Bai hpe sau la ket qua cua bai hpc tnrcie... Doan nay coi la dinh nghia t u tudng Hd Chi Minh.. Dinh nghia eira dai hdi IX da duge dn dinh.
Trang 1C^n lam sau site them
bai hoc van dung sang tao
va phat trien ly iuan Mac - Lenin trong Cuong linh
Ng h i e n ciiu d u t h a o
Cuong l i n h (bd s u n g ,
p h a t trie'n 2010), t r e n
t i n h t h a n n h a t t r i la co
b a n , cbn m d t vai k h i a e a n h xin dugc t r i n h b a y de B a n dir t h a o
x e m xet:
1 - T e n g o i N e n t h e m v a n de
"bao ve To qudc" de viet: "Cuong linh xay d u n g va bao ve Td qudc trong thdi ky qua dp len chu nghia
x a hdi" Xay d u n g v a bao ve To qudc la b a i n h i e m vu chien luge deu q u a n trpng, deu q u a n he c h a t ehe t r o n g sudt thcri ky q u a dp
N h a n d a n r a t q u a n t a m ea hai v a n
de n a y T h u c t i e n d a n g eho t h a y
t i n h biic xiic va lau dai cua nd
2 - V e "Qua t r i n h e a c h m a n g
v a n h i i n g b a i h o c k i n h
n g h i e m "
- N e n viet "ky nguyen dpc lap t u
do va chu n g h i a x a hdi" (hoae "di len chu n g h i a xa hdi") C a n t h e m
t i n h chat che dp xa hdi de du nghia hon, p h a n biet ky nguyen trube va
ky nguyen sau
- Trong 5 bai hpc Icrii
-I- N e n n h a p bai hpc t h i i ba va
t h i i t u l a m mpt mdi du "Idn" Doan
k e t la v a n de Idn cua each m a n g
• PGS LE THE LANG
n h u n g chi "Idn" khi tao ra siic
m a n h to Idn Doan ket khdng chi de doan k e t m a chi ed y nghia khi tao siic m a n h de da'u t r a n h va lao ddng, de xay d u n g va bao ve To' qud'c Ndi d u n g chinh cua bai hpc doan k e t ciing ndi den "ngudn sue
m a n h " va "dai t h a n h cdng" Ca hai bai hpc deu ndi den d a n tdc va qudc te; Viet N a m va thbi dai; ben trong
va b e n ngoai va t a p t r u n g vao •viec tao r a sue m a n h Bai hpe sau la ket qua cua bai hpc tnrcie Bai hpe truoc
la n g u d n gd'c cua bai hpe sau Hai bai hpc n a y n e u t a c h rbi thi phan
t r u n g n h a u n h i e u h o n k h a c biet
H a i cau t h o cua Hd Chu Tieh
k h d n g bao gib tach rbi n h a u de neu
rd sir thd'ng n h a t dd: Doan ket doan
k e t , dai d o a n k e t - T h a n h cdng,
t h a n h cdng, dai t h a n h cdng -f- Bai hpe t h i i n a m la quan trpng, can p h a i cd N h u n g dugc viet
" n h a n td' h a n g d a u quyet dinh
t h a n g lgi" H a i tir " h a n g dau" se
d a n tdi v a n de: ebn bai hpc nao niia diing cimg "hang" vdi bai hpc nay Bai hpc t h i i h a i n e u vai trb cua
n h a n d a n ("Chinh n h a n d a n la ngubi Fam n e n nhiing t h ^ n g lpi lich sir") d "hang" nao va nhiing bai hpe
3 6 TUYEN GlAO SCD 10 - 2010
Trang 2Xoa doi, giam ngheo cho dong bdo ddn tpc thieu sd la nhiem
vu hdng ddu dugc neu trong cdc nghi quyet cua Ddng
Anh:TV
cdn lai niia? N h a n d a n va
Dang la hai n h a n td t r u e tiep
ndi ve eon ngubi, n e n can xep
ciing mpt cum v a n de, cd
nghia Fa dua bai hoc t h i i h a i
t h a n h bai hpc diing lien trutie
bai hpc ve D a n g va dien d a t
n h u the nao de h i e u ro:
khdng cd D a n g lanh dao each
m a n g khdng t h a n g lpi; khdng
cd n h a n dan each m a n g cirng
khdng t h a n h edng D a n g va
dan khdng bao gib t a c h rbi
n h a u trong each m a n g Viet
Nam Dien d a t n h u t h e n a o
de khdng venh n h a u giiia cac
qui l u a t pho bien
-t- Cd mpt bai hpe rait Icin va
r a t can eho l a n h dao eua
Dang trong mpi thai ky Dd Fa
bai hpe ve sir van d u n g s a n g
tao va p h a t trie'n ly l u a n Mac
- Lenin, t u t u d n g Hd Chi
Minh, k i n h n g h i e m lich s u
the gicri va Viet N a m vao dae
diem nube ta; l a m t h e nao de
ehu nghia Mae- Lenin, t u
tudng Hd Chi Minh t r d t h a n h
n e n t a n g t u tudng va k i m chi
n a m cho h a n h ddng t r e n thuc
te Chdng nhirng gi, t r a n h nhirng gi va xay nhiing gi de
t a o dugc n a n g lire t u duy khoa hpc, ly l u a n n h a m giai
d a p diing nhiing yeu cau d a t
r a cua t h u c tien Viet N a m Kinh nghiem eua D a n g t a ve
v a n de nay r a t phong phii va cirng la u u diem ndi trdi cd
t i n h t h a i dai Can t a c h bai hpe n a y khdi bai hpc t h i i n a m
de t h a n h bai hpe Idn, bai hpe rieng biet
Bai hpc t h i i n a m can t a n g lieu lugng ve xay d u n g Dang,
n h a t la xay d u n g td chuc
3 - V e "Qua d o l e n c h i i
n g h i a x a h o i 6" n u d e ta"
- Dac t r u n g "Dan giau, nube m a n h " (dac t r u n g t h i i nha't) d a t d day Fa ehua t h a t diing chd v a ndi d u n g c h u a hpp ly, -vi:
Mdt loat nhiing p h a m t r u dugc ke r a n h u t h e van chua
du Cd t h e cdn ke tiep nhirng
p h a m t r u khac: hoa binh, ddc
l a p , t u do, h a n h phiic, p h a t trien (tiep theo s a u "van minh")
Bay dae t r u n g cbn lai dugc
t h u c h i e n se d a t duge m u c tieu "dan giau, nucic manh ";
n e n khdng can n e u muc tieu
d a u tien nay
"Dan chu" la v a n de b a n
k h o a n q u a m a y ky Dai hdi
Nd ehi hpp ly k h i m u c tieu
"dan giau, nude manh " diing doe lap N e u dat vao he
t h d n g dac t r u n g eira ehu nghia xa hdi lai t h a n h phi ly,
•vi tiep lien dd la dac t r u n g
" n h a n d a n l a m chu" (dac
t r u n g t h i i hai), " n h a n d a n
l a m chu" k h a e gi "dan chu"
C h a n g le chu nghia xa hdi cd
h a i t h i i d a n chu T a t ca van
de d a n ehu eua chu nghia xa hdi n e n t a p t r u n g vao ndi
d u n g cua dae t r u n g t h i i hai:
" n h a n d a n l a m ehu"
Chd d i i n g p h u h g p c u a
m u c t i e u "Dan g i a u , n u o c
m a n h " n e n de d cudi m u e
t i e u t o n g q u a t : "tao co sd
l a m cho n u d e t a t r d t h a n h
m p t n u d e xa hoi chu n g h i a
d a n g i a u , n u d e m a n h , d a n chu, cdng b a n g , v a n minh" ( T h a t r a chi ndi, "dan giau,
n u b e m a n h " , h o a e "ddc l a p ,
t u do, h a n h phiic" theo each ndi cua Hd C h u Tich la d a y
d u , k h d n g n e n k e r a l a m thii, gay t h e m r a c rdi t r o n g
n h a n thiie)
Trong h e t h d n g dae t r u n g cua Cuong linh 91 cd mdt van
de q u a n t r p n g k h d n g dugc ghi lai: "con ngubi dugc giai
p h d n g khdi a p biic, bdc lot,
b a t cdng, l a m theo n a n g lire,
h u d n g theo lao ddng" N h a n
TUYEN GlAO SO 10-2010 3 7
Trang 3d a n Viet N a m di t h e o D a n g
l a m each m a n g tir n a m 1930
la do cd p h a n h a p d a n Icrii cua
k h a u h i e u chien luge n a y
Vay nd edn diing n i i a h a y
khdng Giai thich t h e n a o
trong thue tien hien nay de cd
siic t h u y e t p h u e T r d n g ebb
eira n h a n dan Fa bao gib dieu
dd dugc t h u c h i e n C u m tir
"cd eupe sdng a m no, t u do,
h a n h phiic " c h u a ndi du
k h a t vpng n e u t r e n v a c h u a
p h a n biet dugc vcri chir n g h i a
xa hdi d a n chu
- Bdi e a n h qudc te duge
t r i n h b a y rd n e t Tuy n h i e n
cd nhiing tir ngii va ndi d u n g
can dieu ehinh, bd sung: "Cae
m a u t h u a n eo b a n t r e n t h e
gidi", n e n viet: "Cac m a u
t h u a n hien nay eua thcri dai"
va •viet rd ndi d u n g cac m a u
t h u a n ay La Cuong linh cua
thbi ky q u a dp, k h d n g n e n bd
qua ndi d u n g m a u t h u a n eira
thbi dai, vi nd Fa mdt can cii
de h i e u n h i e u v a n de chien
luge va ehu t r u o n g , chinh
sach cua Dang
N e n bd "(trudc d a y ) " d
"Lien Xd ( t r u b e day)" Vi
k h d n g cd h a i Lien Xd sao lai
p h a n b i e t "trudc", "sau"
Khdng ai ndi nube "Dai v i e t
(trudc day)", ciing n h u
k h d n g viet nude "Tiep K h a c
(trudc day)"
- De cap nhiing t h u a n lpi
eua Viet N a m di len chu
nghia xa hdi (sau n h u n g dae
trung) n h u n g k h d n g n e u khd
k h a n se d a n tcri chu q u a n ,
m a t canh giae khi hoach dinh
dubng ldi, chinh saeh T h u c
te eua nube ta, khd k h a n
khdng phai it, t i n h t h e nguy
hiem ludn ludn t d n t a i
t h u o n g dugc gpi Fa nguy co
C a n t r i n h bay day du, nhiing tdn t a i k h a c h q u a n ay
- Ve phutmg hucriig eo ban:
Tir "gan lien" trong "cdng nghiep hoa, h i e n dai hoa gan lien vcri p h a t trie'n k i n h te tri thiic" se l a m ngubi dpc h i e u
k i n h t e t r i thiic n a m ngoai cdng nghiep hoa hien dai boa
N e n t h a y b a n g tir khae
V a n de lien m i n h cdng, ndng, t r i thiic - n e n t a n g h e
t h d n g ehinh t r i - e h u a dupc
n h a e den d day va nhirng ncri cSn t h i e t k h a c t r o n g cutmg linh
4 N h i i n g d i n h h u d n g
I o n v e p h a t t r i e n k i n h t e ,
v a n h o a , x a h o i , q u d c
p h o n g , a n n i n h , ddi n g o a i
- Ve v a n h o a , c a n ndi rd
n e n t a n g t u t u d n g h a y cdt ldi
t u t u d n g ehi dao mpi b o a t ddng c u a nd V a n h o a bao gdm n h i e u ndi d u n g , n h i e u loai h i n h h o a t ddng, n e u
k h d n g cd diem t u a t u t u d n g
se p h a t t r i e n t u y t i e n v a
p h a n t a n Tdn t r p n g t i n h d a
d a n g c u a v a n h o a la dirng,
n h u n g c a n g da d a n g c a n g
p h a i d i n h h u d n g rd mcri t a p
t r u n g cho "siic m a n h npi
s i n h " n h a m tdi m u c dich
"phue vu cd h i e u q u a sir
n g h i e p xay d u n g va bao ve
Td qud'c"
- Ve xa hoi Q u a n n i e m
t r u d c day vcri ndi d u n g b a n
h e p n e n ehi t h u c h i e n "chinh sach" Q u a n n i e m h i e n n a y dugc m d r d n g t h a n h "chien luge" eon ngubi Vira p h a t
h u y tiem lire eua cac giai cap,
d a n toe, tdn giao, kieu bao a nude ngoai de t a o siic
m a n h xay d u n g va bao ve Td
qud'c vira c h a m lo n a n g eao cibi sd'ng v a t c h a t v a t i n h
t h a n cua mpi ngubi, t h u c
h i e n t i m g budc m u c tieu chien luge eua chu n g h i a xa hpi
Vl vay p h a i eoi day Fa van
de chien luge n h u cae chie'n luge k i n h t e , v a n boa Thieu
t a m n h i n chien luge v a n de
x a hpi se a n h h u d n g den cae linh 'VUC b o a t dpng khae Lai eang khdng n e n eoi van de xa hdi "an theo" v a n de kinh te,
v a n de v a n hoa de •viet "kinh
te - xa hpi", "van boa - xa hdi", k h d n g coi van de xa hpi tdn tai ddc lap Do vay de van
de v a n hoa va xa hdi gdp
c h u n g vao m u c 6 la khdng hpp ly C a n de m u c 7 cho van
de x a hdi va bd tir "chinh sach" trudc cum tir "chinh
s a c h xa hdi diing dan" thay
b a n g tir k h a c Cd the la
"chien luge" h a y "dirbng ldi", hoae "van de"
Qudc p h d n g va an n i n h di lien n h a u b a n g d a u ndi (-) la
h g p ly C a u cudi eimg eua
" m u c t i e u , n h i e m vu qudc
p h o n g v a a n n i n h " n e n bd
s u n g c u m tir "va sir u n g hd tieh cue eua n h a n dan" de
t h a n h cau: "Tang cubng sir
l a n h dao t u y e t ddi, t r u e tiep
ve mpi m a t eua D a n g , sir
q u a n ly t a p t r u n g thdng
n h a t c u a N h a nube va s u
i m g ho tieh cue eua n h a n
d a n ddi vdi Q u a n dpi, Cdng
a n n h a n d a n , va s u nghiep qud'c p h o n g - a n ninh"
- Ve d u b n g Idd ddd ngoai Chi ndi mdt chieu hpp tac khdng ndi chieu d a u t r a n h la
s u ne t r a n h tao t h e b a t lpi ve
p h i a ta, trudc b e t la n h i i n g '
3 8 I TUYEN GlAO SO 10 - 2010
Trang 4ngubi l a m cdng tac ddi ngoai
Trong t h u c te t a d a da'u
t r a n h va lire lugng chd'ng ddd
cd y thiie day du d a n g r a siie
chdng p h a sir nghiep cua d a n
tpc t a N e t r a n h q u a n d e m
•vira hop t a c •vira da'u t r a n h se
dan tdi nhirng sai l a m khac
5 H e t h d n g c h i n h tri v a
vai tro l a n h d a o c u a D a n g
- Xay d u n g M a t t r a n Td'
qudc ciing c a n n h a n m a n h
vai t r b k h d i l i e n r n i n h
cdng, n d n g , t r i t h i r c - m d t
n g u y e n ly t u y e t ddi d u n g
t r o n g x a y d u n g k h d i d a i
d o a n k e t d a n tdc
- Ve D a n g Cdng s a n Viet
Nam • Trudc k h i viet ve t u
tudng Hd Chi Minh can viet
ve khai niem chir nghia
Mac-Lenin vi h i e n n a y k h d n g it
nhirng n h a n thirc m o hd,
chdng chenh hoae g i a m siit
long tin ddi vcri ly l u a n n e n
t a n g nay C h u n g h i a Mae
-Lenin la gi, k h d n g p h a i ai
cirng hieu va ndi diing H i e n
nay dang ddn siic nghien ciiu
t u tudng Hd Chi Minh n e n ed
p h a n lo la n g h i e n ciiu ehu
nghia Mae- Lenin C h a y theo
phong trao Fa b e n h k i n h nien
khd chira eira chiing ta
Trinh bay t u tudng Hd Chi
Minh nen giu n h u Nghi Dai
hdi IX d 2 die'm: N e n cd tir
"Fa" trutic "ket qua cua sir v a n
dung v a n hoa n h a n loai"
Doan nay coi la dinh nghia t u
tudng Hd Chi Minh Sau "van
hoa n h a n loai" n e n x u d n g
dbng de -viet: "Tu t u d n g Hd
Chi Minh la di s a n t u
tudng " Day la d a n h gia cua
khach quan D a n h gia du cao
den m a y cirng k h d n g t h u d e
ndi h a m cua k h a i n i e m
Chiing t a can ed m d t dinh nghia thdng n h a t ve t u tudng
Hd Chi Minh Dinh nghia eira dai hdi IX da duge dn dinh
N e u cuong linh d u t h a o bd
s u n g va p h a t t r i e n l a n n a y
m u d n eoi doan "ket qua eua
s u v a n dung v a n hoa n h a n loai" la chii thich cua m e n h
de t r e n dd ("tu t u d n g Hd Chi
M i n h la eua each m a n g Viet N a m " t h i n e n ed gaeh
n g a n g (-) d trudc "ket qua" de
cd t h e bao gdm dugc cac d a u
p h a y (,) s a u dd
P h a n "Dang l a n h dao bang " cbn l u n g cung, chua siie tieh, t h i e u Idgie Can •viet lai rd hon de de n a m bat Cd
h a i diem can l u u y t h e m :
"Dang l a n h dao b a n g cuong linh, chien lirgc, cac dinh
h u o n g ve chinh sach va chu
t r u o n g Icm" Xua nay t h u d n g viet "ehu trucmg" trude
"ehinh saeh", vi q u a n niem ehu t r u o n g ed npi d u n g rdng
va 1cm hon ehinh saeh N e n viet "Chu t r u o n g va ehinh
sach Icrii" Da "\6n" nen khdng
can "cae dinh hudng"
"Lanh dao b a n g cuong linh, chien lupe " Chien luge, ehu truong, chinh sach
la npi d u n g eira cuong linh va cac v a n kien k h a c cua Dang
"Xep h a n g " v a n k i e n va ndi
d u n g cua nd eung loai la
k h d n g on Cd t h e viet: "Dang
l a n h dao b a n g cuong linh va cac van kien khae gdm nhiing
v a n de chien luge va cae chu truong, chinh saeh Idn" C a u
"Dang t h u o n g xuyen n a n g eao n a n g lire cam quyen va
h i e u q u a l a n h dao" dat d day
la thira, 'vi d a n g t r i n h bay npi
d u n g cua l a n h dao
T r o n g p h a n cudi ve xay
d u n g D a n g mcri de cap den
d a u t r a n h ndi bd can t h e m
d a u t r a n h chdng n h i i n g t a c ddng tir ben ngoai, nhiing am
m u u chdng D a n g cua cac the lire t h u dieh Trong dau t r a n h noi bd can n e u rd t h e m nhirng h i e n tupng thoai hoa, bien c h a t va t h a m n h u n g
N h a n d a n r a t q u a n t a m va lo lang den van de nay
C a n n e u t h e m v a n de
D a n g cd n h i e m •vu d a u t r a n h
de bao ve va p h a t t r i e n ly
l u a n , ddng thdi n e u rd chu nghia Qudc te cua Dang
N h i n chung, d u t h a o cuong linh bo s u n g va p h a t
t r i e n cd n h i i n g v a n de can
b a n t h e m :
- Cuong linh ehua the hien
rd lpi ieh eua nhirng ngubi lao ddng, e h u a p h a n a n h rd chu nghia xa hdi la giai phdng xa hoi, giai cap va cbn ngutri
- C h u a t h e hien diing t a m
q u a n t r p n g cua khdi lien
m i n h cdng, ndng, t r i thirc -lire lugng quyet dinh s u tdn tai cua Dang va che dp xa hdi
- C h u a p h a n a n h d i i n g ndi lo t h u a n g t r u e cua t o a n
d a n ve b a o ve To qudc, d a c
b i e t la b a o ve bien gidi, h a i
d a o , d a t r i r n g (cho t h u e ) ;
b a o ve D a n g t r u d c n g u y ca
t h o a i b o a b i e n c h a t v a che
dp x a hdi cdn n o n t r e Viee " m e m h o a " n h i r n g
v a n de c h i n h t r i la c a n
t h i e t , n h u n g tir dd di d e n
r u t r e , n e t r a n h n h i i n g
q u a n d i e m co b a n , can ciing
r a n , se g i a m siit y chi p h a n
d a u c u a t o a n dan /
TUYEN GlAOSCD 10-2010 3 9 ,