Old School for the New School- Discussing the Importance of Motow

Louisiana State UniversityLSU Digital Commons 3-18-2019 Old School for the New School: Discussing the Importance of Motown Records in American Music History Crystal Darcell Birdsong cbir

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Louisiana State University

LSU Digital Commons

3-18-2019

Old School for the New School: Discussing the

Importance of Motown Records in American

Music History

Crystal Darcell Birdsong

cbirds7@lsu.edu

Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations

Part of the Composition Commons

This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons It has been accepted for inclusion inLSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons For more information, please contactgradetd@lsu.edu

Recommended Citation

Birdsong, Crystal Darcell, "Old School for the New School: Discussing the Importance of Motown Records in American Music

History" (2019) LSU Doctoral Dissertations 4868.

https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/4868

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OLD SCHOOL FOR THE NEW SCHOOL: DISCUSSING THE IMPORTANCE

OF MOTOWN RECORDS IN AMERICAN MUSIC HISTORY

A Dissertation

Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College

In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy

in The School of Music

by Crystal Darcell Birdsong B.M., Centenary College of Louisiana, 2012 M.M Louisiana State University, 2016

May 2019

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ACKNOWLEGDMENTS

First, I would like to thank Dr Dinos Constantinides, who has provided a stellar

academic experience for me from start to finish, as well as pushing me to be a better composer and scholar each and every day I would also like to thank Professor Michael Gurt for shaping

me into a better pianist and performer, as well as providing insight and encouragement every step

of the way A special thank you goes out to Dr Alison McFarland for being a most excellent example of representation, and reminding me that I can one day go above and beyond in the world of academia just by being myself I would also like to thank Dr Carmela Mattza for your positive feedback and encouragement Lastly, I would like to thank God for my incredibly gracious and loving parents I am not the person I am today without the love and support that blooms from them I am a strong, proud, African American woman because they raised me to be

I am forever grateful

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLDEGEMENTS……… ii ABSTRACT……….iv

CHAPTER 1 MYSTERY SYMPHONY NO 1 BY CRYSTAL

BIRDSONG………1

CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION AND BRIEF COMPARISON OF TWO NOT

SO DISTANT WORLDS…….………68 CHAPTER 3 THE SCHOOL THAT PAVED THE WAY……… …….….72 CHAPTER 4 THE INCEPTION OF MOTOWN’S VOICE……… … 80

CHAPTER 5 FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION WITHIN THE CIVIL

RIGHTS MOVEMENT……… ………86

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND FINAL

REMARKS…….……… … ……… 92 BIBLIOGRAPHY……… 94 VITA………96

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contribution to music history and history in general is so innovative The goal is to find parallels between this subject matter and that which is heavily discussed in academia: Schoenberg and his cultural contribution to 20th century music It is extremely important that his methods of

composition and cultural background be discussed However, if similarities are made and proven that certain struggles are apparent, and that art was the means to break those molds, then it would

be a step in the direction

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CHAPTER 1 MYSTERY SYMPHONY NO 1 BY CRYSTAL BIRDSONG

The Mystery Symphony No.1 is a body of work that was influenced by bridging the gap between multiple influences The main influences for this piece include the flare of Ludwig van Beethoven, Edward Elgar, and Igor Stravinsky There are also subtle hints of Nikolai Rimsky-

Korsakov’s Scheherazade The inspiration of Beethoven was acquired by studying various

works, specifically his piano sonatas through years of piano research One thing Beethoven is admired for is the subtle changes he makes in the recapitulation sections of his works They are not always full on variations, but the changes (key structure, slight rhythmic changes, addition of

a coda, etc.) are a nod to the original exposition This symphony is mostly a free form, but there

is a reinstatement of the “exposition” in the “recapitulation” section at the end Edward Elgar’s

influence is shaped by the Enigma Variations The entire piece itself is not in fact a variation,

but it was always believed that a hidden message or theme took residence within Elgar’s variated masterpiece Because scholars are not one-hundred percent sure just what the hidden message could be, it could also be interpreted as an “enigma.” Furthermore, one of the enigmas in this symphony includes a few musical homages, or “nods” to other famous pieces if observed The

most obvious enigma is Igor Stravinsky’s Dance of The Adolescents from the ballet, Rite of

Spring That is not to say that it quotes Rite of Spring, but it provides a satirical approach to the

era in which it was written The rest of the enigmas within the piece remain hidden, which bows

its head to honor Elgar’s Enigma Variations Rimsky-Korsakov’s influence is mentioned

because of the similar tonal and rhythmic relation between the first movement of the

Scheherazade Again, nothing is actually quoted from these great works; it simply honors them

in a satirical way That is a huge part of the enigma Mystery Symphony No 1 is 20 minutes in length Instrumentation is as follows:

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CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION AND BRIEF COMPARISON OF TWO

NOT SO DISTANT WORLDS

When researcher dives into the topic of 20th century music, one would immediately

reference one of the most affective blueprints of modern music: The Second Viennese School If

quantitative research on music students at the collegiate level of their studies in regards to music history is taking place, a deduction could be made that 20th century music could not be properly taught without mentioning the era of the Second Viennese school.1 Technique, sound, and a rich history of the composers that made the Second Viennese School possible is one of many paths that help shape and bridge the gap between music history, music theory, and music composition.2

How could this be compared to a later, but distinct sound of the 20th century within another culture? How can the rhythmically rich and unique sound of Motown fit into music history and composition today?

The purpose of this study is to take a look at Motown Records and view it as a viable subject of study within composition and music history because of its contribution to an entire culture, much like the what Schoenberg did with the Second Viennese School Also, it is

important to look at Motown Records and its place in 20th century music history

What exactly is the “Motown sound?” How is that sound organized and can it be

organized? How does it stand out? Unfortunately, due to the cultural majority that is immersed within Motown Records, it could be believed that some perceive it as something that is not important enough to study or review It is not just because it is linked to what others believe to

be as popular music This is certainly not the case The argument made is to prove that just

1Smith, Joan A Schoenberg and His Circle: a Viennese Portrait Schirmer Books Pg 15

2 Smith,P pg 21

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