Vietnam - EU trade, policy information, market information, business information with many reliable data and in-depth assessments for a number of typical export items such as wood and wo
The significance of the study
Effective August 1, 2020, the EVFTA marks Vietnam’s nearly decade-long journey from the start of negotiations to signing, culminating in a comprehensive, high-quality agreement that balances the interests of Vietnam and the European Union and aligns with WTO rules With a strong commitment to market openness, the EVFTA is poised to boost Vietnam’s GDP, projected to grow by an average of about 2.18–3.25% during 2019–2023.
4.57-5.30% (2024-2028) and 7.07-7.72% (2029-2033) In terms of exports, the Agreement will promote further expansion of the market for Vietnamese exports
A study by Vietnam's Ministry of Planning and Investment estimates that the EVFTA will lift Vietnam’s exports to the EU by about 20% by 2020, 42.7% by 2025, and 44.37% by 2030 compared with a scenario without the agreement This growth is driven by the commitment to eliminate import taxes on nearly all tariffs and by the bilateral trade value commitments reached between Vietnam and the EU The resulting export opportunities are especially favorable for Vietnamese products, with fisheries identified as a key industry that stands to gain substantially and play a major role in the national economy.
This is also one of the potential products that Vietnam exports to Europe
In the past time, there have been a number of research projects on EVFTA such as:
During the first quarter of 2021, Vietnam’s textile, garment, and footwear sectors were analyzed to gauge the EVFTA-driven growth potential as the EU–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement began implementation The study finds that the EVFTA already had a meaningful, positive impact, helping to restore Vietnam’s exports to the EU market despite the Covid-19 pandemic With the EU severely affected by lockdowns and reduced demand for non-essential goods, including textiles, leather and footwear, the agreement provided a critical boost that supported a turnaround in export performance, particularly in the last five months of the period studied Together, these trends show the EVFTA’s role in sustaining and expanding Vietnam’s textile, garment, and footwear exports to the European Union.
An overview analysis of Vietnam–EU trade through 2020 and the first quarter of 2021 provides policy, market, and business intelligence, with reliable data and in-depth assessments of key export items such as wood and wood products, vegetables and fruits Publications like the Journal “Vietnam–EU Trade in the First Quarter of 2021” and the Business Manual “EVFTA and Vietnam’s Fruit and Vegetable Industry” explain EVFTA commitments in detail, analyze their impact on the fruit and vegetable sector, and offer opportunities, challenges, and concrete, practical recommendations for Vietnamese exporters and enterprises.
Although numerous studies have assessed the impact of the EVFTA on various Vietnamese export sectors, there has been no follow-up analysis focused specifically on Vietnam's seafood exports This gap in the literature prompted the author to delve deeper and examine how the EVFTA affects Vietnam's seafood trade By concentrating on seafood exports, the study aims to understand changes in market access, competitiveness, and export performance under the agreement The goal is to provide evidence-based insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers seeking to comprehend EVFTA implications for Vietnam's seafood sector This analysis thus fills an important research void and contributes to the broader understanding of EVFTA's sectoral effects in Vietnam.
Research purpose and tasks
Target
The project is implemented to research impact and propose solutions to help Vietnam's seafood export industry make effective use of the commitments of the EVFTA.
Mission
To achieve the above objectives, the topic focuses on solving 3 main tasks:
- Clarifying trade relations between Vietnam and EU from 1995 to present
- Analyze the impact of the EVFTA on Vietnam's seafood exports to the EU
- Proposing recommendations and solutions to promote Vietnam's seafood industry in the context of joining EVFTA
Research scope
Time
Actual data of the seafood industry for analysis related to the impact of the EVFTA Agreement will be carried out when the Agreement comes into force
Space
Impact of the EVFTA Agreement on Vietnam's seafood exports to the EU.
The methodology
The article applies scientific research methods including: statistical methods, data collection, analysis and synthesis methods, qualitative methods
Using statistical methods, the data collection process synthesizes economic data across related countries to produce accurate results The approach also collects secondary data from diverse sources, including books and newspapers, specialized magazines, proceedings of scientific conferences, reports from research institutions, and websites of enterprises, ministries, departments, branches, as well as domestic and foreign press agencies.
Using analytical and synthetic methods, this study uses statistical analysis and synthesis to present the positive and negative effects of the EVFTA on Vietnam's seafood industry, drawing conclusions and forecasting implications for trade and production Building on these findings, the discussion offers actionable recommendations to strengthen and promote the textile supply chain in Vietnam, addressing policy, infrastructure, and market opportunities under the EVFTA to enhance competitiveness and resilience.
Qualitative research methods center on expert consultation, in-depth discussions, and interviews with subjects who are embedded in the field of study Researchers, managers from the Ministry of Planning and Investment, and faculty members from the Academy of Policy and Development participate to provide diverse perspectives and validate the findings This approach yields nuanced insights that reflect real-world experiences and inform policy and development strategies.
Structure of thesis
The structure consists of 3 chapters:
Chapter 1: Overview of Vietnam-EU trade relations from 1995 to present Chapter 2: Impact of the EVFTA on some groups of Vietnamese exports to the
EU Chapter 3: Some recommendations and solutions to improve the efficiency of taking advantage of commitments from EVFTA
OVERVIEW OF EU-VIETNAM TRADE ECONOMIC AND
Overview of EU-Vietnam economic and trade relations
The European Union (EU) was born in a rather special situation, it was a
"ruined" Western Europe after World War II (1954) in which the warring country was the largest country (Germany) Therefore, the main goal of the founders of the
The European Union was created to build lasting peace across Europe and to prevent conflicts on the continent It aimed to eliminate the historic enmity between Germany and France, the two neighboring powers, by fostering direct cooperation and shared institutions By tightening ties among member states and promoting common interests, the EU seeks to ensure security and stability throughout Europe.
Over the past six decades, the European Union has grown from six founding members to 28 member states, while achieving deep economic integration across five stages: a free trade area, a customs union, a single market, a monetary union, and an economic union The bloc has also made significant strides in institutional reform and policymaking, strengthened its foreign and security policy, and expanded its authority.
Today, the European Union is widely regarded as the world's most successful international organization, having evolved from primarily economic links into a broad socio-political network anchored in supranational institutions, while preserving the independent role of its member states In the current period, the EU's socio-economic development is characterized by deeper economic integration, coordinated policy frameworks, and expanded regulatory harmonization, alongside strengthened political cooperation and shared governance that maintain sovereignty while delivering growth, stability, and social cohesion for its citizens.
In terms of area: Currently, the EU's land area is 4.48 million km2, accounting for 3.38% of the whole world However, there is also a large difference in land area between countries (the area of the largest country (France) is 1,753 times larger than that of the smallest country (Malta)
Economic: Currently, the EU is the largest economic union in the world In
2019, the union's GDP at current exchange rates reached 15,593 billion USD4, accounting for approximately 20% of the world GDP However, the income gap between member countries is relatively large, the GDP of EU15 countries such as Germany, UK and France is very high, while those of recent entrants (mainly former Eastern European countries) has a relatively low standard of living
Population: In 2020, the population of the EU is expected to reach 448 million people However, the population size of the countries is also quite high
Regarding living standards, the European Union recorded a GDP per capita of 37,642 per person per year in 2019, signaling the overall level of economic well-being across member states Yet, like GDP, there are sizable income differences between countries, reflecting uneven prosperity within the EU These figures illuminate the EU market’s characteristics, including diverse income levels, varying consumer demand, and regional variations in economic strength that shape business opportunities across the union.
The EU is one of the biggest partnership of Vietnam’s trade, during the last years, this region always makes up for a large percentage of Vietnam’s exports
Vietnam–EU trade cooperation has grown rapidly and effectively since 2000, building a resilient partnership that supports both sides and fuels regional development 2020 marks 30 years since Vietnam and the European Union officially established diplomatic relations, a milestone in the context of shifting Asia–Europe dynamics Throughout this three-decade journey, the Vietnam–EU relationship has continually advanced, reaching important milestones, contributing to EU growth, and marking a new milestone in Vietnam’s international integration The achievements of this cooperation provide a solid foundation for a promising new chapter in bilateral relations.
In 2019, two-way trade between Vietnam and the EU reached 49.8 billion USD, with Vietnam exporting 35.8 billion USD Vietnam held a 1.8% market share and ranked 11th among the EU’s top exporting countries Looking ahead, Vietnam’s exports to the EU are expected to benefit from demand in key sectors, including textiles, footwear, agro-forestry-fishery products, and plastic products.
Vietnam's exports to the EU market remain strong, with the EU-27 ranking as one of Vietnam's top export destinations behind only the United States and China In EU-27 trade terms, Vietnam is the 17th-largest trading partner worldwide, the 8th-largest in Asia, and the second-largest partner among ASEAN economies.
With 27 member states, the EU represents a single market characterized by diverse consumption patterns and steady demand for a wide range of goods Although customs regimes and consumer behaviors differ across countries, Western and Northern Europe share economic and cultural traits, leading to broadly similar levels of socio-economic development and common consumer preferences Imported products entering the EU must meet strict standards for quality, origin, and design, along with high levels of hygiene and safety European consumers also tend to favor world-renowned brands, associating well-known names with proven quality and long-standing reputations, which makes branded products a preferred choice for reassurance and peace of mind.
The EU market is highly selective, with European consumers and importers maintaining high expectations for goods sourced from abroad EU buyers are generally more cautious and conservative than those in other major markets such as the United States, ASEAN, and China To protect both consumers and the environment, EU import policies enforce strict technical standards across food hygiene and safety, animal and plant health quarantine, good agricultural practices, organic farming, and eco-labeling.
The EU is a consumer protection market that places safety and health at the top of its priorities It safeguards product safety by screening goods at production sites and maintaining an EU-wide alert system among member states for toxic risks, while enforcing border controls to intercept unsafe products Through national or European standard regulations, the EU bans the trade of goods produced under conditions that fail to meet its safety benchmarks It operates very strict labeling rules, especially for foods, beverages, pharmaceuticals, and silk fabrics The consumer-protection framework also regulates ingredients and preservation, packaging practices, and strictly enforces against improper packaging, smuggled products, and copyright infringements.
Imports from non-EU countries have consistently risen, underscoring the EU’s status as a large and promising market Yet entering and sustaining a presence in the EU is not easy, as imported goods face significant barriers and competition Exporting to the EU market experiences intense competitive pressure due to a concentration of producers and exporters worldwide who are increasingly targeting this lucrative market To succeed, exporters must navigate these dynamics and capitalize on the EU’s substantial growth potential.
1.1.2 Overview of the cooperation relationship between Vietnam and the
Vietnam and the European Union established diplomatic relations on November 28, 1990, and since then their partnership has grown within a comprehensive framework, expanding rapidly in breadth and depth across political, economic, and cultural ties.
The European Union is one of Vietnam's most important partners across multiple sectors, especially in economy, trade, and investment, and it actively contributes to the country's socio-economic development and its international economic integration.
Vietnam-EU trade relation from 1995 to now
1.2.1 The current situation of Vietnam-EU trade relations in recent years
Overview of Vietnam's goods exports to the EU
The European Union accounts for a large share of Vietnam's exports, making the EU a central trading partner for Vietnam Trade relations between Vietnam and the European Union have grown steadily since 2000, becoming more expansive and mutually beneficial over time By 2020, this partnership reached a notable milestone that underscored the depth and significance of their economic ties.
Celebrating the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Vietnam and the European Union (EU), this milestone highlights three decades of robust Vietnam–EU relations and cooperation Despite global fluctuations and the shifting Asia–Europe landscape, the Vietnam–EU partnership has continually advanced, achieving important milestones and contributing to the EU’s development while accelerating Vietnam’s international integration These achievements provide a solid foundation for a promising new chapter in bilateral relations.
Figure 1.1 - The total import and export volumn between Vietnam and EU, period 2015 - first 10 months of 2020 (Unit: million USD)
Source: General Department of Customs
Table 1.1 - Value of exports and imports by continent and country in the first nine months of 2020 and compared to the same period in 2019
Source: General Department of Customs
Regarding export market structure: The main exporting countries of
Vietnam’s presence in the EU market remains focused on traditional destinations such as the Netherlands, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Belgium and Poland Among these markets with export values exceeding 1 billion USD are the Netherlands (6.88 billion USD, down 2.89% vs 2018), Germany (6.56 billion USD, down 4.63%), France (3.76 billion USD, down 0.01%), Italy (3.44 billion USD, up 18.46%), Austria (3.27 billion USD, up 19.93%), Spain (2.72 billion USD, up 3.38%), Belgium (2.55 billion USD, up 5.83%), Poland (1.50 billion USD, up 12.42%), and Sweden (1.18 billion USD, up 2.39%).
Table 1.2 - Top EU markets Vietnam exported over 1 billion USD in 2019
Number Market Value of export in
Increase/Decrease in comparison with
Source: General Department of Customs
Vietnam–EU trade features a highly complementary export–import structure with minimal direct competition, reflecting the distinct strengths of each economy Vietnam exports to the EU a broad range of goods—phones and components, computers and electronic products and components, textiles, aquatic products, and other machinery, equipment, tools, and spare parts—while the EU exports to Vietnam machinery, equipment, tools and spare parts; medicines; computers and electronic products and components; and chemicals This mutual specialization underpins robust bilateral trade flows and signals strong potential for continued growth in Vietnam–EU commerce.
Vietnam’s export profile in 2019 was led by phones and components at around US$12.21 billion, which declined 7.23%, followed by footwear at US$5.03 billion, up 7.51%, and computers, electronic products and components at US$4.66 billion, rising 8.13% Textiles and garments reached US$4.26 billion, up 3.90%, while machinery, equipment, tools and spare parts climbed to US$2.51 billion, an increase of 21.63% Seafood products totaled US$1.25 billion, down 13.07%, and coffee at US$1.16 billion, down 14.91% The fastest-growing categories in 2019 included plastic materials at US$19.13 million, up 235.42%; paper and paper products at US$13.94 million, up 175.56%; cameras, camcorders and components at US$30.70 million, up 139.83%; electrical wires and cables at US$31.10 million, up 139.83%; and tea at US$8.20 million, up 132.98% By contrast, several export segments weakened, such as iron and steel of all kinds at US$238.28 million, down 33.98%, and chemicals at US$38.35 million, down 16.83%, with rubber at about US$113.77 million also experiencing slower growth.
USD, down 11.37%), seafood (1.25 billion USD, down 13.07%) and coffee (1.16 billion USD, down 14.91%)
Table 1.3 - Export structure of some main products of Vietnam to the EU market in the period of 2017-2019
8 Bag, wallet, vali, hat, umbrella 0,88 0,93 0,97 +3,9%
10 Means of transport and spare parts 0,70 0,67 0,81 +21,2%
Vietnam faced significant challenges exporting to the EU during the Covid-19 pandemic, but the EVFTA promises rapid tariff elimination—nearly 100% as soon as it takes effect—unlocking stronger Vietnam–EU trade This tariff relief is driving a rebound in export volumes, with August 2020 marking a milestone as Vietnamese exports to the EU reached 3.25 billion USD, up 300 million USD from July Source: General Department of Customs.
Continuing the growth momentum of August, export turnover to the market in September continued to maintain a strong increase with 14.4% over the same period in 2019
By the end of September 2020, Vietnamese exporters issued nearly 15,000 EUR.1 Certificates of Origin (C/O), enabling export turnover of about 700 million USD to 28 EU member countries The goods most commonly granted EUR.1 certificates include footwear, seafood, plastics and plastic products, coffee, textiles, bags and suitcases, vegetables, and rattan and bamboo products, as well as knitwear and agricultural products Most of these exports target EU markets with seaports and major distribution and transshipment centers, particularly Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, and France.
IMPACT OF THE EVFFTA ON SOME GROUP OF
Overview of the EVFTA Agreement
In October 2010, the Prime Minister of Vietnam and the President of the European Union agreed to begin negotiations on a Vietnam–EU Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) after both sides completed the necessary technical work, signaling a move toward deeper economic integration between Vietnam and the EU This milestone aims to expand market access, reduce trade barriers, and strengthen bilateral cooperation through a comprehensive agreement that benefits businesses and consumers on both sides.
Following the direction of the two Leaders, Vietnam and the EU officially announced the start of negotiations for the EVFTA Agreement on June 26, 2012
After nearly three years of negotiations, including 14 official rounds and numerous discussions at the ministerial level and among delegation heads and technical groups, Vietnam and the European Union reached an agreement in principle on the core provisions of the EU–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) The two sides formally signed the EVFTA on June 30, 2019, and the agreement entered into force on August 1, 2020.
2.1.2 The main comitments of EVFTA
EVFTA, like the CPTPP, is a new-generation trade agreement that offers wide and high-level commitments The pact comprises 17 chapters and two protocols, establishing a comprehensive framework for deeper EU–Vietnam economic integration Its key areas of commitment include tariff elimination and enhanced market access, rules of origin, trade facilitation, and the harmonization of standards, along with sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical barriers to trade It also covers services and investment liberalization, competition policy and state-owned enterprises, intellectual property rights, public procurement, and ecommerce, all underpinned by robust regulatory cooperation and dispute settlement mechanisms to support sustainable development.
Exporting goods between two sides + general terms (called written commitments); and + specific tariff schedules (called market access commitments)
+ Determining common rules of origin + specific rules of origin for certain goods
The Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS)
The Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
Trade in services (the text is related to general regulations and commitments to open markets)
+ General provisions (called written commitments); and + Specific tariff scheduled on opening service market (called market access commitments)
Investment + General principles of investor treatment + Dispute settlement mechanism between the State and foreign investors
Trade and Sustainable Development (including environment, labor),
Collaboration and capacity development Below is a summary of the key issues in EVFTA:
1.1 Commitment to open the EU commodity market
Under the EU–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement, once it takes effect the EU will immediately eliminate import duties on about 85.6% of tariff lines, representing around 70.3% of Vietnam's exports to the EU Seven years after entry into force, import taxes will be eliminated on 99.2% of tariff lines, covering about 99.7% of Vietnam's export turnover to the EU For the remaining 0.3% of export turnover, the EU commits a tariff-rate quota with zero import tax within the quota.
Under the Vietnam–EU Free Trade Agreement, almost all of Vietnam’s exports to the EU will be tariff-free within a short transition period, delivering the most expansive tariff liberalization a partner has offered in any signed FTA to date Because the EU remains one of Vietnam’s two largest export markets, this tariff elimination represents a highly meaningful economic benefit for Vietnamese exporters.
Table 2.1 - Summary of EU open-door commitments for some important commodity groups of Vietnam Commitment The tariff commitment of EU to Vietnam Group of Agricultural - Aquatic products
Aquatic products (except for canned tuna and fish balls)
About 50% of tariff lines will be removed immediately when the agreement takes effect
According to a schedule of 3 to 7 years, the remaining 50% of tariff lines will be eliminated
EU will aplly tariff quotas for canned tuna and fish balls 11,500 tons and 500 tons, respectively
Rice Applying the tariff rate quota mechanism, imports within the quotas enjoy a tariff rate of 0%
The total quota is 80,000 tons, specifically: unmiiled rice, milled rice, and fragrant rice are 20,000; 30,000; 30,000 tons, respectively
For broken rice, the import dutieswill be completely eliminated after 5 years and rice products is 3-5 years’ schedule
Coffee When Agreement comes into force, import duties will be completely eliminated
Sugar For white sugar, EU will aplly 10,000 tons of tariff rate quota, and products contain more than 80% sugar is also 10,000 tons
Natural honey Import duties will be completely eliminated as soon as the
Fresh and processed fruit and vegetable products, fruit juices, fresh flowers
Import duties will be completely eliminated as soon as the Agreement comes into force
EU applies tariff quota commitments for some Vietnamese products
Processed poultry eggs: 500 tons Garlic: 400 tons
Sweet corn: 5,000 tons Tapioca: 30,000 tons Mushrooms: 350 tons
Ethyl alcohol: 1,000 tons Other chemical products (mannitol, sorbitol, dextrins, ):
Textile 42.5% of tariff lines of import duties of will be removed when Agreement comes into force
Import duties of the remainder will be eliminated according to a schedule of 3-7 years
Import duties of about 83% of tariff lines will be eliminated as soon as the Agreement comes into force
For the remaining 17% of import duites (including particle boards, fiber boards and plywood ), it will follow a schedule of 3-5 years
Computers, electronic products and components
74% of tariff lines of import duties of will be removed completely as soon as the Agreement comes into force
Import duties of the remaining products will be eliminated according to a schedule of 3-5 years
Some other products Many products like plastic products, phones of all kinds and components, bags, wallets, suitcases, hats, umbrellas will be also eliminated import tariff
Footwear Import duties of 37% of tariff lines will be eliminated when the Agreement comes into force
A schedule of 3-7 years will be applied for import duties of the remainder
Commitment to opening the goods market of Vietnam
Under the EU–Vietnam trade agreement, Vietnam commits to eliminating tariffs on EU exports immediately upon entry into force for 48.5% of tariff lines, accounting for 64.5% of EU import turnover; after seven years, 91.8% of tariff lines (representing 97.1% of EU export turnover) will be duty-free; after ten years, about 98.3% of tariff lines will be eliminated (covering 99.8% of EU import turnover) For roughly 1.7% of remaining EU tariff lines, Vietnam will apply a roadmap to eliminate import taxes beyond ten years or implement tariff quotas in line with WTO commitments.
Table 2.2: Summary of Vietnam’s market access commitments to some important EU commodity groups Commitment Vietnam’s tariff commitments to the EU
Devices 61% of tariff lines will be eliminated import duties since
A maximum 10-year schedule will be apllied for the remaining import tariff
Whole cars and components, spare parts for cars and motorcycles
A car is over 2500 cm3 for diesel and over 3000 cm3 for gasoline cars will reduced 0% in the 9 th year
For the remaining cars, it will follow a 10-year tariff reduction commitment
With all types of auto parts, import dutied will be eliminated in the 7 th year
The tariff roadmaps 0% for motorbikes and motorcycles over 150 cm3 are 10 years and 7 years, respectively
Alcoholic beverages In the 7 th year, import duties for wines and hard liquors will be eliminated
A 10-year schefule is applied for beer
Raw meats 0% of import tariff on frozen pork and other types will be
7 and 9 years, respectively Exempting for chicken meat in the 10 th year After 3 years, beef will be removed
Pharmaceuticals Applying 0% import tariff for pharmeceuticals products when Agreement comes into effect
According to a schedule of 5-7 years, the remaining products will be eliminated
Chemical substances and products the chemical substances
Import duties of about 70% of these products will be exempt since 1 st August, 2020
In the 3 rd or 5 th years, import duties will be removed for the remaining products
In the 3 rd year of the Agreement, 44% products will eliminate
Within 5 years since 1 st August, 2020 the import duites of remaining products will be exempt
Petroleum Import duties will be followed by 10 year schedule
Textile, leather and footwear raw materials
Since 1 st August, 2020; 80% of these products will be exempt from import duties
According to 3-5 years schedule, the remaining products will be exempt
Source: Ministry of Industry and Trade 1.3 Commitments on export tariff:
Regarding export tariffs or fees, excluding cases that are clearly reserved, the two sides will not apply the tariff The commitment results show that only Vietnam has reservations on this issue, while the EU has no reservations.
Under this commitment, Vietnam and the EU will not impose tariffs or fees solely on exports without applying them to domestic goods, except for goods reserved by Vietnam They will ensure that any export charges do not exceed the tariffs and fees applied to comparable domestic goods.
In Annex 2d Chapter 2 of EVFTA, it has some terms about the reservation of Vietnam, applicable to goods exported from Vietnam to the EU with the following main contents:
Vietnam has announced a targeted export tariff regime for key commodities, including sand, shale, granite, certain ores and concentrates, crude oil, coal, coke, and gold The policy plans to revert high export tariff lines to 20% within five years, while manganese ore will be reduced to 10%; all other products will retain their current export duties.
- Vietnam will eliminate export tariff for all other products according to a maximum 15- year schedule
1.4 Commitment on non-tarrif barriers
Technical barriers to trade (TBT):
Both countries commit to strengthening the implementation of the World Trade Organization’s Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Agreement, reinforcing adherence to its rules Vietnam, in particular, pledges to increase the use of international standards when issuing TBT regulations, aligning domestic measures with global benchmarks to promote transparent and predictable trade under the WTO framework.
A separate Annex on non-tariff barriers in the automotive sector states that Vietnam will recognize all technical conformity certifications for EU cars in accordance with the principles of the 1958 UNECE Agreement (the United Nations standards system) five years after the EVFTA enters into force.
Vietnam commits to accept the label “Made in EU” for non-agricutural products (except for pharmaceuticals) while still accepting specific lales of orgin from a specific EU country
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS):
Vietnam and the EU have reached an agreement Under this framework, the EU’s management for trade with Vietnam is the competent authority of each individual EU member state where Vietnamese goods are exported or imported, not a centralized joint-level body.
The European Commission coordinates and supervises the control systems and related legal frameworks of EU member states to ensure the uniform application of technical standards and regulations across the EU's single market.
The Agreement also includes commitments towards reducing other tariff barriers (eg: commitments on export/import licensing, customs procedires ) to facilitate import and export activities between the two Parties
The Agreement has a separate Annex on pharmaceuticals (important EU export products, accounting for 9% of total imports from the EU and Vietnam) in which:
Both parties commit to a set of measures designed to facilitate pharmaceutical trade between the EU and Vietnam Vietnam agrees to permit foreign-invested enterprises to import pharmaceuticals, while prohibiting them from participating in wholesale or retail sales; these firms may only resell Vietnam's pharmaceutical products to licensed distributors (wholesalers) Additionally, Vietnam commits to allowing EU contractors to participate in pharmaceutical bidding packages, subject to certain separate reservations.
2 Trade in Service and Investment
The commitment of Vietnam and the EU on trade in investment services is to create an open and favorable investment environment for businesses of both sides
Vietnam's commitments go beyond those in the WTO, indicating a broader openness than the multilateral framework The European Union's commitments exceed WTO levels and align with the highest commitments the EU has secured in its latest free trade agreements.
Vietnam commits to favorable treatment for EU investors across key sectors—professional services, financial services, telecommunications, transportation, and distribution—and the two sides also agree on national treatment in investment while discussing dispute settlement mechanisms between investors and the state.
Box 2.1: A number of EVFTA commitments to open service trading and investments from Vietnam to the EU Service:
Open-door commitments: In the Agreemtn, Vietnam promises to open more access to EU service suppliers than in WTO in the following areas:
- Sea freight For financial, telecommunications, sea freight and postal services, Vietnam also commits to a series of binding rules
These products below will be commited to open for EU by Vietnam, such as
Vietnam commits to removing restrictions on the assembly of marine engines, agricultural machinery, home appliances, and bicycle manufacture within the machinery industry, while also pursuing several recycling commitments to promote sustainability and reduce waste.
Vietnam and the European Union have agreed on measures aligned with the WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA) The arrangement includes obligations such as online bidding and the creation of an electronic portal to publish bidding information, for which Vietnam has developed a roadmap for implementation The EU has also pledged technical assistance to help Vietnam fulfill these obligations.
We commit to open procurement for ministries, central agencies, and several units under the Ministry of National Defense for goods and services normally procured, not for security purposes, i.e., not directly for national defense, covering Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, and key state entities such as the Vietnam Electricity Group and the Vietnam Railways Corporation.
34 hospitals under the Ministry of Health, Hanoi National University, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City and a number of Central Institutes
Regarding the threshold of market opening, we have a 15-year roadmap to gradually open up shopping activities
Vietnam reserves the right, for a fixed period, to set aside a portion of the value of bidding packages for domestic contractors, as well as for domestic goods, services, and labor, for 18 years from the Agreement’s effective date.
Overview of Vietnam's seafood industry
With a dense system of rivers and seas, the country features a 3,260-kilometer coastline, 226,000 square kilometers of inland waters, an Exclusive Economic Zone of over 1,000,000 square kilometers, and more than 4,000 islands.
Vietnam’s fisheries, anchored by 12 bays and lagoons totaling 1,160 square kilometers, have long been a cornerstone of the national economy In the process of economic integration, seafood has become a dynamic industry, consistently ranking among the top export sectors and continuing to grow.
2.2.1 The concept and classification of aquatic products
2.2.1.1 Definition There are many definitions given about aquatic products, but in general, fisheries are a general term for the resources and products brought to humans from the aquatic environment and exploited and raised by humans harvested for use as food, raw materials or for sale in the market Among aquatic products, the most common are fishing, farming and fishing activities Some species are herring, cod, anchovies, tuna, halibut, mullet, shrimp, salmon, oysters and scallops with high catches
2.2.1.2 Classify – Fish group: These are farmed animals with distinct fish characteristics, they can be freshwater or brackish water fish For example: pangasius, goby, eel…
Crustaceans are among the most common aquatic species in aquaculture, led by ten-legged crustaceans, with shrimp and crab as the most important cultured objects Notable examples include crayfish, black tiger shrimp, white shrimp, land shrimp, and sea crab.
– Molluscs: Including species with lime shells, most are bivalves and most live in the sea (clams, blood cockles, oysters, snails…) and a few live in water sweet (clams, pearls)
Seaweeds: These are low-level plants, unicellular, multicellular, with small size species, but also large-sized species such as Chlorella, Spirulina, Chaetoceros, Sargassium (Alginate), Gracillaria
– Groups of reptiles (Reptilies) and amphibians (Amphibians): Reptiles are tetrapods with amniotic membranes (e.g crocodiles) Amphibians are species that can live both on land and in water (for example: frogs, snakes ) are raised for meat, skins used as food or used in fine arts such as tortoiseshell (for fins), frogs (for skin and meat), crocodiles (for skin)
2.2.2 Factors affecting the export of seafood products
Domestic aquatic resources are the main determining factor, most affecting the export activities of a country With an abundant seafood supply, it is possible to meet domestic consumption and export needs Domestic aquatic resources include exploited, catching and aquacultured aquatic products
Exploitation and aquaculture are heavily influenced by a country’s natural conditions and climate Key factors such as wind, temperature, air quality, water environment, rainfall patterns, and salinity determine the growth and development of aquatic organisms, thereby shaping fishing and farming output Floods and storms also threaten aquaculture systems, especially brackish-water shrimp and fish farming, by compromising dykes and dams and disrupting export activities.
Legal system and management policies of the state
The legal framework and government management policies shape seafood export activities by regulating aquaculture, fishing, and seafood processing, including hygiene, safety, and sanitation standards Government incentives for capital investment and technology adoption, together with policy support and foreign aid from international partners, provide critical capital, equipment, and know-how to the industry These regulatory and support mechanisms collectively affect a country’s seafood export performance by ensuring compliance, driving modernization, and expanding access to global markets through international collaboration.
A transparent, open legal system and coherent economic coordination policies—especially an engaged foreign policy—are decisive factors for attracting foreign partners, seeking collaborations, and building lasting international cooperation Economic cooperation also depends on identifying and prioritizing export markets that align with consumer demand, ensuring products reach the right consumer markets and maximize export potential.
System of facilities, materials and techniques
Science and technology are now applied to aquaculture and seafood processing to achieve higher efficiency, improved quality, and greater yields These innovations enable producers to scale production, meet rising global demand, and expand exports, giving the seafood industry a stronger competitive edge in international markets.
The formation and construction of a service base for fishing took place in three areas, including boat building mechanics, ports and raw material supply services;
Equipment and product consumption system also contribute to increase the ability to develop seafood, promote seafood export
The state of transport infrastructure greatly influences the trade of fishery products Efficient and reliable logistics shorten transaction times, preserve seafood freshness, improve quality, and unlock broader market opportunities for seafood traders.
Economic factors of importing country nước
Macro-economic conditions directly influence the import and export of goods, including aquatic products When household incomes fall, demand for imported seafood declines, creating export challenges in those markets Exporters may face persistent difficulties, and in some cases shipments cannot be completed As consumers tighten spending on high- and mid-value seafood, export volumes and values decline, sometimes leading to losses.
Geographical factors, climate of the importing country
Natural geographical and climatic factors shape market demands, so different countries or regions often require tailored product solutions A product that performs well in temperate climates may spoil in tropical environments or demand refrigeration and specific storage methods Perishable goods are especially sensitive to hot and humid conditions, necessitating higher standards of preservation and more robust logistics when entering markets with high temperatures and humidity.
Political factors – laws of the importing country
Politics and law shape the commodity market as much as supply and demand, with government incentives and regulatory barriers influencing how suppliers enter and expand in the national market Policy factors can simplify market entry and support growth, yet they may also impose hurdles such as tariffs, protectionism, and quotas that restrict trade When the political relationship between importing and exporting countries is unstable, importers face significant barriers to market penetration; stable, transparent governance, by contrast, can facilitate entry and sustain growth in commodity trade.
Regarding the tastes and habits of consumers in the importing country
Exported products that align with a market’s needs and tastes drive easier adoption and stronger sales, while products that miss local preferences and customs struggle to sell, leading to revenue losses and other business hardships The key to export success is thorough market research, product adaptation, and localization—tailoring features, packaging, and messaging to fit cultural norms, regulatory requirements, and distribution channels By aligning offerings with consumer preferences, firms can reduce risk, increase competitiveness, and boost profitability in international markets.
EU market, they boycott seafood containing Salmonella, Lustamine toxins, V
General comments about Vietnam's seafood industry
Vietnam has a location and natural conditions suitable for fisheries activities
Vietnam features a coastline of more than 3,260 kilometers and over 4,000 islands, while its maritime exclusive economic zone covers more than 1 million square kilometers Its inland water surface area exceeds 1.4 million hectares, thanks to a dense system of rivers The country’s seafood reserves are estimated at 4.2 million tons and renewable resources at 1.73 million tons, underscoring a rich mix of marine and aquatic endowments.
Our Party and State always have timely policies to support the fisheries sector
Fisheries is one of the country’s key economic sectors, supported by long-term development goals set through Decision No 332/QD-TTg The policy framework includes Decree 36/2014/ND-CP on farming, processing and exporting, which guides the entire value chain from production to export, and Decree 17/2018/ND-CP, which provides support to build new offshore fishing vessels with a capacity of 800 CV or more.
High-quality aquaculture areas: Among shrimp export markets to the EU,
Vietnam ranks second in global shrimp production, a status earned through uncompromising quality and strict adherence to international standards The European Commission has approved about 200 Vietnamese shrimp processing factories that meet these standards, and Vietnam is among the few countries holding both ASC and BAP certifications, evidence of its commitment to sustainable shrimp farming As of 2019, 192 of 200 processing establishments had BAP certificates, and 233 of 349 shrimp farms held ASC certification.
Europe's market demands provenance, guaranteed quality, and transparent branding, so Vietnam's shrimp exporters can stand out by obtaining ASC and BAP certifications Meeting these strict European standards offers Vietnam a chance to demonstrate quality and competitiveness against other exporters to Europe In France, Germany, and Northwest European markets, Vietnamese black tiger shrimp are widely regarded as high-quality products and are commonly sold in supermarkets as well as wholesale and retail channels By comparison, Bangladesh's black tiger shrimp lacking ASC certification are often positioned in a lower segment and sold at lower prices.
Vietnam's ecological shrimp farming in mangrove forests has boosted seafood export production in recent years, and the competitive advantage of Vietnamese shrimp is increasingly recognized, higher than before Pangasius farms have promptly secured certifications such as GlobalGAP, SQF 1000, AquaGAP, BAP, and FOS, helping Vietnamese shrimp products attract even the most discerning markets From 2010 to the present, VASEP reports that 50 pangasius farms are eligible for ASC certification; about 1,900 hectares of VietGAP-certified pangasius farming facilities account for around 70% of the total area, while roughly 2,000 hectares hold ASC, Naturland, GlobalGAP, or BAP certifications Additionally, Vietnam has gained US approval to oversee catfish food safety, signaling recognition of its product quality and enabling expansion to other markets worldwide.
Currently, 95% of the market share of catfish fillets in the world belongs to Vietnam
Vietnamese shrimp processing industry showcases a high level of expertise built on decades of experience The skilled Vietnamese workforce consistently meets stringent technical standards, earning global recognition for the quality of shrimp processed in the country In addition to technical proficiency, Vietnamese enterprises produce visually appealing, aesthetically refined shrimp products that capture consumer attention and drive market demand.
With nearly twenty years of development, the pangasius industry has established robust regulations and quality inspection agencies that meet the import standards of more than 100 countries To access high-standard markets, notably Europe, farming and processing facilities undergo rigorous and sometimes surprise inspections Over the past decade, pangasius processing has continually improved, incorporating leading scientific and technological advances The United States, a market renowned for its stringent standards, has also recognized the fish and catfish inspection system Pangasius produced in the South is raised under stringent cleanliness and regulatory controls, contributing to high-quality products that satisfy international buyers Ongoing strict inspection and processing regulations underpin the industry’s compliance across major markets.
With abundant aquatic resources, Vietnam confidently meets European demand, positioning pangasius and shrimp as its core export products Vietnamese pangasius now offers nearly 100 product variations, and Europeans favor items such as pangasius fillets, breaded fish, spiced fish, and fish rolls with vegetables In terms of commodity exports, Vietnam ships rock shrimp, sea lobster, Tempura black tiger shrimp, and Whiteleg shrimp For tuna, the focus is on four species—yellowfin, bigeye, longfin, and skipjack—processed into loin, fillet, canned in oil, or bagged for export.
In addition, some products such as fins, fish fat, fishmeal, collagen, gelati are also exported
Vietnam’s exports of seafood to the European Union have risen in recent years, yet the EU market still represents only a small share of total seafood sales Vietnamese seafood companies are generally small in scale, limiting their ability to win and fulfill large orders When they do secure large shipments, delays and quality gaps often arise due to financial constraints, low labor productivity, and inconsistent raw material supply, which in turn harms the reputation of Vietnamese seafood in international markets.
Quality issues in sea processing and production stages have limited recognition of Vietnamese seafood, keeping the value of exports to the EU low Compared with regional and global peers, Vietnamese seafood is undervalued, which results in a modest overall export value Strengthening processing quality, adhering to higher standards, and expanding value-added activities could boost competitiveness and lift Vietnamese seafood’s market share in the EU.
For fishing and aquaculture activities, it has not been fully exploited
Although cultivation areas are still limited, a large amount of land remains abandoned and untapped, resulting in low agricultural efficiency Our fishing equipment is still rudimentary and outdated, with little application of modern technology, so offshore fishing is not yet feasible and the expected high economic efficiency has not been realized.
In promoting products as well as finding markets, the marketing stage of the business has not been focused, has not attracted attention and built its own brand
Therefore, not many EU customers know about the seafood brand "Made in Vietnam"
The method of market penetration is still heavily dependent on partners, without a specific strategy, as well as being proactive in approaching market research.
The impact of EVFTA on Vietnam’s seafood exports to the EU
2.4.1 EVFTA's commitments related to Vietnam's seafood exports to the
The EVFTA is expected to help seafood exports grow by about 2% in the period
Under the EVFTA, Vietnam’s seafood exports stand to gain preferential import duties as the agreement takes effect; on entry into force, the EU will eliminate 12-20% tariffs on raw shrimp (frozen, chilled, fresh) to 0%, and after seven years tariffs on processed shrimp will fall to 0% Competitors like Thailand, without GSP and without an EU FTA, face a basic 12% tariff, while India and Indonesia—also without an EU FTA—are subject to a 4.2% GSP rate, and Ecuador remains at a basic 12% As soon as the Agreement comes into effect, roughly half of tariff lines are immediately eliminated, with the highest-rate products (6-22%) moving to 0%—including oysters, scallops, squid, octopus, clams, processed abalone, and frozen black tiger shrimp In the remaining half of tariff lines, 5.5-26% duties are set to drop to 0% over a 3-7 year roadmap for products such as shrimp, pangasius, and tuna The EU will also impose tariff quotas of 11,500 tons per year for canned tuna and 500 tons per year for surimi.
Table 2.4: Tariff reduction roadmap for some key products of Vietnam Name of product
Shrimp HS03: EIF or 3, 5-year roadmap
As soon as the EVFTA comes into effect, the export tax on some Vietnamese shrimp products to the EU will be about 0%:
+ Shrimp HS code 03061100 (frozen green lobster; frozen tiger shrimp HOSO, DP; iron shrimp PD) fresh frozen; shelled shrimp, whole, frozen split, etc.) from the current level of 12.5%;
Under HS code 03061710, the current tariff rate is 20% for a range of shrimp products, including frozen PD tiger shrimp, frozen HOSO whole tiger shrimp, frozen fresh black tiger shrimp, frozen black tiger shrimp, frozen fresh HLSO black tiger shrimp, IQF frozen black tiger shrimp, and frozen white shrimp.
+ After 5 years: shrimp with HS code 03061794 will be reduced to 0% from 18%;
After 7 years: EU will adjust from 20% to 0% for shrimp HS code HS code 16052110 (shrimp paste) and shrimp HS code
Catfish 3-year roadmap, except smoked fish is 7 years Tuna HS03: EIF or 3, 5, 7-year roadmap
+ The tariffs on fresh and freeze tuna products (except frozen tuna loins/fillets HS code 0304) will be remove since EVFTA comes into force
+ For frozen tuna loin/fillet products with HS code 030487, the
EU will eliminate the tax customs for Vietnam under the 3-year roadmap, from the basic tax rate of 18%;
Under a seven-year roadmap, the European Union will eliminate tariffs on Vietnam’s steamed tuna loin and fillet products, which serve as raw materials for canned tuna production, moving away from the basic tariff rate and expanding market access for Vietnam’s seafood exports to the EU.
HS16: TRQ with canned tuna (11,500 tons)
The European Union will grant Vietnam a tax exemption for canned and processed tuna products, including canned tuna and related fish products in the canned tuna family, within an annual quota of 11,500 tons.
Squid, octopus EIF or 3-year schedule
Other seafood TRQ with surimi (HS1604.20.05)
To qualify for the EVFTA preferential tariff rates, seafood products must demonstrate their origin, with the origin criterion defined as pure origin: the fishery must be born or raised in a member country of the EVFTA.
• Regulations and technical standards for seafood products entering the
However, in order to enjoy EU tariff preferences, the seafood industry needs to comply with a number of specific regulations and standards as follows:
All seafood products must originate from countries on the EU’s eligible list, approved to export to the regional market, with eligibility based on the equivalence of public health and control systems.
Once the exporting country has been approved, the competent authorities of that country will approve its businesses and fishing vessels - factories Approved exporters will be assigned a unique identification number
Under the IUU Regulation, seafood exported to the European Union must be accompanied by a health certificate issued by the competent authorities of the exporting country to confirm that its health and sanitary control system is equivalent to the EU’s requirements This certificate ensures that shipments to the EU meet EU health standards and import conditions By verifying equivalence and compliance, the regulation aims to curb illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing and safeguard the EU seafood market.
Seafood exporters to the EU must implement robust food safety management systems, including ISO 9001, ISO 22000, and HACCP principles HACCP is often the first step toward more stringent schemes such as FSSC 22000 or BRC, ensuring compliance with EU regulations, enhanced product safety, traceability, and continuous improvement across the supply chain.
To protect food quality and human health, the European Union sets strict limits on certain contaminants in foods, including heavy metals and mycotoxins These limits are established by Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006, which fixes maximum levels for specific contaminants to be permitted in food imported into the EU market, and by Regulation (EEC) No 315/93, which lays down the community procedures for contaminants in foods.
The control of veterinary drug residues in animals is regulated in EU
Regulation (EC) No 37/2010, adopted on 22 December 2009, sets the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for residues of veterinary active substances in foods of animal origin Foods containing residues of a veterinary active ingredient that is not listed or that exceed the established MRLs are not permitted to circulate in the European Union market.
Control over genetically modified (GMO) foods
EC Regulation No 1829/2003, of September 22, 2003 determines that products containing GMOs may not be placed on the market unless authorized and in compliance with labeling regulations
EU Regulation No 503/2013, dated 3 April 2013 of the EU provides an EU- wide approval application process for businesses to place GMO products on the market
Fishery products intended for human consumption must comply with the General Code of Food Hygiene and the sanitary specifications for foods of animal origin under EC Regulations 852/2004 and 853/2004 as of April 29, 2004, with the specific conditions for food preparation outlined by EEC Regulation 89/108/EEC of December 21, 1988 The trans fat content in these foods, excluding natural trans fats present in fats of animal origin, must not exceed 2 grams per 100 grams of fat in accordance with EU Regulation 2019/649.
Traceability, compliance and accountability in food
Food business operators must identify the nearest supplier and consignee in accordance with EC Regulation No 178/2002 (28 January 2002) and comply with all obligations at every stage of production and distribution to ensure food safety and traceability.
Seafood products must be labeled with essential details such as the product name, net weight for prepackaged goods, expiration date, storage and use conditions, the business name, manufacturer's address and export markings, and the batch number, with calorie information and amounts of fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, sugar, protein, and salt also listed on the package EU Regulation No 1379/2013, dated 11/12/2013, requires that products sold to end consumers or suppliers display the scientific and commercial name of the fish, the method of capture, the area where it was caught, whether the product was defrosted, and the expiry date Additionally, certain saltwater fish, crustacean and shellfish products demand extra details such as country of origin, scientific and commercial names, an image, indicators of freshness and size, weight, date of export, and the consignor’s name and address.
2.4.2 Forecasting the prospects and the impact of EVFTA on seafood exports to the EU
• Forecasting the prospect of increasing Vietnam's seafood export turnover to the EU
The EVFTA Agreement marks a major turning point for Vietnam’s export portfolio, with seafood products in particular set to benefit from expanded access to the EU market Seafood exports have clear comparative advantages under the deal and are projected to grow about 2% per year from 2020 to 2030, while imports from the EU into Vietnam may rise more quickly, in the range of 2.8–5% The accord brings a mix of opportunities and challenges, including greater market access and intensified competition, alongside the need for stronger quality control, compliance with EU standards, and enhanced supply-chain transparency To capitalize on EVFTA, Vietnamese exporters should focus on value-added processing, sustainable practices, and strategic branding to boost competitiveness and resilience in the EU market.
• Opportunities of Vietnam's seafood industry when exporting to the EU Promoting export turnover
Through the EVFTA agreement, Vietnamese seafood exporters have better conditions to access the large European market with more than 500 million people
Mutrap's forecast indicates that once the EVFTA takes effect, Vietnam's GDP could grow by about 0.5% per year and exports by 5–6%, creating a strong opportunity for the Vietnamese seafood industry to expand trade with the European Union.
Some achievements of Vietnam’ seafood export when EVFTA comes into
In addition, according to statistics from the General Department of Customs, since the Agreement took effect in August 2020, Vietnam's seafood exports to the
November 2020 shipments to the EU totaled 14,300 tons, valued at 64.17 million USD, marking declines of 35.9% in volume and 41.44% in value from October 2020, and declines of 2.94% in volume and 8.44% in value from November 2019, accounting for 7.91% of the country’s seafood export volume and 8.65% of its export value.
Figure 2.5: Vietnam's seafood exports to the EU in 2019 - 2020
Source: Calculation from data of the General Department of Customs;
After the EVFTA took effect, Vietnam's seafood exports to the EU initially rose, but in November–December 2020 they declined slightly compared with the same period in 2019 as EU buyers trimmed imports for the holidays amid Covid-19 concerns and as inventories were reduced to cut costs Storms also limited the domestic catch eligible for export to the EU during this period In the first 11 months of 2020, Vietnam's seafood exports to the EU totaled 187.92 thousand tons, valued at 870.15 million USD, down 9.2% in volume and 6.4% in value from the same period in 2019, with the EU accounting for 10.2% of Vietnam's seafood export volume and 11.32% of export value in 2019.
During the first 11 months of 2020, Vietnam’s exports to the EU rose for shrimp, tuna and clams compared with the same period in 2019, while exports of pangasius, squid, octopus and crabs fell sharply In this period, shrimp accounted for 30.24% of EU volume and 54.41% of value, tuna for 13.3% in volume and 13.87% in value, pangasius for 27.41% in volume and 13.26% in value, clams for 15.3% in volume and 5.73% in value, and squid for 3.25% in volume and 3.39% in value Export statistics indicate that once the EVFTA takes full effect, shrimp, clams, tuna and squid are among the items most benefited by the EVFTA’s tariff incentives.
Vietnam’s seafood exports to the European Union declined in 2020, with export turnover down 8.8% and value down 6.21% year on year, totaling about 205.9 thousand tons and 947.89 million USD, which accounted for 10.18% of Vietnam’s seafood export volume and 11.29% of its export value; the EU market did not exceed 1 billion USD in export value in 2020, and in 2021 there are strong opportunities for Vietnam to push seafood exports to the EU past the 1 billion USD milestone.
EU market, because Vietnamese seafood exporters will exploit more effectively the EVFTA Agreement
It is predicted that Vietnam's seafood exports to the EU in the first quarter of
In 2021, growth is expected to outpace 2020, driven by the positive impact of the EVFTA With the COVID-19 situation in the EU remaining complex across many countries, the established EU seafood consumption and import trends are likely to persist at least through the first quarter of 2021.
Table 2.5: Vietnam's seafood exports to the EU in November and 11 May 2020
Source: Calculation from the data of the General Department of Customs
Table 2.6: Seafood exports to EU markets in November and 11 May 2020
Source: Calculation from the data of the General Department of Customs
The number of enterprises exporting seafood to the EU increased after the EVFTA took effect
According to the General Department of Vietnam Customs, before the EVFTA took effect on August 1, 2020, 370 Vietnamese enterprises exported seafood to the EU, with monthly participation typically under 200 firms After the EVFTA began, the number of exporters to the EU rose to more than 200 per month It is estimated that in 2020 about 409 Vietnamese seafood exporters served the EU market, most of whom are reputable companies with strong supply capacity.
Businesses acknowledge that EVFTA commitments open up opportunities for seafood exports to the EU, but real-world implementation remains challenging The main bottleneck is the documentation and certification regime, which many exporters find confusing and burdensome This complexity increases costs, causes delays, and creates uncertainty in origin verification and compliance procedures Addressing these administrative hurdles will be essential to fully realize the EVFTA's potential for the seafood sector in the EU market.
- C/O form Eur1: Still confused in its application in the business community and within the EU member states themselves
- C/O has been issued for a long time because it is related to the certification certification according to IUU regulations
- Application of HS code: Enterprises are confused, do not know which code to declare/code declaration under the agreement is not accepted by the importing country.