Ngoai ra, mdt nguyen nhan khdng kem phan quan trgng cd anh hudng den hieu qua san xuat ndng nghilp, do la quyin sii dung dat ndng nghiip ciia cdc hg ndng dan.. Vi kinh t l vi md, niu quy
Trang 1V A I TRO CUA OUYEIXI SLT DUIXIG D A T IXIOIXIG IXIGHIEP DOI VOI IXIAIXIG SUAT LUA O X/IET IXIAIVI
Kiiu Nguyit Kjm\ Nguyin Thi Minh^ B^ TTii TTianh Loan^
T6MTAT
Vai trd ciia quyin sii dung dat doi voi nang suat tiong nong nghiep la rat quan tiong vi no anh hirong den quyet dinh ciia nong dan va do do anh huong den nSng suat cay trong, gia siic va cac san phdm khac Nghien ciiu nay tdp trung vao phan tich tac dong cua quyin su dung d^t nong nghidp len hieu qua san xuat ciia cac ho hdng liia bang phuong phap bdi quy phin vi Ket qua cho th^y, a hau het cac phan vi, dat cua cac h6 CO giay chiing n h ^ quyin su dung cd nang suat cao hon dat dang cho giay chiing nhan hoac dat khong CO chiing nh|n quyin su dung, sau khi kiem soat cac ylu td lien quan Ngoai ra, cac ylu td khac nhu dien tich dat hdng liia, thdi tilt, dan toe, trinh do hoc van cua chu ho cung co tac dgng dang ke den nang suat Ilia Bai vilt di xuat mdt sd kiln nghi nhdm nang cao nang suat trong tiot ciia cac ho nong dan
Tit Idida: Hidu qua nSng suat, quyen sir dung dit hO nong dan
1 BAT VAN 11^
Ndng nghiip Id mgt bd phan quan trgng trong
kit cau cua nen kinh te Viet Nam, ddng gdp xap xi
15% GDP, Id ngudn thu nhdp chinh cua gdn 10 trilu
ho ndng dan Bin canh do, ndng nghilp cung ddng
gdp mdt phan khdng nhd cho xuat khau ciing nhu
dam bdo an ninh luong thi/c qudc gia, tao viic lam
cho hang trilu lao ddng viing ndng thdn Sau giai
doan phdt trien manh me trong flidi k^ 1986-1990,
san Iuong liia gao cua Viet Nam da tdng tir 10 trilu
tan (nam 1980) lin 34 tiilu tan (nam 2004) (Kompas
va cpng sir, 2012) Nhung trong khoang hai thap nien
gan ddy, tdng tnrdng ndng nghiep Viet Nam dang
giam manh, ddc biet Id linh vuc ti-ong trgt (Tdng cue
Thdng ke) Su gidm sut trong tdng ti-u6ng ndng
nghilp nhiing ndm gan day bao gom nhiiu nguyin
nhan, trong dd cd t h i ke din su chuyen ddi cua nin
kinh t i theo xu hudng cdng nghiep hda khien ty
trong lao ddng ndng nghiep gidm siit khd nhanh vd
ty le dau tu cho ndng nghiip dat d- muc rat thap so
voi cac linh vuc khde Ngodi ra, san xuat manh miin,
nhd le cung Id mpt yiu td gdy can ti-d den viic dp
dung tien bg khoa hgc cdng nghe vd ddn den nhirng
e ngai tiong dau tu ddi han dd lam giam thiiu siic
manh thi trudng cua ngudi ndng dan tren thi tinrdng
ndng san Siic canh tranh vi thi trudng lao ddng
nong nghiep thap khien rat nhiiu chu rudng dat
HQC vien Ngan h^ng
" Tnrdng Dai hgc Kinh tk qudc dan
Hpc vi^n Tai chinii
Email: kimkn@hvnh.edu.vn
khdng san xuat ma bd dat hoang hodc cho ngtrdi khde muon dat de sdn xuat Dieu ndy khien cho qud trinh su dung dat ndng nghilp ngay mdt lang phi va khdng cd nhimg dau tu cai tao dat phii hgp Ngoai ra, mdt nguyen nhan khdng kem phan quan trgng cd anh hudng den hieu qua san xuat ndng nghilp, do la quyin sii dung dat ndng nghiip ciia cdc hg ndng dan Ly thuyit kinh t l du dodn rdng viec thilu quyin su dung dat dai cd thi han chl ndng dan tilp can dat dai cung nhu tilp can tin dung can thiet cho cac boat ddng cai thien ddt dai Vi dat dai Id trung tam cua phdt triin ndng nghilp, cd thi cho rang, neu thiia dat dugc dam bao quyin su dung ddi ban thi ngudi chu se cd nhiing quyet dinh khac vdi trudng hgp ngirdi chu chi cd quyin su dung ngdn han hodc di thue tam thdi Vi ly thuyet kinh te, day la
su cdn nhdc giira lgi nhuan vd rui ro, quyin su dung cang dugc xac lap thi rui ro cua dau tu trin manh dat cang dupc giam thieu, ngudi sir dung ddt se cd nhiiu phuong an dau tu ban, do dd se cd lua chpn tdt hon Ngodi ra, nlu quyin su dung dat cang on dinh thi kha nang tiep can tin diing cdng cao, giup tang nang Iuc ddu tu cho cdc chii ddt Cac nghien ciiu v i hoach
dinh chinh sach b cdc nude dang phat trien (Abdulai
et al., 2011; Ballesteros va Bresciani, 2008; Arun,
1999) da khang dinh dilu nay Vi kinh t l vi md, niu quyin sii dung dat dugc dam bao cd the ddn din mdt till tiTjdng thul dat ldn hon, tir dd nhiing ngudi cd kha nang ddu tu vao md rpng sdn xudt theo hudng cdng nghiip hda vd da dang cay tidng se cd nhiiu ca hdi va ddng Iuc hon ti-ong ddu tu san xuat
Trang 2Bai viit nay tap trung vao hai muc tiiu: (Q phan
tich cac ylu td anh hudng den hieu qua san xuat liia
va (ii) quan tam chu yeu den vai trd cua quyin sii
dung dat ndng nghiep
2 c a 8 0 LJ TIIUYET VA TONG QUAN TAI LCU NGHBU CUU
Nghien ciiu ve cdc chinh sdch ndng nghiep Id
mdt trong nhung chu de dugc rat nhieu nhd nghien
cihi kinh t l va thiet k i chinh sach quan tdm Dac biet
la cdc nghiin ciiu v l tdc ddng ciia cdc yeu td lln hilu
qua san xudt ndng nghiip Ben canh cdc nhdm nhdn
td dau vdo dien hmh nhu vdn, lao ddng, dat dai, gido
due, thuong mai, cdng nghi va mdi trudng
(Grihches, 1963; Hayami, 1969; Hayami va Ruttan,
1970; Antie, 1983; Wiebe, 2003, ) tiii quyin sir dung
dat la mdt van M quan trgng Dat biet vdi cac nude
dang phat trien, dat dai la tai san chinh cua hdu h i t
mgi ngudi vd kinh t l ndng nghilp vdn dang ddng vai
trd quan trgng trong nen qudc ddn Cd the ndi, quyen
su dung dat ndng nghiip an toan la mdt yeu to quan
trpng quylt dinh miic do dau tu cua chu thi sir dung
dat (Alchian & Demsetz, 1972; Demsetz, 1967)
Trong san xuat ndng nghiip, dat dai la mdt trong
nhung ddu vao quan trgng nhat, vi vay dam bao
quyin sir dung dat ndng nghi|p cd anh hudng ddng
k i din qua trinh su dung vd dau tu cai tao dat Ngoai
ra, vi quyin su dung dat bao gom mdt tap hgp cac
quyin, cac loai quyin nhu quyin su dung, quyin
chuyin nhirgng, cho thue hay bd hoang dat Do dd,
quyin su dung dat dugc bao dam cd thi tang dau tu
va thtic day phan bo tai nguyen dat hieu qud (Besley,
1995; Deininger & Jin, 2006; Field, 2007; Galiani &
Schargrodsky, 2010; Jin & Deininger, 2009) Ndi
each khac, viec thay doi quyen su dung dat dai cd the
ddn din su thay ddi vi hilu qua su dung dat (Barry
& Roux, 2016) Neu quyin sir dung khdng dugc dam
bao, nguy ca hi thu hdi dat cao se tdc ddng true tiep
den van d i dau tu cai thien chdt lugng dat vd ndng
suat ndng nghiep (Feder & Feeny, 1993) Vi vdy,
quyin str dung dat chinh thuc vd phi chinh thiic dugc
coi la chia khda d l cdi thiln dilu kiln cua ngudi
ngheo d cdc nude dang phdt triln v l tang tnrdng
kinh tl, san xuat ndng nghiip, an ninh luong thuc,
quan ly tai nguyen thien nhien, bat binh ddng gidi,
quan ly con ngudi vd cac quy trinh quan tri dia
phuong ndi chung (Bruce, 2012; Deininger, 2003;
Feder vd Feeny, 1991) Theo nghien ciiu ciia Ngan
hang TTie gidi nam 2003, viec dam bdo quyin sii
dung dat an todn cd the cai thien phiic loi ciia ngirdi
nghio, dac bilt la bang each tdng cuong co so tdi san cua nhiing ngudi nhu phu nit Ddng rhdi nd tao ra si; khich le can thiet cho dau tii, mgt yeu to quan ti-gng tao nIn su tang tiirdng bin vung (Deininger, 2003) Cac ca quan khac, bao gdm USAID va FAO, dd ddt bao dam quyin sd huu tai tiimg tam cua cdc chiin lupc tdi ti-a cua hg (dac bilt la USAID vd MCC (2012)
vd FAO (2011)) Ngay nay, su tiiieu chdc chdn cua quyen su dung dat ndng nghiip vdn la mdt van di ldn d cac nin kinh t i chuyen doi va nhiiu nude dang phdt tiiin, noi cac cai each chinh sach sd hihi dat dai dang diln ra
Cd nhiiu nghiin ciiu vi su anh hudng cua quyin sir dung dat trong linh vuc ndng nghilp (Galiani va cdng su, 2010; Manjunatiia vd cdng su, 2013; Ma va cdng su, 2015; Kouala va cdng su, 2016) Tit gdc dO
ly thuyit, tac dgng rd rang nhat cua su bat an vl quyen su dung dat dai la su khdng chdc chdn co dupc Ipi ich tii dau tu cua ndng dan tren dat ndng nghiep (Feder vd Onchan, 1987; Deininger va Ali, 2008; Ma va cdng su, 2015) Do dd, quyin sii dung dat ro rang Id chia khda de thiic day dau tu dai han va sii dung dat hieu qua Ngugc lai, quyin su dung mo
ho Id nguyin nhan sau xa cua nhilu van d^ dat dai:
su dung dat khdng hiiu qua va lang phi, chuyin ddi
va phdt trien qua miic, canh tranh vd tranh chdp ve tii'p can dat dai (Wang vd cdng su, 2015)
O Viet Nam, da cd mdt sd nghien ciiu thuc nghiem vi hilu qua kinh te ndng nghiip Vi du, Kompas (2004) da su dung ham san xuat biln ngdu
nhiln di udc tinh hilu qua ky thudt ciia san xuat liia
gao d Vilt Nam dua tren dii Uiu cua bang dieu khien khu vuc Hilu qua ky thuat trong canh tdc liia dupc udc tinh la 65% vao nam 1999 va 78% cho cdc vimg liia cua ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long Vu Hoang Unh (2012) da su dung Khao sdt Tilu chudn hd gia dinh Viit Nam 2003 - 2004 (VHLSS 2004) va udc tinh hi|u qua ky thuat Id 79% cho ndng dan trdng liia d Viit Nam Nghiin ciiu cua Dd Quy Todn va Lakshmi Iyer (2003) v l Luat Ddt dai cua Viet Nam dd clii ra rang
su thay doi vi Luat Dat dai Uen quan din thdi gian dugc giao quyin su dung dat da gdp phan tdng ti 1| diln tich dat ti-dng cho cdy Idu nam vd tang kha ndng tiep cdn thi trudng tin dung hodc tham gia thi trudng dat dai tdt hon Tuy quyin sii dung dat ndng nghiip
la mdt chu d i rat dupc quan tdm tiong cac nghien ciiu ti&n till gidi, nhung hau nhu chua cd nghiin cihi nao mang tinh dmh lugng mpt cdch ddy du de lam rO
Trang 3vai trd cua quyin su dung ddt lin hieu qua san xudt
ndng nghiip a Viit Nam Tren thuc te cung da cd
mgt sd rdt it va chi mang tinh nghien ciiu tinh hudng
cu till tai mdt viing nhd, chdng ban nhu nghiin ciiu
ciia Jens Jakobsen va cdng su (2007) ve quyin su
dung ddt cua Viet Nam den he tiidng ndng nghilp,
chiln luge sinh k l va tu cung tu cdp luong thuc cua
ngudi dan tdc Thai tai mgt lang viing cao tinh Nghi
An
Tir nhung tdng quan nghiin ciiu tren cd the thay
ring, quyin su dting ddt Id mdt ylu td quan trgng
din quylt djnh ddu tu cua ngirdi ndng dan, do dd den
hilu qua san xuat ndng nghilp Diiu nay dac bilt
quan trgng vdi ndng nghiep Viit Nam, do nhtrng cai
each vi quyen sir dung ddt tiln triln kha cham chap
dang tao ra nhiing rao can cho tiim nang phat triln
kinh t i ndng nghiip Trong khi dd, hau nhu chua cd
nghiin cuu dinh lugng nao vi vai trd cua quyen su
dung dat len hieu qua sdn xuat ndng nghiip Vilt
Nam Vi vdy, nghiin ciiu nay nhdm tra Idi cau hdi: (0
Nhirng yeu td dau vao tdc ddng the ndo din ndng
suat Ilia? (ii) Quyin su dung ddt ndng nghilp cd tac
ddng nhu thi nao lin hiiu qua san xuat lua?
3 PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU
3.LNgu6nsdliiu
Bd dii hiu dieu tra tiep can nguon Iuc hd gia
dinh ndng thdn Viet Nam ndm 2014 vd 2016
(VARHS) dugc su dung trong nghien ctiu Dii hiu
nay tim hilu qua trinh chuyen dich kinh t l ndng
thdn va nhiing tac ddng cua nd ddi vdi hau h i t khia
cjinh ciia ddi sdng ndng dan; cac hoat dgng kinh te
va si; chuyin dich ca cau trong dd chii trong vile tiep
can thi trudng ddt dai, lao ddng va vdn Ga nhung
nhan td san xudt chinh) va cac the c h i liln quan Cac
cau hdi dua ra nhdm tilp can dich vu cdng dua trin
dii Ueu tir ban 3500 hd gia dinh dugc lua chgn ngdu
nhien hi 12 tinh/thanh: Hd Ndi, Ldo Cai, Phii Thg,
Lai Chau, Diln Biin, Nghi An, Quang Nam, Khanh
Hda, Ddk l i k , Ddc Ndng, Lam Ddng, Long An Vdi
cdc van d i md rdng nhu cac cdu hdi v i dat dai, ndng
nghiip, thu nhap, chi tilu, tai san, dau tu, liln k i t thi
tnrdng
3.2 Phuang phdp phdn tich vd xii 1^ s6 U$u
3.2.1 Phuong phip hdi quy phin vi
Phuang phdp chinh ciia nghiin ciiu nay Id
su-dung phuang phap hdi quy phan vi dugc d i xuat bdi
Koenker vd Bassett (1978) M phdn tich anh hudng
cua quyin su dung ddt Ien phan phdi ndng suat liia Cdch tiip can ndy tao diiu kiln phan tich ky ludng v i nhung tdc ddng khde biet cua quyen su dung dat trong phdn phdi ndng suat lua Md hmh hdi quy phan
vi Id mdt gidi phap thay the manh me cho hdi quy OLS cd dien (Koenker va Bassett, 1978; Leider, 2012) va rat phu hgp de giai quylt su phiic tap trong mdi quan he giiia cac bien ddc lap va bien phu thudc Zelenyuk va Zheka (2006); Simar vd Wilson (2007) ciing cho thay rdng su dung cdng cu udc tinh truyin thdng de phdn tich hdi quy cdc ylu td quylt dinh hieu qua la khdng phii hgp va khdng giai quylt dugc van d i phu thudc cua diim hilu qua Cac nghiin ciiu chi ra rdng, sii dung cac ky thuat hdi quy tuyIn tinh tieu chuan chi cung cap cdi nhin mdt phan vi mdi quan he trong khi chiing ta cd thi quan tam den viec
md ta mdi quan he tai cdc diem khde nhau trong phdn phdi cd diiu kiln cua biin phu thudc vd hoi quy phdn vi cho phep kha nang dd Hoi quy tuyIn tinh cd dien udc tinh tdc do thay ddi trung binh ctia biin phu thudc la ham dilu kiln ciia mdt hoac mgt sd bien giai thich Tuy nhien, hoi quy phan vi md rdng udc lupng ndy cho bat ky phan nao trong phan phdi ciia bien phu thugc, tiic Id ddi vdi bat ky phan vi dugc chgn ndo, do dd tao diiu kiln cho viec gidi thich rd rang hon ve mdi quan he giiia cac biln cd the cd moi quan
h i yiu hodc khdng cd mdi quan h^ (Montgomery et
a/, 2015)
Y tudng ca ban trong hdi quy phan vi theo O'Gana va Mourato (2007) Id udc tinh phdn vi thii p cua bien hieu suat cd diiu kiln vdi cac biln giai thich khac nhau, gia dinh rdng phan vi cd the dupc bilu thi dudi dang hdm tiiyen tinh cua ciing mpt bien, Do dd, viic su dung hoi quy phan vi de udc tinh su thay ddi ctia bien phu thudc d tiimg vi va phan vi cu the cho thay nd dua din nhung kit qua nhiiu sdc thdi hon ve tac ddng ciia cdc biin den sdn xuat cay trdng va hilu
qua kinh t l (Chamallld- Jammes et al, 2007) Do
nhung uu diem dd nlu d tren, dd sii dung hdi quy phdn vi de phdn tich tac ddng ciia cac yeu td dau vao, ddc biet la quyin sir dung dat den hilu qua san xudt ndng nghiip
Md hinh hdi quy phdn vi hiyln tinh theo dk^ xuat
cua Koenker va Bassett (1978) cd dang:
QuantB(y,|X,)=X,pe+u,e (1) Trong do, y, la biin phu thudc; X, la ma trdn
cac biln ddc lap tiiong ung vdi quan sat tiiti i; % la
Trang 4ma tran h i sd tuong ling ciia cac bien ddc Idp tai
phdn vi 9 Quantg(y; |X,) la udc lugng cd diiu kiln
ciia biin phu thudc y tai phdn vi 0, ti-ong dd:
0 < e < l tiidamdn: Quant3(y|X)=I^^'^j(6) ti-ong
In output _ per = Pg p, hi cost _ lua _ per
-i-+ Psfemale -f p^kinb -i- f
Trong dd:
(1) Dau ra trung binh cua san lupng
(output_pei) dugc dinh nghia la tdng san lugng Iiia
tinh trin m^ Don vi tinh: kg/vc?
(2) Tdng chi phi binh quan liia (cost_lua_pei) Id
tong chl phi tinh trin m^ cho trong lua cua hp trong
ndm Bao gom: chi mua gidng lua, phdn bdn, thudc
bao v i thuc vdt, chi mua va thue may mdc, nhiln
liiu, chi tra cdng lao dpng, tra Idi vay, chi thue vd dau
thau dat ciing cac chi phi biin ddi khde Don vi tinh:
nghin dong/m^
(3) Diln tich tidng lua (area) la tong dien tich
trdng Ilia cua hd Don vi tinh: m^
(4) Quyin sii dung dat (redbook) Id mdt biln
gia, quy udc: redbook = 1 n l u cac manh dat cua hg
cd sd dd; redbook = 2 neu sap cd so dd vd redbook =
3 niu khdng cd s6 dd
(5) Tlidi tiet (weather) la mdt biin gia, quy udc:
weather = 1 neu thai tiet cd thuan lgi cho ndng
nghiep; weather = 2 nlu thdi tiit khdng thuan Igi
(6) Gidi tinh (female) la mdt bien gia nhdm
danh gid vai trd v i gidi tinh cua chii hd anh hirdng
d i n cdc quylt dinh sdn xuat vd tir dd anh hudng den
hieu qua
(7) Dan tdc (kinh) la mdt biln gia, nhdm ddnh
gid hilu qua san xudt cua dan tdc Kmh so vdi cdc dan
tdc khde
(8) Hgc vdn (educn) Id mdt biin gid, tinh theo
sd nam di hgc ciia chu hd, quy udc: educn = 0 neu
chii hd chua hgc din Idp 2; educn =1 n l u chii hd hgc
h i t Idp 5; educn = 2 neu chti hg da hpc qua lap 5
(9) Tuoi (agen) Id mdt biln gia, tinh theo tudi
cua chu hd, quy udc: agen = 1 neu chu hd nhd hon
hoac bang 45 tudi; agen = 2 n l u chu hd nhd hon hoac
bang 65 tudi; agen = 3 nlu chii hd Idn hon 65 tuoi
(10) Khu vuc (tinh) la mdt biin gid, quy udc:
tinh_0 den tinh_ll Ian luat Id cac tinh/tiidnh: Ha Ndi,
do I^^i^, la hdm mat do xac sudt cd dilu kien cua Y tiieo X (Koenkerva Bassett, 1978)
3.2.2 Md hinh danh gia hieu qua san xui't
Md hinh danh gia hieu qua sdn xuat dupc xem xet dudi dgng:
p2 b area + P^redbook + P^ weather
educn -t- p^agen -i- p^tinb -i- u, (2) Lao Cai, Phii Thg, Lai Chdu, Dien Bien, Nghi An, Quang Nam, Khdnh Hda, Ddk Ldk, Ddk Ndng, Lam Ddng, Long An
(11) Ndm (yead Id bien kiem soat vdi hai nam
2014 vd 2016
Trong phdn tich ndy, udc tinh vecta h i sd pe cho cdc phdn vi 9 = 0,1; 0,2; 0,4; 0,6 vd 0,9 trin cimg mdt phuong tiinh Cac gid tri thdng k i ciia cac biln so trong mdu dugc t h i hien trong bang 1
Bdng 1 Thdng k i ca ban ciia cdc biin s6 Ten bien
output_per cost lua_per area redbook weather female kinh educn agen Hnh year
So quan sat 2.705 2.701 2.738 2.735 7.088 2.738 2.738 2.631 2.738 2.431 2.738
Trung binh 0,849041 2,75917 4297,13 1,395978 3,80333 1,30935 0,51534 1,00152 1,665084 354,7696 2014,952
Sai so
chuIn
0,8468 3,698368 7364,597 0,732303 14,64153 0,46231 0,499856 0,636051 0,751051 197,1552 0,99902
Ngudn: Tinh toin tir sdheu VARUS ciia cic tie gii
Dd dua ra gid thuyit, chi phi dau vao cua san xuat cd tac ddng tich cue den ndng suat do gidng liia
va dat trdng dugc ddu tu tdt ban Chi phi trdng tipt dugc tinh tiieo hd gia dinh Ngodi ra, su gia tang di^n tich cd kha ndng mang lai mdt nen kinh t i quy md vd nhiing dau tu v i cdng ngh$ hiln dai trong san xuat,
do dd, dien tich gieo cay se tuong quan duong vdi nang suat Ylu td khi hdu ludn tdc ddng true tiip lln ndng suat liia, do dd thdi tiet khdng thuan lgi se lam giam nang suat Mdt nhan td quan tiong dugc quan tdm tiong nghidn ciiu nay la quyin sii dung dat Vdi
ki vgng rdng, nhiing hp ndng ddn trdng lua ti-|n cdc thiia rudng cd gidy chiing nhdn quyen sii dung dat s i
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2020
Trang 5cd nang suat cap hon cdc hd cd dat dang chd dugc
chimg nhdn hoac cac hg khdng cd chiing nhan str
dung dat Vl khi ddt cd chung nhdn quyin str dung
nong dan se yin tam hon trong ddu tu san xudt, cai
tgo dat ciing nhu cdc phuang dn san xuat lau ddi va
ddn din tiiu dupc nhiing hiiu qua b i n virng trong
san xudt Dd dua thIm cac yeu td v l ddc diim hd
ndng ddn nhu ddn tdc, gidi tinh, hpc van vd do tudi
ciia chu hd Nhiing yiu td nay cd the anh hudng din
kinh nghilm sdn xuat, quylt dinh dau tu vd dp ndng
dong trong dp dung tien bd ky thuat vdo san xuat cua
ho ndng dan Cac biin Idem soat nhu bien tinh vd
nam dupc dua vdo md hinh nhdm kiem sodt cdc diiu
ki|n liin quan din dia chdt, the che chinh sdch ciia
dia phuang va nhirng thay doi v l hinh thirc xac lap
quyin sii dung ddt cita cac ndng hd
4 KET QUA NGHEII CUU VA THAO LUAN
Kit qua hdi quy dugc cho d bang 2 dd chi ra a tdt
ca cdc phan vi ndng suat liia diu cd tiiong quan
dirong vdi chi phi trung binh cho san xudt Kit qua
ndy phii hgp vdi cac nghiin ciiu tnrdc do v i hilu qua
san xuat liia d Viit Nam ciia Kompas (2004), Huynh
Viet Khai vd cdng su (2011), Vu Hoang Unh (2012) Bdng md hinh hdi quy phan vi, nghiin ciiu cdn chi rd cac hd cd ndng suat thap nhat nlu tdng dau tu cho cdc ylu td dau vdo ciia qua trinh san xuat se nhdn dugc miic tdng nang suat dang k l va miic tang nay s i giam dan vdi cac hg cd ndng suat cao hon Cu till d phdn vi qlO va q20, neu dau vdo tdng len 1% thi ndng suat se tang khoang 0,2%; nhung d cdc miic phdn vi cdn lai neu chi phi dau vdo tang lin 1% thi ndng suat chi tang khoang 0,14% Dieu nay phai anh dung thuc
t l ciia qua ti-inh san xuaL Khdng gidng nhu ki vgng,
d cac miic phan vi q40; q60 vd q90 neu dien tich trong Ilia tang lln thi ndng suat giam; k i t qua ndy cd the dugc giai thich rdng ndng ddn cdn chua str dung hgp ly ngudn tai nguyin dat do lgi nhuan tir tidng liia khdng cao bang cac khu vuc kinh te khde, ciing cd
t h i mdt phan do cdc manh dat trong liia ciia cac hd cdn rdi rac, chua tap tnmg lam anh hudng din qud tiinh dp dung cdng n g h i tien tien trong san xuat Yiu td thdi tilt cd tdc ddng rd ret lln ndng sudt, cu thi, d tat ca cdc miic phdn vi khi thdi tilt khdng thuan lgi cho san xuat thi nang suat liia giam
Ten hiia
lncost_lua_per
Inarea
redbook_2
redbook_3
weather_2
female
kinh
educn_l
Being 2 U6c lugng h6i quy phar vi cho hi^u quA san xu^t liia
Uoc luong h6i quy phan vi qlO
0,2316"*
(0,0234)
0,0215
(0,0257)
-0,0934
(0,1214)
-0,0892
(0,0657)
-0,1383*"
(0,038)
0,0286
(0,0474)
0,2228***
(0,0581)
0,0497
(0,0570)
q20 0,1958***
(0,0206) -0,0208 (0,0142) -0,0180 (0,0586) -0,1714*
(0,0717) -0,1232***
(0,025) -0,0167 (0,0295) 0,1672***
(0,0449) 0,0514*
(0,0266)
q40 0,1362***
(0,0135) -0,0520***
(0,007) -0,0635**
(0,0264)
•0,1518***
(0,039) -0,0827***
(0,015)
•0,0033 (0,0203) 0,1508***
(0,0362) 0,0833***
(0,0235)
q60 0,1314***
(0,0190) -0,0682***
(0,01) -0,0592"*
(0,02) -0,1539**
(0,063) -0,0559***
(0,016) -0,0070 (0,0190) 0,1510***
(0,0337) 0,0799***
(0,0276)
q90 0,1463*** (0,0230) -0,1034*** (0,024) -0,2019*** (0,036) -0,1376* (0,0802) -0,0695** (0,0299) -0,0426 (0,0338) 0,0723 (0,0480) 0,1140*** (0,0399)
Trang 6educn_2
agen_2
agen_3
tinh_l
tinh_2
tinh_3
tinh_4
tinh_5
tinh_6
tinh_7
tinh_8
tinh_9
tinh_10
t i n h l l
year
_cons
0,1109
(0,0717)
-0,0291
(0,0409)
-0,0127
(0,0338)
-0,1993
(0,1451)
0,0220
(0,0917)
•0,1401
(0,1517)
-0,4334**
(0,167)
-0,2345
(0,4365)
0,1388
(0,1153)
0,1109
(0,2011)
-0,03841
(0,1216)
-0,3567**
(0,1493)
-0,3239
(0,3178)
0,3983***
(0,1215)
0,0078
(0,0107)
•16,778
(21,413)
0,0905**
(0,0404) -0,0041 (0,0312) -0,0021 (0,0338) -0,3417***
(0,075) -0,0915 (0,0587) -0,1690*
(0,0876) -0,4523***
(0,127) -0,1345 (0,1054) 0,1111**
(0,0533) 0,0528 (0,0937) -0,0608 (0,0854) -0,4795***
(0,091) -0,3852**
(0,1841) 0,3748***
(0,0623) 0,0092 (0,0113) -18,9823 (22,709)
0,1107***
(0,0297) 0,0146 (0,0150) 0,0294 (0,0220) -0,3596***
(0,041) -0,0817***
(0,031) -0,1822***
(0,044) -0,4219***
(0,071) -0,1068*
(0,0549) 0,0874***
(0,0209) 0,0253 (0,0316) -0,0147 (0,0497) -0,2879***
(0,055) -0,3489**
(0,159) 0,4363***
(0,0334) -0,0046 (0,0092) 9,2711 (18,4572)
0,1139**
(0,0452) 0,0193 (0,0212) 0,0448*
(0,0253) -0,3367***
(0,062) -0,0628*
(0,0322) -0,1132**
(0,0502) -0,2451**
(0,0986)
•0,0353 (0,0511) 0,0815***
(0,0203) 0,0109 (0,0397) 0,1414***
(0,0480) -0,0612 (0,1270) 0,0014 (0,1792) 0,4627***
(0,0336)
•0,0073 (0,0091) 14,8202 (18,3788)
0.0900 (0,0618)
•0,0067 (0,0354) -0,0412 (0,0426) -0,1810*** (0,068) -0,0441 (0,0591) 0,0243 (0,0597) 0,0720 (0,0932)
•0,0741 (0,0951) 0,0687 (0,0648) -0,0852** (0,0356) 0,3232*** (0,0622) 0,2787** (0,1223) 0,2557 (0,2776) 0,5377*** (0,0604)
•0,0047 (0,0171) 10,3487 (34,4718)
Chii y: Ki hieu:', ", "*, lan lupt bidu diin cac mucy nghia thdngke la 1096, 5%
Nguon: ti'nh toan cua cac tdc gia iuphan mem Stata 15
Ket qua hoi quy cho thay, cac hp la chu sa huu nhan hoac dat khong co giay chung nhan quyin sir
CO giay chung nhan quyen svr dung dat co nang suat dung Trong hau hA cac phan vi, he sd hoi quy cua
trong Ilia cao hon cac ho dang cho cap giay chimg bien redbook dia mang diu am va cd y nghia thiing
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G THON - KY 1 - THANG 9/2020
Trang 7ke, dieu nay phdn dnh rat rd rang vai ti-d cua quyen
su dung dat din hiiu qud ndng suat Vdi cdc hd cd
quyin su dung dat, hiiu qua ndng sudt ldn hon cdc
hp dang chd cap giay chiing nhan quyin su dung dat
tir 0,05 din 0,2% vd ldn ban cac hp khdng cd gidy
chiing nhdn quyin su dung ddt tir 0,13 din 0,17%
Phat hien nay da cung cap mdt cdi nhin sau sdc vi
cac diiu chinh Luat Ddt dai cua Viet Nam trong
nhiing thap ky qua Khi khdng dugc dam bao ve
quyen sir dung dat, hd ndng dan it cd kha ndng dau
tu vdo cdc boat ddng cai tao dat, ddn den san luong
thap hon (Abdulai vd cdng su, 2011) Tirong tu, do
thilu su dam bdo ve quyin su dung dat, chu hd
khdng cd du cdc uu ddi cho lgi tiic ddu tu, cac trang
tiai dugc diiu hanh bdi cac chti nhu vdy cd the
khdng boat ddng hiiu qua (Otsuka vd Hayami,
1988)
Dan tgc Kmh cd nhiiu kinh nghiem v l ky thuat
canh tdc hon cdc ddn tdc khde nin hiiu qua nang
sudt cao hon d tat ca cac mirc phdn vi Tirong tu nhu
cac nghien ctru khac, cdc he sd hdi quy cd gia tri
duong vd cd y nghia vdi biln trinh dp hpc van cua
chii hd, cu thi, cac chu hO cd sd ndm di hpc ldn hon
se cd nang suat cao hon Diiu ndy cho thay miic dp
giao due Id yiu td cdn thiet cho viic tdng hiiu qua
san xuat cho ndng ddn trdng liia Nhung ngudi ndng
dan cd trinh dp tii trung hpc trd lin san xuat liia nang
sudt cao hon hoac tdt hon so vdi nhirng ngudi khdng
cd trinh do hoc van hoac chi hoc d muc tieu hpc Kit
qua nay phii hpp vdi hau h i t cac nghiin ciiu vi hieu
qua san xuat ndng nghilp nhu Abedullah va
Mushtaq (2007), Khai va Yabe (2011), Koirala va
cdng su (2014) Gidi tinh va tudi cua chu hd khdng
the hiin su khde biet len bieu qua nang suat d hau
hit cac phdn vi
5.KfrLUANVAKBVNGHI
Ndng nghiep vdn dang Id ngudn thu nhap chinh
cua cdc ndng hd vd ndng suat ndng nghiep tang lin
gdp phan xda ddi gidm ngheo cho ndng dan Nhiing
cai tiln ve ndng sudt ndng nghiip la mdt trong nhiing
chu di quan tigng trong nghien cuu va hoach dinh
chinh sdch ndng nghiep Hiln nay, da cd mdt sd
nong dan chuyin sang lam viec phi ndng nghilp vd
dat ndng nghiip dang bi bd hoang, vi vdy viec hoach
dinh cac chinh sdch ndng nghilp phii hap nhdm su
dung hiiu qua ddt dai va giam thieu sir thodi hda ddt
la rat can t h i i t
Cdc hd ndng dan trdng lua trin ddt dd cd gidy chiing nhan quyin su dung dat cd hilu qua ndng suat cao hon cdc hd trdng liia trin dat dang dgi cap gidy chiing nhdn hoac ddt khdng cd giay chiing nhan quyin sii dung Vi vay van d i chuyen giao quyin sii dung dat cho ndng ddn can dugc quan tam hon nua
de ngudi ddn yen tdm ddu tu cai tao dat va cd cac k i hoach san xuat dai ban ciing nhu cd nhiiu dieu kien tilp can vdi cac nguon tin dung Nang cao tinh phap
ly ve dat dai de ngudi dan yIn tdm san xuat vd dau tu trin manh dat cua minh
Hilu qua san xuat phu thudc vdo chi phi dau tu san xudt, diln tich gieo cay va cac yiu td vi thdi tiet, dan tdc va trinh dp hpc van cua chti hd Dieu nay cho thdy Chinh phu can tap trung khuyen khich ndng dan ndng cao trinh dd hgc van, tang cudng hgc tap chuyen giao cdng nghe Chinh quyin dia phuang can tao diiu kien de ndng ddn nang cao trinh do van hda pho thdng Ngoai ra, cac chinh sach ciia Chinh phii can tap trung ddu tu cho thuy lgi, dam bao bao tdn dat cho muc dich ndng nghiep vd dam bao loi nhuan tir trdng liia cho ndng dan de cd the khiln ngudi dan gdn bd hon vdi trdng trpt
Trong nhung nam qua Chinh phu dd cd nhiiu cai each trong Luat Ddt dai, ddc hiit ddi vdi quyen su dung dat ndng nghiep Nhung kit qud chinh sdch ndng nghiep nhdm muc dich tang hilu qua tidng Ilia din nay vdn cbtra dugc cdi thien nhiiu Nghiin ciiu chuyin sau ndy la cdn thiet de tim ra cdc yeu to tac ddng nhdm dinh hudng giai phdp cho cac chinh sdch
ve ndng nghilp Viec quan tdm din van d i quyen su dung ddt dai cho ngudi tidng trgt se tang cirdng dau
tu vdo ca thuc hanh quan ly tdi nguyen thien nhien vd cai tao dat
TAI I B I THAM KHAU
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THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE RIGHTS FOR RICE PRODUCnVTIY IN VIETNAM
Kieu Nguyet Kun, Nguyen Thi Mmh, Be Thi Thanh Loan Summaiy
The role of land use right in productivity in agriculture is of important since it affects farmers' decision and hence productiviy This study focuses on analyzing the impact of agricultural land use rights on production efficiency of rice farmers by quantile regression The results show that, for most of the quantiles, households with the land use nght certificates (LURCs) had higher productivity than others, after contiolLng for related factors In addition, other factors such as rice land area, weather, ethnicity, educational attainment of the household head also have a significant impact on nee productivity The paper also proposes some recommendations to improve the crop productivily of farm households
Ifeywords: Productivity efGciency, land use rights, farm households
Ngueri phan b i ^ : GS.TS Nguyen VSn Song
Ngdy nh4n bail 5/6/2020
Ngdy thfing qua phdn bi^n: 6/7/2020
Ngdy duyet ddng: 13/7/2020