Sy chilm uu thl cua mdt phuong phfip nfio dd trong mpt thdi kl ljch su nhit djnh cd thl quylt djnh dudng hudng phfit tiien chung ciia Ng&i ngQ hpc chfing hgn, Phuong phfip so sfinh - Ijc
Trang 1NGON NGtr sdii
DQC SACH
2009
CAC PHlfdNG PHAP NGHIEN CU'U NGON NGf
(Tac gia: GS.TS Nguyen Thi^n Gi6p, Nxb GD, 2009)
LAN HirONG L M ;
Mpt trong nhthig vin dl then chot
cua Ngon ngO hpc dgi cuong lfi vin dl
cfic phuong phfip n ^ e n cuu cua Ngdn
ngQ hpc Sy chilm uu thl cua mdt phuong
phfip nfio dd trong mpt thdi kl ljch su
nhit djnh cd thl quylt djnh dudng hudng
phfit tiien chung ciia Ng&i ngQ hpc (chfing
hgn, Phuong phfip so sfinh - Ijch su,
Phuong prfifip mieu tfi Ifi nhQng phuong
phfip da cd vai trd nhu thl)
Cfic phuong phfip nghien cihi cy
thl cua cfic cong trinh ngdn ngG hpc lfi
khfi da dgng Chung thay ddi tiiy thupc
vfio d$c tfnh ciia ddi tupng nghien cim,
myc dfch nghien cuu vfi binh dign nghien
cim dupe nhfi ngon ngQ hpc Ivra chpn
Moi ITnh vyc cua ngon ngQ diu cd thl
cd nhQng phuang phfip d$c tiiu chuyen
de nghien cim nd
Hign nay nhieu phuong phfip nghien
cuu cua Ngon ngQ hpc van chua cd dupe
mpt hg phuong phfip rd rang vfi nhQng
cfin cu If tiiuylt day du, nen rit khd cd
the mieu tfi dupe mpt cfich cjn kg cfic
phuomg phfip khfi hOu cua Ngdn ngO
hpc {Ngdn ngu hpc dgi cuang, Tgp HI,
Vign Hfin lam Khoa hpc Lien Xd) Tnsig
tinh hinh nhu thl, vigc cho sinh vien
vfi hpc vien cao hpc ciing nhu cfic nghien
cim sinh lfim quen vdi nhthig d$c dilm
cua mpt so phuong phfip nghien cim
ngdn ngQ vfi kT thu^t fip dyng nhOng
phuang phfip iy lfi hit sue quan trpng
M9t khfic, trong cfic khofi lugn tdt nghigp, lu^in vfin cao hpc vfi lu^in fin tiin sT hign nay, cd thl ndi khau ylu nhat chinh Ifi phuong phfip nghien cuu
Cd nhilu ngudi vilt lu^in vfin, Iu|n fin,
trong phin phuang phdp nghien ciru
da tuyen bd su dyng phuong phfip nfiy phuang phfip kia, song tren thvrc tl, hp chira hilu nhthig phuong phfip ay Ifi nhu thl nfio, hudng chi cdn ndi gl din vigc vgn dyng! Vfi ngudi dpc ciing chfing thiy nhthig phuong phfip mfi cfic tfic gifi lu|n vfin, lugn fin iy tuyen bd su dyng da dupe fip dyng d cho nfio cfi Thgm chf cd khfi nhilu lu^n vfin hay lu4n fin nghien cuu cfic dl tfii thupc nhtimg ITnh vyc khfic nhau ciia ngon ngQ hpc mfi 1^ deu neu fip dyng phuong phfip nghien cuu nhu nhau, dd lfi chua
kl nhthig cfii dupe neu khong phfii Ifi phuong phfip mfi chi Ifi tiiu phfip nghien
cuu, ching hgn, Phuang phdp phdn logi vd hi thong hod, ho$c Phuang phdp
md hlnh hod, Chiing toi rit tfin ddng
vdi y kiln mfi GS Nguyen Due Dan dfi neu vfi dupe tfic gifi cong trinh nfiy tiich Igi d ti- 123-124: "M$t bfing chung
vl tri tiiuc tofin hpc d cfic nhfi ngdn ngQ hpc cua chung ta hign nay dupe tiiu gpn tix)ng 4 phgp tinh sd hpc tiidng tiiudng Cong cy Ifim vigc chi cd till nhung hiu nhu edng trinh nfio cd dfnh dfing tdi khfio sfit ngdn ngQ trong hogt
Trang 2Cdc phuong phdp 79
dpng thvrc t l cung diu tuyen bd Ifi sQ
dyng phuong phfip thdng kg Trong
tuygt dgi da sd cfic trudng hpp, thdng
ke dupe hilu lfi ligt ke vfi cfii gpi lfi xu
If sd ligu vl thyc chit chi lfi ung dvmg
4 phgp tlnh sd hpc dl tim ti lg phin
tram, cfic gifi tii trung binh Chua kl
la cfic sd ligu dupe thu th|p va dien giai
mpt cfich tiiy tign khdng theo mpt phuong
phap khoa hpc nfio cfi Kit CVJC Ifi sd ligu
khdng giup fch gl nhieu vl ddi tupng
dupe khfio sfit"
Trong sy nghigp cai each gifio dye
hign nay, van de phuong phfip lfi hit
sue quan trpng Dung nhu n h ^ thuc
ciia tfic gifi edng tiinh nfiy da neu; "Chung
ta khong thl bien sinh vien thfinh mpt
kho chira cfic tii thuc mfi phfii t^o dilu
kign dl cfic em cung lfi ngudi tham gia
tgo ra tii tiiiic" (ti- 10) Vin dl nfiy cfing
cd y nghTa cip bfich trong tiidi gian hign
nay khi mfi Trudng dgi hpc Khoa hpc
xa hpi vfi Nhan vfin, Dgi hpc Qudc gia
Ha Npi dang tiin hanh cai each gifio
dye, yeu cau gifio vien tfing cudng gifing
dgy phuang phfip cho sinh vien
Trong chuang trinh dfio t^o sau
dgi hpc ciia Khoa Ngdn ngG hpc, Trudng
dgi hpc Khoa hpc xa hpi va Nhan vfin,
Dgi hpc Qudc gia Ha Npi da cd mpt
hg tiidng 5 chuyen de vl cfic phuang
phfip nghien ciiu ngdn ngG hpc mfi cfic
giao trinh vl chimg thl chua cd Day
la cong trinh diu tien trinh bfiy mpt
cfich khfi cd dpng vfi cd hg thdng nhGng
phuong phfip nghien ciiu chu chdt tiong
ngdn ngG hpc, cho nen ehfic chfin lfi nd
het siic can tfiilt vfi sg dupe hoan n ^ e n h
Cd thl ndi day la edng trinh cd y
nghTa li Ii4n va thvrc tien cao Nd khdng
chl dgy cho sinh vien, cfic hpc vien cao
hpc vfi nghien ciiru sinh hilu rd rfing
hon bfin chat va npi dung cting nhu cfich fip dyng timg phuong phfip nghien cihi vfio cong tiinh rieng cua minh cho tiifch hpp vdi de tfii sao cho cd higu qufi nhit
mfi nd cdn ^isp ich cho cfi cfic nhfi nghign
ciru ngdn ngG hpc da cd tham nien trong nghe Rd rang chuyen lugn nay sg gdp phan nang cao chat lupng ciia cfic edng trinh nghien cuu ngon ngG hpc d nude ta Phuang phfip dupe dimg trong edng trinh nfiy la phuang phfip dien giang theo ldi dien djch Ddi vdi mdi phuang phap nghien cim, tac gia da giai thfch cfin kg va de hilu cac khai nigm co bfin cd lien quan Dd la neu djnh nghTa, bfin chat cua phuang phap nghien cim vfi cfic thii phfip ciia nd, sau
dd trinh bay cy the each fip dyng cfic thii phap, cd neu thf dy minh hog chii yeu bing tieng Vigt va cfi nhGng thi dy bing tieng nude ngofii do cfic nhfi ngdn ngG hpc the gidi ap dyng khi nghien cim trong cong trinh ciia minh Do vgy, npi dung ciia cfic vin de dupe trinh bay khfi gifin dj va de tilp thu, nhat la ddi vdi sinh vien
Hai phuang phfip nghien ciru chinh
cd vai trd quyet djnh khuynh hudng ngiiien cim ciia Ngdn ngG hpc da dupe
trinh bay tiong cong tiinh nay la Phuang
phdp miiu td \k Phuang phdp so sdnh
Ddi vdi Phuang phfip mieu ta, tic gia tiinh bay 3 vin de Idn lfi: 1) NhGng tiiii phap giai thich ben ngoai (bao gom: thii phfip xa hpi hpc, thu phfip trudng nghTa, thu phfip phan tich ngG canh, tiiu phfip phan bd); 2) NhGng tiiii phfip giai thfch ben trong (gdm: cfic thii phfip phan logi vfi hg thdng hofi, thii phfip phan tfch thfinh td tryc tiep, thii phap phan tfch vj tii - tiiam td, thu phfip phan tich nghTa td, tiiu phfip phan tich nguyen
Trang 380 Ngdn ngtt sft 11 nam 2009
tii ngQ nghla, thu phfip phfin tfch khdi
tdi da); 3) NhQng tiiu p h ^ 16 gfch hpc,
tofin hpc vfi ngdn ngQ hpc tfim If (bao
gdm: thu phfip 16 gfch hpc, thu phfip
thdng kg tofin hpc, thu phfip v$n dyng
khfii nigm t$p hpp trong miSu tfi ng6n
ngQ, tiiu phfip v§n dyng khfii ni^m hfim
trong mieu tfi ngdn ngQ, thu phfip v§n
dyng cfic phgp tofin mgnh de trong mieu
tfi ngdn ngQ, thu phfip ngdn ngQ hpc
tfim If)
Phuong phfip so sfinh dupe trinh
bfiy vdi 3 npi dung chfnh img vdi 3 kieu
logi lfi: I) Phuong phfip so sfinh - Ijch
su (vdi cfic npi dung: myc dfch vfi cfic
thu phfip ciia nd, gdm: thu phfip xfic
djnh sy ddng nhit vl ngudn gdc, thu
phfip phyc nguyen hlnh thuc nguyen
so, thu phfip xfic djnh nien dgi tuygt
ddi vfi tuong ddi, thu phfip phfin tfch
tQ nguyen); 2) Phuong phfip ljch su
-so sfinh trinh bfiy myc dfch vfi nhChig
thu phfip cua nd, gdm: thu phfip phyc
nguyen ben trong, thu phfip nien d^
hofi, thu phfip ljch sQ ciu t^o tQ, thu
phfip bilu dd phuong ngdn, cfic thu phfip gifii thich ve m$t vfin hofi vfi ljch su; 3) Wiuong phfip ddi chieu tiinh bfiy:
myc dfch vfi cfic Idlu lo^i cQa nd, gdm:
Phuomg phfip so sfinh - Io?ii hinh (vdi cfic nOi dung: Phuang phfip so sfinh -lo^i hinh vdi lo^ hlnh hpc; Phuomg phfip so sfinh - lo^i hlnh vdi phd ni^m ngdn ngQ; Phuang phfip so sfinh - lo^i hinh vdi ng&i ngG hpc khu vvrc), Phuong phfip so sfinh - ddi chilu (phuong phfip
so sfinh - ddi chilu vdi vigc d^y - hpc ngogi ngG, djch thu^t vfi bien so^m tQ diin; Nhthig thu phfip ciia phirong phfip
so sfinh - ddi chieu)
Cdc phieang phdp ngftien ciru ngon ngQ ciia GS Nguyen Thign Gifip cd
thl dupe coi lfi gifio trinh co bfin, phyc
vy edng tfic dfio t^o ve phuang phfip nghien cuu ngdn ngQ d bgc d^i hpc vfi d$c bigt Ifi sau d^i hpc
Tdi xin tran trpng gidi thigu gifio trinh nfiy cung cfic bgn sinh vien, hpc vien cao hpc vfi nghien cuu sinh ngfinh Ng6n ngQ hpc cimg ddng dfio bgn dpc!