Han nOa, trong vg dn hinh sg lidn quan d i n phdp nhdn thuang mgi bj buOc tOi, ca quan cd thdm quyen tien hdnh to tpng phdi chung minh, xdc djnh rd cdc tinh t i l t ddc tarng gdn liln vd
Trang 1'XJig.difiig.ph6filu4t S<i6 (339)jigg^
HOAN THIEN MOT S i QUY BINH TAI P H ^ CHUNG CDA
BO LUAT HiNii sy NJiM 2015 i k B Jl, B i SUNG NlM 2017)
• TS H O A N G M I N H BIJC •
Tom tat: Bai viet tgp trung trinh bay luan gidi mpt so bdt cap hgn che ciia cdc quy ''I'l ^ " _
chung BQ lugt Hinh sir nam 2015 (sua ddi bd sung nam 2017) va kien nghj hoan llii(» "''"'" """' ^" nhiing kho khdn vit&ng mdc trong qud trinh thuc thi Bd lugt ndy
Abstract: The paper focuses on presenting and explaining some inadequacies and Ittntlations oj
provisions in the General Pan of the 2015 Penal Code (amended, supplemented in 2017) and completing recommendations lo remove difficulties and obstacles in the implementation of this Code
1 Mpt s6 b^t cpp, h^n ehd ciia cdc quy djnh tai
p h i n Chung Bp lu^t Hinh s i ^ nam 2015
ThCr nhit, B? lu^t Hinh s i / nam 2015, dupe sira
d6i, b6 sung ndm 2017 (BJ ludt Hinh su nam 2015)
quy djnh vd Cd s d ciia trach nhidm hinh su nhung
khfing gidi thich rd thd nao Id trdch nhi$m hinh su,
thdi diem phdt sinh va ket thuc trdch nhi^m hinh su;
thdm quyin xdc djnh trach nhifim hinh su ndn nhdn
thirc v i quy djnh nay chua thing nhdt khi xir ly m^t
s6 vp an hinh s i / et,i the Ngoai ra, BO ludt Hinh sir
nam 2015 cung chua cd cdc l^hai niOm v i "nhilu tpi
phpm", 'phpm nhidu tOi" "phpm tOi nhidu idn' d i n den
nhdm Idn trcng dp dgng phap ludt; ep trudng hap hai
hdnh vi nguy hidm cho xa hdi chi bj xdt xir ve mpt tpi
trong khi dd mOt hdnh vi nguy hidm cho xa hpi bi xet
m vd hai tOi
Tai Bidu 2 quy dinh: " 1 Chi ngudi ndo pham mot
tdi da dupe Bp ludt Hinh s u quy dinh mdi phdi chiu
trach nhi^m hinh su 2 Chi phap nhdn thuang mai
nac phpm mOt tdi da dupe quy djnh tai Dieu 76 ciJa
Bp ludt ndy mdi phdi chju trdch nhiem hinh su" Quy
dinh ndy chua phii hpp vdi thi/c t i l n vi thue t l ed
tardng hpp ngudi ho^c phdp nhdn thuong mpi phpm mOt t^i, cd trudng hpp phpm nhieu Ipi, mdt hay nhilu tiji d i u phdi bj xir ly trdch nhi§m hinh s u
Th&hai tpi Ishodn 1 B i l u 8 quy dinh; "T«i phpm Id
hdnh vi nguy h i l m cho xa hdi dupe quy djnh trong BO
luat Hinh su do ngudi ed nang luc trdch nhidm hinh
su hodc phdp nhdn thuong mpi thi/e hipn mOt cdch c6 y hodc vd y, xam pham dpc idp chii q u y i n , thing
nhdt, todn ven lanh t h i T l quic, xdm phpm c h i 61)
chinh tri, che dd kinh t l , n i n van hda, quoc phdng, an ninh, trdt tu, an todn xd hdi, quyen, idi ich hop phdp cua t i chirc, xdm pham q u y i n con ngudi, quyin, ipi ich hpp phdp cua cdng ddn, xam phpm nhiing ITnh vire khde cua trdt t u phap luat xa hpi chu nghia md theo quy dinh cua Bd ludt ndy phai bj xir 1} hinh su"
Tuy nhi§n, khdc vdi ca nhSn phpm tdi, phjp „hir\
thuang mai khdng phdi la thuc t h i cd ly tri vd y ehl, vdy l5i ciia phdp nhan la I i i gi? Co y hay v6 y? Ngodi ra, B i l u 10 v l "C6 y phpm tiJi", Dilu ,., „ |
"Vd y phpm tdi", Bidu 17 v l "04ng phpm" a j ^ q^y dinh cho ngudi phpm tdi md khdng quy dinh cho phap nhdn thuong mpi phpm tdi Trong khi dd, Dilu 8 quy
I Ddn chii & Phdp ludt
Trang 2%&g dting phdp Uidi S6 6 (339) - 2020
djnh khdi ni§m tOi phgm Igi ndu: TOi pham Id hdnh vi
nguy hlSm cho xd hOi dugc quy djnh trong Bp ludt
Hinh s g , do ngudi c6 ndng li/c trach nhiem hinh sg
ho$c phdp nhdn thuang mpi thgc hi^n mOt cdch c6 y
ho$c vd y ': Di^u 85 vS "Cdc tinh tilt tdng ndng trdch
nhi$m hinh sg dp dyng d6i vdi phdp nhdn thuong
mgi' cd d6 c§p d6n trudng hgp phdp nhdn thuong
mpi 'cdu Vk vdi phdp nhdn thuang mpi khac d l pham
lOi' (dilm a l^hodn 1) Do dd, cdn nghien cuu, b6
sung d i l u ludt v l l6i ciia phdp nhdn thuang mai pham
t^i vd vdn d l d i n g phgm cua phdp nhdn thuang mai
phgm tOi trong BO ludt Hinh sg ndm 2015 Han nOa,
trong vg dn hinh sg lidn quan d i n phdp nhdn thuang
mgi bj buOc tOi, ca quan cd thdm quyen tien hdnh to
tpng phdi chung minh, xdc djnh rd cdc tinh t i l t ddc
tarng gdn liln vdi phdp nhdn tgi D i l u 441 BO ludt T 6
tyng hinh sg ndm 2015, trong dd cd vi0c chung minh
mOt vdn d l quan trpng, dd Id l6i ciia phdp nhdn, ldi
cua cd nhdn Id thdnh vidn cua phdp nhan
rhi>6a, khodn 2 D i l u 9 quy djnh v l phdn loai tdi
phgm do phdp nhdn thuang mgi thgc hiOn: "Tdi pham
do phdp nhdn thuang mgi thgc hien dugc phdn loai
cdn cii vdo tinh c h i t vd muc dO nguy hiem cho xa hdi
cua hdnh vi phgm tOi Iheo quy djnh tai khodn 1 D i l u
ndy vd quy djnh tuong ung d6j vdi cdc tpi pham dugc
quy djnh tgi D i l u 76 cCia BO ludt ndy" Dieu ndy cd
nghia, tOi phgm dugc phdn loai thdnh tdi pham it
nghidm trgng, tOi phgm nghidm trpng, tdi pham rat
nghidm trpng vd tOi phgm ddc biet nghiem trpng (theo
Wiodn 1 - can cu vdo miic cao nhat cua khung hinh
phgt), tuy nhidn, chua cd quy djnh nao "quy doi" tinh
chit vd mi>c do nguy h i l m cho xa hdi cua hdnh vi
phgm tpi md phdp nhdn thuong mgi thgc hien tuong
ling vdi mCpc cao nhlt cCia khung hinh phat md phdp
nhdn thuong mgi phdi chju trong Bd ludt Hinh su
Hon nua, hinh phgt chinh d6i vai phdp nhdn thuong
mgi phgm tOi chi cd hinh phat t i l n Id cd t h i quy doi
nhung chi tuong img vdi tOi phgm it nghidm trgng
ThCriu, khodn 2 D i l u 18 vd khoan 2 D i l u 19 chua
cd s g thong nhdt ve ky thudt Idp phdp giua quy djnh cua hai d i l u ludt ndy: 'Cdc tpi xdm phgm an ninh qu6c gia" hay "cdc tdi quy djnh tgi Chuong XIII ciia 80 ludt ndy'; "tOi dSc bifet nghidm trpng khdc" hay "tOi khdc Id tdi pham ddc bidt nghidm trpng"
Thif nam Dieu 24 quy djnh gdy thi^t hgi trong khi
bdt giu ngudi pham lOi; D i l u 25 quy djnh nii ro trong nghidn cuu, thu nghiOm, dp dyng t i l n bO khoa hpc, ky thugt va cdng nghp; D i l u 26 quy djnh thi hdnh mpnh lOnh cua ngudi chi huy ho§c cua d p trdn cdn mang tinh nguydn tdc, chua cd vdn ban hudng ddn dp dyng, chua ddp ung dugc y&u cdu d i u tranh phdng ngilra vd chdng tdi pham
Thir sdu, D i l u 29 quy djnh ftdn cu miln trdch
nhi^m hinh su chua xdc djnh cy t h i t h i ndo Id "sg thay d6i chinh s^ch, phdp ludt", "ngudi pham tdi khdng cdn nguy hiem cho x§ hpi nua", "ngudi phgm tdi mdc bdnh h i l m nghdo", l a p cdng Idn /io$c cd
c i n g h i l n ddc biOt, dugc Nhd nude vd xa hOi thO-a nhdn" nen ddn den mot so tnjdng hgp dp dyng phdp ludt chua thing nhdt Bdn canh dd, v l m$t ky thu|t Idp phdp bOc Ip mdt s6 han c h l , bdt cdp, thilu d i n g
bd trong tuong quan vdi BO ludt T 6 tyng hinh sg nam
2015 v l dinh chi dieu tra, dinh chi vu dn
Thif bay, Dieu 51, D i l u 52 quy djnh v l cdc tinh t i l t
giam nhe trach nhiem hinh su vd cdc tinh tilt tdng nang trdch nhiem hinh su chua cy t h i , rd rdng ndn thuc tien nhieu trudng hgp dp dyng chua chinh xdc, thdng nhlt d l ddn den dp dyng tiiy ti§n, vi dy: Quy djnh ghdp nhilu tinh t i l t gidm nhe trong cung mOt diem nhu ngudi pham tpi thdnh k h i n khai bdo, an ndn h i i cdi ddn d i n nhilu cdch hiiu vd vdn dyng khdc nhau; quy djnh tinh tilt tdng ndng "Xui giyc ngudi dudi 18 tuoi phgm tpi; phgm tpi doi vdi ngudi dudi 16
t u l i " d i n d i n cd quan d i l m cho rdng chi dp dung d i i
Ddn chu & Phdp lu$t EEI
Trang 3Ofidg difHg pJidp UM S6 6 (339i:J!ig^
viiri ngudri dd thdnh nidn phpm tdi, nguoc lai quan Tpi B i l u 67 vd B i l u 68, quy djnh ciia cdc *
d i l m khdc cho rdng cd t h i dp dung ddi vdi cd ngudi chua bdo ddm xir ly tnjdng hpp thdi hpn
iixf-da thdnh niSn vd ngudi chua thdnh nidn pham tdi ho^c dupe tam dinh chi chdp hSnh hinh ph?' "
Thir lim, B i l u 59 quy djnh; "Ngudi pham tdi cd hoae ddi hon thdi hidu thi hdnh bdn dn Mat k^'^'^'
thd duac m i l n hinh phpt n l u thude tmdng hop quy d i l u ludt ndy cQng chua quy dinh vi|c hodn, t?m
djnh tai khodn 1 vd khodn 2 B i l u 54 cua B6 luat nay chl chdp hdnh hinh phat hj chung thdn, tu hm "
md dang dupe khoan hdng dac biOt nhung chua den khdng cho hoan, tpm dinh chi chdp hdnh hin P ?
mire dupe m i l n trdch nhidm hinh su" Nhu vdy d l chung thdn, tir hinh thi cQng phdi quy "V'^ '^'*
dupe midn hinh phpt ngudi phpm t j i phdi cd It nhdt trong ludt ^
02 tinh tidt gidm nhp quy dinh tai khodn 1 B i l u 51 vd Tpi khodn 2 Bidu 69 quy dinh; "Ngudi bj ket dn do
ngudi dd phdi pham tdi Idn ddu, ddng thdi Id ngudi ldi vd y v l tdi phpm It nghidm trpng, ldi P^^'" "9*^'^'"
gidp sire trong vp dn ddng phpm nhung ed vai trd trpng va ngudi dupe m i l n hinh phpt khdng b| cdi
khdng ddng k l Quy djnh ndu trdn chua thuc s u phii cd dn tich" vd khddn 1 Bidu 107 guy dinh; " 1 Ngudi
hpp vd chua ddm bdo nguydn tdc cdng bang trong dudi 18 tudi bi k i t an duoc coi Id khdng cd an tich,
ludt hinh su ndu thuOe mOt trong cac trudng hpp sau ddy; a)
Bdn cpnh dd, B i l u 60 cung chua quy djnh thdi Ngudi tir dii 14 d i n dudi 16 tudi; b) Ngudi tir dii 16
hidu thi hdnh dn d i i vdi bdn dn dp dpng hinh phat tnic tudi d i n dudi 18 tudi bi k i t dn v l tdi pham II nghidm
xudt trpng, tdi phpm nghiem trpng hope tpi phpm rdt
Tpi khodn 5 Bidu 63 quy dinh; "Bdi vdi ngudi d5 nghiem trpng do vd y; e) Ngudi bj dp dung bidn phdp
dupe gidm mdt phdn hinh phpt md Ipi thuc hi^n hdnh t u phdp quy dinh tpi Mpc 3 Chuang ndy" Nhu vdy,
vl phpm tdi mdi nghldm trpng rdt nghidm trpng hope ddy id nhOng trudng hpp khdng bi coi id cd dn tich,
ddc biOt nghidm tnjng, thi Tda dn chi xdt giam Idn ddu do dd, viOe quy dinh ndi dung ndy vdo cdc dieu ludt vd
sau khi ngudi dd da chdp hdnh dupe hai phdn ba xda dn tich Id chua phu hpp vd ky thudt Idp phdp
mire hinh phpt chung hodc trudng hpp hinh phat T/)i>cWn, khddn 1 Bidu 75 dd dua ra cdc d i l u kidn
Chung Id til Chung than thi vide xdt gidm dn thuc hien d l cd t h i truy ciru trdch nhidm hinh s u ddi vdi phdp
thee quy dinh tpi khodn 3 B i l u nay" Quy dinh ndy nhdn thuang mai gdm; (i) Hdnh vi pham tdi dudc thuc
chua thuc su phii hap, bdi n l u mdt ngudi da duoc hidn nhdn danh phdp nhdn thuang mai; (ii) Hdnh vi
gidm mdt phdn hinh phat ma lai thue hidn hanh vi pham tdi dupe thyc hidn vi ipi Ich ciia phdp nhdn
phpm tdi mdi dac biet nghidm trpng vd hi k i t dn tii thuong mai; (iii) Hanh vi pham tpi duoc thuc hidn cd
Chung thdn (tdng hpp hinh phat chung Id tii chung s u chi dao, dieu hdnh hoae c h i p thudn ciia phdp
thdn) cd thd duoc xdt gidm Idn ddu sau khi da chdp nhdn thuang mai; (iv) Chua h i t thdi hi§u truy ciru
hdnh dupe 15 nam tii Trong khi dd, ngudi khac da trdch nhipm hinh s u Tuy nhiSn, do ddy la 04 dieu kipn
dudC gidm mdt phin hinh phat ma lai thuc hidn hanh ddc idp vd phdi cd du cdc d i l u kiSn ndy mdi truy ciru
vi phpm tdi mdi vd bi k i t dn til cd thdi han (tdng hpp trdch nhidm hinh s u cua phdp nhSn thuong mpi,
hinh phpt Chung Id 30 ndm) chl cd thd dupe xet gidm song, d i l u kidn thir nhdt vd d i l u kidn thir ba i^i,„g
Idn ddu sau khi da chdp hanh dupe hai phdn ba mire nhu chua ddc IdP vdi nhau vl thuc t l , ndu hanh vi
hinh phat Chung (tuc Id It nhdt 20 ndm til) phpm tdi dupe thuc hidn nhan danh phap n | , j „
Ei Ddn chO & Phdp lu^t
Trang 49f)Ag dtfmg phdp bidl S6 6 (339) - 2020
thuang mgi thi khdng t h i Igi cd trudng hgp khdng cd
sg chi dgo, d i l u hdnh, chdp thudn cua phdp nhdn
thuang mgi vd ngugc Igi, n l u da cd s u chi dgo, dieu
hdnh hay chdp thudn cua phdp nhdn thuang mgi thi
chlnh Id dd nhdn danh phdp nhdn r l i Han nua, phdp
nhdn khfing cd tri gIdc d l hdnh dOng dugc md mgi
hogt dOng phdi thdng qua ngudi dgi diOn cua nd
Khodn 2 D i l u 75 quy djnh: "Vi^c phdp nhdn
thuang mgi phgm tOi chju trdch nhi$m hinh s g khdng
logi tn> trdch nhlOm hinh sg cua cd nhdn" Nhung
phgm vl cd nhdn ndo thuOc phdp nhdn phdi chju trdch
nhiOm hinh sg Igi khdng dugc d l cdp eg t h i , d i l u ndy
c6 t h i ddn d i n vi^c dp dyng phdp ludt mOt cdch tiiy
lign, thieu thing nhlt trong thgc t i l n
D l ddm bao sg thdn trpng c I n thilt, BO ludt Hinh
sg ndm 2015 chi quy djnh trdch nhiOm hinh sg d i i vdi
33 tOi danh thuOc nhdm cdc tOi xdm phgm trdt t g qudn
\<l kinh t l , cdc tOi phgm v l mdi tnj'dng vd cdc tOi xdm
phgm an todn cfing cOng, trdt t g cdng cOng Doi vdi
nhdm tOi phgm khdc thi trdch nhipm hinh sg d l l vdi
phdp nhdn chua dugc ddt ra nhu nhdm cdc tdi pham
v l chi>c vy Thgc t i l n cho thiy, nhung tOi pham ndy
hodn todn cd t h i dugc thgc hidn bdi cdc phdp nhdn
Hi$n nay, BO ludt Hinh sg ndm 2015 dd b l sung quy
fljnh v l trdch nhipm hinh su cda phdp nhdn thuang
mgi nhung lai khdng dp dung ddi vdi tdi mua bdn
ngudi, tOi dua hdi 10, tOi nhdn hoi Id thi se d i n d i n sg
xung dot giua quy djnh cua BO ludt Hinh su ndm 2015
vdi mOt s i cdng udc q u I c te v l phdng, chdng tpi
phgm md Viet Nam Id thdnh vien
Phdp nhdn thuang mgi phdi chju trdch nhidm hinh
sg khi vi phgm cdc trudng hgp ludt djnh v l rua t i l n
vd tdi trg khung b l , ddy Id mdt diem mdi phu hgp vdi
cdc cdng udc md Vi$t Nam tham gia, phu hgp vdi
ttigc t i l n d nude ta hi§n nay Ddy Id 02 tOi phgm ddc
bi§t nguy hilm, tdc dOng x l u tdi nhieu phuong dien
cua xd hOi, tuy nhidn, phdp lu^t mdi chi quy dinh
tnfdng hgp cd nhdn phdi chju trdch nhi^m hinh sg trong giai dogn chuIn bj phgm tOi nhung lai chua quy djnh trdch nhipm hinh s g d i i vdi phdp nhdn thuang mai trong giai doan chudn bj phgm tOi Id chua phu hgp vdi thgc t i l n Phdp nhdn thuong mgi Id doanh nghidp hogc cdc t l chirc kinh t l khdc dugc thdnh Idp nhdm myc dich chinh Id tim k i l m Igi nhudn vd Igi nhudn dugc chia cho cdc thdnh vidn Vipc phdp nhdn thuong mgi chju trdch nhiOm hinh sg khfing logi tn> trdch nhiOm hinh s g ciia cd nhdn, tuc Id phdp nhdn thuong mgi Id t l chuc, hogt dOng dga trdn cdc hdnh
vi cua cd nhdn nhdn danh "minh", dgi diOn cho "minh",
vi vdy, ngudi nhdn danh phdp nhdn thuang mgi, dgi dien cho phdp nhdn thuong mgi thgc hi^n hdnh vi phgm tOi phdi chju trdch nhidm hinh su cung tOi danh
d i i vdi phdp nhdn thuong mgi, cdc hdnh vi phgm tOi cua phdp nhdn thuang mgi d i u do cd nhdn nhdn danh minh thgc hidn, tuc Id khi phdp nhdn thuang mai phgm tOi cung se trdi qua giai dogn chudn bj phgm lOi Phdp nhdn thuong mgi cd t l chuc, cd t i l m Igc v l kinh t l , v l nhdn Igc Idn mpnh hon cd nhdn nhieu l l n nen khi thuc hien hdnh vi phgm tpi, ke cd khi thuc hiOn hdnh vi trong giai dogn chuIn bj phgm tfii thi phdp nhdn thuang mgi cd khd ndng gdy thiOt hai Idn han so vdi hanh vi chuIn bj phgm tOi cOa cd nhdn
D i l u 78 quy dinh v l hinh phat "Dinh chi hogt dOng
cd thdi hgn" d i i vdi phdp nhdn thuong mgi phgm tOi nhu sau; "Dinh chi hoat dfing cd thdi hgn Id tgm dung hoat dfing cua phdp nhdn thuong mai trong mfit ho$c mOt so ITnh vgc ma phdp nhdn thuang mgi phgm tOi gdy thidt hai d i n tinh mang, sue khde con ngudi mdi trudng ho$c an ninh, trdt tg, an todn xd hOi vd hdu qua gdy ra cd khd ndng khdc phyc trdn thgc t l " Quy djnh ndy chua thgc su chlnh xdc vl n l u gdy thi§t hgi den "tinh mgng' (doan tni'dc) md hdu qua gdy ra Igi
"cd khd ndng khdc phyc trdn thgc t l " (doan sau) Id chua dung vi gdy thi$t hgi d i n tinh mgng rd rdng
Ddn chCi & Phdp lu^t B l
Trang 5dfidg dung pJtdfi laM Sa6(33?)j2?? khdng t h i khdc phgc ducrc
Bidu 82 quy djnh cdc bidn phap Ixt phdp dp dung
ddi vdi phdp nhan thucmg mpi pham tdi chl d l cdp
ddn thdm quyin dp dung ciia Tda dn Tuy nhidn, qua
trinh didu tra tdi phgm do phdp nhan thuang mai thuc
hidn thudng kdo dai trong giai doan dilu tra n l u
khdng kip thdi ap dung cdc bidn phdp t u phdp ddi vdi
phdp nhdn thudng mai nhu; Bupc khdi phyc Ipi tinh
trpng ban ddu hay budc thi/e hi$n mdt sd bidn phdp
nhdm khdc phpc, ngdn chdn hdu qud tidp tgc xay ra,
md phSi ehd ddn khi Tda dn xdt xir vd quylt dinh thi
khdng ddm bdo dupe myc dich dp dyng ciia cdc bidn
phdp ndy
2 Mpt s6 kidn nghj, dd xudt hodn thidn
Vdi mdt sd bdt cdp, hpn ehd trong quy djnh tai
phdn Chung eiia Bd ludt Hinh su ndm 2015 nhu da
phdn tich d trdn, theo tdc gid, cdn thidt phdi sira ddi,
bd sung mdt sd quy dinh tpi phdn ndy theo hudng sau
ddy;
• D/dir l.Co'sd' cua trich nhl^tn hinh s^r
1 Chl ngudi nao phpm fd' dd dupe Bd ludt Hinh
su quy dinh mdi phdi chju trdch nhidm hinh su
2 Chi phdp nhdn thuang mai ndo pham tdi da
dupe quy djnh tai B i l u 76 ciia Bd ludt ndy mdi phai
chju trdch nhidm hinh su
- D/dir 9 Phan loai tgi pham
2 Tdi phpm dp phdp nhan thuong mai thuc hien
dupe phdn lopi can cir vdo tinh chdt vd mire dp nguy
hilm cho xd hdi cua hdnh vi phpm tpi theo quy djnh
tpi khoan 1 D i l u ndy va quy djnh tuang irng d i i vdi
cdc tdi phpm duac quy dinh tpi B i l u 76 cua Bd ludt
ndy md /chdng phi,: thu^c vao /opi hinh ph?t dp dyng
dd/ vdi phip nhdn thuong mai
• B/du 10 c d y ph^m (pi
DiSu 10a Ldi cua p/idp nhdn
• Diiu 18 Cha gliu tgi pham
Wi Ddn chO & Phdp lu^t
2 Ngudi che gidu tdi phpm Id dng, bd, ch^' '"^'
con, chdu, anh chj em njdt, vp ho?c chdng cua ngu i pham tdi khdng phdi chju trdch nhISm hinh sy theo quy djnh lai khoan 1 Bidu nay, tnJ InrdnS '"'P * °
gidu cdc ldi xdm phpm an ninh qude gia hodc '^' l'^'^"
Ii t0i p/ipm ddc d/dl ngWdm (rpng quy i'l"^ " ' ° ' ^ "
389 cua Bd ludt ndy
• D/du 19 Khdng (d glic (di phaf
2 Ngudi khdng td gidc Id dng, bd, cha, mp, con, chdu, anh chi em mdt, vp hodc chdng ciia ngudi phpm tdi khdng phdi chju trdch nhidm hinh s y Iheo quy djnh tai khodn 1 B i l u nay tn> trudng hpp khdng
td gidc cdc (dl xdm pham an ninh quSc gia hodc tdi
khdc id tdi pham dac bipt nghidm Irpng
• Bliu 2S Cin cir miln ttich nhlim hlith sy
1 Ngudi phpm tdi dupe miln trdch nhidm hinh si/ khi cd mdt trong nhOng can cir sau ddy;
a) Khi tiin hinh diiu tra, truy t6, xM xCr, do cd sir thay d6i chlrth sich, phip luit lim cho hinh viphgm tdi khdng cdn nguy hiim cho xS hdi nira:
b) Khi cd quylt djnh dpi xd;
c) Da hit thai hieu truy ciru trich nhiem hinh sir; d) Ngudi pham tdi tu y nua chimg chdm ddt vi$c pham tdi
e) Ngud) pham (di gian diep thugc trudng hgp quy djnh lai khoan 4 Biiu 110 cua Bd luit nay
2 Ngudi pham tdi ed the dupe mien trdch nhidm hinh sy khi cd mpt trong cdc can cir sau ddy; a) Khi t i l n hdnh d i l u tra, tnjy td, xdt xir do chuyin
b i l n cua tinh hInh md ngudi phpm tdi khdng cdn nguy
h i l m cho xa hdi nua;
b) Khi t i l n hanh d i l u tra, tray td, xdt xir, ngudi phpm tdi mdc bdnh h i l m nghdo ddn d i n khdng cdn khd nang gdy nguy h i l m cho xa hdi nOa;
c) Tn/dc khi hanh vi phpm tdi bi phat gijc ^^^^^.^
Trang 6%dg dipig fihiift UiM Sd 6 (339) - 2020
phpm tOi bt thd, khai rd su vide, gdp phdn cd hidu qud
vdo vide phdt hidn vd didu tra tdi phpm, cd gdng han
ehd din mire thdp nhdt hdu qua cua tpi pham vd lap
cdng Idn hodc cd cdng hiln ddc bidt, difpc Nhd nude
vd xd hdi thira nhdn;
tl) Ngudi dudi 18 tu6i pham (di (hupc truimg hpp
quy dinh (pi khodn 2 Biiu 91 cita fid /ud( hiy,
d) Ngu^i ph^m tdi di chii ddng ichai ddo tru^ khi
bi phit gidc Ihufic trudng hgp quy djnh (pi khoin 7
Biiu 364 hodc khodn 6 Bidu 365 cua fid lu$l niy:
e) Ngudi ph^m (di tfs cd hdnh dpng can ngan
ngudi ph^m (di hodc hpn ehd (dc h^l cda tdi ph^m quy
dinh Ifi khoin 2 Biiu 390 ciia Bd lu$t niy
3 Ngudi thuc hidn tdi phpm nghidm trpng do vd y
hodc tdi phpm It nghidm trpng gdy thidt hpi v l tinh
mpng, sire khde, danh dy, nhdn phdm hodc tdi san
cda ngudi khdc, da ty nguypn sua chOa, bdi thudng
thidt hai hodc khdc phyc hdu qud vd duac ngudi bi
hpi hodc ngydi dpi didn hpp phdp cua ngudi bi hpi ty
nguydn hda gidi vd dl nghi miln trdch nhidm hinh sy,
thi cd thd dupe miln trach nhidm hinh sy
- Biiu 59 Miin h'ltth ph^t
Ngydi phpm tdi cd thi dyac miln hinh phpt ndu
ph^m til tin diu Ihudc trudng hgp quy dinh tai khoin
1 hope ithodn 2 Didu 54 cua Bp lu$t niy ma ddng
dupe khoan hdng ddc bidt nhyng chya den mire
dupe miln trdch nhidm hinh su
- Bidu 60 Thdi hi^u Ihl hanh bin in
1 Thdi hidu thi hdnh bdn dn hinh su id thdi han do
Bd ludt ndy quy djnh md khi hit thdi hpn dd ngudi bj
kdt an, phap nhan thuang mai bj kdt dn khdng phdi
chdp hdnh ban dn da tuydn
2 Thdi hipu thi hdnh bdn dn hinh sy ddi vdi ngudi
bj kit dn dupe quy djnh nhu sau;
a) 05 ndm ddi vdi cdc trydng hpp xCr phat tiln, cai
tpo khdng giam giii', (rvc xuat hope xir phpt tii tir 03
ndm trd xudng;
- Biiu 63 Glim mire hinh phat da luyin
5 Bdi vdi ngudi da dupe giam mdt phdn hinh phpt
md Ipi thuc hidn hdnh vi phpm tdi mdi nghidm trpng, rdt nghidm trpng hoae dac bidt nghidm trpng, thi Tda
dn chl xet gidm Idn ddu sau khi ngudi dd da chip
hdnh dupe hai phdn ba mire hinh phpt chung ho$c 20 nim trong trudng hgp hinh ph^t chung ii tu chung thin
- Biiu 75 Diiu k/pn chju Irich nhl^m hinh s[r ciia phap nhin thuong m#/
1 Phdp nhdn thuang mpi chi phdi chiu trdch nhidm hinh su khi cd dij cdc dilu kidn sau ddy;
a) Hinh vi ph?m (di dut?G thi/c hi^n vi Igi ich cua phip nhin thuong mai;
b)Hinh vl ph^m tdi dugc thi/c hl^n cd su chl d^o, diiu hinh hope chip thu$n ciia phip nhin thtiong m^i;
c) Chua hit Ihdl hi$u Injy ciiu trich nhi$m hinh si/ quy dinh lai khoin 2 vi khoin 3 Biiu 27 ciia Sd luit niy
• Biiu 76 Pham vi chiu trich nhi'dm hinh sfr ciia phap nhan Ihuvng mat
Phdp nhan thuong mpi phdi chju trdch nhiem hinh
su v l tdi pham quy djnh tai mdt trong cdc dilu 150,
f5M88,189, 190,191,192.193,194, 195,196,200,
203, 209, 210, 211, 213, 216, 217, 225, 226, 227,
232, 234, 235, 237, 238, 239, 242, 243, 244, 245,
246, 300, 324, 354 vi 364 cua Bd ludt ndy
- Bleu 78 Binh chi hoal dgng cd (hdi han
1 Binh chi hoat dpng ed thdi han Id tpm dirng hoat ddng ciia phdp nhdn thudng mai trong mdt hodc mdt
sd Itnh vyc md phdp nhdn thuang mpi phpm tdi gdy
thiit hai din sic khde con ngudi, mdi trudng hoican ninh, tr$t tu, an toin xS hgi vi hiu qui giy ra cd khi ning khio phi,ic trdn thuc li
Ddn chCt & Phdp lu$t B l
Trang 72idg.difltgfJuifi.lu4l S66 (339) aozu
- Diiu 82 Cac bign phip lir phip ap dung doi
vol phip nhin thtrong mai pham tgi
1 Co quan diiu tra, Vidn kiim sii, Toa drr cd t h i
quylt dinh dp dyng cdc bidn t u phap sau day ddi vdi
phap nhdn thirong mpi phpm tdi'
a) Cdc bidn phdp t y phdp quy djnh tpi Bieu 47 vd
B i l u 48 ciia Bd ludt ndy:
b) Budc khdi phuc Ipi tinh trang ban ddu;
c) Budc thue hi$n mdt sd bipn phdp nhdm khdc
phyc, ngan chdn hdu qud t i l p lyc xdy ra
2 Co quan didu (ra Wdn kiim sit Tda dn cd
quydt djnh dp dyng bidn phdp tu phdp W''^ P ^ nhdn thuang mpi phpm tdi phdi khdi p h i « : ' ? ' ' " trang ban ddu da bj thay ddi do hdnh vi' ph?m ph?rn tpi ciia minh gdy ra
3 can cu vdo tirng tnrdng hap phsm "5' '=''' * = •
Co quan didu (ra, Wdn kiim sit Toa in cd t h i q u y l t djnh budc phdp nhdn thuang mpi ph!m ' * ' f^^' ' ' " " ^
hidn mdt hddc mdi sd bidn phdp sau ddy nhdm khde
phyc, ngdn chdn hdu qud ciJa tdi
P^^"'- •
Ban ve Ooi tirong cua hop dong (Ttip lliL'O Irniis l^)
Thgc te, npi dung ciia quyen thuong mai trpng
quan hp md cac thuang nhan nhupng quyen va nhan
quyen chuyen giao cho nhau bao gdm rat nhieu yeu
td Khdng chi dimg lai d ten thuong mai, nhan hieu,
khau hieu kinh doanh, bieu tupng kinh doanh, bi
quyet kinh doanh nhu trong Luat Thuong mai nam
2005 da lipt ke ma cd the la sang che, kieu dang
cong nghipp, ban quyen tac gia ddi cac tai lieu
hudng dan hay tham chi la ca cung each phuc vu,
dong phyc ciia nhan vien, each thiic bai tri ciia hang,
thiet ke khong gian tiong ciia hang De khde phuc
tinh tipng nay, cd the thuc hien theo each thiic md
rpng npi ham khai niem quyen thuong mai bdng viec
bd sung vao quy djnh ttong Luat Thuong mai nam
2005 cdc ddi tupng da neu 6 Uen Tuy nhien, each
giai quyet nay chi mang tinh chit tam thcri, khdng
thau dao Vi thuc te hoat dpng nhupng quySn ciia
cac thuong nhan ngay cang phat triSn, cac ddi tupng
cau thanh nen quyen thuang mai ngay mpt phong
phu theo sy sang tpo cua ben nhuc?ng quyfen nen ndu
giai quyet bang each bd sung cac ddi tuong vao quy
E l Ddn chCi & Phdp ludt
djnh cua Lupt thi sd dan ddn tinli ttang phap luat thuong mai ludn phai "chay dua" theo thyc te Do
do, nen giai quydt bit cap ve phap luat dieu chinh quydn thuang mai bang each xay dung khai nipm quydn thuang mai dudi dang rapt "goi quyen" vdi npi dung md Vice xac dinh npi ham eiia "gdi quyen thuong mai" trong hoat dpng nhugng quydn thuoc
ve ben nhuc;mg quyen tren co sd sy sang tao cung nhu dac diem ve ITnh vuc kinh doanh ciia minh xac dinh mpt each phii hap Kien nghj nhu vay la vi thucmg nhan nhupng quyen la chu the sang tao va dat nSn mdng cho he thdng nhuong quyen tdn tai va phat ttidn Vi vay, hp se cd quyin va cd kha nang xac djnh nhiing yeu td nao la cdn thiet de hinh thanh nen
md hinh kinh doanh thanh cdng eiia minh di eo thd nhupng lai cho cac thuang nhan khac ciing tiSn hanh hoat dpng kinh doanh Tat nhien, can phai ed cac nguyen I5c ttong viec xac dinh cac yeu to cdu thanh nen "gdi quyen thuong mai" dc uanh su lam quydn eiia ben nhupng quyen cd the xam pham quyJn ^j Ipi ich hpp phap ciia loan bp h? thdng •