MOT VAI NET VE THUC TRANG PHAM CHAT THEO QUAN DIEM H 6 CHI MINH * ThS NGUYEN T H U Y VAN A N H Nghien ciru sinh Hoc vien Bdo chi va Tuyen truyen 9 Tdm tat: Sinh thdi, Chu tich Ho Chi M
Trang 1MOT VAI NET VE THUC TRANG PHAM CHAT
THEO QUAN DIEM H 6 CHI MINH
* ThS NGUYEN T H U Y VAN A N H
Nghien ciru sinh Hoc vien Bdo chi va Tuyen truyen
9 Tdm tat: Sinh thdi, Chu tich Ho Chi Minh Mc biet nhdnmanh viec ren luyen phdm chdt nghe nghiep cita ngiidi ldm bao Qudn triet tii tiidng cua NgUdi, hdn 90 ndm qua, ddi ngU nhdngngiidi lam bdo cdch mang VietNam da khdngngiingren luyen, cd dUdcphdm chdtnghe nghiep tot, xUng ddng Id nhiing chien si tren mat trdn vdn hda, tU tUdng, cd "tdm sdng, ldng trong biit sac" Ben canh nhiing Uu diem, ddi ngii nha bdo hien nay cdng hoc Id khdng it nhttng han che, yeu kem vephdm chdt nghe n^iep Do vay, cdn co sii khdo sdt mat cdch todn dien de nhin nhdn, ddnh gid dting thiic trang vdn dendy, tUdd dexudt gidi phdp khac phuc
• Tii khda: phdm chdt nghe nghiep nhd bdo Viet Nam
dai, da sang lap ra nen bao chi each va dia phuang, voi eae dong bao chi dugc lua mang Viet Nam Nguoi da de lai nhflng chon eo tinh dai dien, eiing nhu xin y kign cac
di san vo gia eho nen bao chi each mang nircrc can bp lanh dao, quan ly cua eac co quan trung
ta, trong do c6 nhung quan diem co ban ve uongvS'vandSphSmehatnghenghiepnhabao pham chat nghe nghiep nha bao Trong cae hien nay theo quan dilm Hd Chi Minh
pham chat nghe nghiep cua nha bao, HS Chi Qua khao sat bang phieu hoi va phong van Ivlinh dac biet nhan manh ve pham chat: (i) sau, chung toi nhan thay, phan lon nha bao Viet ehinh tn, tu tuong; (ii) dao due, loi song; (iii) Nam deu nhan thiie ro ve pham chat chi'nh tri ehuyen mon, nghiep vu va Qi thuc van hoa, von cSn co So dong ho deu co ban linh chinh tti song xa hoi vimg vang, kien dinh, trung thanh voi Dangi
1 \l phSm chat chinh tri, tir tiroTig cua khong ngung phan dau vl loi ich ciiadatnuocva
nha bao nhan dan Ho luon luon giu vimg duo^ pj^j^
Niim 2018, chung toi tien hanh khao sat, xin y chft dao diic each mang, co loi song lanh manh, kien hon 400 nhii hao va phong viin sau giin 20 trong sang, khong loi dung nghg nghiep devulgi
Trang 2_ii
va lam ttdi phap luat Cac nhd bdo dupc khao sat
deu dd trai qua cdc khda ddo tao chinh tri bai
ban Ngoai ra, qua phdng van, chung tdi cung
thay nhdn thiic chinh tri ciia sd ddng nhd bdo tdt
khdng chi do yeu edu cua cdng viec ma edn do
cac nha bdo da dupe ttang bi nhung kiln thire CO
ban vl chu nghia Mdc - Leiun, tu tudng Hd Chi
Minh ttong qua trinh bpe tap tai trudng dai hpe,
cao ddng Vdi nhung nha bao cd trinh dp cao
hon (thac si, tien si), hp cdn duoc hpc nhimg
khda chuyen sau vl ly ludn chinh tri Van d l edn
ban dat ra d ddy Id miic dp ehuyin tu nban tbiic
sang thdi dp va hanh vi trong thuc tiin
VI thai dp, cung gidng nhu nhdn thiic, phan
lon thai dp chinh tri cua nha bdo diu d mue tdt
va rat tdt Chiing tdi da tiln hanh kiem dmh T
-Test dl tim ra su khde biet gida nhdm nba bdo
nam va nha bao nir vdi bieu hien" Toi khdng so
bi tra thu khi len tiing hao velepbaf Kit qua
kiim dinh cho thay, ttong kiim dinh phuang sai
tdng the (Lenene), sig - 0,041 < 0,05, chiing td cd
sukhac nhau giua cdc nhdm nha bdo nam vd nhd
bao nir ddi vdi thdi dd sp bi tta thu khi len tieng
bao ve Ie phai Cu thi Id, sd nbd bdo nam kbdng
sp hi tra thii khi lin tieng bao ve II phdi nhieu hon
so nha bao nu Gid tri trung bmh cua nhd bdo
nam ttong cdu tta Idi nay cao hon so vdi mi 0,63
VI hanh vi, cdc bieu bien danh gid banh vi
chinh tri, cde nha bdo diu dat miie tuong doi tdt,
totvarattdt{muc3,4,5ttdIln).6biluhien"rdi"
luon d&tlaiich quocgia, congdongvatap thilen
trenloiich ca nhan", ty Ie nha bao chpn mirc dp
4 la cao nhat (40,6%) cho thdy hanh vi chinh tti
ciia nha bdo rat tdt Bieu hien "Tdi ludn ludn
chap hinh tit cac quy dinh cua phap luat, chu
tnamgcua Dang, chinh sich ciia Nha nuoi' ed
gia tri tiung binh cao nhdt (gid tri trung binh =
4,28), t^le ngudi chon miic 5 cao nhdt Bieu hien
2: "Toi luon luon tuyen truyin, giiip da nguoi
khacthuchien diing cic quy dinh cuaphapluat chu truong cua Ding, chmh sach cua Nha nunc",
tyIenhdbaochpndmuc3,4,5deuld28,l%
Ve su thdng nhat giua nhan thue, thdi dp va hanh vi, chung tdi tbdy gia tri trung binh cua cdc bieu Men v l pham chdt chinh tri tdt, phdn bd deu d ca nban thue, thai dp va hanh vi 6 mot sd bieu hiln, ty 11 nhd bdo dat mue tdt ve pham chat cbinh tn rat eao Khi tta Idi phdng van sdu, cac nhd bdo da lam ro ban van d l ndy Theo hp, cde nba bdo Viet Nam diu tich cue tham gia, ddng gdp vao cdng eude ddi mdi, xay dung va bao ve Td qude, tuyen truyen cbu nghia Mdc -LInin, tu tudng Ho Chl Minh, dudng ldi, chu truang cua Dang, chinb sdch, pbdp ludt eua Nhd nudc Khdng chi diinglai dtuyen truyen, cde nhd bao cdn pban tieh nguyen nhdn ctia thuc trang Tbdi gian qua, hdu hit cac vti tiiu cue, tham nhung Idn dupe phdt hien va xu ly diu cd edng ddu cua cac nha bdo Hp cinig di dau trong viec
thdng tm, myln truyen, phdt hien guong "ngudi
tdt, viec tdf, guong diln binh tien tiln, nhiing
tam Idng nban di, nhimg sdng kiln hay, nhiing kinh nghiem tdt vd nbiing phuang phap lam viec hieu qua Tbong qua viec phdt bien vd bieu duong guong ngudi tdt viec tdt, ddu ttanh cbdng edc quan dilm sai ttai, diu dich vd tieu CLTC, cdc nhd bao da gdp phan nhdn rdng Idi sdng dep va day lui tieu cue ttong xa hdi Kit qua dieu tta cua cdc nha bao chdng tiiu cue xa hdi duoc du ludn
ling bd vi da "diim mat chi ten" tiing ddi tupng,
su viec eu till, cung cap nhiing thdng tin ban ddu, gitip cac ea quan chuc nang vdo cudc Nhieu nha bdo cdn till hiln vai trd tien phong ttong dau ttanh tiJ tudng ly luan, vaeh ttan am
muu, diu doan "diSn biin hda binh "cua cdc the
lire tiiu dich Tinb ttong ba nam gan ddy, da ed gdn 1.000 phdng vien, ttIn 300 lupt co quan bdo chi da tap tirung myen tiiiyln, khdng dinh cbu
IY LUAN CHfNHTR!-S6 6/2019
Trang 3iL T H l / C T I E N - K I N H NGHIEM
quyen khdng the chdi eai eua Viet Nam ddi vdi
qudn ddo Hoang Sa, Trudng Sa Dac biet, cdc
r±a bdo edn dl xuat giai phap, kiln nghi cd tinh
kba thi cho Cbinh phu; giup nhdn dan bieu rd
tmh Mnh, nhdm tao ra su tm tudng, ddng thuan
ttong xahpi
Ben canh nhting uu diem pbam chat chinh tri,
ttong qud ttinh tdc ngbiep, mot bp phan nha bdo
Viet Nam van bdc Id nhung ban chl nhat dinb
Mdt sd nha bdo nban tbuc chua day du ve cac
pbam chdt chinh tti can cd eua minh, tinh ehinh
tii, tinh Dang ebua eao Kit qua khao sat ebo thay
biiu hiln vl:" Tdi chu dong tham du cac khda
hoc chinh tri de nang cao hiiu biit ciia bin
than", gia tii tiimg buih cua cae nha bao lua chpn
a muc thdp nhdt (mean = 2,88) Tuy mean nay
van ban miic trung bmh (2,5) nhung dieu dd ebo
thay tinh ti'ch cite ndng cao nhdn thuc ehinh tri
eua mdt sd nhd bdo chua cao va chua cbu ddng
Kit qua khao sdt chi ra rdng, khdng cd sir
thdng nhat hodn toan giiia nhan thtrc, thai dp vd
hanh vi chinb tri cua nha bdo Ddi khi, nhting chi
sd bieu Men khdng ty le thudn vdt nhau, bode
chua tuong thich
2 VI phSm ch3t dao due Cac nha bdo deu khang dinh vai ttd quan trpng cua pham chat dao diic ddi vdi ngudi lam bao ttong bdi canh hien nay Nhiiu nha bdo khdng dinh rdng ddy Id pbam chat cdn nhdt ddi vdi nhd bao Viet Nam vi hp phai ddi mat vdi nhiiu thach thiic va cam dd
VI thai dp, cd the thdy rdng phan lon cac nha bao diu say me, tdm huyet vdi nghl, gan bd vdi nhdn dan, vdi thuc tiln, cd y thue giu ^ ban sae van boa, tiiiyln thdng tdt dep eua dan tdc Ty 11 cdc nha bdo cho rang bieu hiln ludi hpc bdi cM
tdn tai trong mdt bd pban nha bao "Ich ky, vu
Im ci nhan" va "ghen ghet, doky vdi nguoi hon mmh" la hai bieu Mdn vl thai dp cd t^ 11 ngudi
lua chpn phuang an "khong cd" bdng nhau
(3,1%) Ca hai bieu hiln ndy diu cd gia tri trung binh Idn hem 2,8
Hinh 1 ebo thay, ty le edc nha bdo yeu tMch nghl bdo la Ion nhdt (68.8%) va khdng ed ai chpn
phuong an "khdng yBu thich" 6 nhung nghl
nghiip khde, cac nha bao deu cd sir yeu thich nhdt dinh Miie dd yeu tMch cac nghe nghiep cd the dira tren sd thich cua ban thdn nhung cting Hinh 1 MIIC do yeu thich cac nghfi nghiep cua nha bao
100% —
90% ( ^
80%
70%
60%
50%
40% •
30% •
20% 1
10% 1
m i
m i
H
^ i
1
1 !
' -1
a
I
III
*^ ,!,C^
^ • ^ ^ ^ • ' ^ 1 * ^ 1 ^
thichB Blnhthucrna • Khonaveuthich
Trang 4Ji
cho thay su am hieu cua nhd bao ve cac Iinh vuc
CO lien quan
Trong kM cMa se true tilp, edc nhd bao ddnh
gid cao nhiing ddng ngMep yen nghl, sdn sang
den nhung vung sau, vung xa, nhiing noi kbd
khan, nguy hiem, de phan dnh kip thai cde su
kien ndng bdng eua cupe sdng Hp khdng ngat
khd, ngai khd de cd dupc nhiing tac pham bdo
chi trung thuc, sinh ddng nhdt Cde nha bao
ciing the Men thdi dp cau thi, ham hpc hdi de
phdt trien ehuyen mdn, nghl ngbiep
Ve hanh vi, phdn Idn cac nha bao ludn ludn
doan kit, giup dd lan nhau Trong qud trinh tdc
nghiip, cac nhd bdo cung t h i Men quan dilm va
bao vl quan dilm diing dan cua minb trudc lanh
dao va ddng nghiep Tj' le cua bieu hien nay
dupc nhd bdo lua chpn la 53,1 % vdi miic dp Meu
ro va 9,4% vdi miic dp hilu rdt rd
Trung thuc, khach quan ciing la mdt ttong
nhiing hdnh vi ddng biiu duong d nhd bao kM tac
nghiep VdibieuMen "ddi tra, benh thanh tich",
CO 3,1% nhd bdo chpn phuong dn "khong cd",
68,8% chpn phuang an "chi ton tai trong mot bo
phan" Su tinmg tbuc, khdch quan edn t h i Men d
ty le nha bao cho rdng Men tupng "mo tin, dao
baf' va "dang tin bii giat gan, cau khich" d i u cd
ty le lira chpn phuong dn "kbdng cd" la 3,1 % vd
"cbi ton tai trong mdt bo phan" la tten 30% Tat
ca cac bieu Men vl hanh vi dao diic nghe ngMep
ctia nha bdo deu cd su lua chpn la "khdng cd"
Ngoai ra, cdc nha bao d i u ddng y rdng, ttong
mdi quan he vdd Td qude, dat nuoc, phan lon
nha bao Viet Nam da rdt tieh cue trong gidi
thieu, quang ba dat nudc, con ngudi, truyen
thdng, bdn sde ddn tdc Viet Nam vdi ban be
quoc tl Cde nha bao da ed hang nghin bai viit
tuyin tmyin van hda, thda man nhu can vdn
hoa, gidi tri cua nban ddn; quang bd ban sac vdn
hda dan tdc rathe gidi
Ben eanb dd, nhilu nha bdo Viet Nam cung ticb cue td chiie, tiiam gia cac hoat ddng xa bdi,
tu tMen; keu gpi cpng ddng, doanh ngMep, cdc nhd hao tam ddng gdp quy tinh ngMa, quy xda ddi gidm ngheo, ting bd ddng bao bi tbiln tai, cdc nan nhdn bi nMlm chat ddc hda hpc, nhiing gia dinh cbinh sdch khd khan, hd trp phong ttao the due till tiiao NMiu td bao da thdnh lap cac ban chuyen lam edng tac tu tMen Nhiing boat dpng cd y nghia ve dao due sdu sac dd da thue
su mang lai Mem tin, uy tin ctia eac nha bdo va dupe Dang, Nha nude, nhan dan ghi nhdn
Vl su thdng nhdt gitia nhan thtic, thdi dp vd hanb vi cho thay, ty le cac nha bdo chpn biiu Men tieu ctie nMeu nhat vl dao due nghl ngMep cbi tdn tai d mdt bd phan nhd bdo 10/12 gia tri tnmg binh ctia nhiing biiu Men nay diu tren miic trung binh chung, trong do eao nhat la biiu Men ve su "tdn trpng tti do ngdn ludn, tu do bdo cM" Bieu Men nay vugt hdn lin mdt mue so vdi nhiing biiu Men cdn lai Dieu dd cho thdy, miic
dp thdng nhdt nhat dinh giua nhdn thiie, thdi dp
va hanh vi dao diie nghl ngbiep cua nhd bdo Bin canh nhiing uu dilm, pham chat dao diic nghe ngMep nha bdo cung edn mdt sd ban chl
Dd Id, ttong kM da sd nhd bdo diu cd nhdn tiiiic dung dan ve dao due nghe bao tM mdt sd nhd bdo van nhan tiitic chua day dti ve nhiing pham ebdt can ed Mdt sd nhd bao chua Meu rd npi ham cua khdi mem dao diic nghe ngMep nha bdo, chua nam virng cae quy dinh vl dao diic nghl ngMep
ma hp can ed Tinh ttang nay cd till xuat pbat tii nMeu nguyin nhdn, ttong dd nguyen nhdn cbinh
la do hp ehua tiitjc su yiu nghl va tiiilu y tiitjc hpc
tap, tu dudng
VI thai dp, nhd bdo vdn cdn ed nhirng bieu
hien tieu cue Ty le nha bdo ebon miie "rat pho
biin" eho thdi dp "ich ky, vu loi ca nhan" Idn
nhat trong cac bieu hien (cMem 6,3%) Hien
LYLUAN CHINHTRj-So 6/2019
Trang 5E ^ THUCTIIN-KINHNGHIIM
tupng cac nha bdo "gften ghet, ddky vdi ngudi
Wiac" van cd 3,1 % ngudi cho la" raitphd bien" va
18,8% cho la cdn "pbSbiin" Mdt xu hudng cac
nhdm nhd bao ed tham min cdng tac cang lau
nam ddnh gid Men tupng nay d miic chi phd
biln ttong mdt bd pban hodc khdng phd biln,
cac nhd bdo ed tham men cang it cang thay Men
tuong ndy phd bien Vi du: cdc nhd bao cd tham
men edng tae 4 thdng ddnh gia Men tupng nay d
miic rat phd bien va phd bien nMiu nhdt (gid tri
trung binh la 1,17) Diem nay tuong ddng vdi kit
qua kM ebung tdi kiim dinh vl danh gid biiu
Men" CO hdi, a dua, xu ninh" vin nhdm nhd bdo
cd eung thdm min Nhdm nha bao cd tham men
30 nam danh gid la khdng pho bien hoac cM phd
bien ttong mdt bd phdn nhilu nhdt (gid tri trung
binh Id 3,83) Dilu ndy ehiing td biiu Men dd
ttong ldp nbd bdo tte nhilu ban
CMa se vdi chiing tdi, cac nba bao bay to su lo
ngai vl thdi dp tMeu ttdeh nMem, tMeu cdn nhdc
cua mpt sd nhd bdo kM dua tin tiic, nhdt Id cdc
tin qudc te Thdm cM, mdt sd nha bao dua thdng
tin mdt cMlu tii cdc ngudn tin nudc ngoai, thdng
tin bi dp dat theo tu tudng, quan diem cbinh tri
cua nudc ngoai ttai vdi quan dilm, dudng ldi ciia
Dang vd Nha mrdc ta Nhung thdng tin dd cd anh
hudng trtJc tiep tdi tinh hinh kmh te, chinh tri, xd
hdi ttong nudc, den tinh cam, thdi dp cua ngudi
dan cd thi gdy n i n nhiing Meu lam, tbu hdn, kich
ddng, gay bat lpi cho quan he vdi cae nude
Ve banh vi, hien tupng nha bdo loi dung chiic
vu, quyin ban nhd bao, co quan bao cM de true
lpi, tilp tay cho "nan phong bi" la dilu dang lo
ngai Vdi bieu Men" viet bai theo loi nhuan kinh
ti", ty le nha bdo ebo rdng "raf phd biin" Id
3,1 %, cho la "pho biin" lin den 25% Ty le ngudi
cho rdng, bieu hiln "chay chiic, chay quyen" rat
phd bien d nhd bao cao gap ddi so vdi bieu Min
" viit bii theo loi nhuan kinh ti' va 75% danh gid
Id" chl ton tai omot bdphan" Cdc nhd bdo duoc
phdng vdn kieh lilt phi phan Men tupng mdt so
ddng ngMep da loi dung dilu tta chdng tieu cue,
tham nhung, thu thdp dupc nhiing chung cu, tai heu quan ttpng, be Id thdng tin de de dpa, tdng tiln eae doanh nghiep Trong bdo chi hiln nay
cd hien tupng rat dang lo ngai la su lien ket khdng lanh manh giiia mdt sd phdng vien, hoac
mdt sd lanh dao ca quan bao chi d l cimg" tang
bdi', boac "ha be" mdt sd td chiic, cd nhan theo
kieu "hoi ding' Mpt sd nhd bao lpi dung nghe
bao nhdn pbong bi, qud hay cac Ipi ich khac d l viet tin bai theo kilu quang cdo, nup bdng guong ngudi tdt vile tdt, quang cdo trd hinh cho cac doanh ngMep, don vi kinh tl Thdm cM, mdt so
da kit bpp vira viit tui bai ve doanh nghiep, vira
ep doanh ngMep ky hpp ddng quang cao Theo kit qua khao sat "Nhdn dien hdnh vi true Ipi ttong tae ngMep bao cM" cua Trung tam nghien ctiu truyen thdng phdt triin" (RED) thupc lien hiep cac Hpi Khoa hpc ky thuat Viet Nam (VUSTA) cdng bd mdi day, cd 4 nhdm hanh vi true lot bao chi xay ra thdi gian qua, gdm: dpa ddm tdng tien; thdng ddng lpi ich nhdm; lien kit nhdm phdng vien; lpi dung danh ngMa nha bao
vd caquan bdo chi Ciing qua khdo sdt cho thdy, cde nhd quan ly bdo ehi va chuyen gia tmyen thdng cho rdng, hanb vi true lpi ttong tac nghiep bao cM xay ra cbu yeu a nhdm phdng vien bdo diln tu (chiem khoang 90%), tilp do la bdo in (40%), tmylnhinh (34%) vdphdt tiianh (10%) Ddng lo ngai la van cdn tdn tai nhting Men tijong be pbai, cue bd, ddi ttd, benh tiianh tich, khdng ttung thuc ttong lam bdo Qua khao sat bdng pMlu hdi, kit qua thu duoc ebo hien tiiong
"dangtin bii^atgari', "cohoi, a dua,xuninh"
vd "xao tm, dao bif duoc cho la rdt phd biln vdi
ty le nhd bdo lua chpn cao nhdt (6,3%), trong do
hiln tupng" dang tm bai giat gan" cd ty le nhd
Trang 6Jl
bao lua chpn phuong an "phd biin" cao nhdt
trong cdc biiu bien (56,3%) Cdc nhd bdo chia se
rang, niu tim kiim theo tu khda ve mdt van d l
dang "ndng" tai mdt thdi diem, ddc gid cd t h i
tim dupc rdt nhieu bdi viit na nd nhau, ehi" thay
ten, doi ho" nhdm dua canh tranh thdng tin
nhung khdng idnh manh
Vl su thdng nhat giiia nhan thire, thai dp va
hanh vi, chiing tdi thay gia tti trung buib cua cdc
bieu hien pham chat dao diie (ea nhdn thiie,
thdi dd va hdnh vi) dao dpng tti 2,41 den 3,25,
ttong dd 2 biiu Men vl hanh vi "xio thi, dao bii"
va "dang tin giit gin cau khach" cd mean dudi
tmng binh chung (2,5), cM cd 1 biiu hien dat
ttIn miic 3 Id thdi dO "khdng tdn trong tu do
ngonluin, tudo bao chi" Miic cao nhat cua gid
tri tmng binh chi dat hdnh vi nhdn thiic tuong
ddi tdt, cdn lai cac bieu hien kbac chi xIp vdo
mtic khdng binh thudng Dilu dd cho thay su
thdng nhdt giiia nhan thuc, thdi dp va hanb vi d
mdt bp phein nha bdo chua eao Cdc chi sd ndy
so vdi cM sd vl pham chdt chinh tri cung thap
hon Bieu bien: "noi khdng di ddi vol lim" cd ty
lenhabdolira ehpn Id "pAdfoidh" chilm 12,5%,
"chiton tai trong mot bo phan" chiem 78,1%,
cao thu ba so vdi 12 bieu Men vl pbain chdt dao
dtic Dieu nay phd hpp vdi nhdn dinh ctia eae
nha bao kM dua ra mpt sdMen tupng ttong thue
te, tuy rat am hilu ve dao diic nha bao nhung do
nhiing" cam dd" nhdt tiidi, ehi nhm tiiay cdi lai trude mdt nen "ndi mot ding lam mdt neo",
khdng phai vi khdng Meu ma la vi khdng cudng lai dupc siic cam dd eua vat chdt
3 Pham chat chuyen mon, nghiep vu, tri
thvc va van hoa, von song
VI nhan thuc, qua phdng van sdu, chiing tdi thdy phan Idn cac nha bdo deu cd nhdn tbiic dung ddn, day du v l pbam chdt ehuyin mdn, nghiep vu edn cd Trong sd 384 nhd bao dupc khao sdt bdng phieu hdi, tyle ve trinh dp chuyin mdn ctia nha bdo dupc the Men ttong hinh 2 Hinh 2 cho thdy, sdnha bao cd trinh dp dai hpc
vd sau dai hpc cMlm ty le Idn nhdt (50% tdt ngMep dai hpc bao cM, 37,5% tdt ngMep tiiac sy bdo ebi), trong so edc nha bao dupe phong van khdng cd trinb dp tmng cap va cao ddng Gia tri trung binh cua can hdi vl trinh dp dao tao bao cM eao nhat cua nha bao Id 5,3 Nhu vdy, da sd cae nhd bao deu tdt ngbiep dai hpe bdo chi ttd len Qua kit qua khao sat eho thay, nha bdo tu
danh gia minh d muc "hieu ratrd" eao nhat la d cac hilu biet ve "vithixahoicuanha bio", "vi
thixa hdi cua nghe bao"va "chiic nang ciia bao chi truyin tiidng' (ty 11 deu tu 25% trd len) Muc
"hiiu rd" cd ty le lua ehpn cao nhat d hieu biit
ve "cic chiic nang cua bao chi truyin thdn^'
Hinh 2 Trinh do chuyen mon cua cac nha bao dttffc khao sat
• (1)Chi/aquaddotaobaochi
' (3) Dai hoc bao chf
' (5) Tien sy bao chl
• (2)Da qua mptkhoa huan luyen bao ctii
I (4) Thac sy bao chl
L V L U A N CHI'NH T R ! - S o 6 / 2 0 1 9
Trang 7^ T H I / C T I I N - K I N H NGHIEM
(62,5%), sau dd den" V7" t/iexa hpi Ciia ng/ja'bao",
" quy dinh vi pham chit nghe nghiep cua nha
bao theo tu tuong Ho Chi Minh", "vi thixa hoi
cua nha bao" va "quy luit bao chi truyin
thdn^' 0 tat cd cac biiu Men nhdn thuc ndy
deu cd nhd bao ehpn phuang dn "hiiu ratrd"
(dao ddng tir 3,1 den 28,1%) vd hilu rd (dao
dpng tu 24,4 den 62,5%)
VI thai dp, vdi nhdn tbiic dung ddn, da sd eae
nba bao Viet Nam deu ed tbdi dp edu tbi, bam
hpc hdi de phat ttien pham chat ehuyen mdn,
dupc thi hien qua y kien tir nban dinh ve thai dp
eua nhd bao vl miie dp ddp ting ctia ban than ho
vdi nhiing pham chat chuyin mdn can cd
Hinh 3 chi ra rang, 13/14 bieu bien cd gid tri
trung binh d muc 3 (tuong ddi tdt) trd lin den
miic tdt Dieu ndy ehiing td phan Idn nha bao deu
ed hanh vi pham chat chuyin mdn, ngMep vu tdt
Trong kM cMa se mje tiep, cdc nbd bdo eung nhan manh vdn bilu biet sdu rdng Id mi diem cda mdt sd ddng ngMep Nhd bao kbi ldm viec vdi cdc ddi ttrong ngudi khuyit tat, ngudi mdc te nan xa hdi, ngoai nbung ky nang nghiep vu bao ehi can ban, tdm Idng nhdn ai, ddng cam, thdu hilu, bp edn phai tu hpc bdi de tim bieu ngdn ngu, cam xue cua nbung ddi tupng ndy Tham ebi, nhieu trudng hpp, nha bdo cdn phai nhdp tiidn, cd nhting ky nang de giu an toan ebo bdn tiian khi phai ddi mat vdi nguy hiem Tin hpc va ngoai ngu la hai ky nang dupc nba bao nhan manh Id uu thi cua bp ttong ky nguyen mdi, dae biet Id vdi nhiing nhd bao ldm viec trong edc bdo mang, ttiiyen tiidng, phat tiianb, truyin Mnh Neu ty le nha bdo cho rang kiln tiiuc tdng hpp
ve ly ludn chinh tri ctia bp d mtic trung binh la 2,34 (mtic tdt) tiii miic dp Miu rd cua bp eung cd
Hinh 3 Gia tri trung binh ciia cac bilu hien ve hanh vi ph^m chat chuyin mon, nghiep vu
141 Su'dung nhieu kl nang khac nhau trong khi lam bao i
13} Moi va dien thityet tnrdc dam dong tot i
12) Dien flat day du y nghia va not dung cua van de
can phan anhtrong bat Viet
11) Lam viec veil hau het cac nhom xa hpi dac biet
10) Thuyet phuc cong chiing Se ho co nhung hieu biet ve mot van de cu the
9) Luon luon hoan thanh diing ban va co chat luong cac nhiem vu duoc giao
8) Tir pbat hien dUOc cac van de moi trong thuc tiln
7) Chiu duoc ap luc cong viec cao ma khong ptian nan
6) TUxLlly cac tinti huong phat smh ttong kbi tac nghiep
5) Sifdung nhieu bon 2 ngoai ngii, trong do co 1 ngoai ngO tbanb ttiao
4) Siydung tot 1 ngoai ngQ trong tac nghiep viia de piiong van vira de
thu thap thong tin viet bai i)SLl dung t o l l ngoai ngiittong tac ngbiep de de tbu tliap tbong tin viet bai
2) Sii'diing lot 1 ngoai ngiilrong tac ngbiep de pbong van
1) Thanh tttao tin boc, khong can nhtr den sU giiip dS
cua ngUoi khac trong khi tacnghiep
Trang 8m
gia di trung binh a miic ndy (2,4) va khi tae
n ^ e p hp eiing ludn ludn hodn thanh cdc nMem
vu dupc giao d miic tdt Ngay ttong bieu Men" cd
the chiu duoc ap luc cao ma khdng phan nan" vdi
gia tri tnmg binh d miic tdt va ty le ngudi chpn
miic rat tdt len den 37,5% dd cho thdy cdsu thdng
nhat khd cao giiia hdnh ddng va thai dp Nha bdo
CO thi lam vile vdi eac nhdm xa hdi dac biet nhu
tte khuyit tat, ngudi mdc te nan xa hdi dat miic
rat tdt d 31,3% vd gid tri trung binh d muc tdt cho
thay nban thiic ve vai ttd, vi tri cua nhd bdo phai
la" tiing ndt hay diln dan cua nhdn dan, vdi thai
do cam thdng, ddng cam vdi sd phan cua nhung
ngudi bat hanh d l chuyin tdi vdo tae pham bao
chi nhung dieu nhdn van nhat
Trong pham chdt ehuyen mdn, ngMep vu kM
tiln hanh khao sat, chirng tdi cung nhan tbay mdt
sd nhiing han chl Cde nhd bdo cho biit tten thuc
te, Men tupng cac nha bao ndm viing ve ly thuyet
va cd tiidi dp tdc ngMlp rdt nghiim tuc, eau thi
nhung kM lan lon vdi thuc te, do chua cd kinb
nghiem nen chat lupng cua tdc pham bdo ehi
chua tdt Thdm cM, nhieu kM, cac nha bao tte,
mdi vao nghl edn gap tai nan nghl ngMep Mpt
so nhd bdo cd tham niln, kinh ngMem tM lai gap
khd khan ttong van d l xti ly nhiing phuang tiln
ky thuat Men dai nhu vile su dung may anh, mdy
quay phim hoac kha nang giao tiep bang ngoai
ngiikhae khdng du de tac ngMep Dd cilng Id dilu
dl hieu vd ly giai gid tii tirung binh vl ehuyen mdn,
nghiep vu lai thap nhat ttong cac pham chat
Cd thi ndi, dpi ngu nha bao Viet Nam ed rat
nhieu uu diem vl pham chdt nghl ngMep, giii
^ vd phdt huy dupc nhiing truyen thdng tdt
dep cua bdo cM each mang theo tu tudng Hd CM
Minh Da sd nhd bao diu cd pham chat nghl
nghiep tdt, xiing dang la nhung cMen si tten mat
tttin van hda tu tudng, cd" tam sang, ldng trong,
but sii' nhu nha bdo Hiiu Thp da tdng kit Giiia
pham chat ehinh tri, pham chdt dao due va pham chat chuyen mdn, nghiep vu, tri thiic, van hda va vdn song eua nbd bdo cd su thdng nhdt tuong ddi, tao nen buc ttanh tdng t h i hoan cMnh ve pham chat ngbe ngMep cua nha bao Bin eanh nhung uu diem, nhd bdo Viet Nam eiing bdc Id nbiing han c h l a nhdn thirc, tiidi dd
va hanh ddng trong qud trinb tdc ngbiep cua minh Mde dii nhiing ban chl nay chi tdn tai d mdt bp phan nha bao nhung rat dang lo ngai, neu khdng dupc kbdc phuc kip thdi, tiii ed till ddnh mat niem tm eua cdng ehiing vd lam anh budng den uy tin eua nhiing ngudi lam bdo chdn chinh, tao ra nhung he qua khdn ludng
D l pbat trien cae nhdm pham chat nghl nghiep cua eac nhd bdo ndi chung, dae biet Id nhd bdo tre theo quan diem HI CM Minh trong bdi canh bien nay, theo chung tdi can chu y mdy giai phdp sau ddy;
Cdn chu ttpng eung cap kien tbiic cho cdc nhd bao tte ve nbiing quan diem cua Hd CM Minh vl bdo cM vd nhd bao Xay dung cdc cdu lac bd nha bao tte d l tao dien ddn cMa se kiln thiic, ky nang
vd kinh ngMem khuyen kMch nha bdo tte tich luy kiln thirc, hinh thanh phuong phdp tu duy khoa hpc, phirong phap ludn phan anh va phdn ti'ch su kiln vd vdn de thdi su ttong thuc tiln dang van ddng Can dao tao ky nang pbdn tich su kiln va van d l tbdi su cho nhd bdo tte; cung cap tiidng tin, kiln thiic, tao diln dan cMa se ky nang, kinh ngMem Md cdc ldp bdi dudng cae nhd bdo tre thanh nhiing cdy but chinh ludn dl hp cd the dam duong cdng viec khai ngudn, pban anh, phan tich
va dan ddt edng ludn tiudc nhiing van de pbiic tap ttong bdi eanh mang xa bdi pbdt tiien Trong bdi canh Cdch mang edng ngMep 4.0, nhd bao Viet Nam cung cdn dupe bdi dudng ky nang tmyen tiidng sd, ddp ling yeu eau pbat tiien nhu vu bao
cua the gidi va ddi hdi ctia ddc gia Men dai L)
LVLUAN CHfNHTR!-S06/2019