilm I4,6%> dan s6 ca nudc cao do mirc do tilp can cua ngudi dan den cac dich
tgc Kinh chiem da so, con lai 53 dan tdc thieu so
vdi 13,4 trieu ngudi, chiem I4,6%» dan so ca nudc
(Phiing Diic Timg & cong su, 2017) Tuy nhien day vu xa hoi ca ban dupe cung img tren dia ban con
Trang 2dan tgc thieu so con thap, khoang 20,4%) tram y te
xa chua dugc chuan boa, cong lac cham soc siic
khoe cho ngudi dan vung sau viing xa va dong bao
dan tgc thieu so van con ton tai khong it kho khan
vudng mac Sau nhieu nam thuc hien chinli sach
ho tra nha d, dat san xuat tren dia ban cac linh, den
nay vSn con 15,3%) hp dan tgc thieu so d nha tam; 6
nhiem moi tnrdng (dat, nudc, khong khi) van chua
dugc kiem soat trong khi ty le ho su dung nude hop
ve smh va h6 xi hgp ve sinh rSt thap (Phung Diic
Timg & cgng sy, 2017)
Nghien eiiu nay do do lap Irung vao tinh loan,
phan tich, danh gia thuc trang chat lugng cugc song
ciia ngudi dan toe thieu so d Viet Nam Tren ca sd
do ly giai moi lien he giira chat lupng eugc song
va dam bao dich vu xa hgi co ban, de xuat mot so
chinh sach co lien quan
2 Tong quan nghien ciju
Co nhieu each tiep can khac nhau ve xac dmh
dan tgc thieu so Tajfel (1978, 1981)chorangvi tri
xa hpi khong thuan Ipi la nguyen tac xac dinli ciia
cac nhom dan tpc thieu so Cae ly thuyet thong tri
xa bpl cua Sidamus & Pratto (1999) va ly thuyet
bien minh he thong ciia Jost & Banaji (1994) ciing
nhan manh tam quan trpng cua su khac biet ve dia
vi va quyen lye trong xac dinh nhom dan tpc thieu
so De kiem chung ly Ihuyel, nhieu nghien ciiu tam
ly xa hpi da sir dung mo hinh nhi nguyen hay mo
hinh phan doi de xac dinh nhom dan toe thieu so
trong tugng quan vdi dan tgc da so (Verkuyten,
2004) O Viet Nam, dan tpc thieu so dupe xac dmh
thong qua so dan so sanh vdi dan tpc da so (Chinh
phu, 2011)
Dich vu xa hgi co ban dugc Lien hiep quoc dua ra
lan dau tien nam 1994, la cae boat dgng dich vu cung
cap cho cac doi tu'ong nham dap img nhimg nhu eau
toi thieu eiia cugc song Mehrolra & cong sy (2000)
khang dinh dich vu xa hoi eg ban giiip con ngudi c6
dugc su phat tnen virng chac Theo quan diem cua
nhom nghien cult nay, cac hgp phan cua dich vy xa
hgi CO ban nhu cham soc y te (cham soc sire khoe
doi vdi ba me trong qua trinh sinh san; cham soc va
ngan chan suy dinh dudng Ire em), giao due ca ban
(tieu hgc), nudc sach va nha d thoa dang se giiip con
ngudi CO dugc co hpi thoat ngheo va hudng tdi mpt
cuoc song tot dep han Tuy nhien, cac hop phan ciia
dich vu xa hgi ca ban khong co su dong nhat giiia
va ve sinh mdi trudng, giao due ca ban, cham s
siic khoe ca ban, b6 sung dinh dudng cho phu n^ co
thai va tre nho, bira an trua d trudng hpc la cac nPP phan eua dich vu xa hgi co ban, va nha nudc g'i* ^^ tro quan trgng nbSt yong viec cung cSp cac dich vu
ca ban nay Nghien ciiu vl lai ich chung ciia dich vy
xa hgi yong cgng d6ng Chau Au, Polacek & cong sy (2011) chi ra 4 hgp phin thuoc dich vu xa hoi co ban duac quan tam tiong eong d6ng cac qu6c gia thanh vien: (i) cham soe y tl dai ban, (li) y tl va giao due cho ti-e nho, (iii) cac dich vu viec lam, va (iv) nha d xa hoi Kim & Kim (1977) lai cho r§ng cac hop phan eiia
he thong dich vu xa hpi ca ban dugc trien khai trong tiidi ky thuc hien Chuong trinh Saemaul Undong bao g6m: (i) cai thien moi trudng, (i) tap huan nang cao nang suat lao dpng trong nganh nong-lam-ngu nghiep, (iii) phiie Igi ve nha d va cham soc y te eho nhimg vung nong thon khd khan, (iv) cham sdc tre
em, (v) dao tao nghe va hudng nghiep cho ngudi dan nong thon
Khai niem dich vu xa hpi ea ban a Viet Nam dugc
xay dyng dua yen sy kl thira cae tu tudng, quan diem ve dich vy xa hgi co ban eua cac nha khoa hpc tren the gidi Chuong trinh hanh dpng quoc gia vi tre
em Viet Nam giai doan 2001-2010 ISn dau tien da
de cap den eym tir "dich vu xa hoi co ban", trong do chi r5 vai tro ciia Nha nudc trong viec ban hanh eae chinh sach khuyen khich cac to chirc va cac ea nhan trong va ngoai nude tham gia ho trg thyc hien eae myc tieu vi tre em (Thii tudng Chinh phu, 2001a) Ngay sau do, trong mue lieu long quat ciia Chuong trinh muc tieu quoc gia xoa doi giam ngheo va viec lam giai doan 2001-2005, thi muc tieu hd trp ngudi ngheo, hp ngheo, xa ngheo tiep can eae dich vu xa hgi ciing da dugc dat ra (Thii tudng Chinh phu, 2001b) Tir day, cae chinh sach cong cua Nha nude ban hanh thudng dua ra muc lieu dam bao tiep can dich vu xa hpi ea ban cho ngudi dan
Malley & Fernandez (2010) dua ra 2 nhom tieu chi de danh gia chat lugng trong cung cap dich vu
xa hgi CO ban: (i) chat lugng ciia dich vu eham soc
va (ii) chat lugng eugc song Trong nghien ciin nay, chat lugng cua dich vu xa hpi dat duoc thong qua tae dpng len chat lupng cuoc song va chung to moi quan
he giira dam bao chat luong dich vu xa hpi ca ban va chat lugng cuoc sdng
Theo Felce & Perry (1995) co ba quan diem vl
Trang 3kien song (life condition); (ii) la su hai long vdi cudc
s6ng (satisfaction with Hfe); (iii) ia su ket hop giira
dilu kien song va su bai long vdi cuoc song Tuy
nhien quan dilm eua Cummins (1992) djnh nghia
chat lugng cuoc s6ng la sy kit hgp giira cac dieu
kien sdng va su hai long vdi cugc song nhung nhan
manh sy can thiet phai xem xet cac gia tri ca nhan,
cac nguyen vgng va mong muon ca nhan co nhieu
un diem hgn ba quan diem tren Scutella & cgng su
(2009) cho rang, chat lugng cugc song dugc danh
gia dya tren 3 nhom lieu ehi: (i) sire khoe va hanh
phuc, (ii) mdi trudng song va (iii) tgi ac va su pham
tgi Tren khia eanh kinh tl, nhieu hgc gia cho rang
chat lugng eugc sgng cua ngudi dan phu thuge vao
cac khoan ehi tieu ctia hp cho van de sire khoe va
sd hiiu cae tai san cho sinh hoat hang ngay Gao &
cong su (2010) da neu ra cae nhu cau chi tieu theo
cac mirc khae nhau eiia cac hg gia dinh Nhin mot
each tong the, nhung hinh thuc chi tieu trong viee
dam bao ehSt lugng song cua ngudi dan bao g6m
cac khoan sau: (i) chi luong thyc thuc pham nham
dam bao khau phan an hang ngay cho cac thanh vien
yong gia dinh va (ii) ehi ngoai luong thuc thyc pham
vdi muc dich eai thien dieu kien song, bao ve siic
khoe eho cac thanh vien trong gia dinh, duy tri moi
quan he vdi lang xom, lang gieng va cgng dong nai
hp sinh song, tao ea hpi phat tnen eho ban than va
con cai thong qua viee dao tao nang cao kien thiic
Tren co sd ket hpp cac tieu chi do ludng chat lugng
cuoc song ciia Dasguta & Weale (1992), Scutella &
cong sy (2009), Gao & cong su (2010) vd Diiu tra
ve muc song hd gia dinh Viit Nam (VHLSS) qua cdc
nam, Mai & cgng sy (2012) dd xac dinh chdt lugng
cugc sdng ciia ndng hg dua tren viec sd huu tdi sdn
phuc vi( cho sinh hoat hdng ngdy nhu sau: tinh trang
hien tgi ve dieu kien nhd sd tivi, diin thoai, tii lanh,
mdy dieu hda mdy gigt duoc sd hU-u boi cdc gia
dinh ndng ddn
Chat lugng cuoc song, dat trong sy thay doi
quan niem ve quan ly cong, dugc kit ndi chat che
vdi cdc dich vu xa hgi duoc cung cdp fAbbate &
cgng su, 2001) Cu the hon Mailer & Sehlemmer
(1983) cho rang co moi lien he giua nhu eau ca ban
(dinh dudng, sire khoe, nha d, nudc sach, giao thong
va giao due) vdi chat lupng cuoc song Dam bao
nhu eSu ca ban dd la co sd de dam bao chat lupng
cudc song Thong qua danh gia Kl hoach phat triln
Meesapya (1994) chi ra tac dpng tich eye cua dam bao nhu cau co ban eho ngudi dan cua Chinh phu Thai Lan tdi chat lupng eupe song, nhu cau eg ban dupe dam bao tot hon, chat lugng cugc sdng ciia ngudi dan se tang len, tuy nhien dieu nay ciing phu thupc mpt phan vao kha nang hap thu va ty dam bao nhu cau cua ngudi dan Ngugc lai, neu nhu eau eo ban tang cao ma khong dugc dap iing, chat lugng cugc song cung se giam siil (Brinkerboff & Frideres, 1997) Tren giae do nha nude, McGregor & cgng sy
(2009) khang dinh thong qua da lieu thuc nghiem
ve chat lugng eupc song, cac nha hoach dinh chinh sach cd the xac dinh nhimg nhu cau eiia ngudi dan can dam bao, tir do ban hanh chinh sach phii hgp, dong gop vao sy phat trien cua xa hpi
3 Phu-OTig phap nghien cmi
3.1 Mo hinh danh gid tdc dgng cda ddm bao dich vu xd hoi cff ban den chdt luo'ng cugc song cda nguoi ddn tpc thieu so d Viet Nam
Tren the gidi cd nhieu phuang phap tinh chi so chat lupng cuoc song xay dyng tren tap cac chi so con, va CO the phan lam hai tnrdng phai chinh, bao gom: (i) trudng phai thir nhat xay dyng chi so tong hgp bang each lay trung binh chung ciia cac chi so con; va (ii) trudng phai thu hai ap dung trgng so cho cac ehi so con khi xay dung chi so long hgp Trudng phai thii nhat co uu diem la don gian, nhimg nhugc diem dang ke la khong tinh den mire do quan trgng eua cac chi sd eon Vdi trudng phai thu hai cung co nhieu phuong phap de tinh trpng so, chang han trgng s6 dugc gan dya vao y kien chuyen gia, hoac trgng s6 duge tinh loan dua tren phan tich so lieu bang eae phirong phap thong ke
Nghien ciiu nay sii dung phugng phap xay dung chi so theo trudng phai thii hai, dugc de xuSt bdi Nicoletti & cgng sy (2000) va dupe sir dung bdi nhilu tae gia nhu: Greyling & Tregana (2017) hay OECD (2008), trong do viec tinh trgng so ciia cac chi s6 con duac dya tren ket qua phan tich thong ke Nhu vay dl xay dyng chi so chat lugng eugc song t6ng hgp, cac budc chinh sau khi lam sach dir lieu
se bao gom:
Budc 1: Phan tich s6 lieu thanh eae thanh phan
chinh SU' dyng phirong phap phan tich thanh phan chinh h6n hgp (FMMD);
Budc 2 Chuan hoa cae he so tai va tinh cac ehi
Sd 273 thdng 3/2020 kiiitiltU'liiillrici!
Trang 4Budc 3- Tinh ypng so (w) cho cac chi so eon;
Budc 4: Tinh ehi so long hgp dua tren cac chi so
con va trpng so tuong ung
Trong do y tudng cua phan tich thanh phan chinh
(PCA) la nhu sau Muc tieu chinh cua phuong phap
PCA la giam chieu dir lieu Tir bp so heu vdi so bien
k kha Idn, PCA giiip chat Ipc ra dugc p thanh phan
chinh (p < k) Cac thanh phan nay eo dac diem la
khong tuong quan vdi nhau va van giir dugc phan
Idn thong tin tir loan bg dir lieu Trong xay dung
chi so, cac thanh phan chinh nay eo the dupe hieu
nhu cac chi so con, the hien cho cac khia canh khac
nhau eiia chi so Tinh khong tuong quan ciia cac
thanh phan eon ngu y rang cae chi so eon nay giiip
do ludng cac khia canh khac nhau, khong chira dung
thong tin ciia nhau ve chi so chung
Mo hinh danh gia tae dgng cua dam bao dich vu
xa hpi ca ban den chat lugng cugc song cua ngudi
dan tpc thieu so trong nghien cuu nay c6 dang nhu
sau:
LQI_dtts_ =p„+ p^Truonghoc^ + P,Tramyte^ +
^/ramyte*KBTN^ + pfidpj)erOO^ + »_ (1)
Trong do / la chi so tinh, u^ la sai so ngau nhien
Cac bien so yong mo hinh cu the nhu sau:
LQIjitts: Chi so chat lugng cuoc song ciia ngudi
dan tgc thieu so, bien phu thuge trong mo hinh hoi
quy, dugc tinh toan theo phirong phap eiia Nicoletti
& cgng su (2000) nhu da trinh bay d tren, vdi cac
chi tieu thanh phan gom 5 nhom: (i) hgc van; (ii)
siic khde; (iii) nha d; (iv) thu nhap; va (v) ve sinh
LQIjitts CO gia tri nam trong khoang tir 0 den 1
Truonghoc: Ti le trudng tieu hpc tren dia ban
dugc cong nhan dat chuan quoc gia Bien nay dai
dien eho chat lugng giao dye tai dia phuang, trong
do dia phuang nao c6 ti le tnrdng dat chuan cao hgn
dugc dy kien se co chat lugng giao due cao hon, do
do CO the tac dgng tich cue den chat lugng cugc song
eua ngudi dan Don vi: Vo
Tramyte: Ti le yam y te xa co bac si, bien nay dai
dien eho vai tro eiia dich vu y le, trong do su c6 mat
cua dgi ngu bac sT la yeu to quan trgng de dam bao
chat lupng kham chiia benh d tuyen co sd, do do co
the anh hudng den chat lupng song cua ngudi dan
Don vi: %
Cac bien tren the hien eae khia canh khae nhau
chung yen dia ban Nhim dua them su khac biet p^^
ngudi dan tpc thieu s6 vdi ngudi dan tgc K'"!^ ; cimg dia phuong trong viec hudng thu cac dieu Ki -chung nay, mo hinh dua them biln khac biet trong thu nhap giira ngudi dan tpc thiiu s6 va nguo'i Kiti (KBTN), do bang tir phan vi cua su khac biet thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi ciia nguoi dan tpc ^-'^ "•
va ngudi dan tpc Ihilu s6 d moi tinh Trong mo hinh,
tramyte*KBTN la biln tuang tae giira biln tramyte vdi KBTN thi hien mirc khac biet giira ngudi dan
tpc thieu s6 va ngudi Kinh tai cimg dia ban Cung mpt moi trudng nhu nhau, khac biet trong thu nhap cang Idn ihl hien kha nang "hap thu" moi trudng, bien no thanh chat lugng song ciia ngudi dan tgc
Ihieu s6 cang thap Bien tuong tac giiia tramyte va KBTN cho phep tinh them den sy tuong lac giiia yeu
to y te va yeu to khac biet thu nhap Do van de da cgng myen, chung tgi loai bo bien tuang tac giiia
truonghoc vdi KBTN Ngoai ra, do dieu kien sd lieu,
cac yeu to co the co tae dgng den chat lugng cugc song cua ngudi dan chang han nhu: co sd ha tang,
dich vu nha a, ciing khdng duge dua vao trong
mo hinh
Gdp_perOO: GDP binh quan dau ngudi cua moi
tinh nam 2000, dugc su dung trong mo hinh de kiem soat anh hudng til' sy khac biet yong cac dac diem kinh te-xa hgi cua dia phuong den mirc song eiia ngudi dan noi chung va dan tpc thieu so noi neng, Nguon so iTeu tit Tong cue Thong ke; don vi: trieu VND
3.2.Md td so lieu
Bp so lieu trong phan tich thyc nghiem dupe tong hop theo cap tinh tir nhieu nguon khac nhau, bao gom: Khao sat miic song hp gia dinh Viet Nam (VHLSS) theo cac nam tir 2006 din 2016; dilu tra • thong tm ve thyc trang kinh te - xa hgi eiia 53 dan tpc thieu so nam 2015; s6 lieu GDP binh quan dliu ngudi cap tinh nam 2000, dugc cung cap bdi Tong cue Thdng ke Trong do, bg so heu VHLSS dugc khai thac de tinh chi so chat lugng cugc song ciia ngudi dan tpc thieu so, bp s6 lieu 53 dan tpc thiiu s6 dupe khai thac de tinh cac bien dai dien cho dam bao dich vy xa hpi co ban doi vdi ngudi dan noi chung d cac tinh va thanh pho tren loan quoc Bp s6 lieu tdng hgp diing trong phan tich co long cgng 48 quan sat, bao gom nhiing tinh va thanh pho co ngu'di dan toe thieu so sinh song
So 273 thdng 3/2020 liiiiliMaiim
Trang 5)han c)iinh
1
2
3
4
5
Gia trj rieng 4.01 1.70 1.34 1.24 0.99
Giai tliich dirffc 26,71 11,37 8.91 8.25 6,63
Tong don 26.71 38.08 46.99 55.23 61,86
Ngudn Tinh todn ciia nhdm tdc gid tren bd sd lieu
4.Ket qua nghien ciru
4.1.Ket qud ve chat lucmg cugc song cua nguffi
dan tgc thieu so vd ngwdi dan ndi chung d Viet
Nam
So lieu duge su dung de tinh cac chi so con dugc
trich tir Dieu tra miic sdng hp gia dinh Viet Nam
(VHLSS) theo cac nam tii 2006 din 2016, bao g6m
13 bien so chiia dyng cac thong tin ve cac khia eanh
khac nhau cua ddi song ngudi dan (Phy luc I) Trong
cac bien nay bao gom ca bien dinh tinh va bien dinh
luang, vi vay phuang phap FAMD dugc su dung de
tinh thanh phan chinh Sau khi tinh toan, chiing toi
giii lai 5 thanh phan chinh, vdi gia tri rieng xap xi tii
1 trd len, dugc trinh bay yong Bang 1, Theo Bang 1, c6 the thay thanh phan chinh thir nhat giai thich dugc 26,71 % su thay doi ciia bg so lieu, va tuong tiJ nhu vay cho cae thanh phan khae Tong hop eua 5 thanh phan chinh giai thich dupe 61,86% bg so lieu
Viec chuan hoa he so dugc thyc hien de long trpng so dong gop cua moi bien yong m6i thanh phan chinh la bang 1, kel qua dugc bao cao trong Bang 2:
Nhu vay cd the thay so lieu dugc gop thanh 5 chi so con, the hien cac khia canh khac nhau cua
chat lupng cuoc song, lan lugt la: (1) gido due (hgc
Bang 2: H^ so chuan hoa va chi so con Biln so
Hoc vdn chu ho
Thu nhap binh gudn
Tteu hoc
Trung hoc CO so
Trung hoc pho thong
Nhd a
Chi khdm
Chi not trtt
Om ndng
Nuacsach
Ti vi
Dien thogi
Bep
Nguon: Tinh todn cita nhom
S6 273 thdng 3/2020
wl 0,35 0,00
0 28 0,37
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ldc gid tren bo ,
w2
0
0
0
0
0
0 0,28 0,37 0.34
0
0
0
0
vo lieu
w3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0,44
0 24 0,33
w4
0 0,35
0
0
0 0,65
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
w5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
kiiilite,J'liiltlri™
Trang 60 7
0,6
0 5
0,4
03
-0,1
0
- —
l-1
4 I
:
-2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
• LQI chung LQI dtts
Ngudn: Nghiin ciru cua nhdm tdc gid
van chu hp, lieu hpc, yung hpc co sd, trung hgc pho
thong); (ii) y ti (chi kham, chi ngi trii, gm nang);
(iii) Ca sd vat chdt (ti vi, dien thoai, bep); (iv) kinh
ti (thu nhap binh quan, nha d); va (iv) vi sinh (nudc
sach)
Hinh I eho thay, chat luong cugc song ciia ngudi
dan noi chung va cua ngudi dan tpc thieu so noi
neng dupe cai thien dang ke theo thdi gian, ngoai
trir su sut giam trong nam 2010 so vdi cac nam eon
lai Nhin chung, eo su chenh lech kha dang ke giira
ngudi dan toe thieu so so vdi mat bang chung ve
miic song, my nhien miic chenh lech nay cung dupe
thu hep ke tir nam 2014 so vdi cac giai doan trudc Hinh 2 mo la sy thay doi yong cae chi sd con giiia cac nam 2006 va 2016 ciia ngudi dan toe thieu so
Co the thay, su cai thien dupe the hien mot each ro net trong cae yeu to nhu nha d va ve sinh, dong thdi dugc ghi nhan d mot so ehi tieu nhu hpc van va thu nhap Yeu to siic khoe khong co su khae biet nhieu trong giai doan nay va la mpt trong nhimg chi tieu cao nhat trong so 5 chi lieu cau thanh chat iugng eugc song
4.2 Ket qud tdc dgng cda dam bdo dich vit xa hgi cff ban den chdt lug'ng cugc song ciia ngwdi
Hinh 2: Cac chi so con doi voi nguoi dan toe tieu so
hoc van
Ngudn Nghien ciru ciia nhdm tdc gid
MnhlAUricn
Trang 7Bien so
LQI dtts
Truonghoc
Tramyte
KBTN
GDPjerOO
N
48
48
48
48
48
Mean 0,516 40,783 71,132
3,311
Std Dev
0.078 19.413 21,595
4.950
Min 0.296 12,4 15,888
1 1.018
Max 0.735 93.443
100
4 35,015
Ngudn: Tinh todn cua nhdm tdc gid tren bd sd lieu
dan tpc thieu so ff Viet Nam
Mot so thong ke ca ban cua eae bien so trong md
hinh hoi quy de xuat duoc the hien yong Bang 3
Theo Bang 3, gia tri trung binh cua bien LQIjitts
la 0.516 vdi khoang bien thien tii 0.296 din 0.735
cho thay c6 sy khac biet ve chat lugng cugc sdng
cua ngudi dan tpc thieu s6 giiia cac dia phuong, tuy
nhien dp phan tan eua bien nay khdng cao Dang
chii y la do phan tan ciia cac bien truonghoc, tramyte
va GDPjyerOO la kha Idn so vdi gia tri trung binh
tuang img, cho thay cac yeu to ve dam bao dich vu
xa hgi eg ban la khac nhau dang ke giiia cac dia
phuong
Do bien phu thupc nhan gia tri nam trong khoang
(0-1) nen mo hinh dugc lya chgn la md hinh udc
lugng ty le vdi phan ph6i logistic Dt kilm tra,
nhom tac gia ciing da thyc hien hoi quy mo hinh vol
phugng phap OLS, va kit qua thu dupe cung kha
tuong dong (cac phu luc 2 va 3)
Sau khi thuc hien cac kiem dinh can thiet (phu luc
4), ket qua udc lugng mo hinh (1) theo phuang phap
hoi quy ti le dugc bao cao trong Bang 4
Ket qua udc lugng trong Bang 4 cho thdy cac he
so udc lupng deu c6 dau hgp vdi ky vgng va co y nghia thong ke Ket qua cho thay, dam bao cac dich
vu xa hpi CO ban noi chung va dac biet la trong ITnh vyc giao due va y te noi rieng eo anh hudng dang kl den chat lupng cupe s6ng cua ngudi dan tgc thiiu
so Viet Nam theo nhieu khia canh Cu Ihl nhu sau:
He so ciia bien truonghoc la duong va eo y nghia
thong ke d mirc 10% cho thdy: Khi ty le trudng dat chuan lang mpt diem phan tram thi chat lupng cuoc song tang them 0.0026 don vi Dieu nay phii hgp vgi ky vgng rang khi cd dugc giao due eg ban cang tot thi ehi so chat lupng eupc song ciia ngudi dan cang cao Khong chi hgc van la mpt thanh phan quan trpng trong chi so chat lugng cugc song, ma hpc van con CO tae dgng lan toa den cac chi so khae, chang han hgc van cang cao thi ngudi dan cang biet each cai thien nang suat lao dpng va nang cao thu nhap
He so eua bien tramyte duong vdi miic y nghTa
1% ngu y rang neu dia phuang co chat lugng dich
vu y te tot hem thi chat lugng cuoc song cua ngudi dan toe thieu so ciing cao hon Vdi sy eo mat ciia dpi Bang 4: KSt qua udc luong
Truonghoc
Tramyte
Tramyte'KBTNJ
Tramyle'KBTNJ
Tramyte'KBTNJ
GDP_perOO
cons
0.0026*
0,0065"' -0,0014 -0 0034'"
-0 0078"' 0,0069"' -0.3097'"
0,0015 0,0015 0,0013 0.0012 0.0015 0.0028
0 0909
1,71 4,37 -1,07 -2.84 -4.93 2.48 -341
So quan sdt
Nguon • Kel qud nghien ciru cua nhom tdc gid
SS 273 thdng 3/2020 kinliWIiiitlriM
Trang 8se de dang hon trong tiep can dich vu y te co cbSt
lugng ma c6 the khong phai den cac benh vien tuyen
tren, do do lam tang eo hgi va chat Iugng kham chira
benh, dieu nay giup cai thien chat lugng eupc s6ng
ciia ngudi dan toe thieu so
He so ciia bien tramyte ciing Idn mot each dang
ke (0.0065) so vdi he s6 cua biln truonghoc (0.0026)
va cae con so nay deu co y nghTa thong ke, eho thiy
viec tang chat lupng dich vu y te, thong qua viee
nang ty le tram y te co bac sy, dong mpt vai tro dang
ke trong viec nang cao chat lupng eupc song ciia
ngudi dan toe thieu s6 trong boi eanh hien lai
Ve bien tucmg tac, ngoai trir he s6 ciia biln
tramyte*KBTN_2, hau het trong d6 deu co gia tri
am, giam dan va co y nghia thong ke Dieu nay ciing
phii hgp vdi ky vong rang cac tinh co chenh lech
thu nhap giii'a dong bao Kinh vdi dong bao dan tgc
thieu so cang Idn thi kha nang hap thu dich vu y
te de cai thien chat lugng song ciia dong bao dan
tpc thieu so d tinh do cang thap He so eiia bien
Tramyte*KBTN_4 la am va eo gia tri tuyet doi Idn
hon he so eua bien tramyte cho thay doi vdi nhom
tinh CO miic chenh lech thu nhap Idn nhat thi dich
vu xa hpi CO the anh hudng tieu cue den chat lupng
cuoc sdng cua dong bao dan tpc thieu so Dieu nay
ngu y rang, dam bao dich vu xa hpi it eo tac dpng
tich eye, tham chi la tac dpng tieu cue den chat
lugng cugc sdng neu kha nang hap thu dich vu eua
ngudi dan thap va thy dpng
He so eua bien gdpjjerOO duong va eo y nghTa
thong ke d miic 1%, ngu y dac trung rieng khong
quan sat dugc cua cae tinh ciing gop phan quyet
dinh dang ke den chat lupng song ciia ngudi dan noi
chung va dan tdc thieu sd ndi rieng Cac dac tnmg
nay thudng phan anh su thuan Igi ve phat trien kinh
te - van hoa xa hpi dugc mang lai do dieu kien dia ly
hoac lap quan van boa xa hgi
5 Ket luan va kien nghi
Bai viet da cung cap mpt nghien cim thuc nghiem
nham danh gia chat lugng cugc sdng va phan tich
vai tro eua dam bao dich vu xa hgi ca ban doi vdi
chat lugng eupc song cua ngudi dan tpc thieu so
Kel qua nghien eiiu cho thay, chat lupng cuoc song
ciia ngudi dan tpc thieu so noi rieng da dugc nang
len theo thdi gian, dac biet la cac yeu to nhu: ve sinh,
nha d va hgc van deu duac cai thien mpt each dang
kl Ket qua nghien ciru ciing cho thay, dam bao eae
vu yong cac ITnh vuc giao due va y te noi rieng la nhirng boat dpng co y nghia thilt tiiuc, c6 vai ho quan trpng de nang cao chat lugng cuoc song cua ngudi dan tpc thiiu s6 d Viet nam hien nay Cac kit qua nghien ciiu ggi md cho mot so de xuat chinh sach nhu sau:
Mdt la, hien nay chat lupng cugc song ciia dong
bao cac dan tpc thiiu s6 vIn con thap hgn dang ke
so vdi d6ng bao Kinh va kha khac biet nhau giira cac dia phugng Vi vay, viee cai thien cac chinh sach nham nang cao chat lupng s6ng ciia d6ng bag dan tpc thiiu s6 la r§t can thilt Quan trpng hon, cac chinh sach ciing can quan tam den tinh dac thu ciia cac dan toe va cac dia phuong ngay tir khi hoach djnh, cung nhu trong l6 ehiic thuc thi Dieu nay giiip phat huy tii da tac dpng tich cue va giam thieu lac dpng tieu cue ciia dam bao dich vu xa hgi eg ban len chat luong eugc song eua dong bao dan tgc thieu so
Hai Id, ket qua cho thay vai tro cua cac dich vu
CO ban nhu y te, giao due dong vai tro quan trgng trong viec giiip nang cao chat lupng song ciia dong bao dan Ipc thieu so Do do cac chinh sach nham cai thien chat lupng dich vu xa hpi eo ban nhu gia tang
ly le sd tram y te co bac sy hay cai thien dieu kien giang day hpc tap tai cac trudng hgc deu la nhiing chinh sach can xem xet Chang han, Khanh Hoa, Lai Chau hay Dien Bien la cac tinh co chi so chat lupng cugc song, ly le tru'dng dat chuan, ty le tram y te c6 bac sy deu thuoc nhdm thap nhat Do do de cai thien chat lupng song ciia dong bao dan toe thieu so, can
CO cac chinh sach tich cue cai thien y te, giao due ciing nhu kha nang hap thy cac dich vu xa hgi tai cac tinh nay
Ba la, kit qua udc lupng cung cho tbdy, kha nang
hap thu cac dich vu xa hgi co ban n6i tren - nhu y
te hay giao due - nham nang cao chat lugng sdng eon phu thuge vao nang lye bSp thu ciia dong bao
Do do ngoai viec gia tang cac dich vy, thi viec tao
ra ea che khuyen khich ngudi dan sir dung dkh vu
do cung la dieu hit sire quan trpng Chang ban can
cd he th6ng thdng tin, myen truyin l6t ban din dong bao dan tpc thieu so de nang cao nhan thirc vl vai tro ciia giao due va phong, kham chira benh, cung nhu
CO cac chinh sach tin dung de ngudi dan co dilu kien
de tham gia sir dung cac dich vu nay
Trang 9khoa hpc va cong nghe cap quoc gia giai doan 2016 - 2020 "Nhiing van de ca ban va cap bach ve dan tpc thieu so va chinh sach dan tgc d Viet Nam din nam 2030"
Phu luc 1; Cac bien dutrc sir dung trong tinh chi so chat Iirvng cugc song cua nguoi dan Ten bien Djnh nghTa
Hoc vdn chii hd Hpc van chii hp, bien gia vdi 4 pham trii: I -tmng hpc ca sd; 2-tir trung hpc
CO sd den trung hgc pho thong; 3-tir sa cap nghi din cao dang chuyen nghiep; 4-dai hpc trd len
Thu nhap binh qudn Thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi (don vi: nghin VND/thang)
Tieu hgc Ti le ngudi tir 11 tuoi trd len co bang tieu hpc (dan vi: %)
Trung hgc ca sd Ti le ngudi tu 15 tuoi yd len co bang trung hgc co sd (don vi: %) Trung hgc phd thong Ti le ngudi tir 18 tuoi trd len co bang trung hpc pho thong (dcm vi- %) Nhd d Tinh trang nha d, bien gia vdi 3 pham tru: 1-nha lam; 2-ban kien co,
3-kien co)
Chi khdm Chi phi kham benh (ngi/ngoai tru)/t6ng thanh vien
Chi ngi trii So lan kham benh npi trii/tong thanh vien
Om ndng Hp co ngudi 6m nang nam mot cho phai cham soc
Nudc sach Ti le ho sir dung nudc sach trong an uong
Ti vi Hp CO li vi, bien gia: l-c6, O-khong
Dien thoai Hg co sir dung dien thoai co dinh/di dgng, bien giii: i-c6; O-khong Bep Hp CO sir dung cac loai bep ga, bep dien hoac bep tir, bien gia: l-c6;
0-khong
Ngudn Nghien ciru cua nhdm tdc gid
Phu luc 2: Ket qua irdc lu'png mo hinh bang phtro^g phap hoi quy ty le voi phan phoi logistic Fractional logistic regression Number of obs = 48
Waldehi2(7) 70.71 Prob > chi2 0.0000 Log pseudohkelihood = -32.903882 Pseudo R2 = 0,0103
I Robust
LQI_dtts I Coef Std En" z P>|z| [95% Conf Interval]
hnonghocj 0025938 0015169 1.7! 0.087 -.0003791 0055668
tramyte] 0065037 0014893 4.37 0.000 0035848 ,0094226
kbtn#e,tramyte |
2 1 -.0014475 0013471 -1.07 0.283 -0040878 0011928
3 1 -.0033964 0011951 -2.84 0.004 -.0057387 -.0010541
4 I -.0077576 001573 -4.93 0.000 -.0108406 -.0046746
gdp_per00| 0068896 0027788 2.48 0.013 0014433 0123359
cons 1 -.3097178 0908722 -3.41 0.001 -.4878241 -.1316116
S6 273 thdng 3/2020 iviiiiiiiyiiiitti'ii'
Trang 10Linear regression N u m b e r of o b s 48
F ( 6 , 4 1 ) 10.62
P r o b > F 0,0000 R-squared 0,5958 Root M S E ,05317
Robust
L Q L d t t s ] Coef, Std Err t P>lt| [ 9 5 % Conf Interval]
truonghoc 1 ,0006373 0003969 1.61 0.116 -.0001642 0014389
tramyte I ,0016111 ,0003885 4,15 0,000 0008266 0023957
I
k b m # c , t r a m y t e |
2 I -.0003544 0003514 -1,01 0,319 -,001064 ,0003551
3 I -.0008368 0003106 -2.69 0,010 -,0014641 -.0002095
4 1 -.0019206 0004096 -4.69 0,000 -,0027478 -.0010935
I
g d p j e r O O l 0017094 ,0007287 2,35 0,024 ,0002378 ,003181
_ c o n s | ,4232778 ,0238869 17,72 0,000 3750372 4715184
P h u luc 4: K i i m djnh Phuomg sai sai so thay doi
Breusch-Pagan / Cook-Weisberg test for heteroskedasticity
H o : Constant variance
Variables: fitted values of L Q l d t t s
c h i 2 ( l ) 0,08
P r o b > c h i 2 = 0,7730
Tai lieu tham k h a o ;
Abbate, R Giambalvo O, &, Milito, A, M, (2001) 'Ser\'ice and life quality The case of Palemio', Social indicators
research, 54(3), 275-308,
Brinkerhoff, M, B., Sc Frideres J, S, (1997), 'Basic minimum needs, quality of life and selected correlates: Explorations
in villages in northern India', Social Indicators Research, 42(3), 245-281
Chinh phii (2011), Nghi dinh 05/2011/ND-CP ve cong tdc ddn tdc.hnnhanhngiy 14 thang 1 nam 2011,
Cummins, R,A,(]992),The Comprehensive Quality of Life Scale: Intellectual disability, Deakm University, Melbourne Dasguta, P and M Weale (1992), 'On Measuring the Quality of Life', IVorld Development, 20(1), 119-131, Felce, D & Perry, J (1995), 'Quahty of Life: Its Dcfiniuon and Measurement', Research in Developmental Disabilities,
16(1), 51-74
Gao, Q , Zhai, F,, & Gaitinkel, I (2010), 'How Does Public Assistance Affect Family Expenditures? The Ca.se of Urban
China', World Development, 38(7), 989-1000
Greylmg, T,, & Tregenna, F (2017), 'Construction and analysis of a composite quality of life index for a region of
South Africa', Social Indicators Research 131(3), 887-930
Jost, J- T„ & Banaji, M K (1994), 'The role of stereotyping in system-justification and the production of false
consciousness', British Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 1—27
Kim, K & Kim, 0 , (1977), 'Korea's "Saemaul Undong": social structure and the role of govemment in imegrated
rural development" Bulletin of the Population and Development Studies Center 6, 1-16