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hybrid approach for modeling and optimization of hole taper during laser trepan drilling of ti 6al 4v alloy sheet

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Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Organizing Committee of AMME 2014 doi: 10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.373 ScienceDirect ,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ$GYDQFHVLQ0DQXIDFWXULQJDQG0DW

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Procedia Materials Science 5 ( 2014 ) 1781 – 1790

2211-8128 © 2014 Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ ).

Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Organizing Committee of AMME 2014

doi: 10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.373

ScienceDirect

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Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Organizing... ).

Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Organizing Committee of AMME 2014

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