ACHIEVEMENT AND TRENDS OF CHAMPA STUDIES IN THE 21 ST CENTURY FOCUS ON EXHIBITION AND PROMOTION OF CHAMPA HERITAGES

ACHIEVEMENT AND TRENDS OF CHAMPA STUDIES IN THE 21STCENTURY:FOCUS ON EXHIBITION AND PROMOTION OF CHAMPA HERITAGES DO TRUONG GIANG ALEXGIANGVN@GMAIL.COM... Colonial Scholarship on SEA his

ACHIEVEMENT AND TRENDS OF CHAMPA STUDIES IN THE 21STCENTURY:

FOCUS ON EXHIBITION AND PROMOTION OF CHAMPA HERITAGES

DO TRUONG GIANG

ALEXGIANGVN@GMAIL.COM

FIRST STAGE

• Construct

• Inscription; Chinese and Vietnamese sources; Excavation

• Indianization context vs Sinocization

• United/Single state

2ND STAGE

• Deconstruct

• Reevaluate the available sources

• New Interpretation and Narrative

• Mandala and Confederation states Cham and other ethnics

CHAMPA STUDIES IN LATE 19 TH – EARLY 20 TH

Colonial Scholarship on SEA history

• Maspero (1928), Le royaume de Champa, Translated into English as The

Champa kingdom – The history of an extinct Vietnamese culture.

• R.C.Majumdar, Ancient Indian Colonies in the Far East, Vol.1 Champa

(1927); and Vol.2 Suvarnadvipa (1937)

• G.Coedes (1944), Histoire ancienne des etats hindouises d'Extreme-Orient Translated into English as The Indianized states of Southeast Asia (1968).

• D.G.E.Hall (1955), A history of South-east Asia

Colonial Scholarship on SEA history

Colonial interpretation on Champa history

• Sources: Sanskrit inscriptions, Chinese and Vietnamese sources,

Archaeological findings

• Champa in the framework of Indianized states

• focus mainly on political history of Champa

• An unified kingdom of Champa

• Continuity

• Champa as kingdom of Cham ethnic

• Came to an end in 1471

Vietnamese interpretation on Champa History

• Major figures: Prof Luong Ninh; Prof Ngo Van Doanh; Dr Le Dinh Phung; Prof Phan Xuan Bien…

• Using French and Russian books as primarily references; Could not use Sanskrit Inscriptions and Cham manuscripts ; limited connection with English-published works

• Inherited almost from previous French works on Champa

• Contribution: New archaeological findings, art history of Champa;

preservation of Champa relics; cultural aspects in contemporary Cham communities

New trend in Champa historiography since 1980s

- “Re-visionist” or EFEO-based scholars on Champa history: Lafont, Po

Dharma, Nocolas Weber, Danny Wong

- New generation of historians working on Champa: William Southworth, Momoki Shiro, Mariko Yamagata, Vickery, Mohamad Effendy →Conference

on New Scholarship on Champa at ARI, 2004

- Vietnamese Scholars: Tran Quoc Vuong, Tran Ky Phuong, Lam My Dzung… Synthesizing new archaeological findings with new theories

• P.B.Lafont (ed.)., Proceedings of the seminar on Champa University of Copenhagen on May

23, 1987.

• Po Dharma, Le Panduranga 1822-1835 Ses rapports avec le Vietnam (PhD Diss)

• Tran Quoc Vuong (1995), Miền trung Việt Nam và văn hoa Champa [Central Vietnam and Champa Culture] Another work: Tran Quoc Vuong (1998), Vietnam, a Geo-Cultural View.

• Momoki Shiro (1998), Was Champa a pure maritime polity?: Agriculture and Industry

Recorded in Chinese documents Another paper: Momoki Shiro (1999), “A Short introduction

to Champa studies”.

• William Southworth (2001), “The origins of Campa in central Vietnam: A preliminary review” (PhD diss., SOAS).

• Michael Vickery (2005), "Champa Revised“, Asia Research Institute Working Paper, No 37.

• Tran Ky Phuong (2008) “‘Riverine exchange network’: An exploration of the historical cultural landscape of central Vietnam.”

• The Cham of Vietnam: history, society and art edited by Bruce Lockhart and Tran Ky Phuong

Singapore: NUS Press, forthcoming

• Origin of Champa: Native ethnic.

• Champa was not a unified state, but a “confederation of states” or

mandala(s), coatal states → applying new models to explain history of Champa

• Discontinuity in Champa history

• Multi-ethnic of Champa kingdom

• The history of Champa was not end in 1471 but continue to exist till 1832

• Positioning Champa history into regional history – Malay world in

particular

CHAMPA HISTORY

CHAMPA ARTS

CONSERVATION SCIENCES

CHAMPA INSCRIPTIONS

https://isaw.nyu.edu/publications/inscriptions/campa/

WHAT TO LEARN FROM NEW INSCRIPTIONS?

CHAMPA ARCHAEOLOGY

NEW TRENDS IN STUDYING CHAMPA

• Champa studies in the Digital Age – Transform and Adaptation

HERI-TECH FOR CHAMPA HERITAGES

• NEW TECHNO FOR RECONSTRUCTING OLD SITES

• THANG LONG IMPERIAL CITADEL IN THE LY DYNASTY:

iics-2016.html

https://viennghiencuukinhthanh.com/videos/kien-truc-cung-dien-viet-nam-thoi-ly-• CHUA DAM’S RECONSTRUCTION:

https://www.facebook.com/3dartjsc/posts/2170164083114987

• POSSIBILITIES TO APPLY FOR CHAMPA SITES: DONG DUONG

MONASTERIES/CITADEL; TRIEN TRANH SITE; DO BAN CITADEL

NEW TECHNO FOR EXHIBITION OF CHAMPA

Nagaoka Palace Restoration; A sensory application

A new approach to the utilization of buried

cultural properties including historical sites

APP ANDROID:

https://apkpure.com/ar%E9%95%B7%E5%B2%A1%E5%AE%A

E/jp.co.swnet.arnagaoka

DIGITAL HUMANITIES

ANNE VALERIE SCHWEYER

GIS – ANNE VALERIE SCHWEYER’S PIONEERING APPROACH IN NORTH HAIVAN PASS REGION

A VIEW FROM THE SKY – LIDAR TECHNOLOGY

• LIDAR TECHNOLOGY

• LESSONS FROM ANGKOR: GREATER

ANGKOR PROJECT – SYDNEY UNIVERSITY

• POSSIBILITY IN CHAMPA: MY SON

SANCTUARY AND VIJAYA

WHAT'S THIS LIDAR THAT REVEALED A SECRET

CAMBODIAN CITY?

• https://www.inverse com/article/21187- lidar-angkor-wat-

lasers

• https://www.nytime s.com/2016/09/20/s cience/angkor-wat- cambodia-

archeaology.html

USING CHAM AKHAR THRAH SOURCES

• CHAM ROYAL DOCUMENTS IN PARIS: BOTH IN CHAMPA AND SINO-NOM

• WHAT TO LEARN?

• Champa history

• Champa and the Nguyen dynasty

CHAMPA INSCRIPTIONS OLD-CHAM PORTIONS IN THE INSCRIPTIONS

OLD SITES – NEW PERCEPTIONS

• ĐỒNG DƯƠNG – REVISING THE OLD GLORIOUS PAST OF A GRAND BUDDHIST MONASTERY AND CITADEL

• TRIỀN TRANH – SVON TRALAUN CITADEL 11-12TH CENTURIES?

• It is not clear exactly where in

Champa the Chinese junks traded because the Chinese sources do not indicate specific ports

• In previous studies, with the

assumption that the capital and trade center of Campa move

south from Amaravati to Vijaya nagara since 1000 CE

• With this in mind, previous

scholars also assumed that the role of Dai Chiem port and Cu Lao Cham came to an end with the move of capital to the south

• This conventional view, however, need to be reconsidered thanks to recent archaeological discoveries

in these areas, especially the

Chinese ceramics found in

Amaravati region

TRIỀN TRANH – SVON TRALAUN CITADEL

11-12 TH CENTURIES?

BIA MỸ SƠN C95

BIA CHIÊN ĐÀN C64

ĐỒNG DƯƠNG – REVISING THE OLD GLORIOUS PAST OF A GRAND BUDDHIST MONASTERY AND INDRAPURA CITADEL

The Chau Tan shipwreck

The Chau Tan shipwreck and the bunch of its

commodities show the strong presence of international merchants on the coast of Champa by the 9th-10th centuries

SHIPWRECKS AND CERAMICS AS NEW SOURCE

• In the meantime, the

incised Arabic inscriptions provide evidence of the presence of Arab

merchants/travellers on board of the ship It

appears that all the

pieces with bits of Arabic

on them carry the same

text as “amdada dadu

• Interestingly, several Indic

inscriptions bear the name

“Ambārak” which appears

to be a location in

present-day Iran “Ambārak” is

known to be a place in the

north-west of ancient port

of Siraf on the Persian Gulf

where was a well-known

destination of the maritime

trade route during the Tang

period.

Photo Credit: Nishimura Masanari

(Noriko Nishino, Toru Aoyama, Jun Kimura,

Takenori Nogami and Le Thi Lien “Nishimura

project: The oldest shipwreck found in

Vietnam”)

CHAMPA CERAMICS

• CHAMPA CERAMICS

• CERAMICS IN CHAMPA

Champa ceramics in trading network

THANK YOU!