Do dd, can thie't phai ed nghidn edu danh gia chddng trinh XDNTM, dac biet can ed danh gia eua ngUdi ndng ddn, dd'i tUdng quan trpng eua chUdng tiinh va cung la thanh phan chu ye'u sinh
Trang 1CAC NHAN TO ANH Hl/OfNG
TCfl SlJ HAI LONG CUA NGlJOfl DAN VE
TREN DIA BAN TINH THAI NGUYEN
• HO CHI DIEN
TOM TAT:
Nghidn edu dUdc thUc hidn nham xac dinh cac yd'u td' anb hUdng dd'n mdc dd hai long eda ngddi dan khu vdc ndng thdn tinh Thai Nguydn De tbdc hien nghien edu, 10 ngUdi dan va cdn bp khu vdc ndng thdn tJnb Thai Nguydn da dUde phdng va'n dinh tinb cung vdi 300 ngddi dan da tham gia vae qua trinh khao sat nay Dda trdn phUdng phap phan tich nhan to (EFA)
va pbUdng phdp hdi quy tuyd'n tinh, nghidn edu da tim ra bang chdng thdc ngbidm cho tha'y
cd sd tac ddng eua yeu td thu nhap, trinh dp hpc va'n, chinh quyln tdi mdc dp hai long ci^a ngUdi dan, Mdt so'khuyd'n nghi dd dUde d l xud't ttdn cd sd kd't qua nghien edu
Tiif khoa: Xdy ddng ndng thdn mdi, ddnh gia, ngddi dan, tinh Thai Nguydn
1 Gidi thieu
Ndng nghidp, ndng dan, ndng thdn ed vi tri
chid'n Iddc trong sd nghiep cdng ngbidp hda, bidn
dai hda, xdy dUng vd bao vd td qud'c, la cd sd va
ngudn Idc quan trdng cho phdt trien kinh td' - xa
hdi Viet Nam, Dd' phat triin ddng bd ndng ngbidp
ndng thdn, tdng budc nang cao ddi sd'ng vat chat
tinh than cua ngUdi ndng dan Dang vd Nha nddc
Viet Nam da cd nhieu chu ttddng, chinh sach quan
trong trdng do cd ChUdng trinb muc tieu qudc gia
ve xdy ddng ndng thdn mdi (XDNTM) Sau gan
10 ndm thUe hidn (2010-2019), tinh dd'n cud'i nam
2018, ca nude da ed 3 420 xa chie'm 38,32% xd
dUdc cdng nhan dat tidu chuan ndng thdn mdi, 53
ddn vi cd'p huydn thupc 27 tinb, thanb pbd trdn ca
nddc d\i(ic cdng nhdn dat chuan ndng thdn mdi
ChUdng nTnb XDNTM da dem lai nhieu tbay doi
rd net, cd ca'u kinh td' ndng thdn ed nhieu chuyen
dich tich cdc, nganh ngbl d ndng thdn phat trien tddng dd'i da dang, ndng nghidp - nganh kinh td' ebu ye'u cua khu vUe ndng thdn dang chuyin manh sang sdn xud't hang hda, kd't ca'u ha tang phat trien manh, nhilu md hinh phdt trien san xua't da tao ndn ddng lUc mdi cho phat ttien kmb td' khu vdc ndng thdn Ben canh dd, ke't qua XDNTM gida cac vung cdn ed sd chenh Idcb, nhieu ndi trien khai cdn mang tinb binh tbdc, tbUe hidn de Id'y thdnh tich, chira cd cac boat ddng mang tinh kidn tao, ehUa khai thac dddc bd't tiem nang the' manh cua khu VUc ndng thdn, thu nhdp, ddi sd'ng cua cdc vung ndng thdn cdn tbd'p Theo bao cdo kd't qua tdng dieu tta cua Bp Ndng nghidp va Phdt trien ndngthdn(nam2017)chotba'y, tyle xa dat chuan ndng thdn mdi cd sU khac bidt Idn gida cdc vung trong ed nUdc, vung Ddng Nam bd dat cao nha't (47%), gd'p gan 5 Ian ty Id cua viing dat thap nba't
Trang 2la TDMNPB (TDMNPB) (9,5%) Ly do ebo ty Id
dat tbd'p nhd't cua vung TDMNPB la vung cd dia
hinh chii yd'u la ddi nui tbd'p va nui cao gay khd
khan cho ngUdi dan di lai, sinh boat va san xud't,
ddi sd'ng vat chd't tinh thdn cua ngUdi ddn ndng
thdn cdn tha'p; ti Id bp ngheo cao, nha't Id vung
ddng bao dan tdc thieu so, viing sdu, vung xa; san
xua't ndng ngbidp nbd le, manh mun; kd't ed'u ha
tang kinh t e - xa hdi cdn khd khan
Thdi Nguydn, mdt dnh thudc ttung tdm chinh
tn, kinh td' cua khu Vidt Bae ndi rieng, cua viing
TDMNPB ndi chung, la cda ngd giao luu kinh te' xa
hdi gida vung Trung du mien nui vdi vung ddng
bang Bac Bd Thai Nguydn la tinb da trien khai
chUdng trinh XDNTM ngay td ra't sdm (nam 2010),
tinh dd'n bd't ndm 2017, toan tinh da cd 68 xa cd
quyd't dinh cdng nhan dat chuan; trong dd, ndm
2017 cd them 12 xa dat chuan (Sd NN&PTNTTN,
2018) Kd't qua eua tinb ddng gdp mdt phan tao
nen ty Id xa dat ndng thdn mdi cua vung
TDMNPB tbd'p nha't ttong cdc vung cua ca nddc
Do dd, can thie't phai ed nghidn edu danh gia
chddng trinh XDNTM, dac biet can ed danh gia
eua ngUdi ndng ddn, dd'i tUdng quan trpng eua
chUdng tiinh va cung la thanh phan chu ye'u sinh
sd'ng tai khu vdc ndng thdn (chid'm gdn 70%) VI
vay, nghidn edu "Cae nhan td' anh hddng dd'n kd't
qua danh gia cua ngddi dan vdi chddng trinh
XDNTM trdn dia ban tinh Thdi Nguydn" dddc thUe
hien nham khao sat kd't qua ddnh gia eua ngUdi
ddn ve chddng trinh XDNTM, ddng thdi xac dinh
cae yd'u td'dnh bddng dd'n kd't qua ddnh gid ndy, td
dd cd nhdng khuyd'n nghi nham gdp phan ndng cao
cha't Iddng chddng trinh XDNTM trdn dia ban tinh
Thai Nguydn ndi rieng vd gdp phan cdi thien kd't
qua XDNTM vung TDMNPB ndi chung
2 £>ac diem dia ban nghien ciiu
Thai Nguyen la tinh thupc trung tam vung
Trung du miln nui Ddng bdc; phia Bac tie'p gidp
vdi tinh Bae Kan, phia Tdy giap vdi cdc dnh VTnh
Phuc, Tuyen Quang, phia Ddng giap vdi cdc tmh
Lang Sdn, Bac Giang vd phia Nam tid'p giap vdi
tbu dd Ha Ndi (cdch 80 km); didn ticb tU nhidn
3.562,82 km^ Tinb Thai Nguyen ed 9 ddn vi hdnh
chinh gdm: 2 thanh phd' (Thdi Nguydn va Sdng
Cdng), I thi xa (Pho Ydn) va 6 huydn Id Phu Binh,
Dong Hy, Vo Nhai, Dinh Hda, Dai Td, Phu LUdng
Tong sd gdm 180 xa, ttong dd cd 125 xa vung cao
va mien nui, cdn lai la cae xa ddng bang vd trung
du Ddi sd'ng ngUdi ddn ndng tbSn cdn gap nhilu khd khan, phu thupc chu ye'u vao san xua't ndng ngbidp, thu nhap binh qudn eua ngUdi dan ndng thdn tha'p dat 26,2 ttidu ddng/ngudi/nam Thai Nguyen la mdt trong nhdng tinh di dau ttong phong trao XDNTM cua vung TDMNPB, cung la tinb cd ke't qua xay dUng NTM cao nha't cua vung, tinh dd'n thdi dilm nam 2018
Hinh 1: Vj tri tinh Thai Nguyen trong vung TDMNPB
Vdi sU tUdng ddng trong mdc sd'ng, dilu kidn
va tap qudn san xud't vdi cdc dnh khde thudc vdng TDMNPB, vide lUa ebon Thai Nguydn la dia ban nghien edu dam bdo dUdc tinh dai didn cho cae dia phddng khde trong vung Ddng thdi ke't qua nghidn edu d Thai Nguyen cd triin vpng md rdng cho cac tmbkhae trong vung, cung nhd mdt so dnh ed dilu kien san xua't tUdng ddng trong ca nUdc
3 Phddng phap nghien edu
3.1 PhUdng phdp thu thap solieu
3.1.1 Sd lieu sO cdp
Sd' lieu dddc sd dung trong nghien edu la sd lieu
sd ca'p dUde thu thap thdng qua khao sdt bdng hdi
De phan dnh dddc chinh xac cdc y kien cua ngddi dan, cudc phdng vd'n dinh tinb vdi 10 ngddi ddn da dddc tid'n hanh, treng sd' dd ed 2 cdn bd lanh dao thudc Sd Ndng nghidp va Phdt trien ndng thdn (NN&PTNT) va 8 ngddi dan sinh sdng tai khu vUe ndng thdn trdn dia ban linh Thai Nguyen, Ndi dung phdng vd'n vl y kid'n danh gia chddng trinb xdy dung ndng thdn, qua cupc khao sdt ndy, tac gia nhan tha'y cdc dd'i tUdng dIu danh gid d hai khia
Trang 3CAC NHAN TO ANH HlTCJNG
TCfl SlJ HAI LONG CUA NGUOfi DAN VE CHlJCfNG TRINH XAY Dl/NG NONG THON M 6 I
TREN DIA BAN TINH THAI NGUYEN
• HO CHI DIEN
TOM TAT:
Nghidn edu dUde thuc hidn nham xac dinh cdc yd'u td anh hddng den mdc dd bdi Idng cda ngddi ddn khu vdc ndng thdn dnh Thdi Nguyen De tilde hidn nghidn edu, 10 ngUdi dan va cdn bp khu vUc ndng thdn tinb Thai Nguydn dd dUpe phdng va'n dinh tinh cung vdi 300 ngUdi ddn da tham gia vdo qua trinh khao sat nay Dda tren phUdng phdp phan tich nhan to (EFA)
va phddng phap hdi quy tuyen tinh, nghidn edu da tim ra bang chdng tbdc ngbidm cho thd'y
cd su tac ddng ciia yd'u td' thu nhdp, trinh dp hpc vd'n, cbinh quyen tdi mdc dp hai long cua ngddi ddn Mdt so' khuyd'n nghi da dddc d l xua't trdn cd sd ke't qua nghien edu
Tuf khoa: Xdy ddng ndng thdn mdi, ddnh gid, ngUdi ddn, tinh Thai Nguydn,
1 Gidi thidu
Ndng ngbidp, ndng ddn, ndng thdn cd vj tri
chid'n lUdc ttong sU nghidp cdng nghidp hda, hidn
dai boa, xdy dUng va bdo vd to qud'c, Id cd sd va
ngudn lUc quan trong cho phdt triin kinh td' - xa
hdi Viet Nam, De phdt triin ddng bd ndng nghiep
ndng thdn, tdng budc nang cao ddi sd'ng vat cha't
tinh thin cua ngddi ndng dan Dang va Nha nddc
Viet Nam dd cd nhieu chu trddng, chinb sach quan
trpng trong dd cd ChUdng trinh muc tidu qud'c gia
ve xdy dUng ndng thdn mdi (XDNTM) Sau gan
10 nam thUc bidn (2010-2019), tinb dd'n cud'i ndm
2018, ca nude dd ed 3.420 xa chid'm 38,32% xd
dUdc cdng nhan dat tieu chud'n ndng thdn mdi, 53
ddn vi ca'p huyen thudc 27 tinh, thanh phd' ttdn ea
nddc dddc cdng nhdn dat chuan ndng thdn mdi
Chddng trinh XDNTM da dem lai nhilu thay ddi
rd net, cd ca'u kinh te' ndng thdn ed nhilu chuyen
dich tich cdc nganh nghe d ndng thdn phdt triin tddng dd'i da dang, ndng ngbidp - nganh kmb td' ebu yd'ucuakhuvUc ndng thdn dang chuyen manh sang san xud't bang hda, ke't cd'u ha tang phdt tridn manh, nbilu md binh phdt trien sdn xud't da tao ndn ddng lUc mdi cho phat triin kinh te' khu vdc ndng thdn Bdn canh dd, kd't qud XDNTM gida eac vung cdn cd sd chenh Idcb, nhieu ndi trien khai cdn mang tinb binh tbdc, tbUc hien de la'y thanh tich, ehUa cd cac hoat ddng mang tinb kie'n tao, chua khai tbdc dUpc hd't tilm nang the' manh cua khu vdc ndng thdn, thu nhap, ddi sd'ng eua cac vung ndng thdn cdn tbd'p Tbeo bao cao ke't qua tdng dieu tra cua Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn (nam 2017) eho tha'y, ty le xa dat chuan ndng thdn mdi ed sd khde bidt Idn gida cdc vimg trong ca nUdc, vung Ddng Nam bd dat cao nha't (47%), ga'p gan 5 lan ty le cua vung dat tbd'p nha't
Trang 4la TDMNPB (TDMNPB) (9,5%) Ly do cho ty Id
dat tha'p nba't cua vung TDMNPB la vung ed dia
hlnb chu yd'u Id ddi ndi thd'p va nui cao gdy khd
khan cho ngddi ddn di lai, sinh boat va san xua't,
ddi sd'ng vat cha't tinh than cua ngddi ddn ndng
thdn cdn tbd'p; ti le bp ngheo cao, nha't la vung
ddng bao dan tdc thieu sd', vung sdu, vung xa; san
xua't ndng nghiep nho le, manh mdn; ket cd'u ha
tang kinh te'- xa bdi cdn khd khan
Thai Nguydn, mdt tinh thupc trung tdm cbinh
tri, kinh td'cua khu Viet Bac ndi ridng, cua vung
TDMNPB ndi chung Id eda ngo giao Idu kinh td' xa
hdi gida vung Trung du mien nui vdi vung ddng
bang Bac Bp Thai Nguyen la tinh da ttien khai
chddng trinh XDNTM ngay tdrd't sdm (nam 2010),
tinb dd'n bd't nam 2017, toan tinh da cd 68 xa cd
quye't dinh cdng nhdn dat chuan; trong dd, nam
2017 ed thdm 12 xd dat chudn (Sd NN&PTNTTN,
2018) Kd't qua cua dnh ddng gdp mdt phan tao
nen ty le xa dat ndng thdn mdi eua vung
TDMNPB thd'p nba't trong eac vung eua ca nUdc
Do do, can thid't phai cd nghidn edu ddnh gid
chddng trinh XDNTM, dac bidt can ed danh gia
eua ngUdi ndng dan, ddi tddng quan trpng cua
chddng trinh va cung la thanh phan ebu yd'u sinh
sd'ng lai khu vUe ndng thdn (chie'm gan 70%) VI
vay, nghidn edu "Cac nhdn to' anh hddng dd'n kd't
qua danh gid eua ngddi ddn vdi chUdng trinh
XDNTM trdn dia ban dnh Thai Nguydn" dUdc thiic
hien nham khao sat ke't qua ddnh gia cua ngddi
ddn vl chddng trinb XDNTM, ddng thdi xdc dinb
cac yd'u td' anb hUdng ddn kd't qua danh gia nay, td
do cd nhdng khuyen nghi nham gdp phan ndng cao
chd't Iddng cbUdng trinh XDNTM trdn dia bdn tinb
Thai Nguydn ndi ridng va gdp phan eai tbien kd't
qua XDNTM vung TDMNPB ndi chung
2 D^c didm dja ban nghien cvtu
Thai Nguydn la tinh thupc trung tdm vung
Trung du mien nui Ddng bae; phia Bae tid'p giap
vdi tinb Bae Kan, phia Tdy gidp vdi cdc tinh VTnh
Phdc, Tuyen Quang, phia Ddng gidp vdi cae dnh
Lang Sdn, Bac Giang vd phia Nam tid'p gidp vdi
thu dd Hd Ndi (each 80 km); didn ticb tU nbidn
3.562,82 km^ Tinh Thai Nguyen cd 9 ddn vi banh
cbinh gdm: 2 thanb phd' (Thai Nguydn vd Sdng
Cdng), 1 thi xa (Pbd Yen) va 6 huydn Id Pbu Binh,
Ddng Hy, Vo Nhai, Dinh Hda, Dai Td, Pbu Lddng
Tdng sdgdm 180 xa, trong dd cd 125 xa vung cao
vd miln nui, cdn lai la cdc xa dong bang va ttung
du Ddi sd'ng ngddi dan ndng thdn cdn gap nhieu khd khan, pbu thudc ebd ye'u vao sdn xud't ndng ngbidp, thu nhap binh quan eua ngUdi dan ndng thdn tha'p dat 26,2 tridu ddng/ngudl/ndm Thai Nguyen la mot ttong nhdng tmh di dau trong phong ttdo XDNTM cua vung TDMNPB, cung la tinb cd kd't qua xdy ddng NTM cao nba't cua vung, tinb dd'n thdi diem nam 2018
Hinh 1: Vi tri tinh Thdi Nguyen trong vung TDMNPB
Vdi sU tUdng ding trong mdc sdng, dilu kidn
vd tdp quan san xua't vdi cac tinb khac thupc vung TDMNPB, vide Ida chon Thdi Nguydn la dia ban
nghidn edu ddm bao d\i6c tinh dai dien cho cdc dia
phUdng khde trdng vung Dong thdi kd't qua nghien edu d Thai Nguyen cd triin vpng md rpng cho cdc tinh khac trong viing, cung nhd mdt sd' tinh ed didu kidn san xud't tddng ddng trong ca nUdc
3 Phiftfng phap nghien edu
3.1 Phddng phdp thu thap solieu 3.1.1 Sd lieu sa cdp
So lidu dUdcsd dung ttong nghien edu la sd'hdu
sd ca'p dddc tbu thdp thdng qua khao sal bang hdi
De phan anh dddc chinh xac cdc y kie'n eua ngddi dan, cudc phong va'n dinb tinh vdl 10 ngddi ddn da dUdc tie'n hanh, treng sd dd cd 2 can bd lanh dao thupc Sd Ndng ngbidp vd Phdt triin ndng thdn (NN&PTNT) va 8 ngUdi ddn sinh sd'ng tai khu vUc ndng thdn trdn dia ban tinb Thdi Nguydn Ndi dung phong va'n vl y kid'n ddnh gia cbUdng tnnh xdy dung ndng thdn, qua cudc khao sat nay, tac gia nhdn tha'y cdc dd'i tUdng dIu ddnh gid d bai khia
Trang 5canh: sd quan tdm va triin khai eua chinh quyen,
kd't qua chUdng trinb XDNTM (kd't qua ve cd sd
vat cha't eac cdng trinh phuc vu ddi sd'ng ngddi ddn
(trddng hpc, bdu didn ), kd't qua ve cd sd ba tang
phuc vu smh boat vd san xua't ndng ngbidp cua
ngddi dan (didn, dudng, thuy ldi), ke't qua vl van
hda-y td'-giao due, ke't qua cdng tac quy hoach,
Dda vao cac thdng tin dinh tinh ndy, tac gia tien
hanb xdy ddng phid'u edu hdi phuc vu cupc khao
sdt la'y y kid'n ddnh gia eua ngUdi ddn vdl chddng
trmh XDNTM
Mot cudc dilu tra khao sat da dUdc tie'n hanh
nhdm la'y y kid'n ngUdi dan khu vdc ndng thdn
tinb Thai Nguyen ve chddng trinb XDNTM cua
tinb Quy md mdu dUde xdc dinh tbeo cdng thdc
eua Hair&Ctg (1998) Theo Hair&Ctg (1998), d l
sd dung phUdng phap phan tich nhdn td', kich
thudc mdu td'i thilu Id 50, td't bdn Id 100 vd ty Id
quan sat/bid'n dd lUdng la 5/1, nghia la mdt bie'n
do ludng can td'i thilu la 5 quan sat D l phuc vu
cho nghidn edu nay, tdc gid da tie'n bdnh didu tra
300 ngUdi dan sinh sd'ng tai khu vUc ndng thdn
dnh Thai Nguyen Thdng tin thu thap dam bao
dddc yeu cau vl dung lUdng mdu eho md binh
nghidn edu
3.1.2 Solieu thd cdp
De cung cd'p day du bdn vl bd'i canh, ke't qua
XDNTM cua tinb Thai Nguydn, nghidn edu sd
dung cac thdng tin thd cd'p td nien giam thd'ng kd
tinh, cdc bdo cdo eua Sd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien
Ndng thdn Thai Nguydn, Bd Ndng nghidp va Phdt
ttien Ndng thdn Viet Nam,
3.2 PhUdng phdp phdn tich dUlieu
3.2.1 Phucfng phdp phdn tieh nhdn to'
Tbue bidn nghien edu danh gid chUdng trinh
XDNTM qua ddnh gid cua ngddi dan khu vUc ndng
thdn tinh Thdi Nguydn, tdc gia sd dung pbUdng
phap phdn tich nhan to' EFA d l danh gid dd tin cay
eua thang do thdng qua kiem dinb be sd'Cronbaeb's
Alpha, kilm dinh sU phu hdp cua pbUdng phdp EFA
qua kiem dinh tddng quan cua cac bid'n quan sdt
(kiem dmh KMO va Barttiet's), kilm dinb mdc do
giai thich eua cdc bid'n quan sdt trong md hinh va
tbUc hien phep quay (rotattion) de nhdm cdc cbi
bdo thanh cae nhdm nhdn to nghidn edu
3.2.2 Phuang phdp phdn tich hoi quy
Sau khi phan tich nhdn to' dd kiem dinh dp tin
cay, sd phu hdp, mdc dp giai thich cua cdc nhdn td
trong md hinh, nghien edu tid'p tuc sd dung phddng phap hdi quy tuyd'n tinh de nham ddc Iddng dnh hudng cua eac nhdn td' tdi sU danh gid (mdc dp hai Idng) eua ngUdi dan
Md hinh ed dang:
Y = Po + P|Xi + P2X2 + ^3X3,+ PnX„ + ej
Trong dd Y Id bid'n pbu thudc, phu thudc vdo
cdc loai bid'n X,, Xj, X3 Xn
Trong md hinh nay, bid'n Y la bie'n the hidn kd't qua ddnh gid chUdng trinb XDNTM thdng qua do ludng mdc dp bdi Idng cua ngUdi ddn ve chUdng trinh XDNTM
Cac bid'n X], X2 X3 X2 la cdc bie'n ddc Idp tac dec dd'n bid'n phu thudc, la nguyen nhan gay ddn de'n kd't qua la tae ddng dd'n bid'n Y
He so' Po la tung dp gd'c cua md hinh, he so p,, p2, P3 an dUdc xac dinh qua md hinh Udc Iddng,
nd phan anh mdc dp tdc ddng cua cdc ye'u to de'n bid'n y,
3.2.3 Phuang phdp phdn tich tdng hgp - so sanh
PhUdng phap nay dUde sd dung trong bai viet nham danh gia y kid'n eua ngUdi dan vl cdc khia canh dUdc hdi tren cd sd cdc nhdn td' da dddc xdc dinh td phddng phdp phdn ticb nhdn td' Kd't qua vl mdc dd anh bddng eua ede yd'u td' nay tdi sd hai Idng cua ngUdi ddn va mdc dp ddng y cua cac nhan td' se la bang chdng tbue ngbidm, de td dd tac gia
dl xud't mdt sd giai phap day manh chddng trinh XDNTM ttdn dia ban tinb Thai Nguyen ndi rieng, vijng TDMNOB ndi chung
3.3 Bien ngliien ciiu
Md hlnb nghidn edu ed dang:
Y = p„ + P,X, + P,X2 + ^3X3,+ P„X„ + e, ^ Trong dd: Y la bid'n hdi Idng (Hailong) cua ngUdi dan ve chUdng trinh XDNTM trdn dia ban tinh Thdi Nguyen va pbu thupc vdo cae bid'n ddc lap: X|, X2, Xj-.-Xj,, idnluptld cdc bid'n luoi, gidi tinb, tbu nhap, hpc va'n, cbinh quyen, ed sd vat cha't, cd sd ha tang, van hda y td' giao due, quy hoach Cac bie'n dUdc dinh nghTa cu the trong
B a n g l
4 Kd't qua nghidn ctfu
4.1 Ket qud ddnh gid chUOiig trinh XDNTM cda ngUdi ddn Ichu vUc nong thdn tren dia bdn tinh Tlidi Nguyen
Sau 10 nam trien khai, chUdng trinh XDNTM
da dem lai nhieu kd't qua, cung la khodng thdi gian
du ddi d l cbUdng trinb bdc Id cdc nbUde diem hay
Trang 6Bang 1 Djnh nghia bien SLT dung trong nghien cCfu
Dinh nghTa
Haliong Ket qua danh gia chUdng trinh XDNTM dUOc do ludng mile dd hai Idng ciia ngudi dan vdl chUdng trinh xay dung NTM, sd dung thang do likert
1 neu gidi tinh la Nam, bang 0 neu gidi tinh la nd
Tudi cua ngudi tham gia phdng van, bang 1 neu tren 40 tuoi, bang 0 neu td 40 tuoi trd xud'ng Trinh dp hoc van cua ngudi dupc phdng van, bang 1 neu ngUdI dupc phdng van ed bang trung cap !rd len, bang 0 neu khong cd bang cap
Thu nhap Thu nhap ciia ngudi dupc phdng van, bang 0 neu dudi 5 tneu, I
15 trieu trd len
31 neu td 5-15 trieu, bang 2 neu td
Danh gia cua ngUdi dan ve ket qua cdng tac quy hoach, dupc do ludng bang thang do likert Danh gia cua ngudi dan ve ket qua co sd ha tang, dupc do ludng bang thang do likert
Danh gia cija ngUdI dan ve cd sd vat chat, dUOc do ludng bang thang do likert
Danh gia ci!ia ngudi dan v l van hda- y te - giao due, dupc do ludng bang thang do iiicert
Danh gia cua ngudi dan ve nang luc, trach nhiem va sd quan tam cua can bp chinh quyen
Nguon: Tdc gid xdy dUng
phat buy hieu qua va ngUdi ddn cung du thdi gian
chiem nghiem d l dUa ra cdc ddnh gid cbinb xdc, ed
dp tin cay cao ve cha't Iddng chddng trinh
De thdc Men Id'y y kid'n ngUdi ddn, mdt cudc
dieu tra da dupe tid'n hanh vdi 300 ngUdi ddn sinh
sdng d khu vdc ndng thdn tinh Thdi Nguydn, trong
do cd 62% ngudi dUdc bdi la nam gidi, 54% cd dp
tudi trdn 40 va 65% cd bang trung cd'p trd Idn
Khao sat la'y y kid'n ngddi ddn vdi 5 mdc: rat hai
long, hdi Idng, binh thddng, khdng hai long va rd't
khdng hai Idng, ke't qua tim dddc the bidn trong
Bang 2,
Bang 2 Danh gid c u a ngt/di d d n ve
ChUdng trinh tql tmh Ttidl Nguyen
MOc (]$ hai long
1 Rat khong hai long
2 Khong hai long
3 Binh thudng
4 Hai long
5 Rat hai iong
So ngiidi lira chpn
0
2
130
151
17
TyiS(%)
0 0,7 43,33 50,33 5,7
Nguon: Tinh todn khao sdt cua tdc gid
Kd't qua ttong Bdng 2 eho tbd'y, ty le cao nhd't thupc v l y kid'n danh gid cha't lUdng chUdng trinh ndng thdn mdi la binh thudng vdi 50,33% sd'ngudi danh gia, ddng thd 2 la 43,33% sd' ngddi ddnh gid
hai long vdi ebUdng trinh XDNTM, ddng d vi tri thd
3 la ra't hai long vdi 5,7% sd ngUdi danh gia, ddng thd 4 la danh gia klidng hai long vdi ty Id 0,7% va khdng cd ai la rd't khdng hdi long vdi chddng trinh
Td ke't qua cd 56,03% sd' ngUdi dUdc hdi la cam thd'y bai Idng hoac rd't hai long, nhu vdy cbUdng trinb XDNTM cung da bdc Id hieu qud, phan nao dem lai chat lddng cudc sdng ebo ngUdi dan, bddc dau da nhdn dUdc sd hdi long id phia ngUdi dan Con so'43,33 % sd'ngUdi danh gid hlnb thddng eho tbd'y eon mot bd phan khdng nho ngUdi dan cho rang chddng ttinh XDNTM chua tbdc sd phdt huy he't dddc vai trd cung nhd y nghia cua cbUdng tiinb
Ty Id chUa hai Idng ehi chie'm 0,7%, la mdt ty Id nbd, nhdng ciing vdi ly le chua tbdc sU hdi Idng Id 43,33% thi day la cdn sd khdng h i nhd can pbai ed eac bidn phdp khac phuc tinh trang tren,
4.2 Ket qud EFA
4.2.J Ket qud kiem dinh thang do vdi he sd Cronbach's Alpha
De tbdc bien nghidn edu ndy, thdng qua phdng van dinh tinh, tdc gia nhdn tha'y ngoai dac diem
Trang 7cua ngudi dddc phdng va'n, mdt sd' cdc nhdn td'
khac cd the cd anb hudng dd'n sU hai long eua
ngudi dan nhd trdch nhiem va sU quan tdm cua
chinh quyen (CQ), ke't qua cd sd vat chd't (CSVC),
ke't qua cdng lac quy hoach (QH), kd't qua trong
vdn hda - y t l - gido due (VYG), kd't qua vl cd sd
ha lang (CSHT), 5 nhdn td nay dddc do lddng bang
35 chi bao (items) dupe tac gia xdy dUng dUa trdn
nghidn edu dinh tinh Bi kilm dinh dp tm cay cua
cdc thang do nay, kiem dmh Cronbach's Alpha da
dUde thuc hien Sau kbi kiem dinb, cd 34 ehi bao
dat dilu kidn dupe sddung de phan dnh cdc nhdn
td'va he sd'Cronbaeb's alpha cho nhdn td'dUdc the
hidn d Bang 3 Kd't qua cho tbd'y he sd' Alpha eua
cdc nhdn to tdng deu Idn bdn 0,6 dddc xem Id chap
nhdn dddc va thich hdp de dda vao phdn tich
nhdng bUde tid'p tbeo
Bdng 3 Kiem djnh he so Cronbach's Alpho
STT
1
2
3
4
5
Nhan to tong
Trach nhiem va SLf quan tam
cua chinh quyen
Ket qua co sci vat chat
Ket qua cong tac quy hoach
Ket qua trong van hoa - y te
- giao dye
Ket qua cd sd ha tang
Kfhiiu
CQ CSVC
QH VYG CSHT
Alpha
0.952 0.891 0.954 0.902 0.979
Nguon: Tinh todn eua tdc gid vdi sif trg giiip
cua phdn mem SPSS 22 4.2.2 Kit kiem dinh suphii hgp cua mo hinh
De kiem dinh sU pbu hpp cua phUdng phap
EFA cho md binh, kiem dinh he sd' KMO va
Barriell's da dddc thuc bidn Kd't qua kiem dinh
nhu sau:
Bang 4 Ket qud kiem djnh KMO vd Bartlett's
Kiem dinh
Kaiser-Meyer^Okin (KIVIO)
Bartlett's Approx Chi-Square
Sig
Giatn
0,938 14682,645 0,000
Ngudn: Tong hap cua tdc gid
KMO: 0,938 > 0,5: Phan tich nhdn td phii hdp vdi dd lieu nghidn edu
Ket qua kiem djnh Bariett's la 14682.645 vdi mdc y nghia Sig = 0.000 < 0.05: dd lieu phdn tich nhan td' Id hodn tean phu hdp
4.2.3 Ket qud xoay nhdn to
Sau kbi cac chi bao dupe kiem dinh v l dp tin cay va sU pbu hdp, dam bao de tbdc hien phdn tich nhdn td', nghidn edu tid'p tuc ibUc bidn nbdm nhdn
td thdng qua phep quay ma Iran Kd't qua cho thd'y cdc ebi bao da hdi tu vdo hd'n nhdn td' quy hoach (QH), cd sd ha tdng (CSHT), ed sd vat chd't (CSVC), vdn hda y td' giao due (VYG) va cbinh quyen (CQ)
Dua trdn he sd' tai cua eac thang do trong bdng quay ma tran, gid tri cua eac nhan td' dddc xdc dinh nhu sau:
QH = 0, 59.QH1+ 0,571.QH2 + 0,633.QH3 + 0,656.QH4 + 0,631.QH5 CSHT = 0,783,CSHT1 + 0,843.CSHT2 + 0,849.CSHT3 + 0,836 CSHT4 + 0,775.CSHT5
CSVC = 0,746 CSVC1+ 0,769.CSVC2 + 0,786.CSVC3 + a,786CSVC4 + 0,798.CSVC5 + 0,798.CSVC6 +0,781.CSVC7 + 0,790.CSVC8 + 0,792.CSVC9
VYG = 0,879.VYG1 + 0,900.VYG2 + 0,875.VYG3+ 0,875.VYG4 + 0,889.VYG5
CQ = 0,781.CQ6 + 0,823.CQ7 + 0,832.CQ8 + 0,858.CQ9 + 0,821.CQ1 + 0,861,CQ2 + 0,831.CQ3+0,827,CQ4 +0,854.CQ5 +0,844.CQ10
4.3 Kit qud hoi quy
Dd lieu dieu tra sau khi da lam sach, EFA, dddc dUa vao md hlnb bdi quy tuyen tinh dd ddc lddng mdc dp anh hudng cua cac yd'u to dd'n sd hdi Idng cua ngUdi dan khu vdc ndng thdn tren dia bdn dnh Thai Nguyen
Ke't qua Udc lUdng mdc do giai thich eua md hlnb, R' bidu cbinh =0.771 cho tbd'y 77,1% sU tbay ddi cua bie'n pbu thudc (bid'n bdi long) dddc giai thich bdi sU tbay dd'i eua bid'n ddc lap trong md binh, Kd't qua kilm dinh gia thuyd't vl dd phu hdp vdi tdng tbi cua md binb, gid tri F=202.525 vdi sig^O.OOO <5%, md hlnb bdi quy tuye'n tinb xdy ddng dddc la phu hpp vdi long the
Trang 8Kd't qud trong Bang 5 cho tbay cac bie'n ddc
Idp khdng ed bidn tUdng tddng quan chat hay da
cdng tuyd'n bdi be sd'VIF< 10 Do vay, cae bid'n
du dieu kien de ddnh gid tac ddng ldi mdc dp
hai long cua ngddi dan, Dong thdi, ke't qua trong
bang cijng ehi ra, mdc do hai Idng eua ngUdi dan
chiu tac ddng cd y nghTa tbd'ng ke cua cae bie'n
la bie'n: Thunhap, hocvan, QH, CSHT, CSVC,
CSHT, VYG, CQ Ye'u to gidi tinb, dp tuoi
khdng cd tac ddng cd y nghTa thd'ng ke tdi bid'n
hai long
cdng khat khe hdn ttong viec danh gid va mdc hdi Idng cung giam di
Trinh dp hpc va'n (Hocvan) eua ngddi dan lai
cd dnh bddng ticb cdc tdi mdc dd hai long, d mdc
y nghia thd'ng ke 95%, hpc va'n cua ngUdi dan dUdc tdng Idn 1 bdc, thi sU hai Idng vl chUdng trinb xay dUng ndng thdn lai cang cao Dilu nay ebo thay, cang ed trinh do hpc va'n cao, cdng hieu
rd ve ndi dung, y nghTa ciia chUdng trinh cung nbU cdc vd'n dl gap phai kbi triin khai chUdng trinh xay ddng ndng thdn cua cbinh quyen, chinh vl Bdng 5 Ket qud hdi quy
Mo hinh
1
(Constant)
QH
CSHT
CSVC
VYG
CQ
Tuoi
Gioitinh
Thunhap
Hocvan
H6 so hoi quy
Idiong chuan hoa
B
.036
.152
.152
.321
.081
.248
.001
-.028
-.049
.046
DQ i$ch chuan
.221 034
.036 038 024 033
.017
.035 020 022
H$ so hoi quy chuan hoa Beta
.198 124 355 097 327 002 -.022 -.069
057
T
163 4.423 4.266 8.344
3 317 7.608 059 -.784 -2.445 2.067
Sig
.870 000 000 000 001 000 953 434 016 040
Thong i^e da cOng tuy^n
D$ chsTp nh3n cija bien
.372 878 413 874 404
805 958 936 986
VIF
1.689
1 139 1.420 1.145
1473 1.242 1.044 1.069 1.014
Nguon: Tinh todn cua tdc gid vdi sU tra giup cua phan mem SPSS 22
Thu nhap (Thunhap) dddc tim tha'y la ed anb
hddng ed y nghTa thd'ng ke tdi mdc dp hdi long
cua ngUdi dan khu vUe ndng thdn tinh Thai
Nguydn vl chUdng trinh XDNTM Kd't qua cho
tha'y tai mdc y nghia 95%, nd'u thu nhdp cua
ngUdi ddn tdng Idn 1 ddn vi, mdc dd hai Idng v l
chddng trinh giam di 0,069 ddn vi, Dieu nay ed
the dddc giai thich la ngddi dan cang cd tbu nhap
cao, thi ydu cau ve cha't lddng cudc sd'ng, ed sd
vat chd't, hd sinh thdi mdi trddng cang cad, vi vdy
vdy mdc dp cam thdng cung cao hdn va mdc dd hai Idng ciing Idn hdn,
Nhan td quy hoach (QH), ddnh gid ve cdng tdc quy hoach cung gdp phan tao len sd hdi long cua ngddi dan, khi cdng tdc quy hoach tang chd't lUdng len 1 ddn vi, mdc do hai long cua ngddi ddn cung tang 0,198 ddn vi vdi mdc y nghia tbd'ng kd 99%, Nhdn to cd sd ha tang (CSHT), kd't qua xdy ddng cd sd ha tang cang dap dng dddc nhu eau di lai, san xud't cua ngddi ddn thi mdc dd bai Idng
Trang 9cdng tang, cu tbi la vdi mdc ^ ngbia tbd'ng kd
99%, chd't lupng CSHT tdng Idn 1 ddn vi, mdc dp
bai long cua ngddi dan tang 0,124 ddn vi
Nhdn to cd sd vat chd't (CSVC), cha't lddng, sd
lddng cae ed sd vat cha't dat chuan cang cad tbi
mdc dp hai Idng cua ngUdi dan cang cao vd trong
nghidn edu nay ye'u td' ed sd vdl ebd't cd tac ddng
Idn nha't tdi mdc dp hai Idng cua ngUdi ddn, vdi
he sd' be ta la 0,327 tai mdc y nghTa tbd'ng
kd 99%
Nhdn td' chinh quyln la ye'u td' cd dnh budng
Idn thd hai tdi ke't qud hai long cua ngddi dan vdi
he sd' be ta Id 0,327, cbinb quyln boat ddng td't,
cd trdch nhiem, thdn thien gan gui ngUdi ddn thi
mdc dp hai Idng vdi chddng trinb cdng cao
Nhan td'ke't qud van hda, y te', gido due cang
dUde eai thien thi cang 1dm eho ngUdi dan bai
Idng vdi cbUdng trinh Mdc dp cdi tbidnetia nbdm
van hda, y te' gido due Idn 1 ddn vj tbi mdc hai
long tang ddn vi
Dua trdn kd't qua hdi quy, pbUdng trinb the
bien mdc dp bai idng cua ngddi ddn khu vUc ndng
thdn tien dia ban tinb Thai Nguyen dUde xdc dinb
nhu sau:
Hailong = 0,198.QH + 0,124,CSHT
+ 0,355.CSVC + 0,097 VYG + 0.327.CQ
- 0,069.Tbunhap + 0,057.Hocvan
Trong dd, kd't qua khao sdt cac mdc ddnh gid
eua ngddi ddn nhu ve ebinb quyen cd gia tri thd'p
nha't d mdc 3,39 diem, tid'p dd'n Id hai nhan td'quy
hoach va cd sd vat chd't gido due la 3,62 dilm,
kd't qua ddnh gia cua ngddi dan ve mdc dp cai
thidn van hda, y te', gido due la 3,9 diem va ye'u
td'cdsd ba tang Id 4,1 dilm chid'm vi tri cao nhd't
trong ddnh gid cua ngddi ddn Ke't qud nay cho
tha'y cac mdc ddnh gia cua ngddi dan cdn tha'p
vl cdc lieu ehi nay, dac bidt la danh gia vl thdi
dp, trdch nbidm, nang !uc cua can bd
cbinb quyln
5 Ke't luSn va khuyd'n nghi
XDNTM muc tidu vl sU phdt trien cua ndng
thdn ndi chung, vl muc tieu cdi thidn ddi sd'ng cho
ngudi ddn khu vUe ndng thdn ndi ridng, vl vay
nghien edu ddnh gia eua ngUdi ddn khu vUe ndng
thdn ve chUdng trinh XDNTM id can thie't,
PhUdng phap phan tich nhdn td' de xac dinh va
kiem dinh cdc nhdn td' cd kba nang anb hddng
dd'n mdc dd bdi Idng eua ngddi ddn vd phddng phdp hdi quy tuyd'n tinh d l xac dinb mdc dd anh hddng cua cdc nhdn td' de'n cam nhdn nay eua ngudi dan dUdc sd dung trong nghidn edu nay Kd't qua Udc lUdng td md hlnb cho tha'y, ke't qua
sU hai long cua ngUdi dan chiu dnh bddng bdi yeu td'gidi tinh, trinh dp giao due va sdeam nhdn eua ngddi dan ve ke't qua cdng tac quy hoach, ve cd
sd ha tang, ket qud xay dUng cd sd vat ebd't, kd't qua v l van hda y Id' giao due va ddnh gia ve cbinb quyln trong tbUe hidn trien khai cdng lac XDNTM
Kd't qua Id nghien edu nay da cbi ra can phai ed nhdng thay doi trong cdng tdc XDNTM hien nay
Ndng cao trdch nhiem, ndng luc, thdi do phuc
vu cua cdn bd ehinh quyin cdc cdp trong trien khai chuong trinh XDNTM Kd't qua ddnh gia ve
boat ddng eua chinh quyln d mdc 3,39 diem cho tha'y ngddi ddn chUa tilde sd hdi long vdi sd the hien cua can bd cbinh quyln Nbilu ndi, tinh trang triin khai XDNTM cdn mang tinh hinh tbdc, cdn bd chda thuc sd di sdu di sdt vdi chddng trinh Nhieu thdng tin chua dd'n hoac cdn map md khdng rd rang vdi ngUdi ddn, vi vdy van cdn tinh trang ngddi dan md't nilm tin vdi cdn bd cbinh quyen
Cdng tdc quy hoach cdn gdn vdi muc tieuphdt trien kinh te xd hoi mot cdch ben vCtng dong thdi cdn Idy ^ kii'n ngUdi ddn trong cong tdc quy hoach XDNTM Hidn nay tinh trang quy hoach chi cdn
bd mdi bie't, ngUdi dan khdng nam dddc va it dddc Id'y y kie'n didn ra hd't sdc pho bid'n, Nhieu
du an xdy dUng khu dd tbi Id'y dd't cua dan, khdng
cd boat ddng la'y y kid'n irudc khi xay ddng dd
an, anh budng Idn de'n sinh ke cuangUdiddndac biet Id ngUdi ndng dan, khid'n ddi sd'ng ngddi ndng dan bd'p bdnh md't dd't, md't nghe, da't ndng nghiep dddc sd dung eho cdc muc dich cdng nghidp va do thi khid'n ebo mdi trudng sd'ng khu
v\ic ndng thdn ngay cang bi suy tbodi Ifu tiin ddu tuxdy dung trudng hoc, ca sdy te
d l phuc vu nhu edu eho ngUdi dan khu vdc ndng thdn, dac bidt la khu vUc miln nui viing sdu vung
xa di lai cdn gap nbilu khd khan, ty Id mu chd va tdi mu chd cao, nhu eau kham chda bdnh Idn nhung cd sd y te it vd phdn bd' xa ndi sinh boat eua ngddi ddn •
Trang 10TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
/ Bd Nong nghiSp vd Phdt trien nong than (2017), 'Bdo cdo ket qud tong dieu tra nong nghiep vd thiiy sdn ndm
2016', Nhd xud't bdn Thd'ng ke
2 Hair &ctg (1998), Multivariate Data Analysis, Prennce-Hall International, Inc
Sd Nong nghiep vd Phdt trien nong thdn (201S), 'Bdo cdo ke't qud thuc hien chuong trinh MTQG XDNTM 02 nam (2016-2017) vd ke hoach ihUc hien 03 ndm (2018-2020) vd nam 2018
Ngay nhan bai: 5/2/2019
Ngay phan bien danh gia va su'a chu'a: 15/2/2019
Ngay chap nh§n dang bai: 25/2/2019
Thong tin tdc gid:
NCS HO CHI DIEN
Cdng tyCP Ngan Stfn
FACTORS IMPACTING THE SATISFACTION
OF PEOPLE ABOUT THE N E W RURAL DEVELOPMENT
IN THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE
• Ph,D student HO CHI DIEN
Ngan Son Joint Stock Company
ABSTRACT:
The study is lo identify factors affecting the satisfaction level of people living in rural areas of Thai Nguyen Province Ten people and staff hving in rural areas of Thai Nguyen Province v/ere interviewed with the quaUtative method and 300 other people were surveyed By using exploratory factors analysis method and linear regression method, the study finds empirical evidences that demonstrate the impact of some factors, such as income, education level and government on the satisfaction of people about the new rural development program This study also proposes a number of recommendations related to this issue according to the smdy' s results
Keywords: New rural development, evaluation, people Thai Nguyen Province