Khoan 1, Dieu 109, L u a t T d ' t u n g h a n h chinh ndm 2010 quy dinh ve viec Toa a n tra lai ddn khdi kien trong nhflng trfldng hdp sau: "a Ngitdi khdi kien khdng cd quyen khdi kien
Trang 1MOT SO Y KIEN VE TRITONG HCJP TRA LAI DON
HANH CHINH NAM 2015
LEPHUONGTHANH'"'
Tdm tat: Tni lai ddn khdi kien la mat trong nhiing van de phap ly rat quan trpng trong linh vUc toting ndi chung, linh vUc td'tung hanh chinh noi rieng Xua't phat tit ban ch^'t cUa cac tranh chap hdnh chinh, quy dinh phap lu$t ve tra lai dan khdi kien vu an hanh chinh neu khong hgp ly cung nhif viec thgc thi cac quy dinh do khong co can cii se dan den he qua phap ly nghiem trgng anh hudng din quyen va Igi ich hdp phap ciia ca quan to chiic ca nhan Igi ich cua Nhk nifdc Trong ph^ai vi bAi Viet, tac gia phan tich mgt so'van de con ton tai trong quy dinh phap luat ve tra lai dan khdi kien theo quy dinh cua Luat td'tung hanh chinh n^m 2015
Tif khoa: TrUdng hdp tra lai dan khdi kien; Luat To tung hanh chinh n&m 2015
Abstract: The return of lawsuit petition is one of the important issues in legal procedures in general and administrative procedures in particular From the nature of administrative r,-i.-;('s unsuitable provisions on the return of lawsuit petition as well as unreasonable implementation of these provisions would lead to serious legal consequences, affecting the rights and benefits of organizations, individuals and the state In this article, the author analyzed limitations in current provisions on thv return of lawsuit petition according to the 2015 Law on Administrative Procedures Keywords: Return of lawsuit petition: 2015 Law on Administrative Procedures
NgaynhSn bAi: 10/3/2020: Ngay sda bai: 15/4/2020: Ngay du\ et dSng bai: 15/5/2020
De CO the bao ve quyen va Idi ich hdp vu an hanh chinh (VAHC) cua cd quan, td phap ciia cac cd quan, to chflc, ca nhan chflc, ca nhan ddi vdi quyet dinh hdnh khoi sfl xam pham tfl phia cd quan hanh chinh, hanh vi hanh chinh trong hau he't chinh nha nfldc, cac qud'c gia hien dai deu cac Hnh vuc trong quan ly hdnh chinh nha
cd cd che cho phep cd quan, to' chflc, ca nfldc, song quy dinh lien quan den tra lai nhan khdi kien quye't dinh hdnh chinh, ddn khdi kien VAHC vdn cdn tdn tai vfldng hdnh vi hanh chinh cua cd quan hanh mdc tren thflc te' ap dung Vi vay, viec chinh nha nfldc ra toa an Ben canh dd, nghien cflu de chi ra nhflng ban che vd phap luat cac nfldc ndi chung, phap luat kie'n nghi hoan thien cac quy dinh cua Viet Nam ndi rieng deu quy dinh nhflng Luat To' tung hanh chinh ve tra lai ddn trfldng hdp Tod an cd the tfl chd'i phan xii khdi kien VAHC Id can thie't
cac tranh cha'p hanh chinh tren cd sd dieu 1 Khai q u a t chung ve t r a lai dfln kien chinh tri - kinh te' - xa hdi nhdm dam khcrt kien vu an hanh chinh theo Luat bao trat tfl phap luat, trat tfl xa hpi cua To tung hanh chinh nam 2015
tiing qudc gia 6 Viet Nam, mac du Luat Luat To tung hanh chinh nam 2015
Tdtung hanh chinh nam 2015 da cd nhiing
hoan thien so vdi Luat To tung hanh chinh ,., ^ ^ ^.^^ ^.^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^.^ ^.^ j^ ^ _
ndm 2010 nham bao dam quyen khdi kien Email: thanhlp tksegmail com
Trang 2dfldc Qudc hoi t h d n g qua ngay 25 t h a n g 11
n a m 2(115, t a i Ky hpp thfl 10 Qudc hdi
Khda XIII cd hieu Iflc tfl ngay 01/7/2016
vdi nhieu npi d u n g dfldc -^fla ddi bo sung,
da k h a c phuc nhflng b a n che cua Luat Td'
t u n g h d n h chinh n a m 2010, phu hdp vdi
dieu kien kinh te - xa hpi cua nfldc ta
t r o n g giai doan hien nay, ciing nhfl xu
hfldng lap p h a p tien tien n h d m dap flng
yt'u cau xay dflng n h a nfldc p h a p quyen xa
hdi chii nghia \'iet Nam Quy dinh t r a lai
ddn khdi kien VAHC trong p h a p luat to'
t u n g h a n h c h m h ddng vai trd la mdt k e n h
q u a n trpng, nhfl mdt "phin lpc", giup Tda
an giam tai viec giai quyet cac \ AHC
khdng can thiet - nhflng \ A H C ma viec
giai quyet nhflng \ ' A H C dd khong cd y
nghia, hodc neu Tda an t h u ly giai quyet
cd t h e se lam a n h hfldng tdi t r a t tfl p h a p
ludt, t r a t tfl xa hdi t r a t tfl q u a n ly h a n h
chinh n h a nfldc
Khoan 1, Dieu 109, L u a t T d ' t u n g h a n h
chinh ndm 2010 quy dinh ve viec Toa a n
tra lai ddn khdi kien trong nhflng trfldng
hdp sau:
"a) Ngitdi khdi kien khdng cd quyen
khdi kien:
b) Ngitdi khdi kiin khdng cd du nang
lgc hanh vi td tung hanh chinh:
c) Tbdi hieu khdi kiin da hit ma khdng
cd ly do chinh dang:
d) Cbifa cd du dieu kiin khdi kiin vu an
hanh chinh:
d) Su vice da difgc giai quyi't bAng ban
an ho$c qu\ et dinh cda Toa an da cd hieu
lgc phap luAt:
e) Su viec khong thudc tham quyen giai
quyet cua Toa an:
g) Ngifdi khdi kien Iga chgn giai quyi't
\-u viec theo thu tuc giai qu.ref khii'u nai
trong trifdng hgp quy dinh tai Dieu 31 cua
Luat nav:
h) Dan khdi kiin khdng cd du ngi dung quy dinh tai khoan 1 Dieu 105 cin Uiat nay ma khdng difgc ngifdi khdi kien sfl.J doi, bo sung theo quy dinh t.-ii Diiu Uh"^ cda Luat nay:
i) Hit thdi han difgc thdn^: b;w quy f^/"^ tai khoan 1 Dieu 111 cun Luat nay ma ngitdi khdi kien khdng xud't trinh bien hu nop tien tam dng an phi cho Toa an, trii trifdng hgp cd 1\' do chinh dang.''
L u a t T d ' t u n g h a n h c h i n h n a m 2015 quy dinh cac trfldng hdp T h d m p h a n t r a lai ddn khdi kien tai k h o a n 1 Dieu 123:
"a) Ngitdi khdi kiin khdng cd quyen khdi kiin:
b) Ngitai khdi kien khdng cd nang lgc hanh vi to tgng hanh chinh day du; c) Trifdng hgp phap luat cd quy dinh ve dieu kiin khdi kien nhifng ngifdi khdi kien
da khdi kien den Tda an khi cdn thii'u mgt trong cac dieu kiin dd;
d) Sg viec da difgc giai quyi't bAng ban
an hoac quye't dinh cua Tda an da cd hiiu lgc phap luat;
d) Sg viic khdng thugc tham quyen giai quyi't cda Tda an;
e) Ngitdi khdi kiin Iga chgn giai quye't
vu viic theo thd tuc giai quye't khii'u nai trong trifdng hgp quy dinh tai Dieu 33 cua Luat nay;
g) Dan khai kiin khdng cd du ngi dung quy dinh tai khoan 1 Diiu 118 cua Ludt nay ma khdng difgc ngitdi khdi kien sda doi, ho sung theo quy dinh tai Dieu 122 cda Luat nay;
h) Hi't thdi ban difgc thdng hao quy dinh tai khoan 1 Diiu 125 cda Luat ijay m a ngifdi khdi kiin khdng xuat trinh biin lai nop tien tam dng an phi cho Tda an, trd trifdng hgp ngifdi khai kien difgc mien nop tien tam dng an phi, khdng phai nop tien tam dng an phi ho$c cd ly do chinh dang "
Q NHAN Lire KHOA HOC XA H$l
Trang 3Cd the thd'y, ben canh thay doi ve cau
chfl cho phu hdp, c h u ^ xac (nhfl trfldng
hdp "Ngitdi khdi kiin khdng cd dd nang
lgc hanh vi to' tung hanh chinh" thanh
"Sgitai khdi kiin khdng cd nang lgc hanh
vi td'tung hanh chinh day du", trfldng hdp
"Chita cd du dieu kien khdi kien vu an
hanh chinh" thanh "Tnfdng hgp phap luat
cd quy dinh ve diiu kien khdi kiin nhiing
ngifdi khdi kiin da khdi kiin den Tda an
khi cdn thii'u mgt trong cac dieu kien dd'),
mpt so' thay doi trong quy dinh ve cac
trfldng hdp tra lai ddn khdi kien nhfl sau:
Thd nh^'t, cu thd hda th^m quyen tra
lai ddn la cua Tham phan chfl khdng phai
ciia Tda an Quy dinh nhfl vay la hdp ly,
dam bao tinh chu dpng, ddc lap va che dp
chiu trach nhiem ciia Tham phan trong
viec giai quyet cac VAHC
Thd hai, cu the hda mdt so' trfldng hdp
ngoai le trong trfldng hdp tra Iai ddn khdi
kien vi ly do he't thdi han dfldc thdng bao ve
vide nop tam flng dn phi theo quy dinh phap
luat ma ngfldi khdi kien khong xua't trinh
bien lai nop tien tam flng an phi cho Tda an
Thd ba, bai bd trfldng hdp tra lai ddn
khdi kien vdi ly do "thdi hieu da bet ma
khdng cd ly do chinh dang" (diem c khoan 1
Dieu 109 Luat To' tung hanh chinh nam
2010) Day cung la sfl thay doi ldn nha't
trong va'n de tra lai ddn khdi kien; dong
thdi chinh sfl loai bo trfldng hdp tra lai ddn
khdi kien vi ly do thdi hieu khdi kien da het
ddn de'n mdt so' y kie'n khac nhau, cung
nhfl nhflng each xii ly ddn khdi kien VAHC
het thdi hieu khac nhau tren thflc te
Khoan 2, Dieu 116 Luat Td'tung hanh
chinh ndm 2015 quy dinh thdi hieu khdi
kien ddi vdi mot so'trfldng hpp nhfl sau:
- 01 nam ke tfl ngay nhan dfldc hoac biet
dfldc quyet dinh hanh chinh hanh vi hanh
chinh, quyet dinh ky luat bupc thdi viec
- 30 ngay kd tfl ngay nhan dflcJc qu\ et dinh giai quyet khieu nai ve quyet dinh xiJf
ly vu viec canh tranh
Trfldng hdp \i sfl kien ba't kha khang hoac trd ngai khach quan khac lam cho ngfldi khdi kien khdng khdi kien dfldc trong thdi ban quy dinh trong hai trfldng hdp tren thi thdi gian cd sfl kien bd't kha khang hoac trd ngai khach quan khac khdng tinh vdo thdi hieu khdi kien
- Tfl ngay nhan dfldc thdng bao ket qua giai qu\et khieu nai cua cd quan lap danh sdch cfl tri hoac ket thuc thdi ban giai quyet khieu nai ma khdng nhan dfldc thdng bao ke't qua giai quyet khieu nai cua cd quan lap danh sach cii tri de'n trfldc ngay bau cfl 05 ngay
Ben canh dd, trfldng hdp dfldng sfl khie'u nai theo dung quy dinh cua phap ludt de'n cd quan nha nfldc, ngfldi cd tham quyen giai quye't khie'u nai thi thdi hieu khdi kien dflpc tinh: 01 nam ke tfl ngay nhdn dfldc hoac biet dfldc quyet dinh giai quye't khie'u nai ldn dau hoac quyet dinh giai quye't khie'u nai lan hai;
01 nam kd tfl ngay bet thdi ban giai quye't khieu nai theo quy dinh cua phap ludt ma cd quan nha nfldc, ngfldi cd tham quyen khdng giai qu\et vd khdng cd van ban tra ldi cho ngfldi khieii nai (khoan 3, Dieu 116 Luat To' tung hanh chinh nam 2015)
2 Bat cap trong t r a lai ddn khdri kien vu an hanh chinh theo Luat To
t u n g hanh chinh nam 2015 Luat To tung hdnh chinh nam 2015 khdng cdn quy dinh viec tra lai ddn vdi ly
do thdi hieu khdi kien da he't, nhieu y kie'n cho rdng nd dong nghia vdi viec Tham phan phai thu ly giai quyet ca cac tranh chap da het thdi hieu khdi kien - cac tranh chap ma chii the cd quyen da mat quyen khdi kien Cu the Thdim phan vdn thu ly ddi vdi cdc trfldng hdp:
Trang 4- Cd quan td chflc ca nhan nhan dfldc
hoac biet dfldc quyet dinh hanh chinh
hanh vi hanh chinh, quyet dinh ky luat
budc thdi viec nhflng hdn 01 ndm sau mdi
khdi kien
- Td chflc, ca nhan nhan dfldc quyet
dinh giai quyet khieu nai ve quyet dinh xfl
ly vu viec canh tranh nhflng hdn 30 ngay
sau mdi khdi kien
- Ca nhan ngay trfldc ngay bau cfl Dai
bieu Qudc hoi Dai bieu Hpi dong nhan
dan van cd the khdi kien danh sach cii tri
vd vdn dfldc Tham phan thu ly
Luat Td' tung hanh chi'nh nam 2015
khdng cdn quy dinh "thdi hieu khdi kien
da hot" la mdt trong nhflng can cfl tra lai
ddn khdi kien tai khoan 1, Dieu 123 ddn
de'n quan didm cho rdng Tda an van tie'n
hanh thu ly vu an hanh chinh theo thii tuc
chung, theo dd, sau khi nhan ddn khdi
kien vd tai lieu, chflng cfl kem theo neu
xet tha'y thudc tham quyen giai quyet cua
Tda dn va khdng thudc cac trfldng hdp tra
lai ddn khdi kien theo quy dinh ciia Luat
td tung hanh chinh nam 2015 thi Tham
phan thflc hien cac thu tuc luat dinh dd
thu ly vu an Trong trfldng hdp nay mac
dfl xac dinh thdi hieu khdi kien da he't
nhflng Tda an khdng the tie'n hdnh tra lai
ddn khdi kien, bdi theo quy dinh cua Luat
td tung hdnh chinh nam 2015 ve cac
trfldng hdp tra Iai ddn khdi kien thi khdng
cd quy dinh tra lai ddn khdi kien do "het
thdi hieu khdi kien ma khdng cd ly do
chinh dang" Ndi each khac, Tda an khdng
cd cdn cfl dd tra Iai ddn khdi kien, \i vay,
can tien hanh thu ly vu an hanh chinh sau
dd ra quyet dinh dinh chi giai quyet vu an
theo quy dinh tai diem g khoan 1 Dieu 143
Luat Td'tung hdnh chinh nam 2015 Quan
diem nay can cfl vao khoan 1, Dieu 123 va
diem g khoan 1 Dieu 143 Luat To' tung
Q NHAN LUt KHOA HOC XA HOI
hanh chinh nam 2015 cho rang do N;H' dinh viec khdi kien vu an hanh chinh het thdi hieu hay chfla trong nhieu trfldng hdp phai dfla vao tai lieu chflng cfl ddi dap cac ben, cdn khi nop ddn khdi kien thi ngfldi khdi kien nop ddn va cac tai lieu khac de chflng minh "quyen khdi kien" vd viec ra quyet dinh dinh chi giai quyet vu an la de khang dinh ngfldi khdi kien mat quyen khdi kien theo Dieu 116 Luat To tung hanh chinh nam 2015 Dong thdi mpt so y kien cdn cho rdng Toa an can thu ly cac tranh cha'p he't thdi hieu khdi kien la bdi ne'u vi Iy do he't thdi hieu khdi kien ma tra lai ddn khdi kien, khdng thu ly vu an la thiet thdi cho ngfldi khdi kidn, tfldc di quyen khdi kien ciia dfldng sfl
Mpt so'y kie'n khac cho rdng quan diem vd giai thich tren chfla thflc sfl hdp ly Lap ludn ciia chflng tdi de giai thich quan diem nay dfldc the hien vdi npi dung cd ban nhfl sau:
Mgt la, tie'p can quy dinh phap luat
theo quan diem nhfl tren ddn de'n mot so' va'n de Trong dd, cd the nhan tha'y quy dinh ve" thdi hieu khdi kien va quy dinh lien quan de'n thu ly VAHC trong Luat To" tung hanh chinh nam 2015 se mau thuin nhau Bdi Tda an se phai thu ly td't ca cac tranh cha'p he't thdi hieu khdi kien, nghia
la cac chu the cd quyen khdi kien vdn cd quyen khdi kien khi thdi hieu khdi kidn da he't, chfl khdng phai ma't quyen khdi kien nhfl khoan 1 Dieu 116 Luat Td'tung hanh
chinh nam 2015 quy dinh "Tbdi hiiu khdi
kien la thdi han ma ca quan, to chdc ca nhan ditgc quyin khdi kiin di'yeu cau Toa
an giai quye't vu an hanh chinh bao ve quyen va Igi ich hgp phap bi xam pham; neu thdi han do ke't thuc thi mat quyen khdi kien"
Hai la, ve mat thu tuc can thay rdng
sau khi thu ly nhflng tranh cbd'p hanh
Trang 5chi'nh he't thdi hieu khdi kien, cu t h e la d
giai doan c h u ^ bi xet xii, Toa a n se tie'n
h i n h xac minh, t h u t h a p chflng cfl, n g h i e n
cflu ho sd vu an de cd t h e giai q u y e t vu
an mdt each chinh xac, n h a n h chong Ciing
d giai doan nay, khi xem xet giai quye't
VAHC, mpt trong nhflng trfldng hdp dinh
chi giai quyet vu an Id "thdi hieu khdi kiin
da hef (diem g, khoan 1, Dieu 143 L u a t To'
tung hdnh chinh n a m 2015) Viec dinh chi
giai quye't VAHC vi ly do da h e t thdi hieu
khdi kien nghia la Tda an se khdng xem xdt
den yeu cdu cua ngfldi khdi kien cd cdn cfl
hay khdng, ndi d u n g vu an nhfl t h e nao
ma chl ra quyet dinh chd'm dflt giai quyet
vu an Ndi each khac, viec dinh chi giai
quyet VAHC ndi c h u n g vd viec dinh chi giai
quyet VAHC vi ly do thdi hieu khdi kien da
het ndi rieng Id viec Tda an giai quye't vu dn
bang phfldng thflc tfl chdi p h a n xii t r a n h
cha'p, khdng ap dung p h a p l u a t ndi dung de
phan xfl t r a n h chap gifla cac ben Nhfl vay
viec dam bao quyen khdi kien ciia ngfldi
khdi kien hay khdng "tfldc di quyen khdi
kien cua dfldng sfl" bdng each bai bd trfldng
hdp tra lai ddn vi ly do het thdi hieu khdi
kien chfla thflc sfl cd y nghia
Ba la, viec tfldc h a y khdng tfldc di
quyen khdi kien ciia dfldng sfl k h d n g p h a i
chi ndm b phia Tda an - cd q u a n cd t h a m
quyen giai quyet t r a n h c h a p h a n h c h i n h
-hay quy d i n h cua p h a p l u a t , m a cdn n d m cl
chinh b a n t h a n dfldng sfl cu t h e la ngfldi
khdi kien Viec quy d i n h ve thdi hieu khdi
kien tai k h o a n 1 Dieu 116 L u a t To' t u n g
hanh chinh n d m 2015 la hdp ly, d a m bao
ngfldi chiu tac dong ciia quyet dinh h a n h
chi'nh, h a n h vi h a n h chinh q u y e t dinh ky
luat bupc thdi viec q u y e t dinh giai q u y e t
khieu n a i ve quyet dinh xfl ly v u viec canh
tranh, d a n h s a c h cii t r i cd t r a c h n h i e m vdi
chinh b a n t h a n m i n h , d a t r a mot k h o a n g
thdi gian hdp ly de mdt ngfldi cd thd veu cdu Tda a n bao ve quyen va ldi ich hdp
p h a p cua minh Hdn nfla, chinh ngfldi bi tac dpng ciia cac quye't dinh h a n h chinh,
h a n h vi h a n h chinh t r e n cung phai n h a n thflc dfldc viec yeu cdu giai quyet t r a n h cha'p c a n g sdm thi quyen vd ldi ich hdp
p h a p cua hp c a n g dfldc khdi phuc, d a m bao
d l d a n g va n h a n h chdng hdn Viec biet quyen va ldi ich hdp p h a p hi xam p h a m nhflng khdng yeu cdu giai quye't t r a n h cha'p, d gdc dp nao dd, cung cd t h e dfldc coi
la viec hp tfl tfldc di quyen khdi kien ciia
m i n h Va nhfl vay thi p h a p luat c a n g khdng cd ly do gi dd "bao d a m quyen khdi kien cua dfldng sfl" bdng viec bai bd trfldng hdp t r a lai ddn vi ly do bet thdi hieu khdi kien; cflng bdi de'n day, viec "bao
d a m quyen khdi kien cua dfldng sir" khdng thflc sfl cd y nghia nhfl da t r i n h bay d tren Ngoai viec vd tinh Idm cho quy dinh ve thdi hieu khdi kien tai Dieu 116, L u a t To
t u n g h a n h chinh nSm 2015 m a u t h u a n vdi quy dinh ve t r a lai ddn khdi kien va t h u ly VAHC lan Ifldt tai cac Dieu 123, 125 L u a t To' t u n g h a n h chinh n a m 2015, each hieu
"he't thdi hieu khdi kien khdng la Iy do t r a lai ddn khdi kien" cdn gay m a u t h u d n ngay t r o n g chinh Dieu 123, L u a t Td t u n g
h a n h chinh ndm 2015 ve tra lai ddn khdi kien Mpt t r o n g nhflng trfldng hdp T h a m
p h a n t r a lai ddn khdi kien VAHC la "ngifdi
khdi kien khdng cd quyen khdi kiin" (diem
a k h o a n 1, Dieu 123) Trong khoa hpc
p h a p l u a t td' t u n g h a n h chinh, ngfldi khdi kien khdng co quyen khdi kien dfldc hieu
la ngfldi khdng cd quyen va ldi ich hdp
p h a p hi x a m p h a m Chieu theo Dieu 115,
L u a t To' t u n g h a n h chinh ndm 2015 quy dinh ve quyen khdi kien vu an:
"1 Ca quan to chdc, ca nhan cd quyen khdi kiin vu an ddi vdi quyi't dinh hanh
Trang 6chinh hanh vi hanh chinh qv\et dinh ky
luiit huge thdi \'iec trong trifdng hop khdng
dongy vdi quyet dinh hanh n dd ho$c da
khieu nai vdi ngudi co tham quyen giai
quyei nhifng het thdi han giai quye't theo
quy dinh cda phap lu$t ma kbiiu nai
khdng difgc giai quyi't ho$c da difgc giai
quyi't nhung khdng dong y vdi viec giai
quyet kbiiu nai ve quyet dinh hanh vi dd
2 Td chdc ca nhan cd quyin khdi kien
vu an ddi vai quyei dinh giai quyet khieu
nai V9 quyet dinh xd ly ITI vjec canh tranh
trong trifdng hgp khdng dong y vdi quye't
dinh dd
3 C.i nhan cd quyin khdi kien vu an ve
danh sach cd tri trong trUdng hgp da
kbiiu nai vdi ca quan cd tham quyen giai
quyet, nhUng hit thdi ban guii quyi't theo
quy dinh cua phap luat ma kbiiu nai
khong dugc giai quyei ho$c da dugc giai
quye't nhUng khdng dong y vdi viic giai
quye't khie'u nai dd'
Nhfl vdy theo quy dinh p h a p l u a t , cflng
nhfl theo khoa hpc p h a p ly ndi c h u n g ,
quyen khdi kien VAHC dfldc hieu ddn gian
la k h a n d n g ciia cd q u a n , to chflc, ca n h a n
dfldc yeu cau Tda a n giai quye't yeu cdu
cua minh ve quyet dinh h a n h chinh, h a n h
vi h d n h chinh, t r o n g trfldng hdp k h d n g
dong y vdi quyet dinh h a n h chinh, h a n h vi
h a n h chinh, dd Vd k h i ngfldi khdi kien
khdng cd quyen khdi kien thi T h d m p h a n
se t r a lai ddn khdi kien Vay ddi vdi trfldng
hdp t r a n h cbd'p da het thdi hieu khdi kien,
tflc la ngfldi khdi kien ma't quyen khdi
kien cd k h a c biet gi so vdi trfldng h d p
ngfldi khdi kien k h d n g cd quyen khdi kien
md p h a p luat t d ' t u n g h a n h chinh quy dinh
trfldng hdp "khdng cd quyen khdi kien" thi
tra lai ddn cdn "mat quyen khdi kien" thi
t h u ly? \ ' e b a n chat, "khdng cd quyen khdi
kien" nghia Id ngay tfl ddu, ngfldi k h d i
kien da k h d n g he cd k h a nflng khdi ki?n
k h o n g cd quyen va ldi ich hdp p h a p bi x a m
p h a m va vi vay k h d n g cd quyen dfldc yeu
cau Tda an bao ve Cdn "mat quyen khdi kien" nghia la ngfldi khdi kien cd q u y e n khdi kien, quyen va ldi ich cua ho bi x a m
p h a m , nhflng den thdi diem ho khdi k i e n thi "khdng cdn quyen khdi kien" nfla vi ly
do thdi hieu khdi kien da het Tuy vay d a t
h a i v a n de n a y t r o n g phfldng dien giai quyet VAHC thflc te viec "khdng cd q u y e n khdi kien" vd "mat quyen khdi k i e n " (hay
"khdng cdn q u y e n khdi kien") k h d n g cd khdc biet gi dac trflng, n e u k h d n g muo'n ndi la h o a n toan gid'ng n h a u , k h d n g nhd't thie't p h a i hieu/quy d i n h " k h d n g cd quyen khdi kien t h i t r a lai ddn" cdn "ma't quyen khdi kien v a n t h u ly sau dd d i n h chi giai quye't vu an", bdi cuoi cflng t h i T h a m p h a n deu tfl chdi p h a n xii nhflng t r a n h c h a p m a ngfldi khdi k i e n "khdng cd" h a y "khong cdn" quyen khdi kien (theo quy d i n h p h a p
l u a t t d ' t u n g h a n h c h i n h h i e n h a n h , ddi vdi trfldng h d p he't thdi hieu khdi kien, Tod an tfl chdi p h a n xfl b a n g viec r a quye't d i n h
d i n h chi giai quye't vu an; ddi vdi trfldng hdp k h d n g cd q u y e n khdi kien, Tod a n tfl chdi p h a n xii b d n g viec t r a lai ddn d giai doan xfl ly ddn khdi kien hoac r a quye't
d i n h d i n h chi giai quye't vu a n d giai doan
c h u a n bi xet xfl t r o n g trfldng h d p khong
p h a t hien r a ngfldi k h d i k i e n k h d n g cd
q u y e n khdi kien t a i giai d o a n xfl ly ddn
k h d i kien) Viec tfl chdi p h a n xfl nhflng
t r a n h cha'p n a y ciia Tda a n chi k h a c n h a u
d thdi d i e m tfl choi va "chi p h i tfl choi" Bdi k h i tha'y cd cdn cfl t h u ly v u a n , T h a m
p h a n se p h a i t h d n g bao cho ngUdi k h d i kien biet de hp nop t i e n t a m flng a n n h i (trfl trfldng h d p ngfldi khdi kien dudc
m i e n nop tien t a m flng an p h i hoac k h d n g
p h a i nop t i e n t a m flng a n phi); t r o n g t h d i
Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA Hdi
Trang 7han luat dinh, ngfldi khdi kien phai xua't
trinh bien lai nop tien tam flng an phi cho
Tda an (trfl trfldng hdp ngfldi khdi kien
dfldc mien nop tien tam flng an phi,
khong phai nop tien tam flng an phi hoac
cd ly do chinh dang) neu khdng Thdm
phan se tra lai ddn theo quy dinh tai
diem h, khoan 1, Dieu 123, Luat To' tung
hanh chinh nam 2015
Chinh vi vay, quan diem thfl hai cho
rdng du ve mat cau chfl ciia dieu luat
khdng cdn quy dinh ro cdn cfl tra lai ddn
khdi kien VAHC la "thdi hiiu khdi kiin da
hit ma khong co ly do chinh dan^' nhfl
trong Ludt To' tung hanh chinh nSm 2010,
nhflng khi giai quye't cac trfldng hdp he't
thdi hidu khdi kien VAHC, can hieu thd'ng
nhat rdng thdi hieu khdi kien VAHC da
het, cd quan, to chflc, ca nhan dfldc quyen
khdi kien mat quyen khdi kien theo khoan
1, Dieu 116, Ludt To' tung hdnh chinh
nam 2015, va se hi tra Iai ddn khdi kien vi
ly do ngfldi khdi kien khdng cd quyen khdi
kien theo diem a, khoan 1, Dieu 123, Luat
Td'tung hanh chinh nam 2015
Thflc tidn thflc hien Luat To' tung hanh
chinh nam 2010 cho tha'y phdn Idn trfldng
hdp tra lai ddn khdi kien la vi ly do thdi
hieu khdi kien da he't Viec hieu quy dinh
tai khoan 1, Dieu 123, Luat To' tung hanh
chinh nam 2015 theo hfldng "khdng tra lai
ddn vi ly do thdi hieu khdi kien da he't",
thay vad do, Tham phan vdn thu ly doi vdi
cac tranh cbd'p da he't thdi hieu khdi kien
se lam gia tang cac vu an ma Tham phan
phai thu ly, tang khdi Iflpng cdng viec
khdng cdn thiet md Tham phan phai thflc
hien Bdi sau khi xem xet cac cdn cfl thu ly
va tha'y vu an thupc tham quyen giai
quyet Thdm phan dfldc phan cdng xem
xet ddn khdi kien se phai thdng bao bdng
van ban cho ngfldi bi kien, ngfldi cd quyen
ldi, nghia \*u hen quan den \iec giai quyet
vu an va \'ien kiem sat cung ca'p ve viec Tda an da thu ly vu an; bao cao Chanh an Tda an quyet dinh phan cong Thdm phan giai quyei vu an Hdn nfla, viec thu ly cac tranh cha'p da he't thdi hieu khdi kien, roi sau dd dinh chi giai quyet vu an cdn Idm ton kem chi phi cua xa hpi
3 Ke't luan va kien nghi Viec xac dinh "bet thdi hieu khdi kien
la can cfl de tra lai ddn khdi kien" the hien ban cha't, tinh dung ddn, tinh thflc tien, tinh hieu qua cua quy dinh phap luat Tfl nhflng phan tich tren, chung tdi cho rdng viec quy dinh cac trfldng hdp tra lai ddn
khdi kien bad gom "Thdi hiiu khdi kiin da
hii ma khdng cd ly do chinh dan^' nhfl
quy dinh ciia Luat Td' tung hanh chi'nh ndm 2010 la hdp ly hdn ca trong bdi canh dieu kien kinh te - xa hpi hien nay Tuy nhien, trfldc mdt, day la va'n de vdn cdn nhieu y kien khac nhau, va ton tai cdch xii
ly khac nhau gifla cac Toa an, do vay de dam bao viec ap dung thd'ng nha't phap luat, Hdi dong Tham phdn Toa an nhan dan toi cao can sdm ban hanh Nghi quyet hfldng ddn cu the va'n de nay
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Quoc hdi, Luat To' tgng hanh chinh
nam 2010
2 Qudc hdi, Luat To'tgng hanh chinh nam 2015
3 Bich Phfldng - Ngoc Tram (2018), Bai
viet Thdi hiiu khdi kiin cd dugc xac dinh
la can cd xd ly dan khdi kiin trong td'tung hanh chinh? ngudn https:// tapchitoaan
vn/bai-vietytrao-doi-y-kien/thoi-hieu- khoi-kien-co-duoc-xac-dinh-la-can-cu-
xu-iy-don-khoi-kien-trong-to-tung-h anxu-iy-don-khoi-kien-trong-to-tung-h-cxu-iy-don-khoi-kien-trong-to-tung-hinxu-iy-don-khoi-kien-trong-to-tung-h