van con nhiTng tnfdng hdp do Snh hifdng cua Iif tu'dng lac hau hoac do nhifng hoan canh khach quan khac ma ngu'di me lai cd hanh vi "vu't bd" hoac "giet" chinh du"a con cua minh sinh ra.
Trang 1TQI GIET HOAC VlfT BO CON M61 DE
THEO QUY DINH CUA BQ LUAT HINH SU 2015
t TRAN XUAN DUNG
T 6 M TAT:
Bai viet phan tich cdc yeu to' cau thanh cua toi giet hoac viJt bo con mdi de theo quy dinh cua Bo luat Hinh sU 2015 Ti^ do chi ra nhifng bat cap trong quy dinh cua dieu luSt va nhffng vu'dng m^c trong thifc tiln xet xu" loai toi nay, dong thdi de ra cac giai phap khac phuc
Ttf khoa: Giet, vut bo, con mdi de, Bg luat Hinh sif
l D ^ t v S n d d
Con cdi difdc xem nhif chat ket dinh tinh cam
cua mdi gia dinh M6i tr^ em sinh ra khdng chi
difdc hif6ng nhO'ng tinh cam dSc biet tit phia bd',
me, cac thanh v6n trong gia dinh ma con du'dc
ph^p luat b3o ve va ghi nhan nhifng quyen rieng
biet danh cho tre em Tuy nhien khong phai ta't ca
nhffng em be sinh ra deu difdc sd'ng trong vdng tay
y6u thifdng cua bd' me van con nhiTng tnfdng hdp
do Snh hifdng cua Iif tu'dng lac hau hoac do nhifng
hoan canh khach quan khac ma ngu'di me lai cd
hanh vi "vu't bd" hoac "giet" chinh du"a con cua
minh sinh ra Tdi giet hoac vift bo con mdi de difdc
quy dinh trong Bd luat Hinh sif 2015 (BLHS 2015)
nham muc dich bao ve qu>en ciia tre em dd'i vdi
chinh ngifdi me cua minh Tuy nhien tren thi/c te
van cdn nhifng vifdng mac, bat cap khi ap dung
dieu luat nay Bai viet difdi da> se phan tich quy
dinh cua phap luat ve loai tdi nay, chi ra nhifng bat
cap va hifdng hoan thien
2 C&'u thanh tOi pham cua t^i gi^'t ho$c vi^
bo con mdi de
Dieu 124 BLHS 201.^ quy dmh \ e Toi giet hoac
vdi bd con mdi de:
"/, NgUdi me nao do dnh hifdng nang nc c lia tif
tudng lac hdu hoac trong hoan canh khach quan ddc biet md giet con do minh de ra irong 07 ngay mdi thi bi phat lit tif 06 thdng de'n 03 nam
2 NgUdi me nao do dnh hudng nang ne cHa lU tudng lac hau hoac trong hodn canh khdch quan ddc biet ma vvft bo con do minh de ra trong 07 ngay ludi ddn den hau qua dvla ire chet, thi bi phat cdi tao khdng giam giU den 02 nam hoac bi phat (u tU
03 thdng den 02 nam"
2.1 Khdch the cua tQiphgm
Tdi giet hoac viJt bd con mdi de xam pham tdi mot trong nhifng khach the quan trpng bac nhat difdc phap luat Hinh su' bao \ e do la quyen sd'ng ciia con ngifdi Ngoai ra, tpi pham cdn xam pham
nghiem trong dao diJc xa hpi, do la tinh "mlu tit"
xam pham Cong u'dc qud'c te ve quyen tre em ma Viet Nam da phe chuan tham gia Tai Dieu 6 Cdng
Ifdc qud'c te ve quyIn dan s\t va chinh tn ciia con
ngifdi nam 1966 ghi nhan: "Moi ngifdi deu co quyen co hiTu la difdc song Quyen na^ phai difdc phap luat bao ve Khdng ai cd the bi tifdc doat mang song mot each tuy tien." Tre em la dd'i tifdng can phai difdc bao ve va cham sdc dac biet'va quyen ire em khdng chi difdc quv dinh trong phSp luat quoc gia ma con ca trong phap luat qud'c te'
Trang 2Tai Biiu 6 cua Cdng ifdc Lidn Hdp qud'c ve
quyen tre em quy dinh: "Cac qud'c gia thanh vien
thi^fa nhan rang mpi tre em deu cd quyen vdn cd la
difdc sd'ng" va "cac qud'c gia thanh vien phai bao
dam din mifc td'i da cd the difdc si^ sd'ng va phat
trien cua tre em" 6 Viet Nam, van de quyen tre
em difdc quy dinh trong mdt dao luat rieng do la
Luat Tre em nam 2016 Nhif vay, dii la phap luat
qud'c te hay phap luSt qud'c gia, van de ve bao ve
quyen tr^ em ludn du'dc cac nha lap phdp quan
tam, dat len hang dau
2.2 Mqt khdch quan cua tgi pham
Tdi gie't hoac viJf bo con mdi de cd cS'u thanh
tpi pham vat cha't Hanh vi giet eon mdi de du'dc
the hien difdi dang khdng hanh ddng pham tpi, the
hien bang cac hanh vi nhif bop cd, danh, tha ttf tren
xud'ng, dim xud'ng nu'dc, Mat khac, cac hanh vi
nay cdn bieu hien du'di dang khdng hanh ddng nhif
ngifdi me ciia difa tre khdng cho con minh bu sifa
vi nguyen nh^n nao dd; diJa be d'm ma khdng cho
dtfa be ud'ng thud'c dan de'n difa ire chet
Hanh vi vu't bd con mdi de dan den hau qua difa
tre chd't difdc bieu hien du'di dang hanh ddng nhif
vu't bd con minh d mot ndi nao do nhtf ngoai nghia
trang, cdng trifdng hpc, cdng benh vien, cdng nha
thd, nha chua, Day la trifdng hdp ngifdi me cd
thai dp tuy khong mong mud'n diJa tre chet nhu'ng
de mac cho hau qua xay ra' O dang hanh vi nay,
tpi giet hoac vift bd con mdi de bat budc phai cd
hau qua xay ra ta difa tre bi che't, ed the vi nhiTng
nguyen nhan khac nhau nhu" bi doi, ret hoac con
trijngcan,
Ve hau qua thiet hai, tdi giet hoac vi?t bd con
mdi de la tdi pham cd cS'u thanh vat chS't nen viec
xac dinh hau qua cua tdi pham cd y nghTa rat quan
trpng ddi vdi viec dinh tdi Theo do, neu chi cd
hanh vi ma hau qua cua hanh vi do chifa xay ra thi
cd nghia la miJc dp nguy hid'm cua hanh vi dd chifa
cao Khi hau qua xay ra la dt?a tre chet thi difdc
coi la tpi pham hoan thanh Trifdng hdp cdn lai,
neu ngu'di me chi co hanh vi giet nhu'ng h3u qua
chet ngifdi chUa xay ra thi difde coi la pham tdi
chi/a dat Dd'i vdi hanh vi vu't bd con mdi de dSn
de'n difa tre che't thi bat bupc phai cd hSu qua la
diJa tre che't thi mdi cau thanh tdi pham, con trifdng
hdp ngifdi me chi cd hanh vi vift bd diJa tre nhifng
dita tre khdng chet thi hanh vi do khong cau thanh tpi pham
2.3 Chu the cua tgipham
Tdi giet hoac vitt bd con mdi de la tpi pham cd chu the dac biet Chu the cua tdi pham nay ngoai viec thoa man cdc da'u hieu ehung do la phai cd nang li/c trach nhiem hinh sif va dat dd tudi chiu trach nhiem hinh sif theo quy dinh cua phap luat
thi cin phai cd nhu'ng da'u hieu dac biet khac theo
quy dinh cua dieu luat Dieu 124 BLHS 2015 da diing thuat ngi? la "ngu'di me nao" Nhif vay, cd th6' tha'y ngoai ngu'di me cua nan nhan ra, khdng ai
cd the la chu the cua tpi pham n^y, mSc du trong thifc teed the cd nhifng ngu'di cha ciing cd hanh vi gie't hoac vu't bd con mdi de dan de'n dtJa tre che't nhu'ng ngifdi cha lai khdng du'dc coi la chu the eua cua tpi gie't hoac vu't bd con mdi de
Cd nhiing tru'dng hdp ngifdi me hi che't ngay sau khi de, ngifdi cha lai la ngu'di dan toe thieu sd'
d vilng sau, vung xa, hoan canh khd khan khdng
cd kha nang nudi con nen da be^ con cua minh vao rCfng de hy vong cd ai di rifng mang ve nudi, nhifng ke't qua la difa be khdng cd ai mang ve nudi dan de'n diJa tre che't Trong tru'dng hdp nay, neu khdng truy ciJu trach nhiem hinh sif ngifdi cha vdi tpi gie't ngifdi, ma la gie't ngifdi du'di 16 tudi theo khoan 1 Dieu 123 se la khdng phii hdp vdi thifc te' cudc sd'ng-
Ngay ca dd'i vdi ngu'di me cung chi bj coi la chu the cua tdi nay khi ngu'di me do bi anh hifdng nang
ne cua tif tifdng lac hau hoac trong hoan canh khach quan dac biet ma budc phai gie't hoac vu't
bd con minh de ra Neu vi ly do khac ma gie't con minh vifa de ra thi khdng thudc tru'dng hdp pham tpi nay,
2.4 Mat chu quan cua tgi phgm
Tdi gie't hoac vift bd con mdi de difdc thifc hien vdi ldi ed' y, va difde bieu hien difdi hai hinh thu'c
la ldi co'y trifc tiep va ldi cd'y gian tiep Hien nay dang cd nhu'ng quan diem trai chieu nhau dd'i vdi viec xac dinh hinh thdc ldi dd'i vdi tpi vu't bd con mdi de Cd quan diem eho rang Idi cua chu the dd'i vdi tdi viJt bd con mdi de cd the la mdt trong hai hinh thiTc ldi neu tren Ngifdc lai, mot sd' quan diem khac lai cho rang ldi cua chu the d tpi vu't bd con mdi de chi cd the la ldi co y gian tiep
Trang 3mdi de Neu nhif trifdng hdp nay truy ciJu ngu'di bd'
vdi tdi gid't ngu'di, ma lai la gid't ngifdi du'di 16 tudi
thi se khong phii hdp Do vay, theo tac gia, nen bo
sung chu the la ngifdi me hoac ngu'di cha cua difa
tre
r/ii? ba, ve da'u hieu "anh hifdng nang ne cda
tif lu'dng lac halu phong kid'n" va da'u hieu "hoan
canh khach quan dac biet", day la hai yeu td' lam
nen dac trUng cua ngifdi me - chu the ciia tpi giet
hoac vift bd con mdi de Ve va'n de n^y, Nghi
quye't s6'04/1986/HDTP ngay 29/11/1986 cua Hpi
dong Tham phan Tda annhandanTo'icaocd quy
dinh nhif sau: "Chu the ciia tpi pham nay chi la
ngu'di me sinh ra difa tre Ngifdi me nay chiu anh
hu'dng nang ne cua tUlu'dng lac hau (nhif: khie'psd
tnfdc dif luan ehe bai ve viee mang thai va de con
ngoai gia thii, hoae trade du' Ian khac nghifit cua
nha chdng cho de con gai la tai hpa v.v )"
Theo dd, Nghi quye't nay khdng hifdng din cu
the va chi tie't th6' n^o la chiu anh hifdng nang ne
ciia t\i tifdng lac hau, ma chi neu ra nhiJng vf du
bang each liet ke hai tru'dng hdp la do khie'p sd
trtfdc du' luan che bai ve viec mang thai va de con
ngoai gia thu, hoac trifdc du" luSn khac nghiet cua
nha chdng cho de con gai la tai hpa Ngoai ra,
nhifng trifdng hdp khac ciing cd the coi la chiu anh
hifdng nang ne cua tif tu'dng lac hau Viee hu'dng
dan nhu' vSy dan de'n each hidu khdng thd'ng nhat
giffa cac cd quan ap dung phap luat Cho de'n thdi
diem hidn tai day la van ban duy nhat ap dung
tru'dng hdp nay
Dd'i vdi trifdng hdp do hoan canh khdch quan,
Nghi quyet 04/1986/HDTP eung cd hifdng d§n "bj
hoan canh khac quan dac bi^t chi phd'i (nhu': diJa
tre sinh ra cd di dang )" Day vln la hu'dng din
ehung ehung, chUa cu the ndn ra't khd ap dung
thd'ng nha't
De ap dung thd'ng nha't, nen cd van ban hifdng dSn ap dung chi tiet hai yeu to' nay trong ca'u thanh tpi giet hoac vu't bo con mdi de Tif tifdng lac hau
la tif tifdng san sinh ra trong xa hpi cu, cdn tdn tai trong xa hdi mdi, dong thdi ta nhifng tif lu'dng phan lien bp nay sinh trong qua trinh xay difng xa hdi mdi^ Anh hifdng nang ne cua tif lifdng lac hau la chiu anh hifdng eye ki Idn, lieu cifc tif nhifng tu' tifdng cu da ldi thdi, khdng cdn phu hdp vdi quan niem ve cudc sd'ng, 16'i sd'ng hi6n tai Hay ndi each khac, nhifng tif tifdng, nhifng quan niem sd'ng nay
da khong cdn phii hdp vdi xa hpi difdng thdi Cd the vi du nhu'tru'dng hdp ngu'di phu nif cd thai tnfdc thdi diem ket hdn la chuyen td'i ky, bi dif luan xa hpi cu ph6 phan va ten an
Tuy nhien, trong xa hpi ngay nay, viec cd con tru'dc hdn nhan da difdc xa hpi cd cai nhin khac
va khdng mang nang tif tifdng len an phe phan nhif trifdc nifa Viec ngu'di phu nif khdng chdng
ma cd con tnfdc day cung la chuyen td'i ky Tuy nhi6n ngay nay, va'n de dd da du'dc phap luat thifa nhan va bao hp nen ngu'di phu nu" khdng hi len an nang ne, chi irieh nhif trifdc day nifa Tuy vay,d nhifng vung que tif lu'dng "trpng nam khinh nij", "phep vua thua le lang" van con chi phd'i de'n tam sinh ly ngu'di pham tdi do dd can phai hifdng dan trifdng hdp ngu'di phu nif phai cd nhiing bieu hien cu the nhif tram ua't, lo lang, sd hai vi nhCfng tif lu'dng lac hau
Dd'i vdi trifdng hdp ma nguyen do vi hoan canh khach quan dac biet thi can cd nhiing dinh nghia, hu'dng dan cu the hdn hoan canh khach quan dac biet la gi Vi du trifdng hdp Hoan canh khach quan dac biet nhuf ngifdi phu nil de eon ra bi di tat qua nang hoac trong tinh trang mot than mot minh, qua ngheo ddi khong dii tien de nudi sd'ng chinh minh,
dang bi benh tat ^ •
TAI LI(:U TRICH DAN:
' Cao Thi Canh - L6 Dang Doanh (Dong chu bien), Binh luan khoa hoc Bd luat Hinh sU 2015, NXB Hong Difc nam
20l7.tr 223
-Dinh van Que, "Binh luan khoa hpc Ba luat Hinh si(20l5" NXB Thong tin va Tru> en thong
' Nguyen Ngoc Hda (chiJ bien), "B'mh ludn kiwa hoc Bo luat hinh su 2015 (phan cac igi pham)" NXB Tif phap,
2018.tr 74
Trang 4•• Nguyen Ngoc Hoa (chu bien), -Binh luan khoa hoc Bo luat hinh six 2015 {phan cac ldi pham)" NXB Tir phap
2018 ir 74
^•^ Tan Trucfng (2020), Ngifdi me nhin tam bo con viira smh d ho gas difdi nang nong doi dien ban an nSo^ https://baomot.com/nguoi-me-nhan-tam-bo-con~vua'Sinh-o-ho-gas-duoi-nangiiong-doi-dien'ban-an-nao/c/ 3534ll6S.epi
'Khac phuc tif tifdng lac hau trong con ngifdi Viet Nam hien nay Tap chi Cong sdnof\\ine
• Tieu Dao (2018), Tim hieu npi dung Dieu 124 BLHS nam 2015 ve "Toi giet hoac viit bo con mdi de",
https://conganquanghinh.gov vn/tim-hieu-tioi-dung-dieu-124-blhs-nam-2015-ve-toi-giet-hoac-yut-bo-con-moi-de/
TAI L i e u THAM KHAO:
1 Quoc hoi (2017), Bo luat Hinh sit 2015 (sijfa dot, bo sung 2017)
2 Toa 3n nhan dan toi cao (1986), Nghi quyet soOtHDTPTANDTC/NQ ngay 29/11/1986 ciia HDTP TANDTC ve huing dan dp dung mot so quy dinh trong phan cic toi pham cda BLHS
3 Dai hoi dong Lien hiep quoc (1966) Cong udc quoc leve quyen dan sit va chinh tri con ngudi 1966
Ngay nhan bai: 15/6/2020
Ngay phan bi^n danh gia va su'a chiJa: 26/6/2020
Ngay cha'p nhin dSng bai: 5/7/2020
Thong tin tac gia:
TRAN XUAN DUNG
Tong cue Chinh tri Quan d^i nhan dan Vi$t Nam
THE CRIME OF MURDERING
OR ABANDONING NEWBORNS UNDER THE 2015 CRIMINAL CODE
• TI?AN XUAN DUNG General Political Department, the People's Army of Vietnam
ABSTRACT:
Abstract: Thi.s article analyzes the constituents of the crime of murdering or abandonine a
newborn under the proiisions of the 2015 Criminal Code This aiticle points out so
inadequacies of the law and the obstacles to practice when judging diis kind of cri
proposes solutions
Keyword: Murdering, abandoning, newborn Criminal Code