1242 Index
bridges See roads and bridges
Brigg raft 980
brine 1067
Britain
climate and geography 264
language 615–616
migration and population
movements 716
roads and bridges 883
social collapse and
aban-donment 1005
textiles and needlework
1083
British Isles
gender structures and roles
499
literature 654
brocades 1079
broch 72–73
bronze
art 88, 96, 104, 114, 116,
117
cities 218
climate and geography 256
craft s 285, 288–290
economy 361, 362
inventions 598, 599, 601
metallurgy 681, 682
mining, quarrying, and
salt making 741, 747
money and coinage 754,
760
science 922
Bronze Age
agriculture 29, 35
art 107–109
building techniques and
materials 157–158
ceramics and pottery 182,
183
climate and geography
257, 259
craft s 291
death and burial practices
318
economy 361–363
empires and dynasties
409–410
government organization
519
health and disease 550
household goods 566
metallurgy 684
migration and population
movements 702–703,
709, 711
mining, quarrying, and
salt making 747, 748
music and musical
instru-ments 768–769
roads and bridges 888, 890
seafaring and navigation
957
settlement patterns 969
ships and shipbuilding
979
social collapse and aban-donment 1005 storage and preservation 1064
textiles and needlework 1080
trade and exchange 1102–
1103 war and conquest 1141 weaponry and armor 1166, 1167
bronze duck weight 1175f
bronze statuary 686
bronze steelyard 1178f
bronze tools 35 brooches 6 brucellosis 825 Brutus, Lucius Junius 879 bubonic plague 819
Buccero ware 181f
Buddha architecture 68
art 101–103, 101f
building techniques and materials 155
empires and dynasties
402, 406 exploration 440 religion and cosmology
846f, 847
resistance and dissent 870 sacred sites 902
Buddhism architecture 68 art 102, 103 economy 358 exploration 440 foreigners and barbarians 487
religion and cosmology
845, 847, 849 social organization 1024 Buddhist epics 332 Buddhist monasteries 193 buff alo
economy 372 food and diet 481–482 Buhen, Egypt 208
buildings See architecture
building techniques and
ma-terials 150–162
Africa 150–152, 151f
Americas 161–162 architecture 78–79 Asia and the Pacifi c 155–157
cities 204, 206, 210,
212, 213, 216, 218, 221, 224–225
Egypt 152–154 Europe 157–158
Greece 158–160, 159f Middle East 154–155, 154f Rome 160–161, 160f
science 922 Bulgaria 107
bullfi ghting 1053
bull jumper 1053f
bureaucracy gender structures and roles 495
government organization 513–514
burial chambers 145
burial jade 1004f
burial mounds architecture 86–87 astronomy 130 building techniques and materials 162
burial practices See death and
burial practices Burma 768 Bushmen agriculture 18 drama and theater 328–
329 employment and labor 425–426
exploration 436 household goods 561 hunting, fi shing, and gathering 572 language 609–611 migration and population movements 692, 693 religion and cosmology 833
sacred sites 898 war and conquest 1122 butchers 816
butter 478 buttresses 155
Byzantine Empire 143f
C
cacao beans economy 373 food and diet 482
cacao chicha 482
Caecilius of Calacte See
Archagathus Caelius Apicius 480
caementum 160
Caesar, Julius agriculture 41 architecture 78 astronomy 132 borders and frontiers 145 calendars and clocks 165, 169
children 197 cities 218–219, 221 climate and geography 263
crime and punishment 301
economy 369–370 empires and dynasties
409, 413–415 literature 654, 662
migration and population movements 709 religion and cosmology 859 resistance and dissent 879 roads and bridges 888 scandals and corruption
914, 916, 917 science 944 seafaring and navigation 957
social organization 1029, 1046
cairns death and burial practices
317, 318 sacred sites 902 Cairo 239, 241–242
cakravartin 730 calcei 281
calculation 804 calculus 804 Calendar Round 604
calendars and clocks 163–174
Africa 163–165, 164f
Americas 172–173 architecture 56 Asia and the Pacifi c 167–169
astronomy 124–126, 129,
132, 133
Egypt 165–166, 166f
Europe 169–170 festivals 463–465 Greece 170–171 inventions 594, 601, 604 Middle East 166, 167 Rome 171–172 science 925, 928, 939, 944, 948
Calendars of Lucky and Un-lucky Days 777
calendar temple 133 Caligula (emperor of Rome) drama and theater 337 economy 370
empires and dynasties 415 gender structures and roles 502
scandals and corruption 917
Calippus 171 call and response 328, 330 calligraphy
art 103 writing 1187 Callimachus 659 Cambodia drama and theater 332–333 foreigners and barbarians 486–487
literature 651 camels
hunting, fi shing, and gath-ering 576
transportation 1111, 1113, 1114