Ki thda, phit tri^n sing tgo quan di^m vi vin d^ din tdc v i ehinh sich d i n tOc eda chu nghia Mic — Lgnin, Chii tch Hd Chi Minh d i dua ra nhdng quan di^m, phuong hudng chi dgo cdng t
Trang 1NGHIEN c u u
Chinh sach dan tdc v^ viec thuc hi^n chinh sach dan tdc
tren dia ban tinh Thua Thien - Hu^
HdlW'niuHuoog
Khoa Ly lu^n co so, Thiong Chmh trt Unh ThiH Thien - Hu^
d Thda Thien - Hui, ddng tjio c i c d i n Idc Uii^u s6 chu y^u sinh sdng d vung nui ciia 2 huy^n Nam Ddng, A
Ludi v i mOt sd x i d Thj x i Huong Tri, e i c huy^n Phong Bi^n, Phii Ldc Oiy li nhung vdng luy cd nhi^u U^m ning ve phit Ui^n kinh 1^, nhung e i c di^u ki$n hr nhiftn, x i hdi cdn nhi^u khd khin Vdi nhi^u ehfnh sich h6 trgr cua Tmng uong v i Tinh, nhung nim gin diy d i cd nhi^u chuong Uinh, du i n Idng ghdp d i u tu cho c i c d(a phuong Tuy ed ril nhi^u ngudn li/c dupe lip trung d i u hr eho mi^n nui, viing d i n tdc thi^u sd', nhung tdc dO phit tri^n kinh t^ • x i hdi d c i c vung niy vin chim hon so mit bing chung cda c i nude Ddi sdng da sd b i con ddng b i o vin edn nhi^u khd Idiin, thu nhip thip sinh k^ thi^u b^n vdng
1 Quan aiem ciia chu n^liia Mac • Lenin, tu hnrng
Ho Chi Mtnh ve chinh sack dan tfc
Chinh sieh d i n tdc l i mdt hi thdng nhung quan
di^m chinh sich cua mdt giai cip, dai di^n li chinh
ding v i nhi nude d^ giii quy^t vin d^ din tdc v i mdi
quan hi gida c i c d i n tOc Ufin mpi llnh vyc cua ddi
sdng x i hpi
Theo quan di^m ciia ehu nghJa Mie - L6nin, vin d^
din tOc li mdt bd phin ciia nhung vin d^ ehung v^
quv^t vin d^ d i n tOc phii gin vdi cieh m^ng vd s i n
vi tiin CO sd cua cieh m ^ g x i hOi chii nghia Chu
nghia Mic - Lfinin cung nhin m^nh ring, khi xem xit
vi giii quy^t vin d^ d i n lOc phii dung vung u&n lip
trudng giai c i p cdng nhin Di^u dd cung cd r^hia li
vi$c xem xet v i giii quy^l vin d^ din tOc phii U^n co
sd v i vi Ipi ich eo bin, liu dii ciia din tdc
Chu nghia Mic - Lenin d i dua ra nhung ly luin
chung nhit v^ vin d^ din tdc, quan he d i n tOc v i c i c
nguygn t i c thuc hign vin d^ d i n tpc, diy ehinh l i co
sd ly luin d^ hinh thinh ndi dung c i c ehinh sich d i n
Idc d e i e qudc gia trong q u i Uinh d i u Uanh v i xiy
dpng eh^ dp x i hdi chu nghia
Thu nhit, di^u kign tiin quyit di e i e qudc gia da
d i n tdc cd th^ thuc hign chinh sieh din tdc dam b i o
edng t)ing \ i binh ding chinh la chfnh quy^n phai
thudc vi giai c i p cdng nhin v i nhin d i n lao d0ng
Thu hai, nguyen tie col ldi cua chinh sich d i n Idc
li: "Cic d i n Idc hoin toin binh ding; c i c d i n tdc
dupe quy^n tu quyet, lign hpp edng nhin tit ca c i c
din tdc 1^"
Thu ba, mue tieu d^ cac qudc gia d^ ra ciiinh sach
din tdc phii gin vdi d i m b i o quy^n eon ngudi
Thd tu, thpe chit cua chfnh sich d i n tdc l i lim
cho cic d i n Idc vi mit thpe liin dupe khing d|nh v i
vuon Ign phit Iri^n v^ mpi mil Ti> dd ngudi d i n sg Un tudng tuy^t ddi vio sp linh dao cua Ding, cua chfnh quy^n, t^io dupe su doin kg't thdng nhit d^ Ihpc hi^n
e i c nhigm vg cua cich mgng
Ki thda, phit tri^n sing tgo quan di^m vi vin d^
din tdc v i ehinh sich d i n tOc eda chu nghia Mic — Lgnin, Chii t(ch Hd Chi Minh d i dua ra nhdng quan di^m, phuong hudng chi dgo cdng tic d i n lOc, chfnh sieh din tOc ciia nude ta Ngudi ehi rd: Chfnh sich din tOc cua Ding va Nhi nude ta Ii e i c d i n tOc d^u binh ding v i doin kg't ehit ehg, thuong ygu giup dd nhau nhu anh em Ddng b i o mi^n xudi phii ra sue mil Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh v^ chfnh sieh din t0c bao gdm nhung ndi dung co bin sau:
- Chfnh sich din tpc phai hudng d^n doin k^t loin din tOc Doin kg't din tOc li myc Ugu, nhi^m vg hing
diu, li vin d^ cd y nghla chi^n lupc quy€t dfnh thinh
cdng eua cich mgng Vi^t Nam
- Chfnh sich d i n tdc phii hudng tdi thpe hi^n su binh ding giua cic din tdc, phii tgo di^u ki^n cho c i c din tdc giup dd nhau cung nhau phat Iri^n "Ddng b i o
mi^n nui phii doin k^t giiJp dd ddng bao miin xudi
Vi ddng b i o miin xudi phii doin k^t giup dd ddng
b i o miin nui."
- Chinh sich din tde phii hudng din phit uiin toin
vung miin niii, lim eho miin niii ngay cing U€n k]p vdi miin xudi Ngudi ygu e i u Ding v i chinh phii phii ed chfnh sieh, ke hogch phit Uiin kinh ti van hda - x i hdi
di phit Uiin toin di^n miin niii Uin kip miin xudi d i
ddng bio c i nude ai ai eOng cd com no, i o i m ai cQno dupe hpc hinh, dupe lam chvi dit nude '
Trang 2phit Uiin ddi ngii cin l>0 nhit li ddi ngO cin bp li con
em cic din tdc thiiu sd Bie eho ring, chinh sieh
dan tOc phii dupe bit d i u tu cdng tic cin bd cin
ph^ chii ugng d i o igo, bdi dudng, phit triin vi eham
s6c dOi ngu cin bO, dgc biit ein bp ii con em ddng
b4o din Idc Uiiiu sd
- Chinh sieh din t<)c phii chu y d i n tinh d i e thu
din tOc- Viit Nam l i qu6c gia da d i n tdc sinh sdng
xen ki lin nhau Uin toin linh thd Mdi d i n tpc Igi ed
mOt bin sic vin hda, phong tgc, tip quin, diiu kiin
sinh sdng khic nhau, do dd ehinh sich d i n tpc phii
tfnh din sp phCi hpp vdi Idng d i n tOc
2 Quan diem cua Dang va Nha nuvc Viet Nam ve
ckinh sach dan toe
Chfnh sich d i n Idc - tdc ngudi ciia Ding vi Nhi
niwc ta hiiu mOt cich co b i n dd ehfnh li sp cy Uii
h6a quan diim, dudng ldi cua Ding COng sin Viit
Nam vi vin d i din IQc, tie dOng trpc tiip d i n vigc
gi^ quyit mdi quan h i d i n tOc Uin c i c linh vpc ciia
(Kri sing xi hOi Dd li h i thdng c i c nguyin tic, chii
tmong vi giii phip nhim giii quyit cic vin d i din
ti>c vi mdi quan h i giQa e i e d i n tOc; d i m b i o sp
thing nhit ciia cOng ddng qudc gia din tdc vi md
rOng quan hi vdi eae cOng ddng qudc t i dupe xic
djnh trong tCmg giai dogn eg thi Thpe hiin quyin
binh ding vi chfnh tri, l^inh ti, vin hda, xi hOi giua
c^c tdc ngudi, trong dd quan tim d i n cic din tOc
thiiu sd cd Uinh dO phit triin kinh t i - x i hOi Uiip
nhim Cling cd khdi dgi doin kit toin din tpc vi mue
tiiu xky dpng vi b i o vi Td qudc
Ngay tu khi mdi ra dbi, Ding ta d i sdm quan tim
din vin d i din tOc va chfnh sich din lOc Vdi nhung
chii Uuong, dudng ldi, chfnh saeh diing din, Ding
COng sin Vigt Nam d i tip hpp dupe sue mgnh to Idn
ciia khdi dgi doin kil c i c d i n tdc lim nin nhOmg
chiin thing vi vang hong lich sii diu uanh dpng nude
vk giu nude chdng Igi mpi ki UiO Uiuc din, d i qudc
xSmlupe
Trong thdi ky ddi mdi Ding ta ngiy cing quan tim
hon din vin d i d i n tde va chfnh sach din t d c Cuong
Dnh xiy dpng dit nude trong thdi ky q u i dd lin CNXH
nam 1991 d i xac d(nh m^t trong s i u d i e tmng eua xi
hOi Xi hOi ehii nghla 6 Viit Nam li: "Cic din tdc Uong
nude binh ding, doin kit, giiip nhau eung Uin t>d"
Oin Cuong Unh bd sung vi phat triin nim 2011 Ding
la Uip tyc nhin mgnh v i lim rd hem mdt trong tim
d^c Uung eiia x i hOf x i hOi chu nghia d Viit Nam Ii:
'C4c din tOc hong eOng ddng Viit Nam binh ding,
doin kil, tdn hpng vi giup nhau cung phit triin"
Thyc hiin tdt cdng tic d i n tdc gdp phin tgo lap sp
<Wng Uiuin x i hdi, cung cd, ting cudng khdi dgi doan
kit toin din tOc ludn l i vin d i chiin lupc ciia cieh
mgng nude ta diiu nay d i dupe Ding ta khing djnh
qua cie ky Dgi hOi vi c i c nghi quyet ciia Dang
Trong Bio cao chinh tri t^ ^ i i hOi X ciia Ding, Irin
CO sd Idng kit 20 nim ddi mdi Ding la dua ra nguyin tic giii quyit cdng tie din Idc trong Unh hinh hiin nay: Ding la ludn coi edng tic din tOc vi doin kit c i c din tdc li vin d i chiin lupc, co bin, liu dii ciia sy nghiip cieh mgng nude ta Cic din Idc trong dgi gia dinh Vigt Nam binh ding, doin kit, tdn Irpng vi giiip
dd lin nhau eung Uin bO; ciing nhau Ihpc hiin thing Ipi sy nghiip cdng nghiip hoi, hiin dgi hoi, xiy dpng
va b i o vi Td qudc Viit Nam x i hOi chu nghla Diu tranh ngin chin c i c hinh vi Ipi dyng e i c vin d i din Idc, tin ngudng, tdn giio d i hogt ddng trii phip luit kieh ddng, ehia rg nhin din, chia re cic din tOc, tdn giio lim phuong hgi d i n Ipi ieh ehung cua dit nude Tiip tye khing djnh chii truong, dudng Idi, chfnh sich diing din ddi vdi edng lac din tde, Nghi quyit Dgi hOi lin thu XII ciia Ding xic dinh: Doin kil cic
din tdc cd v\ Iri ehiin lupc Uong sp nghiip cich mgng
ciia nude ta Tiip tuc hoin thiin cic co chi, chfnh sich, t>io d i m cac din tdc binh ding, tdn trpng, doin nhau cung phit triin, tgo ehuyin biin rd rgt Uong phit triin kinh li, van hda, xa hdi vung cd ddng ddng
b i o dan ipc thieu sd
Mot sd chinh sieh din tOc ciia Vigt Nam: Diiu 5 Hiin phip 2013 cua nude COng hda x i hOi ehu nghla Vigt Nam ngu rd: "Nhi nude thpe hign ehfnh sieh phit triin loin diin vi tgo diiu kign d i cic din tdc thiiu sd phit huy nOi Ipc, eung phit triin vdi dit nude" Do dd nOi dung chfnh sich din tOc cua Ding vi Nhi nude ta phin inh eic ygu ciu, nhigm vg trin cic Unh vpe cy thi nhu: ehfnh tri, kinh li, van sich din tOc d i vi dang dupe triin khai Ihpc hign trong thdi gian gan diy:
- Chuong trinh 135 vi hd Up diu tu co sd hg ling,
hd trp phit triin sin xuil eho eae x i d i e biit khd khin, xi biin gidi, x i an toin khu, cic thdn, bin dgc biit khd khin
- Chfnh sach hd trp dit d, dit sin xuit, nude sinh hogt cho hO ddng b i o din tOe thfiu sd nghio vi hO ngheo d xi, thdn, t>an d i e biit khd khin
- Chfnh sich h6 Up di din thpe hign d)nh eanh, dinh cu eho ddng b i o din tOc thiiu sd
- Chinh sich cho vay vdn phit triin sin xuil ddi vdi
hd din tOc Uiiiu sd dgc bigt khd khin
- Chinh sich hd tro tmc Uip eho ngudi din thuOc
hO ngheo vung khd khin
- Chinh sieh ddi vdi ngudi ed uy tin Uong ddng b i o dan tOc thiiu sd
- Chinh sieh c i p mOt sd bio, tap ehi eho vung din tdc thieu sd vi miin niii, vung d i e biit khd khin
- Di i n "Giam thiiu linh trgng tio hdn vi hdn nhin
cin huyit thdng Irong ddng b i o din tdc thiiu sd"
75
Trang 3NGHI^CUru
- Thpe hiin e i e Mgc tiiu phii triin Uiiin niin ky bao tdn vi phit huy Phyc hdi mdi ^d Ii hO" d ^ ^ ^
ddi vdi ddng b i o d i n tdc thiiu sd gin vdi muc tiiu d i n vO ciia e i c ddng b i o d i n lOc thiiu sd; ngdn ngd
phit triin b i n vung sau nim 2015
- Nghi quyil ciia Chinh phd v i thiic diy phit Uiin
ngudn nhin Ipe c i c d i n tOc thiiu sd din n i m 2020,
d|nh hudng din nim 2030
3 Thvc hien chinh sach dan toe tren dia ban tinh
Thira'ThieiiHue
Trin d|a bin Unh Thua Thiin Hui, ddng b i o d i n
tOc thiiu sd cu tru tip tmng Uieo cdng ddng xi, Uidn,
bin vi sinh sdng chii yiu d 2 huyin miin niii (Nam
Ddng, A Ludi) vi mOt sd ft sdng d mOt sd huyin, Uij x i
cd x i mfin nui (thj x i Huong Tri, huyin Phii LOc,
huyin Phong Diin) Toin Unh cd 48 x i miin nui Uong
dd 34 x i cd ddng b i o din tOc Uiiiu sd gdm e i e d i n
tOc Ti di, Pakd, Vin kiiu Pa hy, Co tu, ngoii ra cdn cd
mOt sd bO phin nhd c i c d i n tOe khic Cd 19 x i khu
vpc II, chiim gin 40% sd x i DTTS va miin ndi; cd 15
xi DBKK, 2 x i biin gidi, chiim 35% tdng sd x i DTTS,
15 Uidn UiuOc x i KVII dupe dua vio diin diu tu
Chuong trinh 135
Vdi viie triin khai Uch cyc vi ddng bO cie ehinh
sich din tOc Uin dla bin Unh Thua Thiin Hui Uong
thdi gian qua, diin mgo vung miin niii, ddng b i o d i n
sp chuyin biin mgnh m i Uin mpi linh vpc eua ddi
sdng x i hOi Ndng lim nghiip vi nginh chin nudi phii
Uiin mgnh me i^Jhiiu md hinh VACR hiiu qui, ducrc
nhin rOng Tung bude giup b i eon xda ddi giim nghio
Nginh cdng nghiip, thu cdng nghiip d i giii quyit
viic lim eho mOt bO phin d i n cu l i ddng bao cic d i n
lOc thiiu sd cd thu nhip 6n dinh Khdi phge va phit
Uiin c i c ling nghi, nghi tmyin thdng vdi nhung sin
dit Zing, mOc, rin, chgm khic my nghi
Diin hinh l i nghi dit Zing, dan lit dupe khdi phge
vi td chiic sin xuil Igi e i e xi: A Roing, A Ddt, A Ngo,
Nhim ciia huyin A Ludi vi Huong Son, Huong Hiiu,
Thuong Nhit, Thupng Long huyin Nam Ddng Uiu hiit
khoing 30% - 50% sd hO Uiam gia, gdp phin ting Uiu
nhip ddng Uidi phit huy nghi huyin thdng ciia ba
eon din tOc
Vi giio dge vi d i o tgo: Chit lupng giio dge d c i c
c i p hpc, b i c hpe d i lung bude dupe ning cao Ty l i
eic em hpc sinh ddng biP d i n tOc Uiiiu sd Uii diu vio
c i c trudng cao ding, dgi hpe ngay cing nhiiu
Uing ndi, chp viil e i e d i n tdc dupe tdn trpng vi giO gin Ngiy hOi vin hda thi thao vi du l|eh cac d i n lOc miin mii d Thda Thign Hui dupe td chuc 2 n i m mOt Iin, Uipe sp l i diim hOi tp nhOng tinh hoa vin hda d i e
s i c ciia ddng b i o c i c d i n lOc Uiiiu s6 Uong Unh
Thdng qua c i c hogt dOng dd d i gdp phin tuyin tmyin, giio dgc v i Uuyin Uidng vin hda cUa ddng bao din tOc Uiiiu sd cho c i c Ihi h i , ddng Uidi ciing
cd vOng ehie khdi dgi doin kit c i e d i n lOc Uin dla bin Unh
Qudc phdng — an ninh vung d i n tOc v i miin ndi Unh Thda Thiin Hui dupe giO vilng, ngiy cing ciing
cd vi phit Uiin e i Uim Ipe vi t h i Irin qudc phdng toin din, eung nhu t h i h i n an ninh nhin din Thpe hiin tdt b i o vi, dOc lip, chu quyin, loin v?n linh thd,
b i o vi c h i do x i hOi chii nghla, d i p tan mpi i m muu, thu dogn cua c i c t h i Ipc Uiii dleh Igi dgng khd khin
vi ddi sdng, trinh dO d i n hi thip cda ddng b i o vi nhOng sai sdt cua c i c cip, c i c nginh Irong viic Ihpc hiin chinh sich d i n lOc ciia Ding vi Nhi nude ta d i giy mit dn dinh chfnh tri x i hOi d viing din iQc vi miin nui
Bin cgnh nhdng kit q u i dgt dupe trong Ihdi gian qua, q u i trinh Ihpc hiin chfnh sich d i n tOc vin cdn nhung khd khin, hgn e h i nhit djnh Mge dCi ddi sdng
b i con d i dupe cii thiin so vdi trudc diy, nhung da
sd ddng b i o din tOc Uiiiu sd, dge biit l i viing siu, vung xa vin edn gip nhiiu khd khin, Ihu nhip thip,
vin edn cd tu tudng hdng chd, y Igi vio sp hd Up ciia
nha nude nin khdng chii dpng Upng viic phit triin kinh t i hO d i vuon lin Uioit nghio, nguy co tii nghio cao Sin xuit vi luu thdng hing hda cdn nhiiu khd khin MOt sd chinh sich chua phat huy hit tic dOng, mgc tiiu dgt ra
Tai iieu tham l(hao
Thua Thiin - Hui Uipe hiin higu q u i chfnh sich
d i n tOe https://www.nhandan.com.vn/xahoi/Un-qua-chinh-sach-dan-toc.html
Thua Thiin Hui: Hiiu qua ciia ehinh sieh d i n tOc tgi vdng miin nui v i d i n tOc thiiu sd
Vi y l i : Cie dla* phuong Uip Me Uiin khai Uiuc
http://danvan.vny^ome/Cong.tac-dan-toc/8019/Thua-hiin Quyil dinh sd 139/2003/QD -TTg ciia Thu Uidng
Thien-Hue-Hieu-qua-eua-ehinh-sach-dan-toc-tai-Chinh phu vi mgng ludi y t i co sd vi khim chua binh vung-mien-nui-va-dan-toc-thieu-so
cho ngudi nghio Cdng tic chim sdc v i b i o vi siic Hoin Uuin ehinh sich giim nghio bin vPng vimg
khde cho ddng bao vung d i n tOc va miin niii dupe d i n tOc Ihiiu sd vi ^ ^ j ^ ^ ^^
quan tim dung miic http7/baoehinhphu.vn/nn-noi-bai^ioan-thien-chinh Vin hda: Cie hogt dOng vin hda, vin nghg, Uii dye
sach-giam-ngheo-ben-vung-vung-dan-toc-thieu-so-va-thi Uiao ciia cOng ddng cac d i n tOc dupe quan lim
80
mien-nui/381164.vgp