Bài giảng Tin học ứng dụng chuyên ngành: Phần 1 - Trường ĐH Công nghiệp Quảng Ninh

Phần 1 của bài giảng Tin học ứng dụng chuyên ngành cung cấp cho học viên những nội dung về: các khái niệm cơ bản; các lệnh vẽ cơ bản; các phương pháp nhập tọa độ thường dùng; nhóm lệnh hiệu chỉnh sửa; trình tự thiết lập một bản vẽ; ứng dụng trong thiết kế kỹ thuật; ứng dụng tin học trong thiết kế mở vỉa, đào lò;... Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo!

sO cONc rHuoNG TRUoNG DAr Hec cONc Ncurtp eN

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(uuxc cno srNu vrtu rsar r-HAc rvr6 nan io rniNn oo ooi ro"l

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Prrr'n I

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1 Kh6i ni6m co bin

Hdm ld ld m6t cOng cU thgc hiOn cdc thao tdc

tinh toi{n vd md ti kdt qui bang nh0ng k} thuAt

d6 hoa, bing bidu theo yOu cdu ctra linh vuc

srl dung nham n0ng cao tinh chfnh x6c, dring

k! thuAt,, tidt kiOm thdi gian, ning cao hiOu qui

f Xndi dQng blng bidu tr$ngr ta double'click tio bidu triflng

# Khdi ilQng theo ilridng don :

\

# Graphics Area(vtns d{i hoa): Li vling thr/c hiQn bdn vE,

#Menu Ber: Nlm ngang phfa trtn rring dii hga glim cdc mgc: tr'ile,

# Status Line iddns trans thdi): Nim

d0 0N thi dddc dfm di, cdn d che dQ 0IT'thi hi md ili, Khi double.click

rio cde nrit trqng th{i, n€'u dang md thitdt ti ngrIflc lqi,

lQnh ho{c Menu mi ta ilang sf ilgng cfing xufl't hiQn tqi dty

# Toolber (thanh e8ns cu)r Cd nhidu nrit Toolbars, m6imit li hidutrI{ng cria lgnh trong Toolbar,

# Crosshail Giao didm cria 2s{it6c theo phddng X ri Y, tqa dQ dd{c

03

Edit, View

VIEW2 IN5ERI

FORt4AI

T00Ls t

T0015 2 DRAW 1

DRAl/t/ 2 DIIv]N5ION ItlODIFYl [IODIFY2

Help

- Curson Con chqy

- Pnll.down Menur Bdng danh mrle kdo

Arrange Ic I xuel hign, Dd tdt ho4c md ta lim nhrJsaur

v I Drawingl,dwg Menu Bar > Tool > Otions > Display >

Chfl tlt'u in hoa d sau c6 de'u 2 che'm: Tgn l0nh

a Toa d0 tuyOt ddi

sDr 100 < 30 nghla la D = 100' gdc dinh huUng P = 30 d6 so r'Ji toe

b To? dQ cgc tuY0t ildi

nhrisaul D < p

2.2 CAC PHUoNG PHAP NHAP TOA D0

Tqa d0 tuygt d0i li tri sOrthr/c crla c{c tqa dQ x'X'u $0 rdi g0'c 0, Bqn

hign thdi,

b To? dQ cr;c tuyet ddi

Tqa dq cdc cho blng bdn kfnh D vi g6c quay, Tga d9 cric dri{t nhqp

2.3 YE DoAN ruiNc (l6nh LrNE)

a, C0ng dung

b, Nhflp l6nh

Pull.down menui Draw /Line

c, Cri phd p l0nh

Conmandr line(L)

LINE specify first point: <chon Prbtl tS tr8n min hhh>

$pedfy next point or [Undo]r <chon didm fiep theo, hodc ddp U>

ddp C,U>

+ Ddp Closer Ddng kin dridng gtp khric

+D{p Undor Hriy bd I dop rrYa rE

/

06

2.4 YE DUoNG TRON (L6nh Circle)

a, CBng dun

TrY ilfly ta cd c{c cdch vB iil/dngr

Donut

5pline Ellipse Block Point

3 Points Circle I

0f

o

d, Vfdu

ilinh c6 tqa ilO 50,10,

LINE specify first point: 50,10 <ENTER>

Specify next point or [Undo]: @200'0 <ENTER]

Specify next point or [Undo]: @-2ffi'0 <ENTER>

i/VB ilddns trdn blns t$m ri bdn kfnh (Center, Radius):

<Nhflp tga tlg tflm>

ii/VE ihidnq trdn qua 3 didm (3P):

iii/VE tilidnq trdn qua 2 tlidm (2P)-2 ilidm mrit tlrjdng kfnh

0q

iiii/V0 tilidns trdn tiE,D xric rdi X dridns vi bdn kinh R (Tan tan,Radiusi

gdn didm ti8p xric cing t0t>

didm tiep xric cing t0'b

Soeeift redius of eirele <nh6o bdn kinh til/dns trdn edn r0 >

7a

Hrll.down menu: Draw / Circle /Tan, Tan, Tan

Sau khinh{p lgnh AutoCAD drla ra Idinhdc:

-circle specify center point for circle or [sp/2plltr (tan tan radius)]r

-tan to <chi rio drJdng thrf hai>

-tan to <chi rio iiliflng thr? ba>

b/ Cuns trdn qua ilidm tld-u, ttm, ilidm cuoi (Start. Center, Endi:

,S

E

C

4

2.5 Yfr, CUNG TRON (Lenh Arc)

(LSnh ARC)

Cirrle

Donut 5pline Ellipse

) )

P1

P3

start, Ccrter, End

' stBrt, Center, Angle

Start, Ccnter, Length

Start, End, Angle

start, End, Radius

Center, start, End

Center, 5tart, Angle

Center, start, Length

start, End, 0ir*ction

3 Poinfs

Continue

&

Block Point

)

)

Arc

2.6 Yfr,DA GrAc oiu (LQnh Polygon)

a CSnq duns

Gb l€nh:

Command: Polygon

Enter numberof side <4>: <cho sdcqnh tla gidc>

Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/ Circumscribed about circle] <I>:

Specify redius of circle:

' <cho bdn kinh ttrtdng trdn nQi ti€p>

a) N0i ti6'p (t)

o

b1 I'l.goaitrep iC:t

ii/V€ da eidc nqoai ti€b dddne trdn (C):

Trtn ddng nhdc <l> bqn d6p Circumscribed:

Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed

about circlel <I>: C

,Lb

canh: P2>

c) Cho canh (E)

e, CBne dung

Dtng ild v€ cdc tl0i tr/dng ld hinh chff nh6t

b, Nhdp'l6nh

Pnlldowri menu: Draw /Rectangle

Enter number of slde <4>:E <cho s6'cgnh da gi6c>

2.7 vfr, niNu cnfl NHAI (lcntr Rectangle)

* Cdc hJa chon tr0n ddng <l>!

# Drip Chamfen dd r{t gdc hinh chfl nhflt

Specify frrst chamfer distance for rectangles <,,,>! <cho doan vdt thrl l>

# Drip Eleration ri Thicknessr tlinh tlQ cao ri ilq ntng ltn cria hinh chfi

nhft khi vE 3 chitiu

# Ddp Ellleh hi{n trdn cdc g6c hinh chf nh$t Sau khi chgn ildp ['tr8n

# Ddp l{idthr dinh bii rQng n6t rE, Sau khi chgn tldp W tr€n tldng nhdc

2.8 VE HINH ELIP (LOnh Etlipse)

a, CEns duIltI

Dtng itd vB edc tlOi trlOng ld ellipse, Vi6c vE elip phq thu6c vdo gid

tribieh PELLIPSE,

PELLIPSE =L thi elip li 1 tla tuyth gtim c{c cung trdn ghdp lqi,

PELLIPSE = 0: thi elip li tilidngtldn hinh nhr/Spline, cho n8n

truy bdt CEN,QUA cria n6,

b, Nhip l6nh

c, Cd phd p l0nh

Command: Ellipse

4b

Ddp ddng nhdc <1> ta cd nhitiu cdch vB elip tn/dng hflp tlit bieh

i/ Cho L truc vd % truc thrl2:

Cornrnand: Ellipse

<cho didm thrl nhfll cria 1 trgc, Pl>Spe'cify other endpoint of axis: <cho ilidm thr? hai cria I trgc, P2>

<cho didm thrf 3, hoic nhfp khoing cdch li % trgc cdn l4i>

(Rotation- quay I g6c):

P3

<cho g6c Udt adu vE cung, hodc'l ilidm>

<cho g6c cu0'i cung, ho{c tlidm thf 2>

P2

C

0 PL

LT

180

2.9 YE DUoNG CONG (L6nh Spline)

cho cdc tlidm mi n6 ili qua, ggi li Control Point, NgrJdi ta thr/dng srY

cdc m0u cAy, ngridi, vf t trang trf trong kieh trric, thiet kd mriy, 0t0,,,Cdc iilIdng Polyline tao bdi lfnh Pline c6 thd chuydn thinh dqnh

Splinedit,

b, Nhflp l6nh

43

2.L0 vE ouoNc coNG (L6nh Spline)

d' Elose b),I)efoult Tongents c)'Toleronce=0

TrBn ddng nhdc <l> chon ddp 0bject fu6 0): neu tlf, cd tilidng

Pline-spline tqo ntn do ta higu chinh tilidng Pline blng lfnh Pedit l(a

thinh ddflng Spline,

TrBn ddng nhdc <h chon ildp Eit tolerance (g6 I): Ad tidp tgc vE

c, Cri phdp l6nh

Command: Spline

<cho tlidm thri'3: 3>

<cho ilidm thrl4: 4>

<b

<cho hridng tidp tuyBh tqi didm tldu Spline hay ENTER chgn m{c ilinh>

Specify end tangentr

<cho hridng tidp tuyeh tqi didm cudi Spline hay ENTER chgn m{c ilinh>

Trtn ddng nhdc <?r chqn tldp Close tg0 Clr thi dridng Spline sE il6ngkfn,

N

kidu g4ch

2.11 L0NH MAT CAr G6nh Trim)

ciic biin v$ thidi k6'cria chi ridi nuiy rhrldng bao gdm ciic ma-.t cdt tr6n ciichinh bidu di6n, AutocAn sridrlrg lfnh IIATCH ho{'c BIIATCH dd vd lcy hi€u

vfll li$u lr€n m{'l cdr hoi{c 16 trang rrirr€n ud rn['r vi{r thd, Midn 16 thrrdng [i

midn kin, ciic rnfru gach soc (Pailerng drtoc chrfa rmng file acad.par, [6rh

Eqch.

9.1 TRINH TU taaaaTHUC HIEN GACH mll cil

Khi thgc hi$n gach rnit cdt, ching ra pluiixiic dinh I vrii dd nhf sau:

l Chon kidu sach (Style):Normal, 0uler,lgnom

t ,l

va mle[

JL

2, Chon mfru each (Pattern):

+ Cuslom: tho mfu drloc tqo ridng chli.t tmng rfp tin cd du0i ,PAT d{r

+ User- defined: chon theo mfu don girin gdm ciic drrdng ttriug

nghi€ng ddu, ta chi cho khoring crich girlh cric drrdng (Spacing) vi cho g6cnghi6ng (tuglei.

l Chon midn gach:

+ tick Internal Detection: chon I didm bflr tmng midn kin sd gach.

+ Select obiects: c hon cdc ddi uqng liim drtdng bidr cria vtng st gach.

sau diiy ching la sfl nghidn cr(rr cdch g4ch nrii'l cf,t birg ciic l6nh Bhatch,

IIatch,

Jd

2.u LDNH Dr CHUyiN (Lcnh Move)

a, CSns du ngi

Lqnh MOYE Ad ai cnuydn cdc it0i triflng tdi vi trf khdc mi kh0ng thay

Select objects: <chgn il0i trfflng cfl'n di chuydn>

Select objects: <chgn ilOi tr/qng tiep, hoqc ENTER ke1 thfic chgn>

displacement>: <cho tlidm tlich ddi tdi>

7,

d-1

+

2.U LDNH DI cHUYdN (LOnh Move)

d, Yi du

Dfl vE ilddng trdn tAm O vi polyline t&m cung li I nhrJhirih b8n, FIfly

ddi polyline tdi ihing ti trf nhrihinh dr/di tl{f .

Select objects: <chgn polyline>

Select objects: < ENTER >

of <bdt tem I cria polyline>

<use flrrst point as displacemenb: QUA.

of <bdt tlidm r,4 phia trtn cria dridng trdn tt

MOVE chi kh{c li tt6i tddng cfi vdn giil nguy8n.

Select obJectsr <chgn dO'i tddng cdn sao ch6p>

Select objects: <ENTER>

Spectfj, base point or displacement, or [Multiple] :

<cho tlidrri cd s,il, ho4c khoiing cdch di chuydn,

neiu bqn chgn M ld sao chdp thinh nhitiu bdn>

point as displacement>: <cho didm dich tdi>

RtrCTANGULAR AR,RAy (sao ch6p thep hing cet)

2.14 SAO CHEP wTAUC (L6nh Array)

Specify unit cell <chgn mQt vi trf>

chudn>

Khi lQnh ARRAY tilldc thr/ c hien, khodng cdch cdc tt0i tr/flng li

+ Xdc tlinh khodng cdch giila hing vi cQt blng cdch bdt tlidm (Ptck

column/row offet)

Specify the distance between colurnns(ho{c rows)l

Second pdint: <chgn didm thr? 2>

BrJdc 3r Nhfp g6c x6o crla c{c dOi tr/flng (Angle of array) sau khi seo

N€ir chgn trri c ti6p ban click v.io

BrJdc 4: Chgn tt6i triflng muOh sao ch6p

S Bectangular Array Q Polar Anay i$ Select obiects

O obiects selected Fows 4 Columns: 4 l

IrJ

By default if thc row olfsct is negative.

.rows are addad do6,,nward lf the column offset is negative, columns are added to the left.

) Polar Anay

2.14 SAO CHEP wTAXC G€nh Array)

# Ne-u bqn chqn POLAR, ARRAY (sao ch6p theo vdng trdn) bqn h6y

Brddc 2t Chgn kidu ARRAY Chgn trong B Method

l,lethod and values

& Ansle to fill: !lethod:

N€'u chon trr,t'c tie'p click vio 4

Totdl number of items & Anqle to fill

Totalnumber of jtems:

Ansle to !ill:

Anqle between itemsi

Yao 4

quay vd hridng theo phrJdng ngang>

Nhfp sd tlOi trJf,ng tilidc copy (Total rumber of iterns)

Specify the angle between itemsl

quay va hridng theo phr/dng ngang>

* Ansle to fill & Attgle between items:

rb

lr For angle to fill, a posiiive value specifies

counterclockwise rotation A negative value specifies clockwise rotation.

360 !8

ry

thi tldi tr/flng

hr/dng vio t8m quay, ne'u khSng thi cdc tlOi trfgng giff nguy8n.hinh dang,

Nh{p gdc quay crla ttl cd cdc ilOi trlUng (Angle to fill)

2.15 DdI xtNc (LQnh Mirror)

d5 c6, vi c6 thd giil nguy8n ho{c x6a hinh cfi di,

Toolbar: Nrit Mrror

G6 IQnhr Mrror

/lN

Select objectsl <chgn d0i tr-/flng edn seo ch6p>

Select objects: <Enter dd ket thric lQnh>

specify first point of mirror line: <chgn ttidm tldu cria irrldng d6i xrtng>

<chgn ttidm thri'hai crla dr/rirng d6i xfng>

ngr/dc

Screen Menu /Setting /SETYAR /MrText (0/1)

Ne'u d{t MirText=l thi Text sE tlOi xrfng hinh cfi

MirText=0 thi Text sE c6 dang thr/c nhr/hinh cff,

Lg

2.16 co DAN cAc odl rUqNG Gcnh stretch)

a, CEng dgng

cfi, Khi chgn cdc il0i triflng dd Stretch phdi dring Crossing \{indow ho{c Crossing Polygon, C:ic il0i triflng chqm vio khung cfa sd sB

iiliflc k6o dfln, cdc tlOi trfgng lot trong khung cr?a sd sE thiflc ddi ili,

ili, cdn ttm d ngoii thi itr/dng trdn sB th/flc k6o df,n,

<cho tlidm cd sd, hay khodng cdch k6o>

' <cho didrn tlich k6o tdi hoic ENTER>

2.17 LENH CAT (L€nh Trim)

Select objects to trim or [Project/Edge/undo]:

z.ls miilH rUrHtET rnp rufi riu uE

ET"f the paper

ry1dth: (NhQp gi6 tri chidu rong gidy VD ta chon 2gT)

E1!er the paper height: (Nh?p gi5

tri chidu cao c0a

flhi kdt th0c l6nh Autocad s6 tu d6ng v6 mOt

khung hdnh ch0 nh6t bao quanh gi6-i han b6n v6

niy

3L

b Thi6t lep hiQu chinh v"n bdn,

ffhi*t tap ki6; cdu, c6 ci'o|

thaong trong hQp: Font style

thudng ty 1/1 thi cd ch? 2,5 6 day theo

VD trdn ta chon cd ch? 50.

F Sau khi dinh dAng song ta kfch chuOt trai

vdo Apply

>Khi dd xudt hien mot c0a sd

Chon t lines and

I en I Primary Units I Alternale Units ] Tobran.e" i

OK

(

d6 16

-il -:l

Suppress: f- Ext Line 1 f Ext Line 2

Extend beyond ticks: l' j

ITE-J

!l uoaify oimension Styte: tSo-25

ti Nlodify Dimension Styl.e: ISO-25 2

Fraction height scalgfi ff

F Draw frame aaound text

C Gdn dudng ndt.

Show all linetypes

Elobal scale factor:

Eunent obiect scale:

Pull-down Toobars

FormatlLa

yer

Layer

hinh v6) ta chon g6n nhirng l6p m6i v6i

2.re c[GH n s/til uE

CSch 1: Ctrt+p dd 0 l6nh in

Cach 2: File/plot

Khi do xudt hiOn hoi thoai ptot:

Loqi mly in "Name,,

Chon sd b6n in

Layout

Modcl

39

Pag6 aotup naane

17 Savo clEng.a to bj,od <SeLclp.gc

Model 17 S.ve changcs to layout

Ptol Davico Plot Scttinss

I

P6per slze and paper units

Plol device: {j, C.non LASEB SHOT LBp.t 2t O

P6per size:

Printable rrea: 267.61 x 204.28 m$ f inches

Plot scale Scalc:

I Paqc solup n6ma

<Sclect pagc s6tup to apply> _=

3 MANc TNTERNET vA ur4Nc NOI n0 NETwoRK

3.1 Mgng Internet: Li mang cira c6c r.n4ng, nghla li nhidu mang kh6c nhau

dugc kdt ndi nhau rheo m6t quy dfnh ri6ng goi li nghi thf Mot s6 mang mr{y tinh

bao gdm 0l mdy trung tam (m6y chir) vi nhidu m6y kh6c nfii vdo dO (gqi li tram

lim vi0c) Gic mang kh6c kd ci mang c6 quy m6 lfi hon bao gdm nhidu m6y chii

vi cho ph6p bdt ky may nho trong mang c6 thd kdt ntii v6i bdt k! m6y nio kh6c dd

trao ddi thdng tin thoai m6i v6i nhau Mot kti d6 duoc kdt ndi vio'Intemet, mdy

tinh cta ban sE li mor trong sd hing chuc triQu thinh vi€n cfia mang khdng ld niy

vd thr;c chdt, In temet li c6ng ngh0 th6ng tin qua gigng n6i TV la hinh anl ve am

thanh con Intemer thi tdng hqp tat ci v6i tdm nhin r6ng ho, phd dung ho, hiQu qu6ho' ching h+n ben c6 thd vidt thu, doc b6o, xem ban rin,

rra crfu, dam tnoai cung

lfc nhidu ngudi N6 c6 mOt stl didm chinh sau

a Truy xudt dt li6u

3.2 Mang n6i bQ Network: Lir c6c mhy tinh c6 nhin duo c n6i vdi nhau dd trao

ddi th6ng tin, chia s6 tdi nguyOn th6ng tin cfia nhau, vdi

nhau

4 THUaT GrAr: Thuat giii li m6t qp hgp hfu han c6c rhao t6c (c6cc6ng vi€c,

c6c ph6p toan ') c6 thd dbt tcn dudc vd chrint thgc hi€u theo mOt trinh tu thich hqp

ddi vdi m.t sti ddi tuong nio tr6 dd d4t duo c nhidu mong mudn H[u h4n duo c hidu Tinh thuc hi€n

Cdc thao ti{c quy dinh trong thuat gi6i Ii c6c thao t6c mi con ngudi vi miiy

m6c c6 thd thuc hi6n duoc Iftong thd n6u ra cdc thao t6c v6 rf, wot qua kh6

ning

cria ngudi vi m6y.

Tinh hfu han vi kdt thric

Phei kdt thric sau mot sd budc hfiu h4n (Hflu han bao hdm c6 vd mit thdi gian

vi vd sd budc thuc hiQn) Kh6ng rhd c6 thuat giAi chay vdng vo

,O ,t anlan, H,One

c6 lfii tho6t ra.

T(nh kdr qui:

vdi d[ li.u hqp rf (thu6c midn x5c dinh, midn t6c d.ng cira tr.iat giai) thuat

giii phii cho ta kdt qui Tdt nhi€n k6t qua niy phai thoi man ngudi dat raleu cdu

Tinh hi€u qu6

MQt bii to6n mQt van dd c6 thd c6 nhidu thudt gi6i kh6c nhau MOt rhuar gi6i

tcir dcrn gian, d6 hidu, tidt kigm @ nh6 vi thdi gian ihuc hien

Tinh duy nhdt duo c x6c dinh:

Kdt qui chi phu thu6c vd d[ riou cta bdi to6n chf kh6ng phu thu6c vi Mi

canh thu c hi€n bdi to6n N6i cric kh6c, trong cing mot didu kien, hai bQ xrl l!

(ngudi hoac m6y) thuc hi0n ctng mot budc cira thuat gi6i thi phii cho cung m6t k6t

+4