Evaluation of morphological traits and fruit quality of Vietnamese pumpkin collection

Evaluation of morphological traits and fruit quality of Vietnamese pumpkin collection with fiy Vietnamese pumpkin accessions were evaluated for agro-morphological characteristics and fruit quality. The experiment was continuously designed without replication. There was a remarkable variation in expression of leaf and fruit traits such as leaf size, fruit shape, fruit esh quality.

EVALUATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS AND FRUIT QUALITY

OF VIETNAMESE PUMPKIN COLLECTION

Tran Danh Suu*1

Abstract

Fi y Vietnamese pumpkin accessions were evaluated for agro-morphological characteristics and fruit quality e experiment was continuously designed without replication ere was a remarkable variation in expression of leaf and fruit traits such as leaf size, fruit shape, fruit esh quality e range of rst owering was 82 - 121 days a er growing and the early owering was observed in Phac deng cham variety (T11497) Co nhum variety (T11505) produced the maximum number of 16 fruits/plot and with highest yield of 12.76 tons/ha ese varieties (Phac deng cham and Co nhum) can be used directly or as good materials for breeding purposes

Keywords: Pumpkin, morphological characteristics, yield

1 Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences

* Corresponding author: Tran Danh Suu Email: trandanhsuu233@gmail.com

INTRODUCTION

Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) belonging to family

Cucurbitaceae is a very popular vegetable in many

tropical and subtropical countries Pumpkin is

very nutritious due to high content of vitamin and

minerals A lot of pumpkin parts can be used as food

including young leaves, stems, owers, fruits and

seeds Pumpkins are very versatile in their uses for

cooking and have an advantage over other vegetables

as the fruits can be stored for up to 6 months before

being consumed and hence can play an important

role in maintaining nutritional levels during long

time (Ahamed KU et al., 2011)

In Vietnam, pumpkin is grown in over the country,

especially, it is present in almost of farmer’s gardens

in Northern mountainous provinces and is becoming

a valuable commodity for farmers to get earnings

(Le Tuan Phong and Le Kha Tuong, 2011)

Many pumpkin genotypes having diverse

characteristics grown and genotypes available in the

market do not have uniformity or standardization

in nomenclature At present, nearly one thousand

pumpkin accessions have been collected and

maintained at the National Genebank (Nguyen i

Tam Phuc, 2014) Moreover, no information on

morphological and agronomical characteristics is

available which can be used for direct use, breeding

and conservation of pumpkin genetic resources

erefore, the evaluation of pumpkin collection is

necessary for above purposes

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Materials

50 Vietnamese local pumpkin accessions maintained

at the National Genebank of the Plant Resources

Center were used for evaluation

Methods

e experiment was continously designed without replication Seeds were sown in a plate and planted when having 2-3 leaves Two rows were performed on each bed and hole – hole was 0.75 m Plot area for

e agro-morphological traits were collected and characterized by using descriptors of International Union for the Protection of new Varieties of Plants (UPOV, 2007)

Fertilizer application for 1 ha: 25 tons of manure + 250

kg urea + 450 kg super phosphate + 300 kg potassium fertilizers

Time and place of the study

e experiment was carried out in Spring crop season

of 2014 at the Plant Resources Center, An Khanh, Hoai Duc, Hanoi

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Agro-morphological quantitative traits Six agro-morphological traits including cotyledon length, cotyledon width, internode length, leaf length, leaf width and days to 50% owering of 50 pumpkin accessions were evaluated (Table 1)

Cotyledon length and width: Signi cant variation among the pumpkin accessions was observed for this trait e cotyledon length varied from 26 mm to 44

mm and the cotyledon width was 17 - 29 mm, the coe cient of variation of cotyledon length was 11.3% and of cotyledon width was 10.8%

Internode length: e most variation was observed for internode length among 50 studied pumpkin accessions is trait varied from 10.4 cm to 21.1 cm with the coe cient of variation of 15.2%

Leaf length and width: Varied from 21.8 to 36.6 cm in leaf length, accession number 7535 had the highest

leaf length (36.6 cm) Leaf width was 20.1 - 34.3 cm;

the highest leaf diameter (34.3 cm) was recorded

in accession number 7535 So the pumpkin variety,

Tau da (7535) collected from anh Hoa province

had the highest leaf length and width Grubben and

Ngwerume (2004) also reported that leaf diameter of

C moschata was 20 - 35 cm in diameter

Days to 50% owering: e maximum number of days

to 50% owering determined to be 121 days a er growing and the minimum number was 82 days a er growing It was observed that earliest ower opening

in the accession number T11497 (82 days) and the longest in accession No T11430

Table 1 Agro-morphological quantitative traits of pumpkin collection

No Acc No Cultivar Name Collecting place Cotyledon length

(mm)

Cotyledon width (mm)

Internode length (cm, n=9)

Leaf length (cm, n=5)

Leaf width (cm, n=5)

Days

to 50% owering

33 T11495 Phac deng Bac Kan 37 22 18.5 31.8 29.5 111

Table 1 Agro-morphological quantitative traits of pumpkin collection (cont.)

Qualitative morphological traits of pumpkin collection

Ten qualitative morphological traits of 50 pumpkin

accessions were evaluated (Table 2) Among 10

morphological traits, there were 6 traits with the

same characteristics in all 50 pumpkin accessions,

such as angular stem shape, present tendrils, ovate

leaf shape, dented leaf margin, high leaf pubescence (ventral surface), yellow ower and monoecious sex type ere were two types of leaf color; the rst type (18 acc.) was interm and the second one (32 acc.) was dark green e predominant leaf lobs were interm (41 acc.); the shallow and deep leaf lobs were rare

Table 2 Qualitative morphological traits of 50 pumpkin accessions

Characteristics of fruits

e fruit number per plot of 50 studied pumpkin

accessions varied from one fruit to 16 fruits per plot

ere were 3 accessions with only one fruit (acc

number 7535; T11436 and T11439) and the highest

number of fruits was recorded in pumpkin accession

T11505 with 16 fruits e fruit weight of pumpkin

genotype 3861 (2.058 g) was the heaviest, closely

followed by T11453 (2.217 g) and the minimum

fruit weight was obtained from genotype T11439 Grubben and Ngwerume (2004) reported that fruit weight varied widely e highest yield was recorded

in genotype T11505 (12.76 tons/ha) followed by

7530 (10.63 tons/ha), 3861 (10.03 tons/ha); genotype T11439 had the lowest yield (0.33 tons/ha) Signi cant variations were also observed among the accessions

in seed characteristics for dry weight of 100-seeds, ranging from 4.3 g to 14.1 g (Table 3)

Table 3 Characteristics of fruits of 50 pumpkin accessions

No Acc No Name of varieties Number of fruits

per plot

Fruit length (cm)

Fruit width (cm)

Fruit weight (g)

Yield (ton/ha)

100 seed weight (g)

33 T11495 Phac Deng 3 8 15.1 800 1.6 6.6

Qualitative characteristics of fruits

Five types of the fruit shape were observed and

ranged from globular to elongate e predominant

shapes were globular (27 acc.) and pyriform (14 acc.)

Flattened, elliptical and elongate shapes were rare

e fruit ribs were absent in 17 and super cial in 29

accessions e fruit skin colour and the esh colour

at maturity were orange in all 50 studied pumpkin accessions 32 pumpkin genotypes had sweet in esh avor while other 5 genotypes had insipid esh avor and the rest 13 genotypes were intermediate (Table 4)

In previous study, Gerardus (2004) and Nguyen i Tam Phuc (2014) also reported that the fruit shape was diverse

Table 4 Qualitative characteristics of fruits observed on 50 pumpkin accessions

1 Fruit shape Globular Flattened Elliptical Pyriform Elongate

Table 3 Characteristics of fruits of 50 pumpkin accessions (cont.)

CONCLUSIONS

ere was a remarkable variation in expression of

leaf and fruit traits in 50 pumpkin accessions such

as leaf size, fruit shape, and fruit esh quality e

range of rst owering was 82 - 121 days and the early

owering was observed in Phac deng cham variety

(T11497) Co nhum variety (T11505) produced the

maximum number of 16 fruits/plot and with highest

yield of 12.76 tons/ha 32 pumpkin accessions had

sweet esh avor

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

e author would like to thank Dr Tran i u Hoai

Resources Center for their help during the

experimental implementation

REFERENCES

Ahamed KU, B Akhter, MR Islam, N Ara and

MR Humauan, 2011 An assessment of morphology

and yield characteristics of pumpkin (Cucurbita

moschata) genotypes in Northern Bangladesh

Tropical Agricultural Research Extension 14(1): 7-11

Gerardus J H Grubben, 2004 Vegetables (Prota 2) Plant Resources of Tropical Africa, pp 263-278 Grubben GJH and Ngwerume FC, 2004 Cucurbita moschata Duchesne In: Grubben, G.J.H & Denton, O.A (Editors) PROTA 2: Vegetables/Légumes [CD-Rom] PROTA,Wageningen, Netherlands International Union for the Protection of new varieties

of plants (UPOV), 2007 Pumpkin (Cucurbita) Guidelines for the conduct of tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability Geneva, 2007

Le Tuan Phong, Le Kha Tuong, 2011 Pumpkin production, potential and challenge Journal of Vietnam Agricultural Science and Technology, No.2/2011 Pp: 46-50 (in Vietnamese)

Nguyen i Tam Phuc, 2014 Evaluation of pumpkin germplasms MSc esis on Agricultural Sciences Hanoi Agricultural University (in Vietnamese)

Date received: 19/11/2018 Date reviewed: 3/12/2018 Reviewer: Dr Dao i Oanh Yen Date approved for publication: 21/12/2018

1 Center for Technology Development and Agricultural Extension; 2 Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences

* Corresponding author: Nguyen Xuan Dung Email: dung.ricevietnam@gmail.com

EVALUATING SALT TOLERANCE OF SOME ELITE RICE VARIETES

IN THE COASTAL REGIONS OF NAM DINH PROVINCE

Nguyen Xuan Dung*1, Nguyen anh Phuong1, Le Quoc anh2

Abstract

Climate change causes serious impacts on agricultural production, especially on rice production in Vietnam Sea level rise threads to reduce rice productivity and farmer living in Red River Delta and Mekong River Delta due to salt water intrusion which salinizes water irrigation and soil cultivation To response e ectively to negative impacts of climate change, this study was conducted to evaluate the salt tolerant capacity of promising rice varieties which are able to adapt to conditions in coastal regions in Nam Dinh province of the Red River Delta in Vietnam Two potential rice varieties named TX111 and M15, which not only had high yield, good quality (yields of TX111 and M15 in spring were 8.02 tons/ha and 7.41 tons/ha, respectively; in summer, yield of TX111 was 5.91 tons/ha, and yield of M15 was 4.42 tons/ha), but also high tolerance to salinity levels in the conditions of Red River Delta were selected Keywords: Red River Delta, rice, salt tolerance

INTRODUCTION

Vietnam has long coastline with 3,260 km and varied

geography, so it is considered as one of the countries

to be severely vulnerable to climate change (Dasgupta

et al., 2007; Dasgupta et al., 2010) One of the major

risks of climate change to Vietnam is sea level rise

If the sea level rises by one meter, about 39% of the

Mekong River Delta area and over 10% of the Red River

Delta are ooded, which will lead to the signi cantly

impacts on food production and life of Vietnamese citizens (MONRE, 2012) When sea level rises by 1

m, land with the area of 4 million ha may be ooded annually in Vietnam (Zeidler, 1997) Sea level rise also increases the level of salinization of land and water, which seriously a ect crop production, especially rice production (Hanh et al., 2007) e Vietnam Institute

of Water Resources Planning reported recently that 4‰ salinity level in water will occur 40 km inland,