thg hien tan suat xuat hien cac trai nghiem, trong dd I la "Khdng bao gid" dgn 5 la "Ludn ludn" Phan tich thong ke Trong nghign cim nay, mdt sd phep phan tich thdng kg sau day da dugc s
Trang 1OO TIN CAY CUA
THANG DONG CAM TORONTO
TREN MAU TRE Vj THANH NIEN VIET NAM
'^1
Bai vi^t la mot phan ket qua nghien ciJru d i tai cap co sd 2016: Thich nghi ban _ _ thang do dong cam Toronto tren tioc sinh lira tuoi 13 den 17 do Vi§n TSm Iy hoc chu tri,
TS Dd Thi l e Hang lam chu nhi§m
PGS.TS Phan Thi Mai Huong
TS Do Thi Le Hang
I ien Tdm Iv hoc
TOM T.AT
\);hien cim duac thuc hien nhdm xdc dinh mpt so ddc diem tdm trdc ctia thang Ddng cdm Toronto tren mdu Ire vi ihdnh nien I 'iel Nam Hai nghien cuu dd duac lien hdnh Xghien ciru thir nhdl duac ihuc hien vdi 1.033 hpc sinh lir Idp ' den 12 lai Hd Xoi vd Ihdnh phd Hd Chi Minh (46% nam), ludi trung binh 14.68, de phdn lich item, xdc dinh dp tin cdy Alpha cita Cronbach vd do lin cay phdn ddi ciia ihang do Nghien ciru thu hai dupe thuc hien vdi 77 hpc sinh lap 10 ihdnh phd Hue Irong hai Idn each nhau 1 ludn de tim hiiu dp tin cdy tesl-relesl cua lhang do Kel qud cho thdy, 4 item
cua thang do khdng ddp img cdc yeu can re dp lin cay nen hi logi bo khoi lhang do
( (if item cdn Igi cd dp lin cay luang ddi cao dam hao lieu chudn ve dp lin cijy Irong do ludng cua thang do ndy
Tir khoa: Thich nghi lhang do; Ddng cdm: Thang Ddng cdm Toronto: Dp lin
cdy: Alpha ciia Cronbach: Dp lin cc'iy phdn ddi: Te.tl-relesI: Vi ihdnh nien
Xgdy nhgn hdi: 17/10/2016; Xgdy duvet ddng hdi: 25/11/2016
Mddau
Dong cam va cau trdc eda ddng cdm
Ddng cam ddng vai trd rat quan ttpng trong ddi sdng xa hdi cua con ngudi
Nhd ed ddng cam ma con ngudi cam nhan, higu dugc cam xuc cua ngudi khae
va cd kha nang dap lai mdt each thich hgp vdi trang thai cam xuc cua ngudi khae Quan h^ giira ngudi vdi ngudi trgn co sd dd ma dugc duy tri va phat trign trong sy luong lac qua lai vdi nhau Ddng cam cung la mdt trong nhiing khia canh ma cae cdng cu do ludng tti me cam xuc dg cap dgn (Bar-On, 2006; Golcman,
38 TAPCHlTAMiyHOCSd 12 (213) 12-2016
Trang 22009; Pettides, 2010 ) Tuy vay nhimg dinh nghTa mang linh khoa hpc ve ddng
cam lai kha da dang Balson (2009) tdng hgp tam dinh nghTa \g ddng cam dang
dugc sir dung hien nay, ttong dd cd 2 djnh nghTa dugc ap dung phd bign Dinh
nghTa thir nhat lign quan den sy higu biet than hieu \g trang thai ndi tam cua
ngudi khae va dugc gpi la sy ddng cam mang tinh nhan thiic Ddng cam mang
linh nhan ihurc dugc djnh nghTa la kha nang ITnh hpi dugc cam xuc ca nhan cua
ngudi khae, higu dugc cam xuc dd va cac su\ nghT cua hp Cdn djnh nghTa thir
hai dg cap dgn cam giac "cung cam xuc ma ngudi khae cam thay", gidng nhu lay
lan cam xuc, dugc gpi la sy ddng cam mang linh cam xiic Ddng cam mang linh
cam xuc la mdt qua trinh higu nhimg cam xuc cUa ca nhan khae dap lai va chia
se nhiing cam xuc dd
Mac du ca hai chigu canh nhan thiic va cam xiic dgu phan anh sy ddng cam
nhung lit nhiing gdc dp khae nhau Chieu canh cam xuc cua ddng cam dugc cho
la phan iing thich hgp cua mdt ngudi vdi nhihig trai nghiem cam xuc ciia ngudi
khae Vi du khi ddng cam vdi mdt ngudi dang dau khd ngudi ta cd thg cam thay
ndi dau ddn ciia ngutri dd, thuong xdt hp, \ i thg ddi xii nhe nhang va than ai vdi
hp dg lam dju bdt noi dau ciia hp Dd nhu la mdt phan img vdi sy dau khd ciia
ngudi khae Tuy nhign, thyc lg la mdt nguori cd cam xuc mong ly nhu cua ngudi
khae khdng phu thudc vao sy higu bigt \e \ice tai sao ngudi dd dau khd va dau
khd nhu thg nao, hau qua se din dgn dau Ngugc lai, chigu canh nhan thirc ciia
ddng cam hudng dgn suy nghT \a hieu bigt Nd la mdt qua trinh dya ttgn nhan
thirc Trong chigu canh na>' mdt ngudi ddng cam la mpt ngudi higu tinh hinh
hoac nhiing cam xuc va y nghT cua ngudi khae (Spreng \a cdng sy 2009) Mdt
each dg higu phuong dien nhan thiic cua ddng cam la higu dugc nhiing gi ngudi
khae cam thay Cdn khia canh cam xuc cua ddng cam la cam lha> dugc nhimg gi
ngudi khae cam thay
Do ludng dong cdm
Cimg vdi nhigu each higu vg ddng cam thi nhigu lhang do ludng ddng
cam cung ra ddi dg do cac chigu canh khae nhau Trong cac kgt qua dugc cdng
bd vg ddng cam, mpt sd nha nghign eiiu nhan manh phuong dien nhan thirc
(Gallup \a Platek, 2002) trong khi nhiing ngudi khae nhin manh khia canh cam
xuc (Mehrabian \a Epstein 1972) Tuy nhign hau hgt dgu ddng y ring, ddng cam
bao gdm ca thanh phan nhan thiic \a cam xuc (Pecukonis 1990; Shamay-Tsoory
va cpng sy 2004; Dadds va cdng sy, 2008)
Cd thg dg dang tim thay nhiing lhang do ddng cam ciia cac tac gia nhu:
Hogan 1969; Mehrabian va Epstein, 1972; Davis 1980, 1983; Elliott va cpng sy,
1982; Caruso va Mayer, 1998; Lawrence, 2004; Wakabayashi va cpng sy, 2006;
Muncia- va Ling, 2006; JoIlifTe \ a Farrington, 2006; Dadds va cdng sy, 2008
TAPCHlTAMiyHOCSd 12 (213) 12-2016 39
Trang 3Vi du thang do ddng cam cua Hogan (IIHS) gdm cd 64 item, lhang do gdm 4 nhan td: Cai ldi xa hdi - Ldng tin (Social Self- Confidence); Tinh khi dn hda; Tinh nha\ cam; Khdng xu thdi
Thang do ludng ddng cam cam xiic danh cho ire vi thanh nien \a ngudi Idn cUa cae lac gia Caruso \a Mayer (1998) dugc thigt kg de do ddng cam viVi cau tnic gdm nhan thirc \a cam xuc my nhign, ygu td cam xiic cua ddng cam dugc lap ttung nghign cim nhieu hon Thang do gdm 30 item, vdi 6 tigu lhang do: (1) Dau khd mang linh ddng cam (Empalhic Suffering); (2) Chia se tich eye (Positi\c sharing): (3) Dg xiic ddng (Responsive crj'ing); (4) Chu y cam xuc (Emotional attention); (5) cam nhan cho ngudi khae (Feeling for other) va (6) l.a>' Ian cam xuc (limotional contagion)
Thang ddng cam co ban (Basic f-.mpathy Scale BES) ciia JolIilTe va Farrington (2006) gdm 20 item vdi thang digm Likert 5 bac, tir rat khdng ddng
y dgn rat ddng y Qua trinh phat trign lhang do ciia cac tac gia da chi ra rang ddng cam cd 2 thanh phan chinh la ddng cam cam xiic va ddng cam nhan Ihiic
Mdt sd vi du trgn cho thay tinh da dang vg cau true ciia cac thang do ddng cam Lich sir phat trien cac loai thang do nay lir trude cho tdi nay ciing
Ithay nhu cau sii dung lhang do ddng cam trong cdng tac nghign ciru va iing
I trgn the gidi ludn phat trign
' Thang Dong cdm Toronto
Thang Ddng cam Toronto (Toronto Empathy Questionnaire - TEQ) dugc xay dyng bdi Spreng \a cac cdng sy nam 2009 dg do ludng ddng cam d con ngudi ndi chung Trong qua trinh xa> dyng TEQ, cac nha nghien ciiu da danh
^ 1 ddng cam nhu mdt qua trinh cam xuc, vi the lhang do nay coi ddng cam la mdt cdng cu phan anh mdt qua trinh duy nhit, trai ngugc vdi cac lhang do tuong
ty cho rang, ddng cam gdm hai thanh phin ddc lap la nhan thirc va cam xuc
T EQ la kgt qua cua qua trinh nghign cuu, dugc rut ra tir 142 menh dg (item) vdn dugc tdng hirp lit nhirng cdng eu danh gia vg ddng cam ciia cac lac gia khae jSpreng, 2009) Day la lhang do ngin ggn, chi gdm 16 item, dugc diing dg do ddng cam chung ma khdng chia ra cac chigu canh, vdi muc dich lam giam sy khae bicl giiia cac lhang do hien thdi vg ddng cam (Toran va cdng sy, 2012)
TEQ da dugc thich nghi tren miu sinh vign Thd NhT Ky (Tolan va cdng
sy, 2012) cd dp lin cay Alpha = 0.79 va dp hieu lye kha cao Trong qua trinh thich nghi, 3 item cua TEQ da bj loai bd khdi phign ban tigng Thd TEQ cung dugc thich nghi vdi ban tigng Phap (Leiorain va cdng sy, 2013), dp lin cay = 0,71
va chi cd I chigu canh
_ Thang do nay luomg ddi ngin gpn, dl thyc hien va dugc sir dung trong nhigu nghign cim khae nhau cd lign quan dgn ddng cam Nghien ciru nay dugc
40 TAPCHlTAMiyHOCSd 12 (213), 12-2016
Trang 4^
thyc hien nhim tra ldi cau hdi, lieu thang nay du ticu ehuan \c do tin ca> khi
sir dung dg nghign cim nhflmg van dg cd lien quan ttdn mau tre \\ thanh nign
Viet Nam hay khdng?
Phirorng phap nghien ciru
Mau nghien ciru
Mau nghign ciiu thii nhat gdm 1.033 hpc sinh lir Idp 7 dgn ldp 12 tai Ha
Ndi va thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, ludi trung binh la 14.68 (dp lech chuin 1.6 tudi),
trong dd cd 46% la nam Day la mau thuan lien duge chpn theo cum, gdm loan
bd hpc sinh trong cac Idp hgc tham gia nghign eiiu Cac em dugc phat bang hdi
hudng dan each tra ldi Thdi gian tta ldi bang hdi khoang 15 - 20 phut
Mau nghign cim thii hai gdm 77 hgc sinh ldp 10, trong dd cd 32.5%
nam, la hpc sinh eua 2 Icip tai mdt trudng cua thanh phd Hug Mdi em tra ldi
bang hdi 2 Ian, each nhau I luan
Cong eu nghien ciru
Thang Ddng cdm Toronto: TEQ gdm 16 item, trong dd cd 8 menh dg
mang ndi dung duong tinh va 8 menh dg mang ndi dung am tinh Thang do nay
sir dung lhang digm l.ikcrl 5 bac lir I den 5 thg hien tan suat xuat hien cac trai
nghiem, trong dd I la "Khdng bao gid" dgn 5 la "Ludn ludn"
Phan tich thong ke
Trong nghign cim nay, mdt sd phep phan tich thdng kg sau day da dugc
sii dung dg tinh loan dp tin cay ciia lhang Ddng cam Toronto
He so tin cay Alpha cua Cronbach dugc tinh toan trong phan tich dp tin
cay cua lhang do d long thg va d cac nhdm khae nhau He sd Alpha duge chap
nhan la tir 0,7 trd Ign Ngoai ra, he sd luomg quan hieu chinh giita liem vdi thang
do khi item bj loai bd (Corrected corrclalion item - total) cung dugc sOr dung nhu
mdt tigu ehuan bd sung dg xac djnh gia tri ciia timg item
He sd tuong quan Pearson eiia timg item \di tdng digm cua thang do
dugc su dung trong phan lich item dg phan tich dp tin ca>' timg item trong thang
do (item-total anh sis) 1 Ic sd tuong quan dugc chap nhan la tir 0,3 ttd Ign
He sd tuong quan Pearson giira hai nira cua thang do (dugc phan chia
theo sd thit ly chin \a le) dugc dung dc phan tich do lin cay phan ddi Bgn
c?nh dd hg sd phan ddi Guitman va he sd phan ddi Spearman-Brown dugc sit
dung bd sung dg danh gia tdt hon loai he sd lin ca\ nay
He sd luomg quan Pearson giiia 2 digm tdng thang Ddng cam Toronto eua
hai lan thyc hien lhang do dugc tinh loan de xac djnh he sd lin ca\ lest-retest
TAPCHlTAMiynOC, Sdl2(2l3), 12-2016 41
Trang 5Ngoai ra, thdng kg md ta ciing dugc su dung vdi cac thdng sd thdng ke: digm trung binh digm trung \ i, dp lech ehuan va cac chi sd ciia phan bd diem nhu dp nghigng va dp nhpn ciia phan bd dg md ta digm ciia lhang do trgn mau hpc sinh ludi vj thanh nign d nude la
Tit ca cac phan tich thdng kg trgn duge tinh loan vdi img dung SPSS
Ket qua nghien ciru
Phan tich item
Phan lich item phan anh sy dn dinh bgn trong thang do Nd dugc linh loan dya trgn mong quan ciia timg thang do vdi loan bp thang do Phuong phap nay dugc xay dyng dya ttdn nguygn Iy: bdi lhang do dugc thigt kg dg do mdt d|c linh nao dd ngn mpi item cua nd cung phai do ciing dac tinh dd Khi cac item eiia lhang do dgu cd mong quan manh vdi loan bd lhang do, digu dd cd nghTa la lhang do cd dp dn dinh cao hay dp lin cay cao Khi lhang do cd nhigu item mong quan yeu vdi tdng digm, digu dd cd nghTa la lhang do cd dp on djnh thap va dp lin cay thip Tit ca cac item cd he sd tuong quan vdi tdng digm nhd hon 0,3 deu duge xem xet lai bdi chung thigu dn dinh va lam giam dp tin cay ciia thang do Phan tich item cho bigt gia tri eiia timg item trong thang do
Kgt qua phan tich item-total dugc hign thj d bang 1 dudi day
Bdng I: He sd tuong quan giira item vai tdng diem cua thang do
Cac item
1 Khi ai do dang cam thay phan khich, toi co xu hudng cung phan khich theo
2 Bat hanh cua ngudi khae khong lam phien nhieu den toi (*)
3 Tdi cam thay budn khi thay ai do bj doi xur thieu ton trpng
4 Ngudi d c^nh toi dang hanh phue hay khong cung khong anh hudng gi den
toi(•)
5 Toi thich lam cho ngudi khae cam thay t6t hom
6 Tdi CO cam giac nhe nhang quan tam den nhftng ngudi kem may mSn hon
toi
7 Khi mpt ngudi ban bat dau noi ve van de ciia minh, toi cd g&ng lai cau
chuy?n sang hudng khae (*)
8 Toi cd the noi chuyen khi ngirdi khae buon, ngay ca khi hp khdng ndi bat cu
dieu gi
9 Toi thay rang tdi "ddng dieu" vdi tam trang ciia ngudi khae
Tvongquan item-total
0,387" 0,397" 0,500" 0,490" 0,550" 0,523" 0,282" 0,002 0,418"
Trang 610 Toi khdng cam thSy sir cam thdng vdi nhOng ngudi tir gay ra cac benh
nghiem trpng cho chinh ho (*)
11 Tdi cam thiy khong yen/bj kich dpng khi co ai dd khoc (*)
0.345 0,556
14 Khi thay ai dd bi doi xir bat cdng tdi khong cam tha\ su thiromg hai doi
15 Toi thay vige mpi ngirdi khoc vi hanh phiic that la ngd ngan (*)
16 Khi nhin thSy mpt ai do bi lai dung, tdi cam thay phai bao \ c hp theo mot
each nao dd
0,465 0,526
Ghi chu: (*): Cdc Hem nghich ddo: Miicy nghTa: *:p< 0.05: **; p < 0.01
Kgt qua phan lich item cho thiy cd 2 item cd he sd mong quan < 0,3 vdi
digm tdng cua lhang do Dd la item sd 7 va 8 Day la nhimg item khdng lot, the
hien su khdng dn djnh nhat trong sd cac item cua lhang do Ddng cam nay trgn
mau trg vj thanh nign Viet Nam
Do tin cay Alpha cua Cronbach
Day la dp lin cay danh gia sy dn dinh bgn trong ciia thang do Nd dugc
tinh loan dya trgn luong quan ciia timg item vdi tdng ciia cac item cdn lai ciia
lhang do Kgt qua phan tich cho thay do lin ca\ cua lhang = 0,74 Tuy he sd nay
vugt mirc chip nhan dugc nhung xem xet tuong quan ciia timg item vdi tdng cac
item khae ciia thang do thi thiy cd 4 item cd he sd tuomg quan (dudi 0,25) gdm
item sd 2 7, 8 va 10 Dd la nhiing item khdng tdt, cd thg can dugc loai bd khdi
thang do dg lam tang dp tin cay eua nd Digm dang luu y day dgu la nhiing item
nghjch dao (trir item sd 8)
Dp lin cay Alpha cua Cronbach cua lhang Ddng cam Toronto vdi day du
16 item va khi loai bd 4 item trgn dugc hign thi d bang 2 dudi day Sau khi loai
bd 4 item nay thi do tin cay cua thang tang Ign thanh 0.76, tuomg quan cua timg
item vdi ldng cae item khae ciia thang do dgu ldn hom 0,3
DOr lieu vg he sd lin cay Alpha d bang 2 cho thay, he sd nay dgu lit 0,7
trd Ign, phan anh sy luomg ddi dn djnh cua lhang do d tat ca cae nhdm gidi tinh
va lua tudi duge xem xet He sd tin cay dao ddng lit 0,70 dgn 0,79, trong dd,
khdi Idp 8 va ldp 11 cho kel qua vg he sd lin cay thap nhat chi dat 0,70 va 0,72
luong irng, cdn ldp 7 va ldp 9 cho kgt qua cao nhat, dat 0,77 va 0,79 tuong
ling Sy chgnh lech nay khdng phan anh quy luat he sd lin cay tang hay giam
theo lira tudi ma cd thg luong ddi ngau nhign
Trang 7Bdng 2: Dp tin cdy Alpha ciia Cronbach cua thang
Ddng cdm Toronto a cdc nhdm
Gidi tinh
Khoi Idp
Nam
NCr
Ldp 7 Ldp 8
Ldp9 Ldp 10 Ldp 11 Ldp 12
Tong
Alpha ciia Cronbach
16 item
0,73 0,74 0,72 0,71 0,77 0,74 0,70 0,77
0,74
Alpha ciia Cronbach
12 item
0.75
0,76
0,77 0,70 0,79 0,75 0,72
0,76 0,76
Do tin cay phan doi
Dp tin ca> phan ddi la dp tin cay eiia 2 nira thang do Day la dp tin cay dugc tinh loan bing so sanh kgt qua ciia hai niia test Ve m^t ly ihuygl, mpt thang do cd dp tin cay cao thi cac item ciia lhang do ddu cd quan he chat che vdi nhau, vi thg viec phan ddi sd item ciia lhang do phai lao ngn 2 phign ban tuong duong nhau va chiing phai cd tuong quan vdi nhau Vi phai chia lam hai ngn dg danh gia dugc dp tin cay phan ddi thi sd lugng item eiia thang do nay khdng dugc qua it Khi cd qua it sd lugng item, rdi lai phai chia ddi thi sg anh hudng dgn kgt qua cua he sd luong quan (hay la dp lin cay phan ddi) H? sd lin cay phan ddi se nhd hon dp tin cay thyc sy cua lhang do
Bang 3: He sd tin cdy phdn ddi ciig thgng Dong com Toronto
Cac loai h^ so tin cay phan doi H? so tucmg quan giOa 2 niia thang do (6 item)
H| so phan ddi Guttman
H? so phan ddi Spearman-Brown (hai nura bSng nhau)
H$so
0,636 0,771 0,778
He sd phan ddi Guttman va he sd phan ddi Spearman-Brown ciing dugc sit dyng dg danh gia dp tin cay phan ddi
Trang 8Kgt qua vg dp lin cay phan ddi cho thiy he sd tuong quan giura hai niia lhang do (mdi nua cd 6 item) la 0,64 Day la mpt chi sd khdng cao chua dat miic 0,7 la dp Idn chip nhan dugc ciia he sd tin ca\ Tuy nhign, do mdi niia chi
cd 6 item, tiic la so lugng item it ngn he sd nay se ihap hon he sd lin cay thyc eua thang do He sd lin cay phan ddi ciia Guttman \ a Spearman-Brown dugc xem xet dg xac djnh he so tdt hon He so tin cay cua hai niia thang do theo chi
sd he sd tin ca\ phan ddi cua Guttman va Spearman-Browm dgu ldn hon 0,70, cho thiy cac item eua lhang do kha tuong duong nhau trong do ludng sy ddng cam d miu nghign ciiu Sy tuomg duong na> dugc thg hien d cac chi sd thdng
ke md ta ciia hai nira lhang do trgn bieu dd 1
•.••trfrKTi
lAng tfMiii nva thw nhit
Diem trung binh: 21.22
Diem trung vi: 21.00
Dp l?ch ehuan: 4.07
Dp nghieng; -0,227
Dp nhpn: 0.053
Diem thap nhat: 6,00
Diem cao nhat; 30,00
Dp tin cay Alpha cua Cronbach: 0.578
T4nf dltMntf*i>Hr»ul
Diem trung binh: 21,28 Diem trung vi: 21.00
Dp lech ehuan: 4,08
Dp nghieng: -0,315
Dp nhpn:-0.001
Diem thap nhat: 6,00 Diem cao nhat: 30.00
Dp tin cay Alpha cua Cronbach: 0,585
Ghi chii: Xua thu nhdt gdm cdc item sd: 1.4.6 II 13 IS 13 Hem nghich dao: 4, II vd 15);
\mi iln'r Inn gom cdc Hem so 3, 3 9 12 14, 16 (2 item nghich dao: 12 vd 14)
Biiu dd 1: Phdn bd diem ciig hgi nirg thgng do
Xem xet cac chi sd thdng kg va bigu dd cua hai niia moi nira gdm 6 item eua thang Ddng cam Toronto cho thay ca hai niia lhang do deu liem can phan bd chuin vdi pham vi ciia digm sd dat dugc tir digm thap nhat dgn cao nhat ciia
Trang 9thang digm nay vdi 6 item (tir 6 dgn 30 digm) Cac chi sd thdng ke kha luong duong nhau d ca hai bdn Digu nay cho thiy hai niia lhang do la tuong duong nhau ttong do ludng ddng cam d mau trg vi thanh nign Viet Nam Tuv nhign, do moi niia chi cd 6 item ngn do lin cay cua moi nira la mong ddi thap Vi thg khdng ngn dimg I nua thang do nhu phign ban nil gpn dg do ludng ddng cam mdt each ddc lap ma phai diing ca thang do
Do tin cay Do - do Igi (test-retest)
Day la dp tin cay dugc tinh loan bing each so sanh kgt qua ciia digm trie nghigm tten ciing mdt ddi mgng, dugc do ttong hai lin khae nhau ve thdi gian Tuong quan digm sd cua hai lin do nay chinh la dp tin cay test-retest cua lhang do
Dg xac djnh do tin cay test-retest, thi nhdm ddi mgng se thyc hien thang
do trong 2 lin each nhau mdt khoang thdi gian nhit dmh Khoang thdi gimi nay khdng qua ngin dg loai bdt anh hudng eua tti nhd, cua kinh nghiem dgn kgt qua lam lhang do nhung khdng dugc qua dai dg kel qua thang do khdng chju anh hudng nhigu bdi tac dpng cua hoan canh bgn ngoai tdi ddi tugng lam lhang
do hoac anh hudng cua Ihdi gian ldi dac linh dugc do
Vdi thang Ddng cam Toronto, thang do dugc thyc hien hai lin, each nhau
I min, ttdn miu 77 hpc sinh ldp 10 lai thanh phd Hue Kel qua phan tich mong quan test-retest ciia hai lan do la: 0,507
Ngu xgt theo dp Idn ciia h? sd tuomg quan Ihl day la h? so tuomg quan mong ddi manh Nhung vdi ygu ciu vg dp tin cay test-retest thi dd l?i la mpt kgt qua khdng cao, phan anh sy khdng that dn djnh eua lhang do theo thdi gian Digm dang luu y la khoang thdi gian giiia hai lin do chi la 7 ngay, mpt khoang thdi |ian tdi thigu dg do ludng dp tin cay test-retest Trong khoang thdi gian
dd, vg cupc sdng, it cd sy dao Ipn dg din dgn thay ddi vg ddi sdng lam ly ddi vdi con ngudi ndi chung Nhung cd diem dang chu y la ddi tugng thyc hi?n thang do la trg d liia ludi vi thanh nign dang di hgc, la nhiing ngudi chua thyc
sy dn djnh vg tam ly trong qua trinh phat trign Ddi sdng trudng hpc (bao gdm hpc tap, quan h^ b^n bg, thay cd, npi quy trudng hpc.) khdng ITnh ma tuong ddi dpng, vi v^y cd thg cd nhiing tic dpng nhat djnh tire thdi ddn hpc sinh Trong qua trinh thu th$p dil lieu, chiing tdi da bd qua cac ygu td sy ki^n trudng hpc nay trong khoang thdi gian nghien ciru ngn khdng cd dugc nhiing luan giai chinh xac Day ciing la bai hpc khi nghign cim dp tin cay cua thang do: can md rpng hom npi dung thu thap thdng tin tir thyc dja dg xac djnh nhiing yiu td ed thg tac dpng dgn npi dung do ludng
Phan bo diim cua lhang Ddng cam Toronto
Vi?c xem xdt phan bd digm ciia thang do cho phdp nhin nhan tdt hon v^ chat lugng cua die item thanh phin cua thang do trong tdng the ca thang do
46 TAPCHlTAMiyHOCSd 12(213) 12-2016
Trang 10Digm cua thang E)dng cam Toronto dugc tinh bing digm tong cua 12 item thanh phan sau khi da ddi digm mdt sd item nghich dao ciia thang do Diem thap nhat trong thang didm nay la 12 va cao nhit la 60
Phan bd digm ciia lhang nay trgn mau tre vi thanh nign dugc hign thj d bigu dd 2 dudi day Didm dat dugc cua mau thip nhat la 16 (thg hien sy ddng cam d miic thap) \ a cao nhat la 30 (thg hien sy ddng cam d mirc cao nhat) Dai digm nay cho thay kha nang phan biel ciia thang do trong danh gia mirc do ddng cam eua hgc sinh tudi \ i thanh nidn Bidu dd 2 cdn cho thay phan bd digm gan dat phan phdi ehuan vdi didm trung binh ciia ldng diem = 42.5 (dp Idch ehuan = 7,4) gan nhu mong duong vdi didm tnmg \ i = 43 dp nghieng % a dp nhpn ddu gan gia trj 0 (bang -0.25 va 0,03 mong iing) Day la mdt phan bd ly mdng dg tign hanh cae phan tich tigp theo \'e dp hieu lyc ciia lhang do na>
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T^-r-rft^il J'lllllilnll
Tinfl dU« « « • c«B 13 MMB
Bieu do 2: Phdn bd diem tdng thgng Ddng cdm Toronto
Ket luan
Kgt qua nghign cim dp tin cav' ciia thang D ^ g cam Toronto trgn mau trg
vi thanh nign Viet Nam cho thay mdt sd digm sau:
Thii nhat thang do cd 4 item thigu tinh dn djnh, khdng ddng nhit vg ndi dung do ludng sy ddng cam nhu cac item khae cua thang do khidn cho thang
do chua dat dp tin cay cao vd tdng thg
Thir hai sau khi loai bd cac item nay dp tin ca> ciia thang do tang Ign tinh dn djnh bgn ttong cua thang do cao hem