1. Trang chủ
  2. » Giáo án - Bài giảng

a study on soil compaction management in tobacco cultivation in mysore region of india

6 8 0

Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)

THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU

Thông tin cơ bản

Tiêu đề A Study on Soil Compaction Management in Tobacco Cultivation in Mysore Region of India
Trường học Mysore Agricultural University
Chuyên ngành Agricultural Science
Thể loại Research Paper
Năm xuất bản 2014
Thành phố Mysore
Định dạng
Số trang 6
Dung lượng 0,97 MB

Các công cụ chuyển đổi và chỉnh sửa cho tài liệu này

Nội dung

Selection and peer review under responsibility of Asia-Pacifi c Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering Society doi: 10.1016/j.apcbee.2014.03.042 APCBEE Procedia 8 2014 287

Trang 1

2212-6708 © 2014 P Srinivas Published by Elsevier B.V This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ ).

Selection and peer review under responsibility of Asia-Pacifi c Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering Society

doi: 10.1016/j.apcbee.2014.03.042

APCBEE Procedia 8 ( 2014 ) 287 – 292

ScienceDirect

$6WXG\RQ6RLO&RPSDFWLRQ0DQDJHPHQWLQ7REDFFR&XOWLYDWLRQLQ

0\VRUH5HJLRQRI,QGLD

'U36ULQLYDVD6ULQDWK5DPDNNUXVKQDQE$VZDWKDPDQ9LMD\DQDE

D 6HQLRU/HDG  6FLHQWLVW5 ',7&/LPLWHG±$JUL%XVLQHVV'LYLVLRQ±,/7'0\VRUH,QGLD

E 0DQDJHU±6XVWDLQDELOLW\&HOO,7&/LPLWHG±$JUL%XVLQHVV'LYLVLRQ±,/7'0\VRUH,QGLD

DE([HFXWLYH6XVWDLQDELOLW\&HOO,7&/LPLWHG±$JUL%XVLQHVV'LYLVLRQ±,/7'0\VRUH,QGLD

$EVWUDFW

6RLOLVDG\QDPLF PHGLXPLQZKLFKWKHSK\VLFDOFKHPLFDODQGELRORJLFDOSURFHVVHVDUHFKDQJLQJDOOWKHWLPHXQGHUWKH LQIOXHQFHVRIPDQDQGQDWXUH7KHUDWHDWZKLFKVRLOFKDQJHVXQGHUWKHLQIOXHQFHRIPDQ¶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¶VIDUPHFRQRP\ ZLWKDVSHFLILFUHIHUHQFHWRWREDFFR7KXVLQRUGHUWRXQGHUVWDQGWKHFDXVHVHIIHFWVDQGLPSDFWVRIVRLOFRPSDFWLRQ,7& OLPLWHG$JUL%XVLQHVV'LYLVLRQ±,/7'XQGHUWRRNDFRPSUHKHQVLYHVWXG\LQ0\VRUHUHJLRQ ,QGLD WRGLDJQRVHWKHH[WHQW RIVRLOFRPSDFWLRQLQIDUPVDQGHYDOXDWHWKHLPSDFWRIVXEVRLOLQJLQEUHDNLQJWKHFRPSDFWLRQOD\HUV



‹3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU%96HOHFWLRQDQGRUSHHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RI$VLD3DFLILF

&KHPLFDO%LRORJLFDO (QYLURQPHQWDO(QJLQHHULQJ6RFLHW\



.H\ZRUGV6RLO&RPSDFWLRQ0\VRUH,7&/LPLWHG7REDFFR

,QWURGXFWLRQ

6XEVRLO FRPSDFWLRQ LV WKH SK\VLFDO FRQVROLGDWLRQ RI WKH VRLO E\ DQ DSSOLHG IRUFH WKDW GHVWUR\V VWUXFWXUH



(PDLODGGUHVVDVZDWK#\DKRRLQ

2013 4th International Conference on Agriculture and Animal Science (CAAS 2013)

2013 3rd International Conference on Asia Agriculture and Animal (ICAAA 2013)

© 2014 P Srinivas Published by Elsevier B.V This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ ).

Selection and peer review under responsibility of Asia-Pacifi c Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering Society

Trang 2

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

&RPSDFWLRQ'LDJQRVLV6FRSHDQG6DPSOLQJ

$VWDQGDUGL]HGGLDJQRVLVSURFHGXUHLVHYROYHGIRUWKHILUVWWLPHWRLGHQWLI\WKHH[WHQWRIVRLOFRPSDFWLRQLQ FURSJURZLQJUHJLRQVRI0\VRUH7KHGDWDREWDLQHGIURPWKLVSURFHGXUHLVDQDO\]HGDQGXVHGIRUHYDOXDWLQJ VXEVRLOLQJUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVIRUDOOWKHIDUPHUVLQWKHUHJLRQ$FOXVWHUVDPSOLQJPHWKRGLVIROORZHGIRUWKH GDWDFROOHFWLRQSURFHVV7KHVRLOFRPSDFWLRQGDWDLVFDSWXUHGDWILHOGVRIWRDFUHVL]HORFDWHGLQYLOODJHV RIHYHU\FOXVWHUDFURVV+HFWDUHVLQ0\VRUH5HJLRQ

'LDJQRVLV7RRODQG0HWKRGRORJ\

6RLO &RPSDFWLRQ 7HVWHU LV D 3HQHWURPHWHU ZKLFK PHDVXUHV WKH FRPSDFWLRQ RI VRLO DQG LV EDVHG RQ WKH

$6$(6VWDQGDUG7KHWRROKHOSVWRGHWHUPLQHLIVXEVRLOLQJH[SHULPHQWZLOOEHEHQHILFLDODQGLQZKDW GHSWKWKHVXEVRLOHUVKRXOGEHSORXJKHGLQWKHVRLO$3HQHWURPHWHUFRQVLVWVRIDGHJUHHFLUFXODUVWDLQOHVV VWHHO FRQH ZLWK D GULYLQJ VKDIW DQG D SUHVVXUH JDXJH  7KH3HQHWURPHWHU XVXDOO\ FRPHV ZLWK  FRQHV ± RQH ZLWK D EDVH GLDPHWHU RI    LQFKHV IRU VRIW VRLOV DQG WKH RWKHU ZLWK D EDVH GLDPHWHU RI   

LQFKHVIRUKDUGVRLOV7KHWLSLVVOLJKWO\ZLGHUWKDQWKHGULYLQJVKDIWWROLPLWIULFWLRQRIWKHVKDIWZLWKWKHVRLO

7KHGULYLQJVKDIWLVXVXDOO\JUDGHGHYHU\LQFKHVWRDOORZWKHGHWHUPLQDWLRQRIGHSWKRIFRPSDFWLRQ7KHGLDO KDV WZR VFDOHV RQH IRU HDFK WLS WKDW DUH FDOLEUDWHG LQ 3RXQGV SHU 6TXDUH ,QFK RI WKH EDVH DUHD RI WKH FRQH VKDSHGWLS7KH'LDOLVFRORXUFRGHGIRUUHIHUHQFHDQGWKHJDXJHLVHQJLQHHUHGWRKDYHDSRVLWLYHORDGVXFK WKDWWKHQHHGOHGRHVQRWDOZD\VFRQWDFWWKHSLQRQWKHORZHQGRIWKHJUHHQVFDOH>@



)LJ3HQHWURPHWHU'DWD&ROOHFWLRQ

(VWLPDWLRQRI&RPSDFWLRQ=RQH

7KHSHQHWURPHWHUURGVKRXOGEHGULYHQDWDUDWHRILQFKSHUVHFRQG$VWKHSHQHWURPHWHULVSXVKHGLQWR WKHVRLOWKHGHSWKDWZKLFKWKH36,OHYHOLVH[FHHGHGLVUHFRUGHGXVLQJWKHJUDGLHQWVRQWKHSHQHWURPHWHU URG7KLVOHYHOLVWKHWRSRIWKHFRPSDFWHG]RQH7KHQDJDLQLWLVFRQWLQXRXVO\SUHVVHGGRZQDQGWKHGHSWKDW

Trang 3

³&RQHLQGH[´YDOXHVDUHFDSWXUHGDWDQLQWHUYDORIHYHU\LQFKHVEHORZWKHJURXQGOHYHO7KHVDPHSURFHGXUH LVUHSHDWHGDFURVVUHDGLQJVSHU+HFWDUH

7DEOH&RPSDFWLRQ5DWLQJ

3HUFHQWDJHRIPHDVXULQJSRLQWVKDYLQJFRQH

LQGH[!36,LQWRSLQFKHV

&RPSDFWLRQ

5DWLQJ

6XEVRLOLQJ

UHFRPPHQGDWLRQ

(DFK ILHOG WKDW LV H[DPLQHG LV JLYHQ IRXU UDWLQJV /LWWOH WR QRQH 6OLJKW 0RGHUDWH 6HYHUH   EDVHG RQ WKH SHUFHQWDJH RI PHDVXULQJSRLQWVKDYLQJFRQHLQGH[JUHDWHUWKDQ36,LQWRS,QFKHV

'LDJQRVLV6XPPDU\DQG5HVXOW

7KHJUDSKEHORZVXPPDUL]HVWKHFRPSDFWLRQUDWLQJVRIWKHILHOGVDWDQDYHUDJHGHSWKRILQFKHV LQFKHVDQGLQFKHVEHORZWKHJURXQGOHYHO$WLQFKHVDURXQGRIWKHILHOGVKDYHUHFRUGHG³/LWWOHWR QRQH´ VRLO FRPSDFWLRQ UDWLQJV OHVV WKDQ  RI WKH ILHOGV KDYH UHFRUGHG ³0RGHUDWH´ DQG ³6HYHUH´ VRLO FRPSDFWLRQUDWLQJV>@

)LJ&RPSDFWLRQ5HVXOWDW,QFKHV'HSWKDQG,QFKHV'HSWK

$W  LQFKHV EHORZ WKH JURXQG OHYHO  RI WKH WRWDO QXPEHUV RI ILHOGV KDYH UHFRUGHG ³VHYHUH´ VRLO FRPSDFWLRQ UDWLQJV DQG  RI WKH ILHOGV KDYH UHFRUGHG 0RGHUDWH VRLO FRPSDFWLRQ UDWLQJ 7KH QXPEHU RI ILHOGVZLWK³OLWWOHWRQRQH´VRLOFRPSDFWLRQUDWLQJVKDYHUHGXFHGWRIURPDWLQFKHVGHSWK$WD GHSWK RI  LQFKHV EHORZ WKH JURXQG OHYHO   RI WKH WRWDO QXPEHU RI ILHOGV KDV UHFRUGHG ³VHYHUH´ VRLO FRPSDFWLRQUDWLQJVDQGRIWKHILHOGKDVUHFRUGHG0RGHUDWHFRPSDFWLRQUDWLQJ7KHQXPEHURIILHOGVZLWK

³OLWWOHWRQRQH´VRLOFRPSDFWLRQUDWLQJVKDYHIXUWKHUUHGXFHGWR7KXVWKHGDWDLQGLFDWHVWKHH[LVWHQFHRI VRLOUHVLVWDQFH&RPSDFWLRQWRDWXQHRIRIWKHWRWDODUHDDQGWKLVFDQEHDWWULEXWHGWRDQXPEHURIIDFWRUV OLNHIDUPWUDIILFVRLOSK\VLFDODQGFKHPLFDOSURSHUWLHV

Trang 4

6XEVRLOLQJ

3URSHUVXEVRLOLQJDOOHYLDWHVWKHQHJDWLYHHIIHFWVRIVRLOFRPSDFWLRQ6XEVRLOLQJWULDOVZHUHXQGHUWDNHQWR EUHDN WKH VRLO FRPSDFWLRQ DQG WR HYDOXDWH WKH LPSDFW RQ SURGXFWLYLW\ DQG RWKHU DJURQRP\ SDUDPHWHUV LQ 0\VRUH UHJLRQV $ VLQJOH WLQH  VWUDLJKW VKDQN VXE VRLOHU RI ´ GHSWK RI WLQH  ZDV XVHG IRU VXEVRLOLQJ

RSHUDWLRQ



)LJ6XEVROLQJ2SHUDWLRQLQ)LHOG

6XE VRLOLQJ ZDV GRQH RQ ERWK WKH GLUHFWLRQV ± KRUL]RQWDO DQG YHUWLFDO ±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

Trang 5





)LJ6RLO0RLVWXUH5HWHQWLRQ±6XEVRLO3ORWYV&RQWURO3ORW

Trang 6

)LJ D 5RRW*URZWKLQ6XEVRLOHG3ORWYV&RQWURO3ORW E 1XWULHQW8SWDNH$QDO\VLV

([FHVVLYH FRPSDFWLRQ GHFUHDVHV ZDWHU LQILOWUDWLRQ DQG VWRUDJH GHFUHDVHV URRW JURZWK UHGXFHV WKH VRLO YROXPHH[SORUHGE\URRWVDQGFDQUHGXFHFURS\LHOGVDVVKRZQLQWKH)LJ3ODQWVUHTXLUHDVXVWDLQHGDQG EDODQFHGVXSSO\RI QXWULHQWV GXULQJWKHJURZLQJ VHDVRQIRU PD[LPXPJURZWKDQG \LHOG6XEVRLOVFDQEHD VLJQLILFDQWVRXUFHRISODQWQXWULHQWVHVSHFLDOO\ZKHQWKHWRSVRLOLVGU\

6RLOFRPSDFWLRQDIIHFWVQXWULHQWXSWDNH1XWULHQWXSWDNHGHSHQGVODUJHO\RQZDWHUIORZIURPWKHVXEVWUDWH WRWKHURRWVDQGWKHQXSWRWKHVKRRWV,WLVHYLGHQWIURPWKHIROORZLQJ JUDSKWKDWEHWWHUQXWULHQWXSWDNHKDV EHHQREVHUYHGLQWKHVXEVRLOHGSORWVZLWKPRUHDPRXQWRIIHUWLOL]HUXSWDNHLQWKHVDPSOHVDQDO\]HG>@

&RQFOXVLRQ

6RLOSURGXFWLYLW\LVYHU\LPSRUWDQWIRUKXPDQVXUYLYDOEXWDQ\IRUPRIVRLOGHJUDGDWLRQFDQUHGXFHWKHVRLO IHUWLOLW\DQGXOWLPDWHO\LWORZHUVWKHVRLOSURGXFWLYLW\6RLOFRPSDFWLRQLVWKHUHGXFWLRQRIVRLOYROXPHGXHWR H[WHUQDO IDFWRUV WKLV UHGXFWLRQ ORZHUV VRLO SURGXFWLYLW\ DQG HQYLURQPHQWDO TXDOLW\ 7KH WKUHDW RI VRLO FRPSDFWLRQLVJUHDWHUWRGD\WKDQLQWKHSDVWEHFDXVHRIWKHGUDPDWLFLQFUHDVHLQWKHVL]HRIIDUPHTXLSPHQW DQGPRQRFURSSLQJSUDFWLFHVIROORZHGE\WKHIDUPHU

(IIHFWV RI WKH VRLO FRPSDFWLRQ PDQDJHPHQW RQ SURGXFWLYLW\ TXDOLW\ VRLO PRLVWXUH UHWHQWLRQ QXWULHQW XSWDNHDQGORVVHVRIQXWULHQWVKDYHEHHQVWXGLHGLQWKLVH[SHULPHQWWRKHOSIDUPHUVUHDOL]HWKHLPSDFWRIVRLO FRPSDFWLRQRQWKHLUSURGXFWLYLW\DQGTXDOLW\

5HIHUHQFHV

>@5RVHQEHUJ1-5HVSRQVHRISODQWVWRSK\VLFDOHIIHFWVRIVRLOFRPSDFWLRQ$GYDQFHLQ$JURQ

>@&DQLOODV(&DQG6DORNKH90$GHFLVLRQVXSSRUWV\VWHPIRUFRPSDFWLRQDVVHVVPHQWLQDJULFXOWXUDOVRLOV6RLO7LOO 5HV

>@7RGUHV$³6RLO&RPSDFWLRQ9HULILFDWLRQ8VLQJWKH'\QDPLF&RQH3HQHWURPHWHU´5HSRUW1R&RQVWUXFWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\ /DERUDWRULHV

>@&DQQHOO5  6RLODHUDWLRQDQGFRPSDFWLRQLQUHODWLRQWRURRWJURZWKDQGVRLOPDQDJHPHQW$SSO%LRO±

>@+HQU\-(DQG-RKQVRQ:+&RUQJHUPLQDWLRQHIILFLHQFLHVDVDIIHFWHGE\VRLOSUHVVXUHDQGWHPSHUDWXUH7UDQV$PHU 6RF$JU(QJ  

>@ *UDKDP 5' $VFKHU -6 DQG +ROORZD\ 5-   3URVSHFWV IRU LQFUHDVLQJ FURS \LHOGV E\ LQFRUSRUDWLQJ RUJDQLF PDWWHU  DQG QXWULHQWV DW GHSWK 3URFHHGLQJV $JURQRP\ 7HFKQLFDO &RQIHUHQFH 6RXWK $XVWUDOLDQ 'HSDUWPHQW RI $JULFXOWXUH $GHODLGH  )HEUXDU\SS

...

2013 3rd International Conference on Asia Agriculture and Animal (ICAAA 2013)

© 2014 P Srinivas Published by Elsevier B.V This is an open access article under the... Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering Society

Trang 2

UHGXFHVSRURVLW\OLPLWVZDWHUDQGDLULQILOWUDWLRQLQFUHDVHVUHVLVWDQFHWRURRWSHQHWUDWLRQDQGRIWHQUHVXOWVLQ...

( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ ).

Selection and peer review under responsibility of Asia-Pacifi c Chemical, Biological &

Ngày đăng: 01/11/2022, 08:51

TỪ KHÓA LIÊN QUAN

TÀI LIỆU CÙNG NGƯỜI DÙNG

TÀI LIỆU LIÊN QUAN

🧩 Sản phẩm bạn có thể quan tâm

w