Vdi muc dich xay dung va ciing cd' luan cU khoa hoc, giiip cho viec danh gia thUc trang phap luat, viec thUc thi cac quy dinh pbap luat ve an toan, ve sinh lao ddng ciia LDN; dong thdi,
Trang 1VIEC THI HANH QUY DINH PHAP LUAT LAO DONG
VE AN TOAN, VE SINH LAO DONG DOI v 6 l
LAO DONG N C T A I CAC DOANH NGHIEP 6 HA NOI
LAI THI TO QUYEN <*>
Tom tat: Hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh bao gid chng co sa lien quan m$t thiSt vdi an toan lao
dong, v$ sinh lao dong Lao dong na vUa co tu each la mot Mc IWng lao dong tham gia vao qua trinh lao dong san xu^t, dong thdi thvtc hiSn thiSn chdc lam me, lam vO Xuat phat td nhiing dac Chii
rieng-ve tam, sinh ly, sufc khoe, chdc nang sinh de va nuoi con va dac diem chung cua liic iMng lao dong, phap luat lao dong mot mat dam bao quyen binh dang giUa phu nil va nam gidi; mat khac, co cac quy dinh rieng nhkm bao vS lao dong nii trong linh vile an toan, ve sinh lao dong Bai viet ban ve viec thUc tbi cac quy dinh phap luat lao dong ve an toan, ve sinh lao dong cho lao dong nii tai cac doanh nghiep d Ha Noi, danh gia viec thuc thivaduara mot so giai phap nhkm nang cao viec thiic thi do
Ttt khoa: An toan lao dong; ve sinh lao dong; lao dong n H; doanh nghiep; dieu kien lam viec; phap
luat lao dong
Abstract: Occupational safety and hygiene are central to productivity These issues are especially important to female workers as they are not only workers but also mothers, wives, with gender-specific physical and psychological featuures Law on occupational safety and hygiene must,
on one hand, ensure gender equality, but on the other hand, should have regulations exclusively for female workers This article reviewed how corporates in Hanoi city have implemented the Law on occupational safety and hygiene for female workers Implications and recommendations were discussed
Keywords: Work safety; occupational hygiene; female worker; corporate; working condition; law
of labor
Ngay nhan bai: 12/4/2019; Ngay sda bai: 25/6/2019; Ngay dayet dang bai: 20/7/2019
1 Dat van de dUdc bao ve td't tbi cang kich thich dUdc
Mot trong nhUng quyen cd ban cua sUc san xua't Dieu nay ndi len mdi quan ngudi lao dong ndi chung, lao ddng nU h§ bien chUng giUa qua trinh san xuat vdi (LDN) ndi rieng la dUdc dam bao lao ddng an toan lao ddng Xua't phat tU nhUng dac trong dieu kien an toan, ve sinh lao dong thd rieng ve tam, sinh ly, sUc khde, chlic Hoat ddng san xua't kinh doanh bao gid nang sinh de va nudi con va dac diem ciing cd sU lien quan mat thiet vdi an toan chung cua lUc lUdng lao dong (LLLD), Viet lao ddng, ve sinh lao ddng SUc lao ddng la Nam da ban hanh luat phap, cac chinh yd'u to' quyet dinh nha't trong san xua't, do
dd mud'n tie'n hanh san xua't thi phai bao ^ ^hS, Vien Tii di^n hoc va Bach khoa tha Viet Nam
vd sUc l a o ddng, ngUdC l a i , Slic l a o dong Email: daniellequyen@gmail.com
Trang 2sach Uu tien cho phu nU Vdi muc dich xay
dung va ciing cd' luan cU khoa hoc, giiip
cho viec danh gia thUc trang phap luat,
viec thUc thi cac quy dinh pbap luat ve an
toan, ve sinh lao ddng ciia LDN; dong thdi,
dUa ra cac giai phap de nang cao bieu qua
thuc thi cac quy dinh ve dieu kien lam viec
cbo LDN theo phap luat lao ddng d Viet
Nam Trong bai viet nay, tac gia se danh
gia mot sd' va'n de qua viec nghien ciiu
thUc tien tbi hanh cac quy dinh rieng cho
LDN ve an toan, ve sinh lao dong theo
phap luat lao ddng Viet Nam tai cac
doanh nghiep d Ha Noi va dUa ra cac giai
phap nham thiic day qua trinh thUc thi
phap luat ve an toan ve sinh lao dong ddi
vdi lao ddng nU dat hieu qua hdn
2 Thiic tien t h i h a n h cac quy d i n h
r i e n g cho lao dong nii ve an toan, v§
sinh lao dong t h e o p h a p luat lao
dong Viet Nam tai cac doanh nghiep
of Ha Noi
Cac quy dinh ve dieu kidn mdi tritdng
cho lao dong nd
Cac quy dinh ve an toan, ve sinh lao
ddng dUdc quy dinh tai Dieu 133 den Dieu
152, ChUdng IX, Bo luat Lao ddng nam
2012 Dieu 152, cd nhiing quy dinh di khi
xac lap quan he lao dong, ngUdi sii dung
lao dong (NSDLD) phai bd' tri cdng viec
phu hdp, dam bao an toan sUc khde ciia
NLD, trong qua trinh lao ddng ciing phai
cd trach nhidm tUdng Ung vdi viec dam
bao sUc khde cho LDN Dieu 160 Bo luat
Lao ddng nam 2012 quy dinh ve Cong viec
khdng ditdc sd dung lao ddng nd - day la
quy dinh mang tinh bat budc nham bao vd
tdi da sUc khde, tinh mang cho LDN, la sU
quan tam den vai trd va thien chUc lam
me cua ho; tuy nbidn, nhin v^ khia canh
Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI
khac, quy dinh nay cd the khien LDN mat
di cd hoi tim kid'm dUdc mot cdng viec co thu nhap dam bao, ban che' tuydn dung ddi vdi mot sd' ddi tUdng, dac biet la vdi nhUng lao ddng trinh dd chuyen mdn kem hoac nbUng ngUdi da lap gia dinh, sinh con, qua do tud'i sinh de mud'n tim kiem cdng viec vdi phu ca'p cao hdn de tang thu nhap Ben canh dd, Nghi dinh 45/2013/ND-CP cua Chinh phu ban hanh
ngay 10/05/2013 ve Quy dinh chi tie't mot so' dieu cua Bg luat Lao ddng ve thdi gid lam vide, thdi gid nghi ngdi va an toan lao dong, ve sinh lao dong cd mdt sd' quy dinh
hudng dan cu the cac quy dinh ndi trdn cua Bg luat Lao ddng
Kdm theo do la danh muc cdng vide khdng dudc s^ dung LDN, dUdc quy dinh tai Thdng tU so 26/2013/TT-BLDTBXH cua Bo Lao dong thuong binh va xa hoi Thdng tu 26 neu tren dUdc xay dUng tren
cd sd ke thiia chinh sach da dUdc ban hanh nham phu hdp vdi thUc te, tren quan di^m bao ve sUc khde cua LDN, dam bao tudi tho lao ddng, phong tranh nhiing rui ro sUc khde LDN, thai nhi va em be, cung nhu xem xet den cd hdi vide lam cua LDN
Ve CO ban, Thdng tU 26 khdng bd sung
them cac chUc danh mdi khdng dUdc sii
dung LDN so vdi Danh muc dUdc ban hanh tai Thdng tu lien tich so' 40/2011/TTLT - BLDTBXH - BYT ngay 28/12/2011 ciia Bd Lao ddng ThUdng binh va Xa hoi - Bo Y te' vg Quy dinh cac dieu kien lao ddng cd hai va cac cdng viec khdng dudc sii dung LDN, LDN cd thai hoac dang nudi con dudi 12 thang tuoi Ben canh dd, Cbinh p h i da ban hanh Nghi dinh so' 95/2013/ND CP
22/8/2013 quy dinh xii phat vi pham S
S6 8-2019
Trang 3chinh trong linh vUc lao ddng, bao hiem
xa hoi va dUa ngUdi lao dong Viet Nam
di lam viec d nUdc ngoai theo hdp ddng;
trong dd quy dinh tai Diem g, Khoan 2,
Dieu 18 vi pham quy dinh vd' sii dung lao
dong lam cdng viec khdng dUdc sii dung
LDN theo quy dinh tai Di^u 160 ciia Bp
luat Lao dong vdi mUc phat ttf 10 - 20
trieu ddng
Tai cac doanh nghiep (DN) tren dia
ban thanh pho' Ha Noi cd the tha'y, viec
dam bao an toan, ve sinh lao ddng, cai
thien di^u kidn va mdi trUdng lam viec
cho NLD dUdc quan tam, y thUc thUc thi
cac quy dinh ve an toan, vd sinh lao ddng
dUdc nang len Cac ngh^, cdng viec nang
nhpc doc hai, cac DN hl,u nhu khdng bd
tri LDN dam nhiem Nam 2014, cd 30.000
cd sd san xua't dUdc do kidm tra mdi
trUdng lam viec v6i gin 500.000 mau do,
trong dd: 11% so' mlu khdng dat tieu
chuan ve sinh cho phdp vdi phan Idn tU
cac yeu td' bui, rung va didn trUdng Vidn
Nghien ciiu Khoa hgc Ky thuat bao bg lao
dong ciing dUa ra ket qua sau kbi danh
gia ve tinh hinh d nhidm mdi trUdng tai
1.000 cd sd san xua't vdi 68% phan xudng
san xua't d nhiem nhidt, d nhidm bui vdi
20%, d nhidm hdi khi ddc hai vdi 17%, ,
rat nhieu phan xUdng d nhidm ddng thdi
tu 2 yd'u to' trd len Tinh trang d nhiem
mdi trUdng gay ra cac benh vdi ty le cao
nhu: viem miii, vidm xoang, viem phe'
quan, viem phoi (40,26%); cac benh dUdng
tieu boa (14,35%); benh v^ xUdng, cd,
khdp (12%)<^>
Ket qua phong va'n 300 ca nhan trong
cac DN thudc 5 nganh kinh te cho thay*^',
did'u kidn lao ddng (DKLD) cd anh hudng
xau den NLD Cd 46,8% sd'y kien dUgc hdi
cho rang d DN ciia ho cd yeu td DKLD gay anh hudng xa'u de'n sUc khde Cac yeu td gay anh hudng xa'u pho bien nha't xep theo thU tu nhu sau: Bui (70,4%); vi khi hau (ndng bUc khd chiu 53,7%; do am cao -23,1%), on (52,8%), rung (18,5%), hdi khi ddc (18,5%), cac yeu td khac (13%) Ben canh cac yeu td DKLD khdng thuan Idi, cdn mdt sd yeu to nguy hiem dd gay tai nan lao ddng trong qua trinh lam viec can dUdc cac DN quan tam de tranh nbUng tinh hud'ng xau cd the xay ra dd'i vdi sUc khoe cua NLD Trung binh, cd 92,1% ndi rang DN thudng xuyen cai tien hoac mgi ngUdi ciing tham gia cai tien lien tuc cac yeu td' DKLD, 7,5% y kien cho rang viec cai tien la khdng thudng xuyen va 0,4% cho rang DN khdng cai tid'n
Theo Bao cao tong hdp viec thuc bien chinh sach LDN nam 2018 Ha Ngi thi tha'y: Hien cd 77 DN lam viec trong mdi trUdng nang nhgc, doc hai nguy hidm, keo theo 3.734 LDN dang lam viec trong dd; Sd LDN lam cdng viec nang nhoc kbi mang thai tU thang thU 07, dUdc chuyen lam cdng viec nhe hdn hoac dUdc giam bdt 01 gid lam vide hang ngay ma van hUdng du lUdng la 333 ngUdi Tinh trang kha phd bien didn ra d cac
DN cd quy mo san xua't nho chinh la: Dieu kien lam viec cua cong nhan trUc tiep san xua't cham dUdc cai thien, tinh trang cong nhan phai lao dong thu cdng, nang nhgc, lam viec trong mdi trUdng khong dam bao
an toan, ve sinh lao ddng
"' Benh nghe nghiSp: Khong nen xem thudng!, Cong
thong tin dien tik Bo Y te
'^' Thuc hiSn trach nhiSm xa hoi trong Imh vifc an
toan, bao ve sUc khoe va bao ve moi trUdng cho ngiidi lao ddng d cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam, Cong thong tin
dien td Bo Lao dong - Thadng binh va Xa hoi
Trang 4Ve phitdng tien bao ve ca nhan trong
lao dong
De bao ve a n toan sUc khoe cua NLD t h i
t r a n g bi phUdng tien bao hp lao ddng cho
N L D la mot va'n de can dUdc q u a n t a m va
t h u c bien h a n g dau Day la nhiing bien
p h a p t r u e tie'p bao vd ddn t i n h m a n g va sUc
khde cua N L D n e n khdng co cac b i n h thUc
k h a c t h a y the', n h u p h a t tien, thoa t h u a n
khdng c i n sii dung
T r o n g cac D o a n h n g h i e p ngoai n h a
nUdc ( D N N N N ) , c h i n h sach ve b a o hp lao
dong cdn r a t b a n che', mdi cbi dUng lai d
viec c u n g ca'p q u a n ao bao hp va k h ^ u
t r a n g lao ddng Theo mot n g h i e n cUu cho
tha'y, cac phUdng t i e n ca n h a n dUdc ca'p
c h u y e u la: q u d n ao bao hp lao d d n g
(89,7%); k h ^ u t r a n g b a o bd lao d d n g
(57,1%), giay dep b a o hp lao ddng (50%);
g a n g t a y bao hd lao d d n g (57,1%); k i n h
bao hp lao ddng (21,7%) T u y vao d a c t h u
tUng DN, viec ca'p p h a t t r a n g t h i e t hi bao
bd la k h a c n h a u , cd D N d i n h ky 6
t h a n g A i n , cd DN 1 n a m / l ^ n ; ddi vdi cac
v a t d u n g cd dp b a o mdn n h a n h va gia
t h a n h r e t h i chii y e u dUdc p h a t t h e o
t h a n g hoac quy Ket q u a cho tha'y, ky
cap p h a t t h e o n a m cd ty le 67,5%; t h e o
quy la 19,3%; va t h e o t h a n g la 13,2%^-^'
Vay, t r u n g b i n h cac v a t d u n g dudc p h a t
h a n g n a m
B e n c a n h t r a c h n h i e m t r a n g bi p h u d n g
tien, h u d n g d i n sii dung, d i n h ky kiem t r a
cac phUdng t i e n bao vd ca n h a n t r o n g q u a
t r i n h l a m viec, NSDLD cdn p h a i td chUc
h u d n g d a n N L D sii d u n g t b a n b t h a o cac
phUdng t i e n dd trudc khi cap p h a t va k i e m
t r a c h a t che q u a t r i n h sii d u n g ciia NLD
T a i cac D N thupc 5 n g a n h k i n h te"^^' t h i
p h a n Idn cac DN q u a n t a m den viec t h i e t
Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI
l a p bd m a y p h u t r a c h cdng t a c an t o a n , bao ve sUc k h o e cho N L D , vdi 93,2% so y kien ddng y r a n g D N cd p h a n cdng l a n h dao p h u t r a c h va'n de n a y , t r o n g dd: n g a n h
D a Giay - D e t M a y la n h i e u y kien nha't vdi 97,6%, va t h a p nha't la Dich v u ThUdng M a i (84,3%); va cd t r u n g b i n h de'n 95,5% DN cd bd p h a n l a m cdng t a c a n toan, ve sinh lao ddng Dieu n a y cho tha'y,
D N thUc sU cd q u a n t a m de'n viec t h i e t lap
bd m a y l a m cdng t a c a n t o a n , ve s i n h lao ddng Ve cdng t a c hua'n l u y e n a n t o a n , ve
s i n h lao ddng, cd ra't it y k i e n cho r a n g
c h u a bao gid dUdc hua'n l u y e n a n t o a n , ve
s i n h lao ddng M d t so D N n g a n h Thiiy s a n
va Dich v u - ThUdng m a i dUdc hua'n l u y e n
t u 2 - 3 n a m m o t lan, d a sd' dUdc hua'n
l u y e n tU 6 t h a n g - 1 n a m / 1 l a n N h i n
c h u n g h a u h e t L D N d e u dupe t a p hua'n ve cac cdng t a c a n t o a n , ve s i n h lao dpng*^'
K e t q u a k h a o s a t ciia L i e n d o a n Lao ddng t h a n h phd' H a Ndi cbo t h a y , cac
d o a n h n g h i e p vCra v a n h o t r o n g cac l i n h VUc: xay dUng, dien, giao t h d n g v a t r o n g
k h u cdng n g h i e p (KCN) la cac D N c h u a
t h u c hien n g h i e m cac q u y d i n h c u a p h a p
l u a t ve a n t o a n , ve s i n h lao dong Cac Idi
vi p h a m chii ye'u: k h d n g kid'm t r a , t u siia
m a y mdc d i n h ky, k h d n g k i e m d i n h t h i e t
hi cd yeu c a u n g h i e m n g a t ve a n t o a n lao
<^> Hoang Thi Nga (2012), "Tac dong cua chinh sach xa hoi tdi ddi s^ng n a cong n h a n lao dong trong cac
doanh nghidp ngoai n h a nu6c hien nay" Tap chi Xa
hdi hgc, so'4 (120), tr.46 ' '
"' Thac hien trach nhien, „~ hoi trong Imh vuc an toan ban ve sue khoe va bao ve n,6, truing cho nguU
bo dong a cac doanh nghiep ViSt Nan, rg„„iu-
\-d i e „ r t B 6 L a „ \-d o „ g - T h ™ g M „ h v " x s M ' "
'" Thac Men trach nhiem xa hoi trong n„k toar, bao ve sctc khoe va bio ve „,6, trnon^\ "" "" lao dong i cac doanh nghiep Viet Nan, S l t " ^ "
ffien rt B6 Lao dong Thuong binh va Xa S "^ "
Trang 5-ddng trUdc khi dUa vao sii dung, khdng
hua'n luyen ANVSLD, Sd' lUdng ngUdi
lao dong dUdc huan luyen ve cdng tac an
toan, vd sinh lao ddng dat ty le tha'p so vdi
tdc dp chuyen dich cd ca'u lao ddng va cdn
nhieu NLD chUa dUdc tap hua'n
Cac DN trong KCN thi cho tha'y: tinh
trang NLD phai lao ddng thu cdng, nang
nhpc, lam viec vdi cac may mdc, thiet bi
lac hau chid'm ty le cao; van cdn nhieu DN,
nha't la khu vUc FDI khdng thudng xuyen
hua'n luydn ve an toan ve sinh lao ddng
(ATVSLD) cho NLD, vi pham phap luat ve
bao hp lao ddng NbUng DN sii dung nhieu
LDN ve gia cdng may quan ao, tui xach,
thudng tap trung san xua't trong cac nha
xUdng Idn vdi sd' lUdng len de'n hang nghin
ngUdi nhUng yeu cau ve dieu kien mdi
trUdng lam viec khdng dat yeu c^u, nhU:
nhiet dp, khong each ly dUdc mui ciia keo
dan hda chat, Tu the lam viec cua LDN
6 mot so' nganh nghe dac thu phai ngdi
lam vide vdi thdi gian dai, thao tac ddn
dieu, de gay met mdi, phat sinh cae benh
anh hudng de'n siic khde ciia LDN
Vdi thUc trang ve mdi trUdng, dieu kien
lao ddng va viec thUc hien cac quy dinh ve
an toan, ve sinh lao ddng nhu tren cbinh
la nguyen nhan din de'n nhieu nguy cd tai
nan lao ddng, benh nghe nghiep ddi vdi
LDN Theo thdng ke nam 2018, sd' ngUdi
mac benh nghe nghiep tren dia ban thanh
phd la 89 ngUdi, 6 thang dau nam 2018,
Ha Ndi dUng dau ca nUdc ve cd so' ngudi
chet vi tai nan lao ddng (TNLD) Nguyen
nhan chinh de xay ra tai nan lao ddng
chet ngudi tdi tU NSDLD chiem 50,7%
(khdng xay dUng quy trinh, bien phap lam
viec an toan; khdng hua'n luyen ATLD
hoac hua'n luyen chUa diy du; thidt hi
khdng dam bao ATLD; khdng trang bi phuong tien bao ve ca nhan trong lao ddng; do td chtic lao ddng va DKLD); tii NLD chiem 15,49% (vi pham quy trinh
quy chu^n ATLD; khdng sii dung phUdng
tien bao ve ca nhan); dac biet, khdng cd vu TNLD nao dupe chuyen hd sd de nghi khdi td'^\ Tuy nhien, con sd' thd'ng ke ke tren
la chUa cbinh xac, thUc te' cdn cd the nhieu hdn, so' DN bao cao tinh hinh TNLD chUa eao so vdi tong sd' DN dang boat ddng san xua't, kinh doanh Ha Ndi
la mot trong nhflng ndi bao cao sd' lieu chua d^y du, mdi nam chi cd khoang 10% DN bao cao ve cac vu tai nan lao ddng, cdn rat nhieu DN khdng bao cao bdi nhieu ly do nbu bg khdng xay ra tai nan lao ddng hoac cho rang nbUng vu TNLD la nho, khdng dang ke, khdng tinh la TNLD nen khdng can bao cao Tat ca cac vu tranh chap lao ddng va ngiing viec tap the xay ra khdng diing trinh tU, quy dinh cua pbap luat nbUng thudc pham vi quan he lao ddng va cd cd
sd pbap ly nen cd ban nbUng kien nghi cua NLD ve tien lUdng, tien thudng, phu ca'p, chat lupng bUa an ca, da dUdc
ngudi sii dung lao ddng dap Ung
Cac quy dinh khac ve dieu Iddn lam viec cho lao dong nd
Ben canh cac quy dinh ve an toan va ve sinh lao ddng ndi chung, phap luat lao ddng Viet Nam cd quy dinh ve nhUng dieu kien lam viec (DKLV) khac phuc vu cbo nbUng nhu cau thiet yeu cua LDN tai ndi lam viec Dieu 154 Bp luat Lao ddng 2012
<®' D^y mi tai nan lao dong, benh nghe nghiSp: Ttt
nhiing hoat dong ca the, thiet thuc, Bao Lao dong T h u
do Onhne
NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHU Q
Trang 6quy d i n h ngudi sii d u n g lao ddng ed n g h i a
v u bao d a m cd dii hudng t a m va hudng ve
s i n h p h u hdp tai ndi lam viec Khoan 4,
Dieu 7 cua Nghi dinh 85/2015/ND-CP quy
d i n h "NgUdi sii d u n g lao ddng lap d a t
phdng vat, trU sQa me p h u hpp vdi dieu
kien thUc te' tai ndi l a m viec, n h u cau cua
LDN va k h a n a n g cua ngUdi sii d u n g lao
ddng" Tuy nhien, n g a y s a u kbi Nghi dinh
85/2015/ND-CP dupe b a n h a n h t h i dUde
cac chuyen gia d a n h gia cao ve cac c h i n h
sach Uu dai L D N song ciing cd n h i e u y
kien ciing cbi r a mdt sd' vUdng mac k h i
thUc bien Nghi dinh nay Viec quy d i n h ve
viec budc d o a n h nghiep p h a i xay dUng n h a
t a m , phdng v a t trU sUa t r o n g k h u vUc D N
ra't khd de t h u c h i e n bdi thUc t e k h d n g c a n
t h i e t cd n h i e u loai phdng, loai buong d ta't
ca nhUng ndi ed sii d u n g LDN
H a n g n a m , cae ca'p cdng doan t h a n h
phd' H a Ngi deu phd'i hdp hieu q u a vdi
n h i e u cd quan, ddn vi to chUe cac boat
ddng t h a m k h a m , tU va'n, n a n g cao kie'n
thUc cham sdc sUc khde cho LDN Tai cae
DN, n h i n chung vide thUe hien cae quy
dinh ve an toan, vd sinh lao ddng, an t o a n
sUe khde, cham sdc sUe khde cho L D N
dupe q u a n t a m thUc hien DN cd cho t h a y
q u a n ao; n h a t a m vdi 46,8%; n h a vd s i n h
la 85,4% DN khdng cd chd t h a y q u a n ao
cho nU la 33,1%, khdng ed n h a t i m : 53,2%;
k h d n g cd n h a ve sinh 14,6% T a i nhUng
D N c h u ye'u t u y e n d u n g LDN n b u det m a y
t h i cd tdi 52,9% n h u c^u cd n h a t r e Cac
DN c h u t r g n g xay d u n g n h a ve sinh cho
NLD la 81,5%, k h o n g cd n h a ve s i n h la
18,5%; n h a t a m dUdc xay la 27,5%, cdn
DN k h d n g cd n h a t a m d ndi l a m viec
chie'm 72,5%; sii d u n g nude may chie'm t y
t r g n g 63,2%'^\ T u y nhien, theo Bao cao
Q ] N H A N LUC KHOA HOC XA HH
t o n g l u a n n a m 2012 D§" t a i C h a m sdc sdtc khde cho L D N t r o n g cac K C N va Vai t r d cua Cdng doan'^' t h i thUe t e cho tha'y: t y 1§
N L D dUdc k h a m sUe k h d e d i n h ky h a n g
n a m t h a p , t a p t r u n g c h u ye'u d cac D N n h o
va t u n h a n , n g u y e n n h a n chii ye'u do k i n h
p h i b a n h e p va sU q u a n t a m de'n siic k h d e
N L D chUa diing mUc Sd v u T N L D , s d ngUdi m a c b e n h n g h e n g h i e p va sd b e n h mdi ve n g h e cd x u hUdng n g a y c a n g t a n g
T r o n g dieu kien lao d d n g ndng, cac D N bo"
t r i cho cdng n h a n nUde u d n g , n h a v e s i n h nhUng lai chUa h d p ly bdi k h o a n g each
k h a xa so vdi vi t r i l a m vide; cd D N vdi dac
t h u s a n p h a m k h d n g dUde n h i e m ^ m n e n
k h d n g cbo p h e p N L D m a n g nUdc v a o k h u vUc l a m viec, hoac ed quy d i n h m d t d a y
c h u y e n chi cho p h e p 2 ngUdi di ve s i n h mot luc, a n h h u d n g Idn de'n siic k h d e c u a LDN Ve viec c h a m sdc sUc k h d e cho LDN,
m d t sd D N td chUe k h a m chi m a n g t i n h
b i n h thUc, k h d n g d u dieu k i e n de p h a t
h i e n b e n h t a t , chi cd t h e d u de p h a n loai sUc k h d e cho N L D
N a m 2017, ca nUdc cd g a n 2,2 t r i e u NLD dupe k h a m sUc k h d e d i n h k y t a i cae
cd sd y te' Ket q u a cho tha'y, N L D d a t siic khde loai 1 chiem 2 4 , 1 % ; loai I I va I I I la 68,4%; cdn lai la loai IV va V*^> Cac b e n h
n g h e nghidp t h u d n g mac: Hoi c h i i n g d a u bong, d a u lung, d a u b a vai, t h o a i h d a ddt
'^ Thuc hien trach nhi&m xa hoi trong Jmh vUc an
toan biove s & khoe va bao vd moi trudng cho ngUdi laa dong a cac doanh nghiep Viet Nan^, Cong thong t i n
dien t a Bo Lao dong - ThUdng b m h va Xa hoi
- B^o cao t6ng l u ^ n (2012), Chan s6c sUckkoe cho
LDN trong cac khu cong nghi§p va Vai ^ - '
V J ^ N Z ' '^""" ''"'• "™^ ""'^ ^°^" 1^:;;":
Trang 7song CO do tu the ngdi lam viec nhieu gid;
hien tUdng khung xUdng chau boat dong
kem do ngdi nhieu nen thudng phai md de;
viem dudng tiet nieu, sinh due do udng
qua it nUdc Trong khi chi cd 20,4% trong
tong so* hdn 61.000 cd sd lao ddng thuc
hidn bao eao ve mdi trUdng va siic khde
ngUdi lao dong cd lap ho sd ve sinh lao
ddng va chi cd 5.400 cd sd san xua't trien
khai quan trac mdi trUdng lao ddng Dieu
nay ndi len thUe trang chUa quan tam
dung mUc de'n siic khde NLD cua cac DN
Ndi chung, viec tuan thu quy dinh phap
luat ve ATLD, VSLD cua DN chUa
nghiem, NLD dUdc tap hua'n ve ATLD,
VSLD cd tang hdn trUdc nhUng van cdn
each xa so vdi toe do chuyen dich cd c^n
lao ddng Ben canh dd, chinh NLD ciing
thd d vdi sUc khde ban than, hg rat mu md
ve viec siic khoe hi anh hudng neu lam
viec trong mdi trUdng thieu an toan, bi d
nhidm, hoac neu dupc yeu cau kham bdnh
lai thi sd phat bien cd benh se anh hudng
de'n viec lam, thu nhap; do dd, hp khdng cd
kien nghi gi neu DN khdng lam trdn
nhiem vu trong viec bao dam sUc khde, an
toan lao ddng cho hg*^°'
Dam bao sUe khde cbo NLD nham nang
cao nang sua't lao ddng cdn the hidn qua
bfia an ca cua NLD tai DN, cha't lUdng eua
biia an ca cd anh hudng trUc tiep de'n an
toan siic khde cua NLD Theo khao sat cua
Lien doan Lao ddng Thanh phd' Ha Ngi"^',
cd khoang 95% NSDLD chi tra toan bp
tid'n an ca, 5% NLD phai tra mot phan,
nhiing ddn vi td chfic an ca tai chd deu cd
nha an, du dung cu che hie'n va bao quan
thUc pham tUdi sd'ng hoac da qua chd' bien,
thUe ph^m d^u vao deu cd ngudn gdc ro
rang Tuy nhien, cdng tae dam bao vd sinh
an toan thUc pham chUa dUpc coi trpng dan den nhieu vu ngd ddc anh hUdng true tiep de'n tinh mang va sUc khde cua NLD; khau phan an mdi ngay cua cdng nhan chi dap ling dUdc 90% nhu cdu dinh duong va nang lUdng cho lao ddng nam, 70% cho LDN, chat lUdng bUa an tha'p, cd cau khdng can doi, 72% la cha't bdt dudng, ngheo dam, beo, thiia hda chat bao quan, gay anh hudng de'n sUc khde NLD nhU: bi suy dinh dUdng, bao mdn sUc khde va anh hudng de'n chat lUdng lao ddng Trung binh mdi nam xay ra 17 vu ngp ddc thUe pham tu cac bep an tap the Giam sat chat lupng bUa an ca cua LDLD Thanh phd' Ha Ndi cho tha'y gia tri bUa an tha'p hdn so vdi yeu c^u cua Nghi quyet cua Tong LDLD Viet Nam, NLD chia se phai an vi ddi chU khdng tha'y ngon mieng Ly do DN dUa ra
la vi dang gap kho khan nen vide cai thien cha't lupng biia an ca cbo NLD la chUa kha thi; nhUng cd le, nguyen nhan khac ciing bdi vi Idi nhuan nen cac DN de cbo cac cd
sd cung ca'p thUe an cdng nghiep dung nhUng nguyen lidu, thUe pham trdi ndi,
re tien, khdng dam bao de che'bien biia an cbo NLD Ben canh do, tai Cong ty TNHH
Dd chdi CheeWah Viet Nam d KCN Phu Nghia xay ra tinh trang phan ra hai loai sua't an khac nhau cho lao ddng trUc tie'p
va lao ddng gian tiep gay ba't binh giUa NLD vdi nhau*^^' Trong yeu sacb dinh cdng thi bUa an ca dUng thU 2 trong sd cac
""' Benh nghe nghi&p: Khong nSn xem thudng!, Cong thong tin dien til Bo Y te
' " ' Ngoc Diep - Phildng Thoa (2017), Cac cap cong
doan Ha Noi cham lo bUa an ca cho cong nhin, https://baomoi.com/caccapcongdoanhanoicham -lo-bua -an-ca -cho-cong-nhan/c/2278325 7 epi
"^' BUa an ca cua ngudi lao ddng: Chat luang qua
thi'p!, Bao Ha Noi mfii online
NH&N LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI Q |
Trang 8ly do ciia cac eudc dinh cdng, va h^u het la
d cac DN khdng cd cdng doan'^^'
3 Danh gia chung ve viec thi h a n h
cac quy dinh cua phap luat lao dong
ve an toan, ve sinh lao dong cua lao
dong nii tai doanh nghiep d Ha Noi
Cac ket qua thu ditgc: (1) Nhin mdt
each tong the, cae DN da cd nhieu ed' gSng
trong viec dau tU trang thie't bi, cai thien
mdi trUdng, dieu kien lam viec Tuy nhien,
hieu biet ciia NLD ndi chung, LDN ndi
rieng ve va'n de an toan, ve sinh lao ddng
cdn ddn gian (2) Dang va Nha nUdc ed sU
tich cue trong vide xay dung ed sd phap ly
va cd che thUe thi nham bao vd LDN
trong va'n de an toan, ve sinh lao ddng, do
do dat dupe nhieu thanh tich, ket qua ve
viec bao ve LDN trong linh vUc an toan,
vd sinh lao ddng
Cac han che, ton tai: (1) H^u he't cac
DN ed be thdng may mdc, nha xudng cu
ky, lac hau, nhieu day chuyen cdng nghe
cd nhieu ba't cap gay anh hudng, nguy
hiem ve an toan va sUc khde cho NLD (2)
Hien tUdng vi pham ve an toan, ve sinh
lao ddng cdn didn ra phd hie'n trong cac
DN (3) Cac tai nan lao ddng, benh nghe
nghiep vin cdn tie'p diln, xay ra vdi LDN
(4) Cae quy dinh ve van de cham sdc sUc
khde cho LDN thuc hien chUa td't
Nguyen nhan:
(1) Do nbu cau ve thu nhap, dam bao
ddi sd'ng va ndi lo md't viec nen NLD ndi
chung, LDN ndi rieng thudng bd qua cae
va'n de lien quan de'n dieu kien lam viec
trong linh vUc an toan, ve sinh lao ddng
cua minh (2) Nguyen nhan xay ra tai
nan lao ddng, bdnh nghe nghiep ciing de'n
tu sU lac hau, cii ky ciia may mdc, thiet
bi (3) Do ngudn tai chinh ciia cac ban hd't
E Q N H A N LUC KHOA HOC XA Hfil
cac DN ndi chung cdn eo hep, cung vdi nhan thUe cua cac chu the trong quan he lao ddng ve an toan, ve sinh lao ddng eon ban che' nen chua cd sU quan tam diing mUc ve va'n de nay (4) Mdi trUdng va dieu kien lao ddng ddi vdi LDN chUa td't, va'n dd cai thien mdi trUdng, dieu kien lao ddng cdn phai phu thudc ve dieu kien tai chinh (5) Chua xay dUng dUdc mdt ed che thUc thi hieu qua chinh sach va phap luat
ve an toan lao dong, ve sinh lao ddng cho LDN ChUa quy dinh rd trach nhidm cua doanh nghiep trong viec tao ra cd che dam bao thuc hien cac quy dinh ddi vdi LDN cac can bd cdng doan nang lue ban che, ehUa cd nhan thiic diing vd vai trd eua viec dam bao an toan lao ddng, ve sinh lao ddng cho LDN trong lao ddng, tbieu ky nang thUe tidn (6) NhUng ban chd ve ngudn luc khien viec thUc hien cac chUdng trinh va chinh sacb dat hidu qua chua cao Ddi ngii can bd lam cdng tac binh dang gidi, dam bao an toan lao ddng,
ve sinh lao ddng cho LDN mdi dUdc hinh thanh, nen cdn ra't thieu ve sd' lUdng va han che ve chat lUpng Cong tac thd'ng ke, thdng tin bao cao cdn ra't nhidu khd khan
do chua binh thanh dUdc he thd'ng cd sd
du lidu tren cac linh vUc eua nganh; vide cha'p hanh chd' do bao eao chua nghiem, ehUa kip tbdi
4 Mot so giai p h a p
Thit nha't, ein cai thien hdn niia ve
mdi trudng lam viec va cae didu kien lidn quan nham ban che' nguy cd tai nan lao ddng, benh nghd nghiep cho L D N ' Dilu
'^^' Cac yeu sach dinh cong T r a n s thfi„ ,
T ^ g t a H8 tro pM J i n ouan hM „ d" ' V
quan he lao dong va tijn luong °°^' '^VC
Trang 9nay phu thudc ra't nhieu vao viec dau tU
cd sd vat cha't, trang thie't hi, cdng nghe
hien dai d cac doanh nghiep Tuy nhidn,
can chii y de'n vide phat sinh mot sd va'n
de mdi trong thdi dai cdng nghiep 4.0
bien nay nhU: viec thtfa lao ddng sau khi
ap dung cae cdng nghe hien dai, tidn
tidn; ngudn tai chinh d dau de doi mdi,
ap dung cong nghe mdi; cac chinh sach
thud cho cac cdng cu, may mdc nhap
khau, TU dd, can de ra cac cd che thdng
thoang, phii hdp nham muc dich tao dieu
kien thuan Idi, hdp ly, thich dang de
khuyen kbich doanh nghiep ddi mdi ve
cdng nghe
Thvt hai, nang cao hdn nUa ve nhan
thUc cua ngudi lao ddng ciing nhU ngUdi
sii dung lao ddng trong viec thuc hien
cac quy dinh ve an toan lao ddng, ve sinh
lao ddng
Thd ba, cac banh vi vi pham vd an
toan, ve sinh lao ddng can dUdc xii ly
that nghiem khac bdi tren thUc te, h^u
nhu cac vu truy ciiu trach nhiem hinh sU
eua nhUng ngUdi sii dung lao ddng ve
va'n dd nay la rat it
Tha tit, cac can bp lam cdng tac thanh
tra ciing can dUdc lien tuc cap nhat va
nang cao ve trinh do trong dieu kien cua
eudc each mang cdng nghiep 4.0, nham
dap ling nbu c^u nhieu mat cua hoat
ddng quan ly nha nUdc ve lao ddng ndi
chung va hoat ddng thanh tra an toan,
ve sinh lao ddng ndi rieng
Thd nam, nang cao nang lUc hoat
ddng va tuyen truyen van ddng cho
nhdm phu nU ndng cot Theo thie't ke
hien nay, mot nhdm 30 phu nU bao gdm
cac nU cdng nhan va phu nut nhap cU se
duoc thanh lap va dao tao de trd thanh
cac phu nU ndng cot tai dia phUdng, cd kha nang to chUe cac khdng gian trao ddi
va cung ca'p thdng tin, neu ra nhUng nhu cau cua phu nU lam viec trong cac DN Theo dd, can nang cao them nang luc cho nhom phu nii ndng ed't nay nhU ve ky nang td ehUc mdt budi sinh boat nhdm,
ky nang ve cdng tac xa hdi, tap hua'n ve
ky nang xvL ly thdng tin va ky nang trinh
bay, thuyet phuc de tham gia trong cac cupc dd'i thoai da ben
Thii sau, xay dUng ddi ngii can bg
ngudn Gdm khoang 60 ngUdi la cae can
bd lam vide tai cac trung tam y te, dich
vu xa hdi, hanh chinh dia phUdng, trung tam thong tin phap ly, hdi lien hiep phu nii va cdng doan dia phUdng Hg se dUdc dao tao, tap huan de trd thanh nhUng nhan to' chu chd't, ddng vai trd hd trd cac phu nU ndng cd't va dieu phdi cac trung tam cung ca'p thdng tin d ca'p ed sd Cae chu de tap hua'n se tap trung ve pbap luat lien quan de'n lao ddng nU, cham sdc sUc khoe, phdng cbd'ng bao lUc
5 Ket l u a n Qua nhUng phan tich, danh gia, nghien ciiu tren day cho tha'y, phap luat lao ddng d Viet Nam quy dinh kha ehi tie't, day du cac chinh sach ve an toan lao ddng, ve sinh lao ddng cua LDN Tuy nhien, v i n xay ra tinh trang ba't binh
dang, cdn phan biet doi xit va vi pham
trong viec thUc hien chinh sach vdi LDN Cac quy dinh cua phap luat ve dieu kien vat cha't d ndi lam viec hay nhUng chUa mang tinh kha thi Phap luat lao ddng Viet Nam cd nhieu quy dinh nham dam bao dieu kien lam viec phii hdp vdi LDN Viec thuc thi nhUng quy dinh ve dam bao
cd sd vat cha't cbo LDN hay nhUng khd
Trang 10thuc hien Viec dam bao thUc bien viec
khdng s^ dung LDN trong cac cdng viec
thudc Danh muc ca'm dUdc thUc hien
kha td't Tuy nhien, do cdng tac thanh
tra cdn ban che nen chua kip thdi phat
hien va xii ly cae vi pham Do do, can
xay dung cac giai phap ddng bd nham
nang cao hieu qua dieu chinh phap luat
lao ddng ve an toan lao ddng, ve sinh lao
ddng cho LDN Hy vpng, nhUng kd't qua
nghien cUu va phan tich eua tac gia se
cd ich trong viec nang cao hieu qua thuc
thi cac quy dinh ve an toan lao ddng, ve
sinh lao ddng cho LDN d doanh nghiep
tai Ha Ndi
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Bg Luat lao ddng2012
2 Nguyin HUu Chi (2005), Hoan thien,
thiic thi phap lu$t ve LDN trong doanh
nghiep ngoai nha nitdc, Nxb Tu phap
3 Hoang Thi Nga (2012), Tac dong cua
chinh sach xa hoi tdi ddi sd'ng nd cdng
nhan lao dong trong cac doanh nghiep
ngoai nha nitdc hien nay, Tap chi Xa bdi
hgc, sd 4(120)
4 Nguyin Hdng Ngpc (2012), Ve tuoi
nghi huu trong du thao Bg Luat lao ddng
(sda doi), Tap cbi nghien cUu lap phap
dien tii
5 Benh nghe nghiip: Khdng nen xem
thitdng! cdng thdng tin dien tii Bd Y te
6 Ha Ngi: Nang cao cdng tac an toan
vi sinh lao ddng, Cong thdng tin dien tii
Bg Y te
7 Ddy lui tai nan lao dong, bdnh nghe
nghiep: TU nhiing hoat dong cu the, thie't
thiic, Bao Lao ddng thu dd online
8 Cham lo cho ngitdi lao dong: Nhan van trong tiing hoat dong, Bao Lao ddng
thu do online
9 Gin 3.400 luat LDN ditdc truyen thdng vekien thUc svtc khoe sinh san, tinh than, Bao VTC news
10 Giam sat bUa an ca cua cdng nhin lao ddng - (Ky cuo'i) Khdng dUa nhiing chi phi khac vao chi phi bUa an ca, Cdng thdng tin dien tii Vien Khoa hoc An toan
va Ve sinh lao ddng Tong Lien doan lao ddng Viet Nam
11 Giam sat bUa an ca cua cong nhan lao ddng, Bao lao dong online
12 Ngg doc thiic pham gia tang, Bao
NgUdi Lao ddng online
13 Bda an ca cda ngudi lao ddng: Chat liidng qua thap!, Bao Ha Ngi Mdi online
14 Cac yeu sach dinh cdng, Trang thong tin dien txi Trung tam Hd trd phat
trien quan he lao ddng Cue quan h§ lao ddng va tien lUdng
15 Thiic hien trach nhiem xa hoi trong linh viic an toan, bao ve sUc khde
va bao vd mdi tritdng cho ngitdi lao dong
d cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam, Cong
thdng tin dien tii Bd Lao ddng - ThUdng binh va Xa hdi
16 Ngpc Didp - PhUdng Thoa (2017),
Cac cap cdng doan Ha Ngi cham lo bUa an
ca cho cdng nhan,
https://baomoi.comyeac- cap-cong-doan-ba~noi-cham-lo-bua-an-ca-cho-cong-nhan/e/22783257.epi
17 Bao cao tong luan, 2012, Cham sdc sdc khde cho LDN trong cac khu cdng nghiep va Vai tro cua Cdng doan
Ban Nii cdng Tong Lien doan lao ddng Viet Nam
Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHdl