buộc chuyển giao quyền sử dụng sáng chế đối với dược phẩm vắc-xin COVID-19 theo pháp luật và thực tiễn tại Việt Nam hiện hành, với 02 mục đích: Thứ nhất, phân tích các điều kiện về lý lu
CƠ SỞ PHÁP LÝ VỀ NHỮNG QUY ĐỊNH ĐỐI VỚI SÁNG CHẾ DƯỢC PHẨM VẮC-XIN COVID-19 VÀ ĐIỀU KIỆN BẮT BUỘC CHUYỂN
Khái quát về sáng chế đối với dược phẩm vắc-xin COVID-19
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1.1.1 Sáng chế đối với dược phẩm vắc-xin COVID-19:
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5 Trường ĐH Luật TP.HCM, tlđd (4), tr 145
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Cũng theo quy định trên, dưới dạng “quy trình”, giải pháp kỹ thuật này là
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Dược phẩm vắc-xin COVID-19?
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Nguyên tắc cân bằng lợi ích quyền của người nắm độc quyền sử dụng sáng chế và quyền đảm bảo về sức khoẻ và vấn đề chuyển giao quyền sử dụng sáng chế dược phẩm
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1.2.1 Tác động tích cực và tiêu cực của bảo hộ sáng chế dược phẩm:
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Biểu đồ thể hiện số lượng đơn đăng ký sáng chế/giải pháp hữu ích của chủ đơn Việt Nam giai đoạn 2011-2020 16
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⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
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1.2.2 Khái niệm, đặc điểm và các hình thức của chuyển giao quyền sử dụng sáng chế:
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Bản chất của chuyển giao quyền sử dụng là bên nhận chuyển giao chỉ có quyền sử dụng sáng chế mà không có quyền sở hữu sáng chế đó
Pháp luật về điều kiện bắt buộc chuyển giao quyền sử dụng sáng chế
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1.3.1 Cơ sở pháp lý của bắt buộc chuyển giao quyền sử dụng sáng chế:
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27 “Compulsory Licensing of Patented Inventions”, https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/R43266.html#fn6, truy cập lần cuối ngày 19/6/2021
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⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
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1.3.2 Pháp luật quốc tế về bắt buộc chuyển giao quyền sử dụng sáng chế nhằm tăng cường bảo vệ sức khoẻ cộng đồng:
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1.3.2.1 Bắt buộc chuyển giao quyền sử dụng sáng chế và vấn đề bảo vệ sức khoẻ cộng đồng quy định trong Công ước Paris:
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Thực tiễn áp dụng những quy định về bắt buộc chuyển giao quyền sử dụng sáng chế đối với vắc-xin COVID-19
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2.1.1 Thực tiễn tại Chi-lê và Israel về bắt buộc chuyển giao sáng chế vắc- xin Kaletra ngăn ngừa và chữa trị COVID-19 giữa Bộ Y tế và hãng dược phẩm ABBVIE:
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19 và minh chứng tương tự mà Israel đã sử dụng BBCGQSDSC để tiếp cận vắc-xin Kaletra của hãng ABBVIE
2.1.1.1 Thực tiễn tại Chi-lê:
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43 WHO, “Timeline: WHO's COVID-19 Response”, https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel- coronavirus-2019/interactive-timeline, truy cập lần cuối ngày 27/5/2021
44 Dữ liệu được cập nhật đến ngày 30/6/2021 và con số vẫn có xu hướng tăng
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Cũng cùng thời điểm trên, ngày 18/3/2020, Bộ trưởng Bộ Y tế Israel, Nghị sĩ Yaacov Litzman, đã cấp Giấy phép cho Nhà nước Khai thác Sáng chế căn cứ Chương
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45 Luis Gil Abinader, “Chilean Chamber of Deputies approves resolution for compulsory licenses for patents relating to the coronavirus virus”, https://www.keionline.org/32385, truy cập lần cuối ngày 25/6/2021
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47 English translation of Chile “Resolution for the granting of non-voluntary licenses referred to in artilcle 51
Nº 2 of industrial property law Nº 19.030 to facilitate access and availability of medicines and technologies for the prevention, treatment and cure of coronavirus COVID-19”, https://www.keionline.org/chilean-covid- resolution, truy cập lần cuối ngày 02/7/2021 của Luật Sáng chế Israel, năm 1967 để sử dụng cho “mục đích công cộng phi thương mại”
Vào thời điểm cấp Giấy phép này, Bộ Y tế Israel lý giải những lý do sau:
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Kết quả giải pháp đem lại:
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Thực tiễn tại Việt Nam về bắt buộc chuyển giao quyền sản xuất thuốc kháng vi-rút cúm Tamiflu giữa Bộ Y tế Việt Nam và hãng dược phẩm F Hoffmann La
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Nhìn chung, bối cảnh hiện tại đã thay đổi, sau khi gia nhập WTO vào năm
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(i) Với tình hình hiện tại, Việt Nam vẫn là một quốc gia đang phát triển và là nước chịu rất nhiều thiên tai, dịch bệnh như cúm gia cầm, HIV/AIDS, sốt rét… hay cấp bách trong giai đoạn này là đại dịch bệnh COVID-19, điều này đồng nghĩa nhu cầu về thuốc phòng, chữa bệnh nói chung và dược phẩm vắc-xin COVID-19 nói riêng cho người dân là rất lớn Nếu vận dụng theo quy định của Hiệp định TRIPS và Công ước Paris, Tuyên bố DOHA nhằm tăng cường khả năng sản xuất thuốc vì nhu cầu thiết yếu của nhân dân trong bối cảnh năng lực sản xuất dược phẩm ở Việt Nam hiện tại thay cho việc nhập khẩu dược phẩm sẽ góp phần giảm chi phí giá thuốc, từ đó, việc tiếp cận thuốc sẽ tăng cao Bởi các nghiên cứu trên cho thấy, vấn đề cấp bách hiện nay xuất phát từ nguồn cung số lượng vắc-xin không đủ so với nhu cầu sử dụng, điều này có thể tác động trực tiếp đến giá thuốc tăng cao Vì thực chất, nếu sau đại dịch này, các chế định về những ưu đãi trong chương trình COVAX kết thúc, liệu có đảm bảo rằng các nhà sản xuất thuốc sẽ không tăng giá sản phẩm hay không?
Minh chứng qua Báo cáo của UNDP trình bày tại Hội thảo “Tăng cường năng lực quốc gia – Xây dựng Quy chế thẩm định sáng chế về dược phẩm” do Cục SHTT tổ chức tháng 11/2016 đã đưa ra một ví dụ cho việc giảm giá thuốc điều trị căn bệnh HIV/AIDS nhờ có sự cạnh tranh của “thuốc generic” – “thuốc có cùng dược chất, hàm lượng, dạng bào chế với biệt dược gốc và được sử dụng thay thế biệt dược gốc” như sau: (i) Chi phí chữa bệnh HIV/AIDS bằng thuốc ARV: 10.439 USD/năm; (ii) Thuốc ARV generic được Copla đưa vào lưu thông năm 2001: 350 USD/năm; (iii) Giá ARV năm 2016: 65 USD/năm (tức giảm giá tương đương 99%) Nhưng nhờ vào việc giảm giá đáng kể do có sự cạnh tranh của thuốc generic, có rất nhiều bệnh nhân HIV/AIDS đã được tiếp cận với thuốc để kéo dài sự sống Kết quả là lượng lưu hành ARV tăng 22 lần trên phạm vi toàn cầu trong thời gian qua 57 Cơ hội đặt ra cho Việt Nam trong giai đoạn này là có thể tiếp cận vắc-xin bằng nhiều hướng khác nhau, song, nếu sản xuất được vắc xin trong nước sẽ góp phần giảm chi phí giá thuốc, chi phí vận chuyển thuốc và hoàn toàn chủ động trong công cuộc có được vắc-xin
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Kinh nghiệm cho dược phẩm Vắc-xin COVID-19 tại Việt Nam
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2.3.1 Đánh giá tình hình thực tiễn tại Việt Nam trong việc áp dụng điều kiện BBCGQSDSC đối với dược phẩm vắc-xin COVID-19:
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
Thứ nhất, về điều kiện pháp luật
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
Tuy nhiên, thực tại, Việt Nam có những điều kiện pháp lý về BBCGQSDSC và nhận thức cao trong việc bảo hộ tài sản SHTT Cụ thể:
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
58 Số liệu cập nhật đến ngày 13/6/2021, theo https://danso.org/viet-nam/, truy cập lần cuối ngày 13/6/2021
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
60 Cập nhật đến ngày 30/6/2021 tại https://ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinations?country=OWID_WRL
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
Theo đó, Việt Nam đã xuất hiện biến chủng delta với cảnh báo khả năng lây nhiễm gấp 40-60% so với các biến chủng khác
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
“tình trạng khẩn cấp quốc gia” để được sử dụng cơ chế cấp quyết định bắt buộc chuyển giao quyền sử dụng sáng chế dược phẩm
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
Một số đề xuất nhằm hoàn thiện pháp lý Việt Nam về căn cứ và điều kiện bắt buộc chuyển giao quyền sử dụng sáng chế trong lĩnh vực dược phẩm
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
2.4.1 Nhanh chóng xem xét, phê duyệt dự thảo xây dựng Luật sửa đổi, bổ sung một số điều của Luật Sở hữu trí tuệ:
70 Lê Thị Nam Giang, tlđd (21), tr 82
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
71 Theo đó, quy định sửa đổi sẽ được in đậm, nghiêng; quy định bổ sung sẽ được in nghiêng
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
Việc sửa đổi, bổ sung như vậy được hiểu rằng:
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
⚠️The Pollinations legacy text API is being deprecated for **authenticated users**.Please migrate to our new service at https://enter.pollinations.ai for better performance and access to all the latest models.Note: Anonymous requests to text.pollinations.ai are NOT affected and will continue to work normally.
2.4.2 Xem xét vận dụng quy định về “tình trạng khẩn cấp quốc gia”, “tình trạng khẩn cấp khác” trong bắt buộc chuyển giao: