Crop uptake and extractability of cadmium in soils naturally high in metals at different ph levels

cây trồng hấp thụ và chiết Cd từ trong các vùng đất có nồng độ cao với các giá trị pH khác nhau. xác định ảnh hưởng của Cd đến mức độ Cd đi vào trong cây trồng

Society

Humie-fulvic

SCI

ANAL.,

CROP

UPTAKE

AND

EXTRACTABILITY

CADMIUM

SOILS

NATURALLY

HIGH

METALS

DIFFERENT

LEVELS

Singh!,

Narwal’,

Jeng’,

Almas

Water Sciences, Agricultural

University

Norway,

1432, As-NLH, Norway

Depart

Box

502

ABSTRACT:

greenhouse

experiment

conducted

three years

effect

different

levels

metal concentrations

plants

used were

(Ca) extractability

DTPA

NH,NO,,

(lay loam)

a moraine (loam), which were adjusted

levels

cum aestivum),

carrot (Daucus carota

lettuce

Wheat

(Lactuca sativa) were grown

crops

Crop yields were

affected

increasing

levels

concentration

plant species

easing

soils

three years

Significant

differences between

levels were only seen

wheat

decreased

nickel

(Zn)

carrot crops

Increasing

concentrations

in plants

in the

year crop

copper (Cu) concentration

consistently

affected

soil pH

effect

of pH

more pronounced

in the

moraine then

alum shale

DTPA-and NH,NOy-extractable

increasing

effect was more pronounced

decreased

NH,NO, extractable

Both extractants

were found equally effective

concentration

plants

study,

relation

+ Corresponding

author

Haryana

Agric

Hisar-125004,

Research

(NARB) National

Yundrum-Gambia

hy Mago

SINGH

INTRODUCTION

conditions,

generally

mercury

However,

materia

sedimentary,

shales,

higher

concentration

developed

materials

Bergseth,

showed

Chlopecks

application

commercial

fertilizers

(Mortvedt,

Crisanto

Lorenzo,

(unpublished

Organization

consumption,

southeastem

predominantly

Concentration

a

influencing

concentration

generally decreased

increased

solubility,

ne

established

investigators

concentration

(Bingham

long-term

cultivated

a significant

relationship

NH,NO,-extractable

concentration

in grasses

to absorb

Calton-Smith

accumplated

concentration

spinach>

ryegrass>

objectives

(developed

naturally

in metals,

effectiveness

extractant

determining

availability

MATERIALS

METHODS

a moraine

moraine

subsequent

collected

Jonsberg Agricultural

School

Hedmark

county, southeastern

Norway

overlying

bedrock

air-dried,

ground,

passed through

a 2-mm

to remove

particles

presented

classification

important

properties

1 The experiment

conducted

greenhouse

containing

moraine

a total

volume

greenhouse

experiment,

laboratory

conducted

to adjust

7.5 One

hundred

processed

different amounts

H,SO,

210

28097

Moraine

CACO,as

reqtirement,

incubsted

temperature

temperature

samples

water,

desired

measured

needed

“equired

amounts

respectively

original

planting

experiment

Ca(NO,

Ca(NO,),.4H,O,

Ca(,PO/)„H,O,

respectively

sulphate

source

Na,B,0,1041,0,

(NH,)Mo,0,.4H,O,

‘quired amounts

solution

fertilizers

thoroughl ere

thư

allowed

greenhouse

reaction

(Triticum aestivum),

(Daucus

(Lactuca

harvested

‘lifferent

harvested

maturity

Letuce

harvested

sowing,

Deionized

irigation throughout

experimental

harvesting

cropping

procedure

similar

NH,NO,-extractable

determination

a stainless

LECO-Carbon

CH,COONH,

metho 1991)

DTPA-and NH,NO,-extractable

was determined

per procedure

Synconides

respectively

concentrated HCLHNO,,

Cadmium concentration

determined

absorption spectrophotometer

absorption spectrophotometer

Statistical

"JMP-3.0.2"

a Macintosh computer

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

consistently

440 61 39.30 Gnin

Concentration

Suy

023 ost

0.29119

significant

between

exceptions

Although

concentrati

decreased

differences between

significant

relationship

between

reported

for fodder

Handreck

ryegrass, spinach

beans

SINGH

reduction

concentration

more pronounced

grain

carrot

year

concentration

third

decreased

about

61%,

‘Sipeetvely,

when

raised from

increase

pH

Caused almost

magnitude

reduction

concentration

wheat

straw

magnitude

reduetion

greater

carot leaves

evident

results

DTPA-and

NH.NO,-extractable

increasing

concentration

‘moraine

spits

former

contained

Lower

uptake

plants

assigned

organic carbon contents

higher

‘moraine (Table

‘These

properties

Stealer extent

affect

somption

Singh,

19934;

affect

availa

in

(Chaney

Homick,

another

Narwal

(1994)

tong adsorption

capacity

somption

nearly irreversible

‘against

solution

thatthe

concentration

higher

(Table

Cadmium

mobile

compared

metals

Therefore

TABLE

(1992),

extractable

deprotonation

extractability

extractability

extractants,

exchangeable

exchangeable

EXTRACTABILITY

rẻ

tL

DTPA-extrac

id (mg

‘Alum

gener

thouại

DTPA-or

NH,NO,-extractable

showe

sigs

SINGH

TABLE

SSS ee

coetficient

between

Regression

NHÀO,

Tetuce

0.20-0.03

Bãi đo

Y=0030001,

EXIKACIABILIEY

Regression

3.89-2.77

Carrot leaves

0.38 0110

0,04

availability

conditions

of the

extractant

in predicting

earlier investigation

1994b)

therefore

‘conclude

extractants

effective

SINGH

2002

7.28

£002

4003

20m

CONCLUSIONS

concentrations

substantially

UPTAKE

EXTRACTABILITY

methods

to reduce

concentration

‘employed

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

second

Research Council

Norway

granting

Visiting Scientist

acknowledge

assistance

Roger Johansen

conducting

experiment

greenhouse

research

supported

Research

of Norway,

Ministry

Agriculture,

Hydro

(Project

103287/110)

REFERENCES:

‘Alloway,

Heavy Metals

in Soils

Wiley

Sons,

York,

Berrow,

Davidson,

Burridge

1982, Trace elements

extractable

2-ketogluconic

acid from

their relationship

plant

contents

Plant Soil, 66:161-171

Strong

Bingham,

2-1171

availability

cadmium

Bjorlykke,

1974

Depositional

and

geochemical

compos

Palaeozoic

epicontinental

sediments

from

Oslo region

Unders

305:1-81

Copper

cadmium adsorption

calcateous

Amer

characteristics

J 42:550-556,

Chaney,

Hornick

1978

Accumulation

effects

cadmium

‘crops,

125-140

Proceedings

Intemational Cadmium Conference

London, England

Carlton-Smith

1980

Crops

indicators

significance

contamination

heavy metals

Water Research Centre,

Stevenage,

Tech

TR140

SINGH

Dudka,

Chiopecka

mobility

phytoavail

solid-phase

speciation

metal

sludge amended

Water,

Elonen,

Pamtcle

analysis

Agric

iwedish

Swedish

Univ

Agric

Uppsala,

Sweden

Factors

distribution,

44:641-650,

uptake

cadmi

fertilizers,

Relationshiy

with

table

cadmium,

aa

fevers

Rlaionship

with exwacabl

admin

We

EXTRACTABILITY

Singh,

elements

frie

ae

ment

in

sala

sol,

with

parcular emphasis

Symeconides,

5934pAEm

Agricultural

Controlling

contamination

HYDROLYSIS

CITRUS

PRODUCTION

INFLUENCED

PLACEMENT!

Khakural

Exper

ABSTRACT:

The use

urea

a nitrogen

(N)

source

is increasing

citrus

production

sandy

Florida

Entisol

and

Spodosol

are the

two major

so

orders used

for

citrus

product

study was

conducted

examine the

difference

rate

urea hydrolysis

influenced

depth

placemer

Candler

fine sand

(Typic

Quartzipsamment)

and

a Wabasso

sand (Alfic

Haplaquod)

These

two

soils

represent

the

contrasting

soils

typically found

in the

citrus

growing

region

central,

southern,

and east

coast

regions

Florida

The

rate

urea

hydrolysis

was faster

a Candler

fine sand

than that

a Wabasso

sand and was

greater

for the

low (0.25

g N/kg)

than

1,00 g/kg)

rates

urea

applications

in both soil

urea hydroly:

hydrolysis

decreased

placement

surface

contribute

increase

increased

hydrolysis

INTRODUCTION

important

nitrogenous

fertilizer

immediately

1995

by Marcel Deki

Cony