Nhicng mong mud'n xdy dung vd gid gin hanh phiic gia dinh ciia thanh nien cdc ddn tpc tliieu sd viing Tay Nam Bd ve viec giic gin cdc mdi qudn he vdi cha me, dng bd va ddm hdo cdng viec
Trang 1thanh nien cac dan toe thieu sd vung l a y Nam Bp ci nydc ta hien nay va mpt so nhan
tP tac dpng" do TS Vu Ngoc Ha lam chii nhiem, de tai dupc Quy Nafosted tai tra
NHU CAU XAY DLJNG VA GlQ GIN
HANH PHUC GIA DINH CUA THANH NIEN CAC DAN TOC THIEU SO
VUNG TAY NAM BO
ThS Pham Minh Thu
Vien Tdm ly hoc
TOM TAT
Nghien cicu lien hdnh khdo sdt tren 1.471 thanh nien ddn tpc thiiu sd vimg Tay Nam Bo So lieu thu duqc cho ttidy, ddi vdi thanh men cdc ddn tpc thieu so viing Tay Nam Bp yeu to quan trqng died mpt gia dinh hanh phiic td vq chdng yeu thuang nliau ddm hdo vi kinh ti vd tiep den Id giic gin md'i quan he vdi cha me ong bd Nhicng mong mud'n xdy dung vd gid gin hanh phiic gia dinh ciia thanh nien cdc ddn tpc tliieu sd viing Tay Nam Bd ve viec giic gin cdc mdi qudn he vdi cha me, dng bd va ddm hdo cdng viec cd thu nhqp trpi han so vdi nhdng mong mud'n khdc Nhieng mcmg mudn ndo d micc cao thi cung duqc hq ddnh gid mice dp dqt duqc ticang icng Ben cqnh
dd, SIC khdc biet vi mong mudn vd viec dqt duqc nhicng mong mudn dd ciia thanh nien
d ticng ddn tpc deu cd nhicng net dqc trtcng rieng xudt phdt td dqc thii cita tinh ddn tpc
Tfl khoa: Nhu cdu xdy dung vd gid gin hanh phiic gia dinh; Thanh nien ddn
loc thiiu so viing Tdy Nam Bp, Quan niem ve gia dinh hanh phiic
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 04/12/2013; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/6/2014
M d d a u
Gia dinh la m d t mdt phan rat quan trgng dd'i vdi ta't ea mgi ngudi Su gan ke'l, rang budc gifla cac thanh vien trong gia dinh ciing nhflng mdi quan he khac nhau nhung deu ciing hudng tdi mdt mue dfch c h u n g la xay d u n g va gifl gin gia dinh hanh phiic Tuy nhien, quan niem ve mdt gia dinh hanh phiic d mdi mdt the he, mdi mdt dan ldc, mdi mgt viing mien deu cd nhflng net rieng va cd
Trang 2ve quan niem se dSn tdi sy khac nhau d nhu ciu dd Vay dudi con mat cua
thanh nidn cac dan tpc thiiu sd d vung Tay Nam Bd hien nay thi nhu can xSy dyng va giO gin hanh phuc gia dinh se nhu nao?
Vdi each hiiu, nhu cSu xay dyng va giu gin hanh phuc gia dinh la mong mud'n xay dyng va giO gin hanh phuc gia dinh, nghien cdu nay nham tim hiiu cac va'n di: 1/ Thanh nien dan tdc thiiu sd vting Tay Nam Bd quan niem the nao vi mdt gia dinh hanh phuc, nhihig gia tri nio dugc hg hirdng tdi; 2/ Nhihig mong mud'n xay dyng va giO gin hanh phuc gia dinh gi ma hg chu y de'n; cd sy khac biet gi d nhimg nhdm theo cac bien gidi ti'nh, dan tdc, tinh trang hdn nhan; 3/ NhiJng mong mud'n dd da dat dugc din dau?
Phuong phap nghi£n ciini
Nghien cdu dugc tien hanh bang phucmg phap dieu tra bang bang hdi va phdng va'n sau ban ca'u true Sd mSu dugc hdi la 1.471 thanh nien dan tdc thiiu
sd tren cac dja ban ciia 5 tinh vung Tay Nam Bd: Kien Giang, An Giang, Bac Lieu, Tra Vinh, Sdc Trang nam 2013 Sd lieu khao sat duoc xd ly bang phan mim thd'ng ke toan hgc SPSS 13.0
Ket qua nghien curu
1 Quan niem cua thanh nien cdc ddn tpc thieu so vdng Tdy Nam Bp
ve gia dinh hanh phiic
Di lim hiiu y kie'n ciia thanh nien vi nhung diiu quan trgng tao nen
mdt gia dinh hanh phuc, nghien cuu yeu cau khach the lya chgn 3 Irong sd 7 diiu ma hg cho IS quan trgng nha't de tao nen mdt gia dinh hanh phuc Kit qua nghien cdu dugc hiin thi d bang 1, thi hien kha rd quan niem vi mdt gia dinh hanh phuc ma thanh nien dan tdc thiiu sd vung Tay Nam Bd hudng tdi
Bdng 1: Quan niem cua thanh nien cdc ddn tpc Ihieit sd
vimg Tdy Nam Bq ve gia dinh hanh phiic
Quan niem v^ gia dinh hanh phuc
1 Vg cll6ng yeu thircfng vii quan ISm lan nhau
2 Dam biio kinh 16' de d;ip img nhu cliu song cua gia dinh
-3 Phung dudng cha me, ong b;i
4 Cham sdc vi'i giiio due con
5 Duy Iri v;i dam bao moi quan he ciia gia dinh vdi ho hang va
nhQng ngirai xung quanh
6 Sinh dc con ciii
7 Hoa hop v^ quan he linh due
Ty le % 78,5 70,0 54,6 M.l 47,6 16,4 14,1
Thiir bac
1
2
3
4
.•;
6
7
Gill ciui• Ty It' % tlii'u iditg sdtigtrirt lid liri
Trang 3mdt gia dinh hanh phuc kha tap trung Cd th^ nhan tha'y:
- Nhutig dieu dugc nhieu ngudi lua chgn nhiLt la: Vg chdng yeu thuong
va quan tam lan nhau (chigm 78,5% y ki6^n lira chgn); Dam bao kinh te' d^ dap flng nhu e^u sd'ng cua gia dinh (chie'm 70,0% y kie'n lua chgn); Phung dudng cha me, dng ba (chie'm 54,6% >' kie'n lua chgn)
- NhiJng dieu dugc ft ngudi lua ebon nhat la: Hda hgp v6 quan he tinh due (chie'm 14,1% y kie'n lua chgn); Sinh de con cai (chie'm 16,4% y kie'n lua chgn)
So lieu tren cho tha'y, thanh nien danh gia cao v^ tinh cam vg chdng Ddi vdi hg, sfl gan ke't tinh cam vg chong la dieu quan trgng nha't, rang budc viing chac d^ tdn tai va phat tri^n gia dinh Theo y kie'n cua cac ban thanh nien
thi "Thanh nien nam nUden dp tudi kit hon duoc tu do tim hieu, yeu duc/ng vd
tu nguyen kit hon Cd thuong nhau thi mdi den vdi nhau, mdi vu0 qua duqc nhdng kho khdn sau ndy" (nam, 26 tu6i, dan tdc Hoa, Bac Lieu) Di^u quan
trgng tie'p theo la v^ va'n de kinh te Cd the ndi day la quan niem kha thuc te' va
thang than, khae ban vdi quan niem hudng tdi cudc sd'ng tinh thin "mdt mai
nha tranh hai trai tim vang" Dd'i vdi hg, dam bao ve kinh te' se giup cho gia dinh cd cudc sd'ng on dinh, ed dieu kien d^ lo cho con cai an hgc, lo cho cha
me va nhflng mdi quan he khac Nhin xa hon thi dam bao ve kinh te' cung giup eho eudc sd'ng vg chdng cd co hdi g ^ gui, chia se quan tam de'n nhau Ben canh dd, thanh nien cung cho rang, dieu quan trgng thfl ba de tao dung mdt gia dinh hanh phfle, dd la phung dudng cha me, dng ba Day la diem kha ndi bat, mang net dae trung dao hie'u thuan eua ngudi Viel Nam
Sd lieu cijng eho thay, sinh de con cai va hda hgp quan he tinh due gifla
vg chong la hai dieu ma thanh nien cho la it quan trgng nha't Mdt sd y kie'n eua
cac ban thanh nien cd the ly giai ve van de sinh de con eai nhu sau: "Viec sinh con cung la diiu c/uan trgng, nhung khong nhdt thiet Id phdi sinh con ngay khi kit hem, CO the vdi ndm khi kinh tedn dn da" (nam, 24 dan tdc Hoa, Bac Lieu);
"Em cung thich co nhiiu con, nhung hien nay, cdc cap vcy chdng cung chi sinh
tU mpt den hai ccm de nudi dqy con cho tdt" (nfl, 22 tuoi, dan tdc Khmer, Tra
Vinh) Cd the hieu, cdng tac tuyen truyen dan sd ke' hoach hda va cac phucfng tien thdng tin dai ehflng da cd ft nhieu tac ddng de'n nhan thflc cua thanh nien
Ve van de "hda hgp trong quan he tinh due" cung ft duge thanh nien trong dien
khao sat lua chgn Don gian vi "Chuyen dd Id cdng quan trgng lam chd, nhung
no hen te nhi, kho noi Idm!" (nam, 26 tudi, dan tde Khmer, Sdc Trang) hoac cai
tum tim cudi lang tranh ciia mdt ed gai khi ehung tdi phdng va'n Su e de, ngai ngung d nhung thanh nien nay ly giai cho sfl lua chgn dd Vi vay, trong bay dieu quan trgng de tao dung mdt gia dinh hanh phfle thi viec sinh de eon cai va
Trang 4khdng nam trong thfl bac dugc uu tien
Tdm lai, ke't qua thu dugc cho tha'y, vdi thanh nien cac dan tde thi^u sd
vung Tay Nam Bd, 6i gia dinh hanh phue thi vSn de tinh cam vg ehdng va vin
de dam bao kinh te' gia dinh vdn la quan trgng nha't, vugt trdi hon so vdi nhung va'n de khac,
2 Nhu cdu xdy dimg vd giQ gin hanh phiic gia dinh cda thanh nien cdc ddn tpc thieu sd viing Tdy Nam Bp
Nghien cflu da tha'y dugc quan niem eua thanh nien cac dan tdc thi^u sd
ve gia dinh hanh phfle, nhung nhu eSu xay dung va giu gin hanh phue gia dinh cua hg hudng tdi nhflng mong mudn gi va mong mud'n nao la nhieu nha't? Vdi thang diem do mflc dd nhu c^u dugc tfnh theo chieu tang dan tfl 0 de'n 10 diem (trong dd, 0 diem la khdng cd nhu c5u, 10 di^m la cd nhu eau nhieu nhat), cau tra ldi se cd d bang dudi day
Bdng 2: Nhu cdu xdy dung vd gid gin hanh phuc gia dinh cua thanh nien cdc ddn tpc thieu so viing Tdy Nam Bp
Cac mong muon
1 M6t c6ng vific co thu nhap 6n dinh
2 Cd nha 0 va liSn nghi sinh hoal
3 Diim biio vt mat dinh dirSng vii sure khoe cho con
4 Day con nfin ngucri/lnrdng Ihanh
.') Dam bao viec hoc hanh cho con
6 Till hien linh yeu thucmg, tdn trong giira va chdng
7 Vo chong chia se, trao doi cac viin di vai nhau
8 Ho<i hop quan he Ilnh due va chdng
9 Biio diim tinh due an loan cho va chong
10 Cd that nhilu con
12 Ki'nh Irong, li phep vdi cha me, dng ba
13 Cham sdc siie khoe cho cha me, dng ba
14 Diim bao duy Hi ciic md'i quan h^ cua gia dinh vdi ho hang, gia
15 Dam bao mdi quan h4 ciia gia dinh vai hang xdm, liing gieng
DTB
9.32
9,09 8,7.') 8,96 8,92 8,88 8,71 7,59 8,08
3,73
5,54
9,44 9,58
9,13
8,93
DLC 1,704 1,960 2,598 2,511 2.511 2.511 2.574 3.261 3.174 3.709 3.823 1.691 1.187 1.692
1.887
«9
Trang 5mud'n xay dung va gifl gin hanh phuc gia dinh Dd la: Cham sdc sflc khoe cho
cha me, dng ba (DTB = 9,58); Kfnh trgng, le phep vdi cha me, dng ba (DTB = 9,44);
Mdt cdng viec cd thu nhap dn dinh (DTB = 9,32); Dam bao, duy tri eae md'i
quan he eua gia dinh vdi hg hang, gia tdc (DTB = 9,13); Cd nha d va tien nghi
sinh hoat (DTB = 9,09) Va hai mong mudn lien quan tdi chflc nang duy tri ndi
gid'ng ciaa gia dinh ft dugc lua chgn nha't la: Cd that nhilu con (DTB = 3,73) va
Cd con trai (DTB = 5,54)
Nhflng sd lieu tren cho thay, thanh nien cac dan tdc thi^u sd tap trung
vao mong mudn tao dung va gifl gin md'i quan he vdi dng ba, eha me, hg hang
va cd mong mud'n dam bao co sd vat cha't cho gia dinh thdng qua dam bao mdt
cdng viec cd thu nhap va nhiJng dieu kien nha d va tien nghi sinh hoat han la
nhirng mong mud'n khae
Thuc te' qua viec tim hi^u va quan sat tai cac dia ban khao sat, nhihig gia
dinh cap vg chdng tre ngudi Khmer thudng chi sd'ng vdi cha me khi mdi lap gia
dinh, nhung khi cd con thi sd'ng tach rieng (an rieng, d rieng) mac du ddi sd'ng
cd rat nhilu khd khan; gia dinh thanh nien ngudi Hoa thi cd thi sdng chung
hoac rieng Tuy nhien, du van sd'ng chung hay rieng thi md'i quan he ciia hg
vdi cha me van ra't gdn bd va giflp dd hd trg nhau Nhieu cap vg chdng thanh
nien khi di lam thudng gfli eon eai cho dng ba cham nom Suy nghT cfla hg ve
mong mud'n nay cung ra'l don gian: "Cha me, dng bd thi phdi cham sdc chd,
ngudi gid md, vc'fi lai ong bd giup minh trdng con cho minh di Idm thi minh phdi
cham nom" (nfl, 29 tudi, dan tde Hoa, Tra Vinh) Dieu nay ly giai cho su mong
mud'n giu gin md'i quan he vdi cha me, dng ba eiia thanh nien d ea ba dan tde,
dong thdi cung ly giai eho su mong mudn ve mdt edng viee ed thu nhap on
dinh, bdi cd mdt edng viec tfle la cd thu nhap va cdng viee dn dinh se dem lai
thu nhap 6n dinh cho ban than va dam bao eho cudc sd'ng cua gia dinh Y kie'n
cua Ihanh nien va eiia can bd Doan cung khang dinh dieu nay: "Theo quan
diem cd nhdn, qua viec tiep can vdi nhiiu ddi tuong khdc nhau thi thd'y, thanh
nien hien nay chu y nhiiu din nhu cdu vat chdt nhiiu hem Vi thuc tehien nay,
nhiiu thanh nien vdn chua co viec lam, nen hg mong muem cd viec lam, co thu
nhqp la rdt leyn vd mong mdi Idn nhdl Id co viec lam, thu nhqp on dinh Vd Iqi,
thanh nien Id luc lucfng lao dpng chinh nen hg rdt mong mpdn ngay cd vdi
ngucfi dd cd hay chua co gia dinh" (nam, 37 tuoi, dan tdc Kinh, can bd Doan,
Tra Vinh); "Thanh men d day rdt cham chi, chiu kho lam dn, nhung cung it
viec NhCeng tricdng hgp khong cd viec lam diu khien gia dinh lo Idng vi khdng
CO viec tdm se chcfi bcfi, la cd" (nam, 26 tudi, dan tdc Khmer, Sdc Trang)
Ve chflc nang duy tri ndi gid'ng, cd thi nhan tha'y, cdng tac tuyen truyen
dan so, ke' hoach hoa gia dinh tai cac dia ban khao sat da cd nhflng hieu qua
nha't dinh, ft nhat la tac ddng tdi nhan thflc, lua chgn va mong mud'n eua hg
Trang 6hon so vdi trudc kia - 10 nam trudc (trudc kia thi so lugng thanh nien ke't hdn d
dd tu6i 1 8 - 2 0 tuoi nhilu hon v^ nhilu trudng hgp tao hdn, nhung hien nay, tudi ke't hdn trung binh la 22 - 26, nhilu trudng hgp mudn hon va ra't hiem trudng hgp tao hdn
Ben canh dd, nhung mong mud'n lien quan tdi nudi dudng, cham sdc va giao due eon cai eiia thanh nien d ca ba dan tdc eung la diem dang luu tam Tai eae dia ban khao sal, md'i quan tam de'n con cai (the" he sau) cung da duge thanh nien quan tam ban, ma theo hg la "can phai quan tam hon so vdi the' he minh",
"gid thi de ft hon trudc, ma thanh nien cung ed hieu bie't nhilu hon vl cham sdc con nhu an udng the' nao cho khoe manh, rdi day cai gi cho con bie't Be la the, rdi Idn thi cung phai lam sao eho con tranh xa cam dd, khdng dugc ludi hge Tre eon gid deu phai eho di hgc bet, biet chfl thi se hgc dugc nhilu hon, chfl nhu d Thanh Son nay cd nhilu ngudi nhu chiing tdi edn khdng bie't chfl, chi bie't ndi tie'ng Kinh thdi Nhan thflc la the' nhung cung hoi khd thuc hien, nhung bie't the' thi eung da la hon rdi Minh chi mud'n ddi con minh lam sao eho tdt ban" (nam, 27 tuoi, dan tdc Khmer, Tra Vinh) Su quan tam va quye't tam nay dugc nhan thay rd nha't d mdt so dia ban, dac biet la d Tra Vinh Tren eac dudng phd chi'nh, hoae dgc dudng qudc Id d tren thanh phd cflng nhu ndng thdn diu cd nhiiTig pano, ap phfch vdi nhflng khau hieu mang ndi dung khuyen khfch hge tap dl thoai ngheo, de cd nhilu hie'u biet ban Day la mgi boat ddng truyln Ihdng rat eo y nghTa va huu ich ve va'n de hgc tap, khuyen cao tdi mgi ngudi dan, trong dd cd nhihig ngudi thanh nien dang la cha, la me hay dau tu va ddng vien con cai hgc tap
So sdnh nhu cdu xdy dung vd giu gin hqnh phiic gia dinh ciia ihanh nien cdc ddn tpc thieu sdtheo cdc tieu chi
Mac dtl trong mau nghien cflu, vi dilu kien khach quan tai cac dia ban khao sat, nen khach thi nghien cihi Iheo eac tieu chi khong cd su phan bd can bang, tuong duong Tuy nhien,.nhung sd lieu ciing vdi qua trinh tim hieu, quan sat, phdng va'n sau, nghien eflu ed thi thay nhung dilm dang luu tam them Ifl cac mong mud'n nay va dugc thi hien trong bang dudi day
Theo tieu chi giifi, trong khi hSu he't nhflng mong mud'n cua thanh nien
diu cd su tucmg dong, khdng cd su khac biet hoac khac biet ra'l it ihi mong mud'n hoa hgp vl quan he linh due vg chong (nam DTB = 7,83; nfl DTB - 7,18;
p < 0,001) va mong mudn vl bao dam linh due an loan eho vg chdng (nam DTB = 8,36; nfl DTB = 7,64; p < 0,001) lai co su khae biet Idn Cd le, ddi vdi nfl, dl xay dung va gifl gin hanh phue gia dinh thi nhflng mong mudn khac ndi trdi hon nhflng dilu ma dd'i vdi hg la te nhi, tham kfn, rieng tu
TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd 7 (184), 7 - 2 0 1 4
Trang 7cdc ddn tpc thieu so'vimg Tdy Nam Bp (theo cdc tieu chi)
Cac mong mudn
1 Cqng vice CO Ehu nhilp on dinh
2 C6 nha d vii lien nghi sinh hoat
3 Bao dam dinh dudng vii sijc
khoe cho con
4 Day con nen ngitdi/lrudng
thiinh
5 Diim biio viec hoc hanh t h o
con
6 The hicn ilnh yCu Ihuong, tdn
trong giOa va chdng
7 Vo chdng chia se Irao ddi cac
viin de vdi nhiiu
8 Hoa hop quan he tinh due va
chdng
9 Biio dUni linh due an loan cho
va chdng
10 Cdlhai nhieu con
11 Cd con Irai
12 Kinh trgng, II phep vdi cha
mc, dng ba
13 Cham sdc sire khoe cho cha
me dng bii
14 DAm bao duy tri cac mdi
quan he ciia gia dinh vdi ho hang,
gia ldc
15 Dam biio md'i quan he ciia gia
dinh vcri hiing xdm liing gieng
Gidi tinh
Nam
9,30 9,02 8.67 8.94 8,90
8,90 8.69 7,83 8.36 3,85 5,67 9.47 9,54
9.05
8.85
NB
9.35 9.21 8,86 8,97
8,91 8,84 8,75 7,18 7,64 3,51
5,31
9,38 9,63
9.24
9.05
Tinh trang hdn nhan
Da ket hdn
9,28 8,93 9,07
9,45 9,34
9,34 9,10 8,55 8,88
4 1 1
5 7 3 9,43 9,59
8.95
8.65
Chua ke't hdn
9,34
9,14
8.63 8.79 8,77
8.72 8,.58 7,26 7,81 3,61 5,47 9,43 9,57
9,19
9,02
Dan toe Hoa
9.58 9.22 8.62 8.90 8,78
8,81 8,77 7,68
8,00
3,60 5,71 9,23 9,45
8.98
8.60
Cham
8.84
8,71 8,17
8,37 8,29
8,19
8.11 6.94 7.43
4 7 1
5.41 9.49
9.68
9.24
9.26
Khmer
9,44 9,23 9,19 9,37 9,40
9,36 9,08 7,92 8.56 3,21 5,48 9,55 9.60
9.16
8,97
Theo lieu chi tinh trqng hdn nhdn, hau he't nhflng mong mud'n cua thanh
nien da ed gia dinh deu cd diem trung binh cao hon va cd su khae biet r5 hon
so vdi thanh nien chua cd gia dinh, dae biet la nhung mong mud'n lien quan de'n tinh cam eua vg chong, quan he tinh due giua vg chong, cham sdc va nudi day con (sir khac biet cd y nghTa vl mat thd'ng ke p < 0,001) Thie't nghT, nhflng
Trang 8nen mong mud'n cija hg trdi hon ban
Theo tieu chi ddn tpc, mong mud'n cua thanh nien dan tdc Hoa vl viec
lam cd thu nhap ed phSn trdi hon, tie'p de'n la thanh nien dan tdc Khmer, cudi cung la Ihanh nien dan tde Cham (l^n lugt DTB = 9,58; 9,44; 8,84) Thdng qua eae tai lieu ndi vl ngudi Hoa eung vdi thue te' tie'p xuc cd the tha'y, ngudi Hoa
ed dae tfnh ra't chi thu va bie't ti'nh toan lam an, hg khdng thfch choi bdi hoae tham gia nhung hoat ddng khac Dieu nay da trd thanh mgt ne ne'p va cd ti'nh giao due trong gia dinh va cdng ddng tfl the' he nay sang the he khae Thanh nien dan tdc Hoa cung cd nhflng dac tinh do Dd'i vdi hg, phai cd mdt cdng viec, phai lam chu duge edng viee, Iham chi cd nhiing thanh nien cdn cho rang,
"Niu bdn thdn khdng co cimg viec thi khdng lo dugc cho vq con" (nam, 26
tudi, dan ldc Hoa, Bac Lieu) Dilu nay da nha'n manh de'n y chf, mong mud'n vl mdt edng viec de dam bao cho cudc sd'ng gia dinh Tuy nhien, nhflng mong mudn ve cdng viec ciia thanh nien dan toe Khmer va dan tdc Cham cung manh
me khdng kem qua tam su cua mdt thanh nien dan tde Khmer "Em khdng chi tqo cdng dn viec lam cho bdn thdn md cdn tqo viec lam cho ndm thanh nien khdc nda" (nam, 28 tudi, dan toe Khmer, Bac Lieu) Nhu eau vl loai cdng viec
cung cd su khac biet d thanh nien 3 dan tdc trong dien khao sat Cu the: thanh nien dan tde Hoa tap trung sfl dung tien vao nhflng cdng viee lien quan de'n nganh djch vu, budn ban, kinh doanh (nhu md, dau lu vao cfla hang tap hoa, mua ban phu tung sua xe ); cdn thanh nien dan tdc Khmer thi tap trung vao chan nudi (nhu mua cay gid'ng, phan bdn ), trong trgt (nhu mua heo, bd, ga, lam chudng Irai, mua Ihflc an, Ihudc phdng benh ); y kien ciia mgt thanh nien
dan tde Cham: "Nhd em co nuoi heo ndi vd heo thil, heo ndi thi de nd smh sdn con heo thit thi em mdi xudl chudng Mpt ndm diCefc hai lica Em niwi tic liic em lap gia dinh, cie lien tuc nhu thi' (nfl, 24 tu6i, dan tde Cham, An Giang) cflng
eho tha'y, edng viee ciia thanh nien dan tdc Cham tap trung vao trdng trgt, chan nudi (vfla de an vfla dl budn ban), nhung cflng Ihl hien linh nang ddng, linh hoat trong cdng viec Rat nhieu thanh nien dan ldc Cham cdn hudng cdng viec cua minh ra ben ngoai dia phuong, kinh doanh budn ban xa
VI mong mud'n hudng vl linh cam vg chdng trong gia dinh thi mong mud'n ciia thanh nien dan ldc Khmer lai trdi hon so vdi thanh nien dan tdc Hoa
va dan tdc Cham
Cd mdt dae dilm ra'l dang chu y ia: Nhu eau sinh nhilu con va nhu ci1u sinh eon trai cung it gap d do ludi thanh nien d ca 3 dan toe duge khao sat Nhu efiu sinh con trai ft tha'y hon d thanh nien dan tde Khmer la mdt dilu dl hiiu, vi gia dinh ngudi Khmer vSn Iheo che dd mSu he nen ngudi Khmer vfin thuong va quy con gai; nhung theo quan niem truyln thdng cua ngudi Hoa (can ed ngirdi ndi ddi tdng dudng) va quan dilm tdn giao cua ngudi Cham (Iheo dao Hdi) rat
Trang 9trd chuyen vui ve ciia hg vSn nhan tha'y su coi trgng nay qua y kie'n "phdi cd cem trai chie ", nhung tren thuc te' khi trao ddi mdt each nghiem tuc gifla hg vdi nhau thi quan niem da ed su chuyin bie'n "Cem ndo cung eluc/c cd trai cd gdi thi td'l, nhieng neu cd hai gdi thi cung thdi khdng de tula Vi giir viec sinh con nuoi cem ciing duac chit y hem trieifc rdi cdng tdc tuyen truyin ciing xudng ihuefng xuyen Da sd Id hg nhdc viec sinh cem dong, trudc ddy cha me hg da vdy rdi gicf hg khdc phuc cdi dd" (nam, 31 tudi, dan tde Hoa, Bac Lieu) Nhu
vay, tu ban than thanh nien dan tdc Hoa cung da nhan thay su chuyen bie'n Irong quan niem va mong mud'n tfl thanh nien the'he trude de'n thanh nien the
he hien tai Dd'i vdi hg, nhung chuyin bie'n nay la can thie't va phu hop vdi dilu kien eudc sd'ng hien tai
Nhu vay, nhin tdng thi, thanh nien eae dan toe thieu so vung Tay Nam
Bg ed mong mud'n tap trung hon vl viec gifl gin md'i quan he vdi eha me, dng
ba, hg hang va mong mud'n va'n dl kinh tl, ve vat cha't cho gia dinh (cu the la van dl cdng viec cd thu nhap dn dinh va nha d, trang thie't bj trong gia dinh); nhung ft cd mong mud'n ddng con va khdng quan trgng ve gidi tfnh eua eon Su khac biet theo tieu chf gidi giua thanh nien chi lien quan nhieu tdi van de sfle khoe tinh due NhOng thanh nien da ket hdn vdi nhflng trai nghiem thuc te'cd nhung mong mudn thien ban ve tinh cam vg chdng, chain sdc con cai va van dl sflc khoe linh due Nhflng mong mud'n vl edng viec dugc thay ro net d thanh nien dan ldc Hoa, nhflng mong mud'n Hen quan tdi tinh cam vg chdng trdi hon
d thanh nien dan tdc Khmer
3 Mice dqt duqc cdc nhu cdu xdy dimg vd gia gin hqnh phiic gia dinh cua thanh nien cdc ddn tpc thieu sd viing Tdy Nam Bp
De tim bilu mflc dat dugc cac nhu c^u xay dung va gifl gin hanh phuc gia dinh eua thanh nien eac dan tdc thilu so, nghien eflu ehi la'y so lieu tren 372 khach the da ket hdn (chiem 25,4% tdng khach the) dl phan tfch, bdi nhung ngudi ehua ke'l hdn thi ehua thi ed nhung dilu kien de thuc hien nhflng mong mudn cua minh Ke'l qua thu duge dua Iren su tu danh gia mflc dat dugc nhu Ciiu cua chinh khach the theo ihang diem tang dan tfl 0 den 10 dilm (trong do,
0 diem la khdng dat duge, 10 diem la dat dugc eao nha't) va duge thi hien d bang 4
Nhin vao sd lieu cd the tha'y:
- Nhung nhu cau lien quan tdi cae md'i quan he vdi cha me, dng ba duge thanh nien danh gia mflc dat dugc cao nha't Cu the: Kfnh trgng, ll phep vdi eha
me, dng ba (DTB = 8,50); cham sdc sflc khoe cho eha me, dng ba (DTB = 8,42); tiep de'n la mflc dat duge eac nhu eau lien quan de'n tinh cam vg chdng
Trang 10chdng chia se, trao ddi cae v^n de vdi nhau (DTB = 7,75)
Bdng 4: Mice dqt diCe/c ccic nhu cdu xdy dung vd giic gin hqnh phiic gia dinh ciia thanh nien cdc ddn tpc thiiu sdvitng Tdy Nam Be)
Mvte dat duac ciia timg nhu cau
1 Mdt cdng viec cd Ihu nhap dn dinh
2 Cd nha d va tien nghi sinh hoal
3 Dilm biio ve mat dinh dirang vii si'rc khoe cho con
4 Day con nen ngirdi/lrirdng Ihanh
5 Dam biio viec hoc hiinh cho con
6 The hien linh yen thuang tdn trong giua vg chdng
7 Va chdng chia se, Irao ddi Ciic vil'n dd vdi nhau
8 Ho.i hap quan hd linh due vo chdng
9 Biio dilm tinh due an loiin cho va chong
10 Cd thai nhieu con
11 Cd con trai
12 Kinh Irong Id phep vdi cha me dug bii
13 Cham sdc si'rc khoe cho cha me, dng ba
14 Diim biio duy Iri Ciic mdi quan he ciia gia dinh vdi ho hang, gta loc
15 Diim biio md'i quan he cua gia dinh vdi h.ing xdm lang gieng
DTB
6.69 6.26 6.57 6.55 6.76
».02 7<75 7.16 7.65
3.09
4.61 S.50 8,42 7.49
7.20
B1.C
2,969 3,088 3,303 3.295 3.441 2,710 2,729 3.062 3,178 3.507 4.133 2.221' 2.038 2 56I 2.527
- Nhdng nhu ciiu Ii6n quan tdi con cai duac thanh nien danh gia dai duac d mdc tha'p nha't Cu the: Cd that nhidu con (DTB = 3,09); cd con lr;ii (DTB = 4,61)
Ke't qua nay cho tha'y, de xay dung va gifl gin hanh phiic gia dinh, Ihanh nien cac dan ldc thie'u sd vung Tay Nam Bd da nd luc thtrc hien va dai duoc nhiing mong mud'n cua minh (mong mud'n nao trpi han thi muc dat dupc nhirng mong mud'n ay ciing trdi han so nhflng mong mud'n khiic)
So tdnh lin'lc dqt diipc nhu cdu cita llianlt nien cdc ddn lpc ihtcii sd vimg Tdy Nam Bp theo cdc lieu (hi
Su khac biei mdc diti duac nhu ciiu ciia thanh nien cac dan tdc Iheo cac ti6u chi cd thd Ihay nhung net ndi bat the hien d bang 5