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GIẢI CHI TIẾT CAMBRIDGE IELTS 9 1

GIẢI CHI TIẾT CAMBRIDGE IELTS 9

Biên soạn: Giáo viên IELTS Fighter

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Hướng dẫn sử dụng tài liệu hiệu quả:

Cambridge IELTS là bộ tài liệu đề thi gần sát với đề thi thật do chính tổ chức Cambridge (tổ chức sáng lập kỳ thi IELTS phát hành) Chính vì vậy mà đây là nguồn tham khảo và luyện tập

vô cùng hiệu quả

Tuy nhiên, do thiếu phần hướng dẫn và giải chi tiết nên các học viên khi sử dụng bộ tài liệu này cảm thấy kho khẳn hơn Thấu hiểu điều đó mà tập thể giáo viên tại IELTS Fighter cả Hà Nội và

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Để sử dụng bộ tài liệu hiệu quả các em cần:

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Nếu các em chưa đến ngày thi (còn lớn hơn 1 tháng) thì không nên sử dụng đề thi để luyện mà các em nên sử dụng đề để xem mình yếu phần nào, hổng ở đâu và học tập nhé!

Các em có thể làm 1 đề và kiểm tra trình độ bản thân, sau một thời gian làm lại xem thử sự tiến

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1 Bộ tài liệu có sử dụng các nguồn tham khảo khác nhau để giúp tài liệu tốt hơn nhé các em!

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GIẢI CHI TIẾT CAMBRIDGE IELTS 9 4

TEST 1

READING

Reading Passage 1

William Henry Perkin

The man who invented synthetic dyes

William Henry Perkin was born on March 12,1838, in London, England As a boy, Perkin’s curiosity prompted early interests in the arts, sciences, photography, and engineering But it was a chance stumbling upon a run-down, yet functional, laboratory

in his late grandfather’s home that solidified the young man’s enthusiasm for chemistry

As a student at the City of London School, Perkin became immersed in the study of chemistry His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution Those speeches fired the young chemist’s enthusiasm further, and he later went on to attend the Royal College of Chemistry, which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15

At the time of Perkin’s enrolment, the Royal College of Chemistry was headed by the noted German chemist August Wilhelm Hofmann Perkin’s scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann’s attention and, within two years, he became Hofmann’s youngest assistant Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune

At the time, quinine was the only viable medical treatment for malaria The drug is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America, and by 1856 demand for the drug was surpassing the available supply Thus, when Hofmann made some passing comments about the desirability of a synthetic substitute for quinine, it was unsurprising that his star pupil was moved to take up the challenge

During his vacation in 1856, Perkin spent his time in the laboratory on the top floor of his family’s house He was attempting to manufacture quinine from aniline, an inexpensive and readily available coal tar waste product Despite his best efforts, however, he did not end up with quinine Instead, he produced a mysterious dark sludge Luckily, Perkin’s scientific training and nature prompted him to investigate the substance further Incorporating potassium dichromate and alcohol into the aniline at various stages of the experimental process, he finally produced a deep purple solution

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And, proving the truth of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur ’s words ‘chance favours only the prepared mind’, Perkin saw the potential of his unexpected find

Historically, textile dyes were made from such natural sources as plants and animal excretions Some of these, such as the glandular mucus of snails, were difficult to obtain and outrageously expensive Indeed, the purple colour extracted from a snail was once

so costly that in society at the time only the rich could afford it Further, natural dyes tended to be muddy in hue and fade quickly It was against this backdrop that Perkin’s discovery was made

Perkin quickly grasped that his purple solution could be used to colour fabric, thus making it the world’s first synthetic dye Realising the importance of this breakthrough,

he lost no time in patenting it But perhaps the most fascinating of all Perkin’s reactions

to his find was his nearly instant recognition that the new dye had commercial possibilities

Perkin originally named his dye Tyrian Purple, but it later became commonly known as mauve (from the French for the plant used to make the colour violet) He asked advice

of Scottish dye works owner Robert Pullar, who assured him that manufacturing the dye would be well worth it if the colour remained fast (i.e would not fade) and the cost was relatively low So, over the fierce objections of his mentor Hofmann, he left college

to give birth to the modern chemical industry

With the help of his father and brother, Perkin set up a factory not far from London Utilising the cheap and plentiful coal tar that was an almost unlimited by product of London’s gas street lighting, the dye works began producing the world’s first synthetically dyed material in 1857 The company received a commercial boost from the Empress Eugenie of France , when she decided the new colour flattered her Very soon, mauve was the necessary shade for all the fashionable ladies in that country Not

to be outdone, England’s Queen Victoria also appeared in public wearing a mauve gown, thus making it all the rage in England as well The dye was bold and fast, and the public clamoured for more Perkin went back to the drawing board

Although Perkin’s fame was achieved and fortune assured by his first discovery, the chemist continued his research Among other dyes he developed and introduced were aniline red (1859) and aniline black (1863) and, in the late 1860s, Perkin’s green It is important to note that Perkin’s synthetic dye discoveries had outcomes far beyond the merely decorative The dyes also became vital to medical research in many ways For instance, they were used to stain previously invisible microbes and bacteria, allowing researchers to identify such bacilli as tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax Artificial dyes continue to play a crucial role today And, in what would have been particularly pleasing

to Perkin, their current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria

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Question 1-7

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1 Michael Faraday was the first person to recognise Perkin’s ability as a student of chemistry

2 Michael Faraday suggested Perkin should enrol in the Royal College of Chemistry

3 Perkin employed August Wilhelm Hofmann as his assistant

4 Perkin was still young when he made the discovery that made him rich and famous

5 The trees from which quinine is derived grow only in South America

6 Perkin hoped to manufacture a drug from a coal tar waste product

7 Perkin was inspired by the discoveries of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur

GỢI Ý CHỮA ĐỀ:

1 Michael Faraday was the

first person to recognise

Perkin’s ability as a student

of chemistry

=> từ khóa quan trọng là

“first” và “recognise”

F His talent and devotion to the subject were

perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who

encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution

=> Người đầu tiên nhận ra khả năng của Perkin là Thomas Hall, không phải Michael Faraday

“perceiced” đồng nghĩa với “recognise”

2 Michael Faraday

Chemistry

NG Không được đưa ra trong bài

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3.Perkin employed August

Wilhelm Hofmann as his

4 Perkin was still young

when he made the

discovery that made him

rich and famous

=> từ khóa là discovery (sự

khám phá), rich (giàu có) và

famous (nổi tiếng)

T Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific

breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune

=> scientific breakthrough: đột phá về khoa học = discovery

fame (n) danh tiếng (danh từ của famous) fortune (n) giàu sang

5 The trees… American NG Không được đưa ra trong bài

6 Perkin hoped to

manufacture a drug from a

coal tar waste product

=> từ khóa là hope (hi vọng)

waste product (sản phẩm

không dùng đến)

T He was attempting to manufacture quinine

from aniline, an inexpensive and readily

available coal tar waste product

=> attempt to do sth (v) cố gắng, nỗ lực làm

gì

7 Perkin was ….Pasteur NG Không được đưa ra trong bài

Questions 8-13

Answer the questions below

Ch oose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer

8 Before Perkin’s discovery, with what group in society was the colour purple

associated?

9 What potential did Perkin immediately understand that his new dye had?

10 What was the name finally used to refer to the first colour Perkin invented?

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11 What was the name of the person Perkin consulted before setting up his own dye

works?

12 In what country did Perkin’s newly invented colour first become fashionable?

13 According to the passage, which disease is now being targeted by researchers using

synthetic dyes?

8.Before Perkin’s

discovery, with what

group in society was the

colour purple associated?

the rich the purple colour extracted from a

snail was once so costly that in

society at the time only the rich

could afford it

=> the rich: người giàu

9 What potential did

Perkin immediately

understand that his new

dye had?

commercial (possibilities)

his nearly instant recognition that the new dye had commercial possibilities

=> posibilities (n) khả năng = potential (n) (adj)

10 What was the name

finally used to refer to the

first colour Perkin

invented?

mauve Perkin originally named his dye

Tyrian Purple, but it later became commonly known as mauve

=> name (v) được đặt tên (n) cái tên

11 What was the name of

the person Perkin

consulted before setting

up his own dye works?

Robert Pullar He asked advice of Scottish dye

works owner Robert Pullar

=> advice (n) lời khuyên, đồng nghĩa với consult (v) tư vấn, đưa ra lời khuyên

12 In what country did

Perkin’s newly invented

colour first become

fashionable?

a commercial boost from the

Empress Eugenie of France

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=> commercal boost: cú hích mang tính thương mạng, đồng nghĩa với fashionable (adj) trở thành trào lưu

13 According to the

passage, which disease is

now being targeted by

researchers using

synthetic dyes?

malaria their current use is in the search for

a vaccine against malaria

=> current (adj) hiện hành, tương đương nghĩa với cụm now being

Reading Passage 2

IS THERE ANYBODY OUT THERE

The Search for Extra-terrestrial Intelligence

The question of whether we are alone in the Universe has haunted humanity for centuries, but

we may now stand poised on the brink of the answer to that question, as we search for radio signals from other intelligent civilisations This search, often known by the acronym SETI (search for extra-terrestrial intelligence], is a difficult one Although groups around the world have been searching intermittently for three decades, it is only now that we have reached the level of technology where we can make a determined attempt to search all nearby stars for any sign of life

A - Reasons for the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence

The primary reason for the search is basic curiosity - the same curiosity about the natural world that drives all pure science We want to know whether we are alone in the Universe We want to know whether life evolves naturally if given the right conditions,

or whether there is something very special about the Earth to have fostered the variety

of life forms that we see around us on the planet The simple detection of a radio signal will be sufficient to answer this most basic of all questions In this sense, SETI is another cog in the machinery of pure science which is continually pushing out the horizon of our knowledge However, there are other reasons for being interested in whether life exists elsewhere For example, we have had civilisation on Earth for perhaps only a few thousand years, and the threats of nuclear war and pollution over the last few decades have told us that our survival may be tenuous Will we last another two thousand years

or will we wipe ourselves out? Since the lifetime of a planet like ours is several billion years , we can expect that, if other civilisations do survive in our galaxy, their ages will

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range from zero to several billion years Thus any other civilisation that we hear from is likely to be far older, on average, than ourselves The mere existence of such a civilisation will tell us that long-term survival is possible, and gives us some cause for optimism It is even possible that the older civilisation may pass on the benefits of their experience in dealing with threats to survival such as nuclear war and global pollution, and other threats that we haven’t yet discovered

B - Assumptions underlying the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence

In discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules First, UFQs (Unidentified Flying Objects) are generally ignored since most scientists don’t consider the evidence for them to be strong enough to bear serious consideration (although it is also important to keep an open mind in case any really convincing evidence emerges in the future) Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it In other words, the life form we are looking for may well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in that it should communicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our Sun, and perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon and water

C - Likelihood of life on other planets

Even when we make these assumptions, our understanding of other life forms is still severely limited We do not even know, for example, how many stars have planets, and

we certainly do not know how likely it is that life will arise naturally, given the right conditions However, when we look at the 100 billion stars in our galaxy (the Milky Way), and 100 billion galaxies in the observable Universe, it seems inconceivable that at least one of these planets does not have a life form on it; in fact, the best educated guess

we can make, using the little that we do know about the conditions for carbon-based life, leads us to estimate that perhaps one in 100,000 stars might have a life-bearing planet orbiting it That means that our nearest neighbours are perhaps 100 light years away, which is almost next door in astronomical terms

D - Seeking the transmission of radio signals from planets

An alien civilisation could choose many different ways of sending information across the galaxy, but many of these either require too much energy, or else are severely attenuated while traversing the vast distances across the galaxy It turns out that, for a given amount of transmitted power, radio waves in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz travel the greatest distance, and so all searches to date have concentrated on looking for radio waves in this frequency range So far there have been a number of searches by various groups around the world , including Australian searches using the radio telescope at Parkes, New South Wales Until now there have not been any detections from the few hundred stars which have been searched The scale of the searches has been increased dramatically since 1992, when the US Congress voted NASA $10 million per year for ten years to conduct a thorough search for extra-terrestrial life Much of the money in this project is being spent on developing the special

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hardware needed to search many frequencies at once The project has two parts One part is a targeted search using the world’s largest radio telescopes, the American-operated telescope in Arecibo, Puerto Rico and the French telescope in Nancy in France This part of the project is searching the nearest 1000 likely stars with high sensitivity for signals in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz The other part of the project is an undirected search which is monitoring all of space with a lower sensitivity, using the smaller antennas of NASA’s Deep Space Network

E - Appropriate responses to signals from other civilisations

There is considerable debate over how we should react if we detect a signal from an alien civilisation Everybody agrees that we should not reply immediately Quite apart from the impracticality of sending a reply over such large distances at short notice, it raises a host of ethical questions that would have to be addressed by the global community before any reply could be sent Would the human race face the culture shock if faced with a superior and much older civilisation? Luckily, there is no urgency about this The stars being searched are hundreds of light years away, so it takes hundreds of years for their signal to reach us, and a further few hundred years for our reply to reach them It’s not important, then, if there’s a delay of a few years, or decades, while the human race debates the question of whether to reply, and perhaps carefully drafts a reply

Questions 14-17

Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E from the list of headings below

Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet

List of Headings

i Seeking the transmission of radio signals from planets

ii Appropriate responses to signals from other civilisations iii Vast distances to Earth’s closest neighbours

iv Assumptions underlying the search for extra-terrestrial

intelligence

v Reasons for the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence

vi Knowledge of extra-terrestrial life forms vii Likelihood of life on other planets

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iv Assumptions underlying

the search for terrestrial intelligence

extra-In discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground

perhaps one in 100,000 stars might

have a life-bearing planet orbiting it

=> perhaps (có thể) tương đương với likelihood (khả năng xảy ra)

life-bearing (cuộc sống) đồng nghĩa với life

16 Paragraph

D

i Seeking the transmission of

radio signals from planets

It turns out that, for a given amount of

transmitted power, radio waves in the

frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz travel the greatest distance, and so all searches to date have concentrated

on looking for radio waves in this frequency range

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=> radio waves (sóng radio) = radio signals (sóng radio)

17 Paragraph

E

ii Appropriate responses to

signals from other civilisations

There is considerable debate over how we should react if we detect a

signal from an alien civilisation Everybody agrees that we should not

reply immediately

=> should not reply immediately có nghĩa “không nên đáp lại ngay lập tức” đồng nghĩa với appropriate response (đáp lại thích hợp)

Questions 21-26

Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?

YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer

NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer

NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

21 Alien civilisations may be able to help the human race to overcome serious problems

22 SETI scientists are trying to find a life form that resembles humans in many ways

23 The Americans and Australians have co-operated on joint research projects

24 So far SETI scientists have picked up radio signals from several stars

25 The NASA project attracted criticism from some members of Congress

26 If a signal from outer space is received, it will be important to respond promptly

GỢI Ý TRẢ LỜI:

án

Giải thích

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Yes It is even possible that the older civilisation may

pass on the benefits of their experience in dealing

with threats to survival such as nuclear war and

global pollution, and other threats that we haven’t yet discovered

=> dealing with threats (giải quyết các khó khăn) cùng nghĩa với overcome serious problem (vượt qua các vấn đề nghiêm trọng)

22 SETI scientists are

trying to find a life form

that resembles humans

in many ways

YES we make a very conservative assumption that we

are looking for a life form that is pretty well like

us => looking for (v) tìm kiếm cùng nghĩa với find (v) tìm kiếm

23 The Americans and

Australians have

co-operated on joint

research projects

NOT GIVEN

Không đề cập trong bài

24 So far SETI scientists

have picked up radio

signals from several

stars

NO Until now there have not been any detections

from the few hundred stars which have been

searched

=> từ các từ khóa được in đậm, có thể rút ra rằng

“không có bất kì sóng radio nào từ ngôi sao được tìm thấy gần đây” Điều này ngược nghĩa với câu

24 được đưa ra “Gần đây, các nhà khoa học SETI

đã tìm ra được các sóng radio từ vài ngôi sao”

25 The NASA project

attracted criticism from

some members of

Congress

NOT GIVEN

26 If a signal from outer

space is received, it will

be important to

respond promptly

NO It’s not important, then, if there’s a delay of a few

years, or decades, while the human race debates

the question of whether to reply, and perhaps

carefully drafts a reply

=> Trong câu 26, cho rằng, bất kể khi nào 1 sóng

âm được phát hiện, cần thiết (quan trọng) phải đáp trả lại sóng ấy 1 cách nhanh chóng Suy ra,

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điều này ngược nghĩa hoàn toàn với nội dung trong bài, đó là phải trả lời “carefully”, và việc trả lời ngay là không quan trọng “not important”

Reading passage 3

The history of the tortoise

If you go back far enough, everything lived in the sea At various points in evolutionary history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes even to the most parched deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular fluids In addition to the reptiles, birds, mammals and insects which we see all around us, other groups that have succeeded out of water include scorpions, snails, crustaceans such as woodlice and land crabs, millipedes and centipedes, spiders and various worms And we mustn’t forget the plants , without whose prior invasion of the land none of the other migrations could have happened

Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every aspect of life, including breathing and reproduction Nevertheless, a good number of thoroughgoing land animals later turned around, abandoned their hard-earned terrestrial re-tooling, and returned to the water again Seals have only gone part way back They show us what the intermediates might have been like, on the way to extreme cases such as whales and dugongs Whales (including the small whales we call dolphins) and dugongs, with their close cousins the manatees, ceased to be land creatures altogether and reverted

to the full marine habits of their remote ancestors They don’t even come ashore to breed They do, however, still breathe air, having never developed anything equivalent

to the gills of their earlier marine incarnation Turtles went back to the sea a very long time ago and, like all vertebrate returnees to the water, they breathe air However, they are, in one respect, less fully given back to the water than whales or dugongs, for turtles still lay their eggs on beaches

There is evidence that all modem turtles are descended from a terrestrial ancestor which lived before most of the dinosaurs There are two key fossils called Proganochelys quenstedti and Palaeochersis talampayensis dating from early dinosaur times, which appear to be close to the ancestry of all modem turtles and tortoises You might wonder how we can tell whether fossil animals lived on land or in water, especially

if only fragments are found Sometimes it’s obvious Ichthyosaurs were reptilian contemporaries of the dinosaurs, with fins and streamlined bodies The fossils look like dolphins and they surely lived like dolphins, in the water With turtles it is a little less obvious One way to tell is by measuring the bones of their forelimbs

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Walter Joyce and Jacques Gauthier, at Yale University, obtained three measurements

in these particular bones of 71 species of living turtles and tortoises They used a kind

of triangular graph paper to plot the three measurements against one another All the land tortoise species formed a tight cluster of points in the upper part of the triangle; all the water turtles cluster in the lower part of the triangular graph There was no overlap, except when they added some species that spend time both in water and on land Sure enough, these amphibious species show up on the triangular graph approximately half way between the ‘wet cluster’ of sea turtles and the ‘dry cluster’ of land tortoises The next step was to determine where the fossils fell The bones of P quenstedti and JR talampayensis leave us in no doubt Their points on the graph are right in the thick of the dry cluster Both these fossils were dry-land tortoises They come from the era before our turtles returned to the water

You might think, therefore, that modem land tortoises have probably stayed on land ever since those early terrestrial times, as most mammals did after a few of them went back to the sea But apparently not If you draw out the family tree of all modem turtles and tortoises, nearly all the branches are aquatic Today’s land tortoises constitute a single branch, deeply nested among branches consisting of aquatic turtles This suggests that modem land tortoises have not stayed on land continuously since the time of P quenstedti and P talampayensis Rather, their ancestors were among those who went back to the water, and they then re-emerged back onto the land in (relatively) more recent times

Tortoises therefore represent a remarkable double return In common with all mammals, reptiles and birds, their remote ancestors were marine fish and before that various more or less worm-like creatures stretching back, still in the sea, to the primeval bacteria Later ancestors lived on land and stayed there for a very large number of generations Later ancestors still evolved back into the water and became sea turtles And finally they returned yet again to the land as tortoises, some of which now live in the driest of deserts

Questions 27-30

Answer the questions below

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer

27 What had to transfer from sea to land before any animals could migrate?

28 Which TWO processes are mentioned as those in which animals had to make big

changes as they moved onto land?

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29 Which physical feature, possessed by their ancestors, do whales lack?

30 Which animals might ichthyosaurs have resembled?

27 What had to transfer

from sea to land

before any animals

could migrate?

plants And we mustn’t forget the plants ,

without whose prior invasion of the land none of the other migrations could

have happened

=> câu đầu tiền đã nói rất rõ ràng rằng

“không có sự di cư của thực vật, động vật không thể di cư trở vào bờ” “Transfer from sea to land” trong câu hỏi tương ứng với “invarion of land”, “before” tương ứng với “prior”

28 Which TWO processes

are mentioned as those

in which animals had to

make big changes as

they moved onto land?

breathing and reproduction

Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every aspect of life,

including breathing and reproduction

=> trong văn bản gốc, “moving from water to land” tương đương với “moved onto land” trong câu hỏi, “big chances” tương đương với “major redesign”

29 Which physical feature,

possessed by their

ancestors, do whales

lack?

gills They do, however, still breathe air,

having never developed anything equivalent to the gills of their earlier marine incarnation

=> “ancestors” tương đương với “earlier marine incarnation”

30 Which animals might

ichthyosaurs have

resembled?

(the) dolphins The fossils look likedolphins

=> “resemble” tương đương với “look like”

Trang 18

Questions 31-33

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

31 Turtles were among the first group of animals to migrate back to the sea

32 It is always difficult to determine where an animal lived when its fossilised remains are incomplete

33 The habitat of ichthyosaurs can be determined by the appearance of their fossilised remains

31 Turtles were among the

first group of animals to

migrate back to the sea

NOT GIVEN

32 It is always difficult to

determine where an

animal lived when its

fossilised remains are

incomplete

FALSE You might wonder how we can tell

whether fossil animals lived on land or in water, especially if only fragments are found

=> Văn bản gốc nói rằng “chúng ta có thể biết động vật đã sống trên đất liền hay dưới biển, kể cả khi chỉ có vài mảnh vụn hóa thạch nhỏ được tìm thấy Suy ra, câu 32 sai

vì nó cho rằng “rất khó để xác định nơi động vật sinh sống khi mà hóa thạch không còn nguyên vẹn”

TRUE

Trang 19

Ichthyosaurs were reptilian contemporaries

of the dinosaurs,….The fossils look like dolphins and they surely lived like dolphins,

in the water

=> văn bản gốc chỉ ra rằng “hóa thạch của Ichthyosaurs trông giống với của cá heo, và chắc chắn rằng Ichthysaurs cũng sống dưới nước giống cá heo” Câu này có hàm nghĩa tương đương với câu 33 rằng “môi trường sống của ichthyosaurs có thể được xác định bởi các hóa thạch còn sót lại”

Questions 34-39

Complete the flow-chart below

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for

each answer

Method of determining where the ancestors of

turtles and tortoises come from

Sea turtles were grouped together in the bottom part

↓

Step 3

Trang 20

The same data was collected from some living 37………… species and added to the other results

Outcome: The points for these species turned out to be positioned about 38 up the triangle between the land tortoises and the sea turtles

↓Step 4

Bones of P quenstedti and P talampayensis were examined in a similar way and the results added

Outcome: The position of the points indicated that both these ancient creatures were 39…………

34 71 species of living

turtles and tortoises were

examined and a total

of………… were taken

from the bones of their

forelimbs

three measurements

obtained three measurements in these

particular bones of 71 species of living turtles and tortoises

=> văn bản gốc “obtained” (đạt được) tương đương nghĩa với “to be taken from” (được lấy từ)

35 The data was recorded

on a…………

triangular graph They used a kind of triangular

graphpaper to plot the three measurements against one another

=> văn bản gốc dùng thể chủ động để nói về việc plot (đánh dấu, vẽ biểu đồ) cho three measurements, tương đương nghĩa với câu 35 ở thể bị động “data was recorded” (dữ liệu được lưu lại, giữ lại)

36 Land tortoise were

represented by a dense of

………… points towards

to top

cluster All the land tortoise species formed a

tightcluster of points in the upper part

of the triangle;

=> văn bản gốc có từ “tight” tương đương nghĩa với “dense” (dày đặc, chặt

Trang 21

chẽ) Và “upper part” cùng nghĩa với

“towards to top” để nói về vị trí của

“points” được tìm ra là ở bên trên/phía trên một tam giác

37 The same data were

collected from some living

………… species and

added to the other results

amphibious There was no overlap, except

when they added some species that

spend time both in water and on

enough, these amphibious species

show up on the triangular graph approximately half way between the ‘wet cluster’ of sea turtles and the

‘dry cluster’ of land tortoises

=> amphibious là tính từ duy nhất bổ nghĩa cho species Ngoài ra có thể liên kết các ý từ các câu trước đó để đưa ra được đáp án

38 The points for the

species turned out to be

positioned about …………

up the triangle between the

land turtoises and the sea

‘dry cluster’ of land tortoises

=> cấu trúc “between –and” trong văn bản gốc và câu 38 tương tự nhau

39 The postitions of the

points indicated that both

these ancient creature

were

dry-land tortoise

The bones of P quenstedti and

JR talampayensis…… Both these

fossils were dry-land tortoises

=> cần 1 danh từ điền vào chỗ trống, nhận thấy “fossils” tương đương nghĩa với “ancient creatures”, đều nói về động vật không còn tồn tại nữa

Question 40

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D

According to the writer, the most significant thing about tortoises is that

Trang 22

A they are able to adapt to life in extremely dry environments

B their original life form was a kind of primeval bacteria

C. they have so much in common with sea turtles

D. they have made the transition from sea to land more than once

40 According to the writer, the

most significant thing about

tortoises is that (Theo tác giả, điều

quan trọng nhất khi nói về rùa là?)

A they are able to adapt to life in

extremely dry environments

(chúng có khả năng thích nghi

trong môi trường khô hạn)

B their original life form was a kind

of primeval bacteria (dạng sống

căn bản của nó là từ 1 loại vi

khuẩn sơ khai)

C they have so much in common

with sea turtles (chúng không có

nhiều điểm giống nhau với rùa

biển)

D they have made the transition

from sea to land more than once

(chúng di chuyển từ biển vào đất

liền hơn 1 lần)

D Tortoises therefore represent

a remarkable double return

=> từ “double return” có nghĩa quay lại 2 lần, tương đương với câu “more than once” trong câu D

Trang 23

WRITING

Writing Task 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task

The two maps below show an island, before and after the construction of some tourist facil ities

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make compar isons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words

Trang 24

GỢI Ý LÀM BÀI:

Đề bài dạng process và map là dạng đề hiếm xuất hiện trong IELTS Writing Các thí sinh thường hay lợ khi gặp phải dạng đề này Khi gặp đề này, các thí sinh làm theo 2 bước, đầu tiên, tìm ra thứ tự của các định hướng của bản đồ, theo sau bổ sung các thông tin cần thiết để so sánh, Thí sinh không cần quá quan tâm đến các số liệu về thời gian

GỢI Ý BÀI MẪU:

The two drawings illustrate the changes of the same island before and after the

construction of some transport and service buildings

It is clear that before development, the horizontal island which is about 260 meters long

has a Few trees on both east and west sides Furthermore, on the west edge, a small beach is located for tourism in the future

The layout changes tremendously after buildings are constructed in almost the whole

island The trees on the east side are kept for the natural view

However, the west trees are surrounded by some accommodation houses, with a

footpath linked to the beach where a swimming zone is closely connected, Next to the western accommodation, there is a reception building around which a vehicle track road heading to the south pier for tourist sailing is just paved On the opposite side of the pier,

a restaurant stands at the north side near the seashore The center of, the island is also

designed to supply housing for tourists

In sum, comparing the two drawings,tremendous developments have been evident.These

developments make the whole island crowded with modern facilities, which may cause

damages to the environment

PHÂN TÍCH BÀI MẪU:

Bài mẫu được viết theo 4 phần:

 Phần đầu tiên giới thiệu biểu đồ để thể hiện những thông tin chung

 Đoạn thứ hai đưa ra các thông tin nổi bật

 Đoạn thứ ba mô tả chi tiết

 Đoạn cuối cùng nêu lại những đặc điểm chung (tổng quan) để tóm tắt, đưa thêm

ý kiến cá nhân về môi trường trên đảo

TỪ VỰNG NỔI BẬT:

Trang 25

construction (n) công trình xây dựng

horizontal (adj) đường ngang, nằm ngang

tremendously (adv) một cách đồ sộ, to lớn

accommodation (n) tiện nghi

crowded with (adj) đông đúc

MẪU CÂU NỔI BẬT:

1 The two drawings illustrate the changes of the same island before and after the construction of some transport and service buildings

2 However, the west trees are surrounded by some accommodation houses, with a footpath linked to the beach where a swimming zone is closely connected

Writing Task 2

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task

Write at least 250 words

Write about the following topic:

Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a forei

gn language at primary school rather than secondary school

Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience

GỢI Ý LÀM BÀI:

Trang 26

Đề thi thời gian gần đây, rất hay xuất hiện đề bài yêu cầu nêu ưu điêm và khuyết điểm của một vấn đề, và tranh luận về vấn đề đó Nhìn từ đề bài, có cụm “Do the advantages

of this outweight the disadvantages”, có thể nhận ra được rằng “learning a foreign languageat primary school” có lợi thế hơn “ from secondary school” Ngoài r, từ “rather than” cũng hàm ý sự thiên vị về vế đầu tiên của đề bài

GỢI Ý BÀI MẪU:

Most parents and teachers believe that kids should start language learning in their middleschools However, some elementary schools also provide foreign language learning as a test in educational field Obviously, it contains positive as well as negative influence

Lingual skills from primary education are always based on the great interests kid's obtained in expressing their feelings The strong motivation helps students acquire language with ease and fun, and then their unshaped mother language will also remove the barrier between one language and another More importantly, without exerted pressing stress from tests and exams, students may devote themselves to language itself but nothing else

However, the primary education for language learning is not as perfect as it sounds The overly flexible timetable for language learning will never ensure that children have mastered some key features of lingual skills Compared with that, secondary school will supply more professional lessons with accurate teaching from which children can benefit

a lot However, if so, this activity will entirely ruin the interests of language learning for kids, which shift their flexible foreign language interests into the forced and test-oriented study all the time Thus, this should never be put into practice for a better result until secondary schools Obviously, primary school should also make some revolutionary changes for a better lingual atmosphere to cater to kids' interests

In sum, all the contributions made to optimize language learning will benefit both individuals as well as the community, culturally and traditionally, so the adjustments in primary education will be the key to solve this educational problem

PHÂN TÍCH BÀI MẪU:

Bài viết này được chia thành bốn phần tương ứng như sau:

 Đoạn đầu tiên nhắc lại đề bài và 2 đối tượng đang được so sánh

 Đoạn thứ hai: phân tích các lợi ích của việc học ngoại ngữ từ tiểu học, và tác động của nó

Trang 27

 Đoạn thứ b: đưa ra các nhược điểm còn tồn tại của việc học ngoại ngữ từ tiểu học

 Cuối cùng: tóm tắt lại và đề xuất suggestion

unshaped (adj) không theo khuôn mẫu

flexible (adj) linh hoạt

timetable (n) thời gian biểu

test-orientation (n) định hướng học để thi

revolutionary (n) mang tính cách mạng

optimize (v) lạc quan

adjustment (n) sự điều chỉnh

MẪU CÂU NỔI BẬT:

1 Lingual skills from primary education are always based on the great interests kid's obtained in expressing their feelings

2 However, if so, this activity will entirely nun the interests of language learning for kids which shift their flexible foreign language interests into the forced and test-oriented study all the time

Trang 28

• What games are popular in your country? [Why?]

• Do you play any games? [Why/Why not?]

• How do people learn to play games in your country?

• Do you think it’s important for people to play games? [Why/Why not?]

Câu hỏi 1: What games are popular in your country? [Why?]

Lo ại trò chơi nào phổ biến ở nước bạn ? [Tại sao]

Chủ đề “Game” là 1 chủ đề rất hay xuất hiện trong các bài thi Speaking, đặc biệt ở Part

1 Gần đây, trong Part 2, chủ đề “game” cũng đã được sử dụng, khi đó giám khảo sẽ yêu cầu “Describe a game you played a lot in childhood”( mô tả một trò chơi hồi nhỏ bạn hay chơi )

Khi trả lời câu hỏi “What games are popular in your country?”, hãy nói về 1 trò chơi

cụ thể, và đưa ra giải thích, mô tả về trò chơi đó trong câu trả lời

Câu trả lời mẫu 1

It varies For our young generation, there is only one name for games that we are crazy

about, which is the computer games, either single-user version or concurrent version

For the elder generation, like my grandpa, they have a lot of folk games to play, such as

shuttlecock, and jumping rope As for the reason why such kind of situation appears,

personally I think it has much to do with the changes of times and technology

I would say the most popular game is Plants Vs Zombies When it comes to the reason

of popularity, I would like to summarize the following two points: firstly, this game is easy

to learn; secondly, through conquering the zombies in the game, people can obtain a sense of satisfaction, which is urgently needed to push people forward

Trang 29

Từ vựng nổi bật:

crazy about sth (adj) yêu thích điên cuồng 1 cái gì đấy

concurrent version (n) phiên bản hiện hành

adventure games (n) game phiêu lưu

racing games (n) game tốc độ

single-user version (n) phiên bản 1 người chơi

role-playing games (n) game nhập vai

folk game (n) trò chơi dân gian

shuttlecock (n) game đá cầu

Câu hỏi 2: Do you play any games? [Why/Why not?]

B ạn có chơi trò chơi nào không? Tại sao có/Tại sao không?

Khi gặp câu hỏi này, cách tốt nhất là trả lời trực tiếp việc mình có hay không chơi trò chơi Có thể nói qua về trò chơi, mô tả về cảm nhận của cá nhân khi chơi game đó, có những gì khiến mình ưa thích/những khó khăn khi chơi game Tức chúng ta nói về các

sự ảnh hưởng của trò chơi đó về mặt tinh thần và thể chất

Before I give you my answer, I have to remind you that I'm a super game player Of

course I play games and played a great number of diversified ones When I moved on the dancing blanket, I enjoyed the feeling of dancing to the music; When I played the Megga

Jump, I couldn't help overcoming all the obstacles to win success All these games not

only help me relax but also benefit me with the ambition to succeed

Unfortunately, I didn't have enough time to play games, since I have to prepare for my prospective oversea study I'm busy with participating different examinations and

applying for passport and so on If I had sufficient time, I would like to take a try

I play games but in moderation I just see them as an adjustment method in that they

can shift my attention from the endless and boring work for a while By playing games, I can work more efficiently

Từ vựng nổi bật

Trang 30

super game player (n) người chơi giỏi

unfortunately (adv) không may

overcome all the obstacle vượt qua mọi chướng ngại vật

be busy with doing sth bận bịu với việc gì/làm gì

In moderation điều đồ, tiết chế

Câu hỏi 3: How do people learn to play games in your country?

Ở đất nước bạn, mọi người làm cách nào tìm hiểu cách chơi các trò chơi?

Đây là dạng câu hỏi mở, thí sinh có thể trả lời dựa trên hiểu biết của mình Cần lưu ý câu hỏi tập trung vào cách thức người chơi tiếp cận và phương pháp để học chơi các trò chơi,

vì thế, khi trả lời, thí sinh có thể tưởng tượng rằng chính mình đang tìm cách tiếp cận 1 trò chơi, giúp cho bài nói chân thực hơn

Traditional games were quite simple and easy to learn With the development of society,

one huge difference nowadays is that we are obsessed with high-tech computer games Referring to how to learn it, it's pretty convenient to find breakthrough on the Internet for

player They are experts of Counter-Strike and War Craft without devoting too much time

to learning the game skills

The majority of people learn to play games during their school time However, people also

can take part in various sports and game clubs if they prefer to play more

We now live in the information age It's a piece of cake for us to explore the skills

concerning playing games Confronting with these confusions, the majority turn to the Internet for help Through surfing the Internet, not only can people acquire the method of playing, but they can also communicate with other garners to promote the level

be obsessed with sth ám ảnh với cái gì

Counter-strike tên một trò chơi đấu súng

breakthrough (n) vượt qua

a piece of cake chuyện đơn giản, việc dễ dàng

Trang 31

Câu hỏi 4: Do you think it’s important for people to play games? [Why/Why not?]

Bạn có nghĩ rằng chơi các trò chơi là việc quan trọng/nên làm không? [Tại sao?] Câu trả lời cho câu hỏi này thường là ĐỒNG Ý Thí sinh có thể về những lợi ích của game

từ nhiều góc độ ảnh hưởng Ví dụ, khi chơi trò chơi, có thể rèn luyện về tâm lý, giúp người chơi thư giãn, tránh áp lực Ngoài ra, có thể nói về những trò chơi mà mình đang chơi và đưa ra ưu điểm của nó mà bản thân nhận thấy (Đưa ra câu trả lời có giải thích và ví dụ luôn được đánh giá cao)

Absolutely, games are of utmost importance for people We can benefit both physically

and mentally Taking part in some outdoor games can enhance our body flexibility And

more importantly, We can make acquaintances with people whom we meet during the

games which can in turn bring us happiness

So far as I'm concerned, many companies begin to adopt team games while they are

carrying out new staff training On the one hand, team games can help new employees

get familiar with the company culture, value and other co-workers as soon as possible;

on the other hand, via team games, the collective sense of honor has been enhanced

Therefore, I do also believe games are essential

Definitely yes Games are to people what condiment is to diet Without games, our life

will lose some interests and become dull Imagine it, when you go through a tough day surrounded by tired work, when you are out of mood, and even when you don't know how

to kill the time, why not take the game as a weapon to re-energize yourself?

both physically and mentally cả về thể chất và tinh thần

on the one hand … on the other hand về mặt này thì …… mặt khác thì……

so far as I'm concerned như tôi được biết

Games to people what condiment is to diet

make acquaintances with sb/sth

trò chơi cũng giống như gia vị khi ta thêm vào thức ăn

làm quen với

PART 2

Trang 32

Describe an open-air or street market which you enjoyed visiting

You should say:

where the market is

what the market sells

how big the market is

and explain why you enjoyed visiting this market

Bài nói mẫu 1

Speaking of a market, I want to talk about

my favorite open-air market It's situated

in the eastern part of my hometown

Nói thẳng vào vấn đề, đưa ra được vị trí của địa điểm đang mô tả

It's pretty huge Its history goes back all the

way to fifty years ago and it's quite famous

in my hometown Actually, everyone living

in that city can tell you something about

this market The market is made up of

many parts, like the food section, the toy

section and the clothing section A great

number of people go there almost every

day Some of them buy things and some

others just look around Also, lots of

people out of town visit this market They

heard a lot about it and hope to get some

exciting shopping experiences This

market never let them down You know

Đưa ra được mô tả chung Đồng thời, mô

tả chi tiết chi tiết các khu vực bán hàng trong CHỢ Điểm nổi bật của bài nói đó là

mô tả đan xen thói quen sinh hoạt và mua bán của người dân quanh vùng Điều này giúp gây hứng thú nhiều với người nghe

Trang 33

there are tons of stuff and everyone can

find the thing he or she wishes Some

others just enjoy chatting and bargaining

there

Từ vựng nổi bật:

nở nụ cười

Bài nói mẫu 2

My favorite part of this market is the

clothing section in that I can find many

different kinds of clothes, like casual,

formal and sporty clothes there and the

price is always reasonable What's better,

I can always get a discount because it

frequently holds sales promotion Apart

from that, all the salesclerks treat

customers friendly They always wear a

smile on their face, enjoying the

experience of buying or selling things

Bài nói ban đầu mô tả về ưu điểm của CHỢ

This market is totally amazing in that

although it's pretty big, it's very well-run It

is kind of noisy but I guess that's perfectly

for an open-air market Come here, you

can't come wrong

Cuối cùng, thí sinh đưa ra nhận xét chung

Trang 34

SHOPPING AT THE MARKETS

Câu hỏi 1: Do people in your country enjoy going to open-air markets that sell things like

food or clothes or old objects? Which type of market is more popular? Why?

Ở đất nước bạn, mọi người có thích đi chợ ngoài trời để mua đồ ăn, quần áo hay đồ cũ không? Loại hình chợ nào được ưa chuộng? Tại sao?

Các câu hỏi trong Part 3 thường có độ khó cao hơn, thường là các câu mang tính trừu tượng hoặc bao quát Câu hỏi 1 là một ví dụ tiêu biểu Với câu hỏi này, thí sinh phải giải quyết được 3 phần, đưa ra câu trả lời chung, đưa ra lựa chọn và giải thích

Câu trả lời mẫu :

Well … umm … in our country, it is uncommon to find various open-air markets that are regularly seen in western countries Moreover, since four seasons are clearly distinct in

most of the cities: extremely hot in summer while freezing cold in winter, the fact is that

people don't like shopping in an open-air market under such kind of climate, therefore,

majority people prefer to shop malls and supermarkets

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extremely hot vô cùng nóng

freezing cold lạnh cóng

prefer sth to sth yêu thích cái gì hơn cái gì

Câu hỏi 2: Do you think markets are more suitable places for selling certain types of

things? Which ones? Why do you think this is?

B ạn có nghĩ rằng chợ là nơi thích hợp hơn các lựa chọn khác khi mua sắm

không? Chợ phù hợp hơn nơi nào? Tại sao bạn lại nghĩ như vậy?

Thông thường, trong câu trả lời cho những câu hỏi như trên, thí sinh không cần thiết phải đưa ra câu trả lời độc đáo và đặc biệt Trong bài thi nói IELTS, các ý tưởng hay và đặc biệt không quyết định mức điểm cao hay thấp của thí sinh Thay vào đó, việc đưa ra được nhiều ý trong câu trả lời, cách mở rộng và đưa ví dụ lại được đánh giá cao hơn

Câu trả lời mẫu :

I think it is a mixed considering Some products are more suitable for selling at markets,

food and toys And we can't deny the fact that some electrical cargos like television or cell phones sold at street markets are more likely to be counterfeit That's exactly the reason why so many people tend to buy things like electrical items from the supermarket

Câu hỏi 3: Do you think young people feel the same about shopping at markets as older

people? Why is that?

Bạn có nghĩ rằng giới trẻ và người lớn tuổi có cùng quan điểm về việc đi chợ

mua sắm hay không? Tại sao lại thế?

Dạng câu hỏi này khá phổ biến trong phần 3 Thí sinh phải đưa ra quan điểm của bản thân khi trả lời câu hỏi, đồng thời phải giải thích cho quan điểm của mình

Câu trả lời mẫu:

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Well, first I have to say that there are many differences The elderly people are more likely

to shop at the open-air markets They are passionate about buying stuff on sale or bargaining with street vendors for lower prices; while, young people prefer to shop at

shopping mall As for the reason, I guess it is a natural result of the fact that they were born and grew up in different times Elderly people and young guys have totally different moral values Consequently, it is quite understandable

be passionate about (adj) đam mê/ưa thích việc gì

street vendors (n) người bán hàng rong

moral values (n) giá trị đạo đức

Although they seem quite similar, they do share some differences The initial advantage

to buy things from shops is that if it is faulty, then it is possible to return and get your

money back Subsequently, buying from a trustworthy shop means the goods will be

more reliable than the ones you buy from a street market

subsequently (adv) sau đó

trustworthy (adj) tin cậy, tin tưởng

Câu hỏi 2: How does advertising influence what people choose to buy? Is this true for everyone?

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Qu ảng cáo có ảnh hưởng đến việc lựa chọn khi đi mua sắm thế nào? Điều

này có đúng với tất cả mọi người không?

So với các câu hỏi khác trong phần 3, dạng câu hỏi này tương đối dễ trả lời Thí sinh phải

nói được các tác động của quảng cáo tới quyết định mua sắm của người tiêu dùng

There are kinds of advertising in modern society Undoubtedly, promotional

advertisements contain fancy art elements that attract people to keep their eye on

them I think these are fairly influential to enable people to think about the advertised products However, not all forms of advertisements can work out As for me, I will be less likely to consider a product if the advertisements always appear in my spam or messages for its annoying

Câu hỏi 3: Do you think that any recent changes in the way people live have affected

general shopping habits? Why is this ?

Bạn có nghĩ rằng những thay đổi về cách sống trong thời gian gần đây có

tác động đến thói quen mua sắm không? Tại sao ?

Thí sinh cần đưa ra câu trả lời mang tính tích cực, sau đó thí sinh đưa ra các lập luận của mình để chứng minh

I suppose the answer is yes In modern society, there is growing trend towards shopping

on line with the busy lifestyle Therefore, e-commerce has been around for a certain time and it is gradually breaking into traditional markets Many large actual stores have closed

down due to the competition of high street shopper Instead, more and more people find

it cheaper and convenient to purchase on line

e-commerce (n) thương mại điện tử

breaking into (v) thâm nhập

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B

A preliminary study in New Zealand has shown that classroom noise presents a major concern for teachers and pupils Modern teaching practices , the organisation of desks

in the classroom, poor classroom acoustics, and mechanical means of ventilation such

as air-conditioning units all contribute to the number of children unable to comprehend the teacher's voice Education researchers Nelson and Soli have also suggested that recent trends in learning often involve collaborative interaction of multiple minds and tools as much as individual possession of information This all amounts to heightened activity and noise levels, which have the potential to be particularly serious for children experiencing auditory function deficit Noise in classrooms can only exacerbate their difficulty in comprehending and processing verbal communication with other children and instructions from the teacher

C

Children with auditory function deficit are potentially failing to learn to their maximum potential because of noise levels generated in classrooms The effects of noise on the ability of children to learn effectively in typical classroom environments are now the subject of increasing concern The International Institute of Noise Control Engineering (I-INCE), on the advice of the World Health Organization, has established an international working party, which includes New Zealand, to evaluate noise and reverberation control for school rooms

D

While the detrimental effects of noise in classroom situations are not limited to children experiencing disability, those with a disability that affects their processing of speech and verbal communication could be extremely vulnerable The auditory function deficits

in question include hearing impairment, autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit disorders (ADD/ADHD)

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