Nighttime-Application-of-Light-for-Control-of-Plant-Diseases

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Nighttime Application of Light for Control of Plant Diseases

Leora Radetsky Jaimin Patel, Ph.D.

Lighting Research Center Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

July 14, 2018

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Leora Radetsky

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Learning Objectives

› Learn how visible light doses at night can protect plants from

powdery mildews and downy mildews.

› Understand how ultraviolet doses at night, with and without

visible light, can significantly reduce powdery mildews.

› Learn how to measure ultraviolet and visible light and

calculate dosage.

› Learn how controls and sensors play an important role in a

lighting solution.

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at

Advancing the effective use of light for society and the environment.

Graduate education

40-60 concurrent

projects

Quick Facts:

Established in 1988 Research and education revenue of $6 million annually 30,000 square foot research facility

34 full-time faculty and staff

15 graduate students

Research Areas:

• Energy

• Technology Development

• Human Health

• Plant Health

• Transportation

• Outdoor Lighting

• Product Testing

• Design

• Lighting Metrics NVLAP-accredited

Extensive field studies

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Where are we now?

 Unique capabilities

› Plant pathology

› Biophysics

› Circadian photobiology

› Radiometric measurements

› Fluorescence spectroscopy

› Industry/academia/

government collaboration

 Strategic approach

› Science → application

› Systematic studies

• Spectral sensitivity

• Dose

• Additivity

• Circadian vs diurnal

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 Collaborators

› Cornell University

› University of Florida

› University of Vermont

› Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research

 Funders

› USDA Specialty Crops Research Initiative

› USDA Organic Research and Extension Initiative

› National Research Council of Norway

› North American Strawberry Grower’s Association

› USDA Crops at Risk Competitive Grants Program

› Flower endowment?

› New York Farm Viability Institute

› CREE

› OSRAM

Vectors

local products / self sufficiency

6 And, as always, cost-effective solutions

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We need to feed the world

Controlled environments are ideal for pathogens

We need to feed the world

 “Controlled environments optimized for

plant growth do NOT eliminate pathogens.

One merely selects pathogens that have

evolved to share the environmental

optima of their host.”

– Dr David Gadoury

 Diseases destroy crops Losses are focal, shocking, and often

catastrophic to individual growers or operations.

Grape Powdery Mildew

Hop Powdery Mildew

Poinsettia Powdery Mildew

Strawberry Gray Mold

Cucumber Powdery Mildew Potato Late Blight

Basil

Downy Mildew

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Safe to eat?

Pesticides in the

media

Location, location, location

• Local/regionally produced food is the fastest-growing

sector of American agriculture

• 80% of organic farms direct sell product within 100 miles

• $11B sales in 2014, 10% projected annual growth

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Automation

• Increasing adoption of

precision farming

technologies

• Small increased net

returns and profits

• Mixed impacts on labor

costs

Innovative solutions are emerging

increase profits

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Lighting + controls + sensors can provide an “organic” adjunct to pesticides

The new paradigm for light

Health, Yield, Nutritional Value, Flavor, Appearance

Distribution

Photosynthesis Plant Phototransduction Photomorpho- genesis

Timing

Amount

Circadian

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Our vision: 24-hour lighting scheme for horticulture

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Light during the day

for production Light during the night for pathogen control

Light at night can mitigate pathogens post-infection

Electric lighting

or daylight

during the day

470 nm LEDs

660 nm LEDs

625 nm LEDs

470 nm +

660 nm LEDs

Lighting for plants in the 21st century

› Solid-state lighting

• Light-emitting diodes

(LEDs)

› Spectrum

• ~365 nm to ~800 nm

› Temporal

• Duration on/off

• Frequency

• Phase

› Amount

• Dimming

› Spatial distribution

• Uniformity

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Metrics for greenhouse lighting during the day

17 December 21, Troy, NY

Project for National Resources Canada

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1000 W High Pressure Sodium (HPS)

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Iso‐PPFD Contours (MH = 2 ft)

Photosynthetic Photon Intensity Distribution

(Ip, μmol sr‐1s‐1) Spectral Power Distribution

LED 1

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LED 2

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Life cycle cost

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Source

Price/fixture

($)

Power/fixture (W)

No. of fixtures for

300 µmol m ‐2 s ‐1

20‐year lifecycle cost @ $0.10/kWh ($)

Shading penalty relative to HPS

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Lighting / controls / sensors

to optimize production

› Growth and flowering with

lower energy and life cycle costs

› Enhance nutrition, flavor, shape

› Speed up production cycles

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Jaimin Patel

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Four recent projects

suppression of basil downy mildew spores

increasing basil yield

of basil downy mildew pathogen

intervals on cucumber powdery mildew

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Basil downy mildew

2007

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Basil downy mildew

Symptoms on upper surface of the leaf

Pathogen sporulation

on under surface of the leaf 27

What do we know about light’s role for controlling

basil downy mildew?

CW fluorescent light @ 35 µmol m -2 s -1 for 20 h

Blue=440 nm; Green=500 nm; Red=625 nm

Cohen et al 2013, PLOS ONE 8:e81282

Dark Red-light exposed

Cohen et al 2013, PLOS ONE 8:e81282

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Dose = PPFD x time (in seconds): 2.52 mol m-2day-1

Dose: 0.43 mol m-2night-1

Dose = 0.36 – 0.72 mol m-2day-1

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Nighttime interval of red light for suppression of

basil downy mildew sporulation

Continuous dark Continuous 660 nm

660 nm: 4 h ON

660 nm: 1.3 h ON Cycle (Total 4 h ON)

Daytime light hours: 8 a.m – 10 p.m

Average PPFD = 130.7 ± 20.6 µmol m-2s-1

Dose (DLI) = 6.6 moles m-2day-1

Nighttime hours: 10 p.m – 8 a.m.

Average PPFD = 13.2 ± 1 µmol m-2s-1 &

59.6 ± 7 µmol m-2s-1

Nighttime conditions

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Low Dose (4h): 0.19 mol m-2night-1 Low Dose (Cont.): 0.48 mol m-2night-1 High Dose (4h): 0.86 mol m-2night-1 High Dose (Cont.): 2.15 mol m-2night-1

Nighttime interval of red light for suppression of

basil downy mildew sporulation

Sporangia under microscope 30

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Benefits of red light at night

› Appearance

› Yield

› Temp: 72° ± 3°F

› Dark or red LEDs ( max = 625 nm)

• Average PPFD: 61 ± 10 µmol m -2 s -1

• On for 10 hours every night

• Dose: 2.2 mol m -2 night -1

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Dark 625 nm LEDs

Natural day and night cycle for 9-12 days

Spectral sensitivity of basil downy mildew

sporulation

Leaf samples in a Petri dish 9-12 days post-infection

Nighttime: visible spectrum and far-red light

Irradiance: 0-164 µmol m -2 s -1

Pre-infection condition

7am – 7pm

75 µmol m -2 s -1

DLI: 3.2 mol m -2 day -1

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Sensitivity of basil downy mildew sporulation to

spectrum & amount

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Spectral sensitivity of basil downy mildew

sporulation

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UV-C for suppression of cucumber powdery mildew

 Day: Fluorescent lamp 63.6

± 1.8 µmol m -2 s -1 for 12h

DLI: 2.8 moles m -2 day -1

 Night (9 p.m.) dose: UV-C

lamp (254 nm) at 7.5, 27 &

75 J/m²

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Cucumber powdery mildew

Conidia

UV-C for suppression of cucumber powdery mildew

 No UV-C treatment (dark)

 UV-C treatment every night

 UV-C treatment every 2 nd night

 UV-C treatment every 4 th night

 UV-C treatment every 8 th night

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Sporulation

Leaf area

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control tools, but we are only starting to

understand its capabilities

› Controls don’t have to be sophisticated to offer value

› PPFD sensors do not measure UV or far-red – need an

appropriate detector

Summary

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Ongoing research

phenotyping of grape powdery mildew

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Thank you

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Dr David Gadoury

Dr Jaimin Patel Leora Radetsky Dr Mark Rea Phone: +1-518-687-7100 Email: patelj6@rpi.edu

Funding

USDA Specialty Crops Research Initiative USDA Organic Research and Extension Initiative National Research Council of Norway North American Strawberry Grower’s Association USDA Crops at Risk Competitive Grants Program New York Farm Viability Institute

Dr Arne Stensvand

Dr Aruppillai Suthaparan

Dr Natalia Peres

http://www.lrc.rpi.edu/programs/plants/plants_home.html

Dr Bruce Parker

Dr Margaret Skinner

Tiêu đề	Nighttime Application of Light for Control of Plant Diseases
Tác giả	Leora Radetsky, Jaimin Patel, Ph.D.
Trường học	Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Chuyên ngành	Lighting and Plant Pathology
Thể loại	research report
Năm xuất bản	2018
Thành phố	Troy

Định dạng
Số trang	20
Dung lượng	4,44 MB