ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD

ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060ĐỀ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI MÔN TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 NĂM 2022 BẢN WORD tải hộ 0984985060

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KÌ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI NĂM 2022 MÔN: TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11

Thời gian: 180 phút

Đề thi gồm 18 trang

SECTION I LISTENING (50pts)

HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN THI NGHE HIỂU

 Bài nghe gồm 4 phần; mỗi phần được nghe 2 lần, mỗi lần cách nhau 05 giây; mở đầu

và kết thúc mỗi phần nghe có tín hiệu Thí sinh có 20 giây để đọc mỗi phần câu hỏi.

 Mở đầu và kết thúc bài nghe có tín hiệu nhạc Thí sinh có 03 phút để hoàn chỉnh bài trước tín hiệu nhạc kết thúc bài nghe.

 Mọi hướng dẫn cho thí sinh (bằng tiếng Anh) đã có trong bài nghe.

Part 1: For questions 1-5, listen to a talk about private education and decide whether these statements are True (T), False (F), or Not Given (NG) Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided (10pts)

1 Enrollment in private primary schools has registered greater increase compared with that in private secondary schools over the last 15 years

2 The demand for private schools stems from profound socio-economic changes

3 Private education plays an important role in solving illiteracy in several massive states

in Pakistan

4 Inclusivity is one noticeable factor that many private schools lack

5 High levels of tuition fee in the private sector are understandable considering the high quality of education that private schools offer

Part 2: For questions 6-10, listen to a talk about Neptune and answer the questions Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the corresponding numbered boxes provided (10pts)

6 What is the distance between Neptune and the Sun?

7 What is Neptune’s core made up of besides water ice?

8 What gives Neptune blue color?

9 What can strong winds recorded on Neptune do?

10 What is the name of the spacecraft that has visited Neptune?

Part 3: For questions 11-15, listen to a radio interview in which two academics called John Farrendale and Lois Granger, taking part in a discussion on the subject of

attitudes to work and choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided (10pts)

11 Lois agrees with John's point that

A most people dread the prospect of unemployment

B the psychological effects of unemployment can be overstated

C some people are better equipped to deal with unemployment than others

D problems arise when unemployment coincides with other traumatic events

12 Lois agrees with the listener who suggested that

A work is only one aspect of a fulfilling life

B voluntary work may be more rewarding than paid work

C not everybody can expect a high level of job satisfaction

D people should prepare for redundancy as they would for retirement

13 What is John's attitude towards people who see work as a 'means to an end'?

A He doubts their level of commitment to the job

B He accepts that they have made a valid choice

C He fears it will lead to difficulties for them later

D He feels they may be missing out on something important

14 When asked about so-called 'slackers' at work, John points out that

A they accept the notion that work is a necessary evil

B people often jump to unfair conclusions about them

C their views are unacceptable in a free labour market

D such an attitude has become increasingly unacceptable

15 Lois quotes the psychologist Freud in order to

A show how intellectual ideas have shifted over time

B provide a contrast to the ideas of Bertrand Russell

C question the idea that a desire to work is a natural thing.

D lend weight to John's ideas about increased social mobility

Part 4: For questions 16-25, listen to a recording about a medical robot named Grace and complete the summary below using words taken from the recording Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS in each blank (20pts)

- Both Grace and her sister – the well-known (16) Sophia – was created by a company called Hanson Robotics

- Grace is only capable of determining your (17) and also your temperature with a(n) (18)

- In terms of mental health treatment, Grace can socially stimulate patients’ mood, entertain them or do (19)

- According to David Hanson Grace’s (20) _, which gives her the ability to socially interact by making natural engagement easier, was designed with the goal of

preventing (21) from being overwhelmed

- Grace is the result of a(n) (22) between Hanson Robotics and another company called Singularity Studio

- Once Grace is mass produced, production costs – currently (23) _ the prices of luxury cars – will begin to drop

- In July or August, the beta version of Grace will be produced on the (24) _ before testing and deployment, all of which is part of the (25) _

SECTION II GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (30pts)

Part 1: Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D to each of the following questions and write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided (20 pts)

1 Rescuers cast a _ to the drowning man and hauled him out of the sea

A lifeline B lifeboat C lifeguard D lifesaver

2 Although citizen-centred schemes involve residents in debates, full political _ is kept

by local councillors and MPs

3 He answered the teacher’s question so quickly that it seemed as though he had _ the answer out of the air

4 This curtain material _ easily

5 There is no need to get so _ about being turned down There are other advertising agencies out there, you know

A destitute B descendant C despondent D despicable

6 He likes nothing better than to spend his Sunday mornings _ in the gardens

A pottering about B hanging around C whiling away D winding down

7 Having lost her home, Lucy got _ a gang of people who hang around causing trouble

8 Julie felt unfairly _ when she spoke out against a company proposal and the entire staff team turned against her

A prosecuted B persecuted C oppressed D suppressed

9 It is impossible to miss the _ of the Generation X in America

A manifestation B propriety C depreciation D coalescence

10 Apart from one or two _ of brilliance from Owen, England put on a rather poor performance

11 The way people store their emotions if more corporeal than _

A telegenic B asymmetric C psychogenic D telepathic

12 His fight to _ four black men of the rape of a seventeen-year-old white girl two years ago partially inspired the group to protest

13 After the hurricane, all that was left of our house was a pile of _

14 Having sacked three employees, the boss was obliged to provide each with _ pay

A retirement B unemployment C dismissal D severance

15 Don’t get yourself _ up over such a trivial matter

16 I _ with the performances but I got the flu the day before

A Was to have helped B helped C was to help D had helped

17 She _ fainted when she heard her father died

18 Three candidates will be short-listed for the post but we do not know _

19 Stars differ differently from planets _ they are self-luminous whereas planets shine

by reflected lights

20 Owning and living in a freestanding house is still a goal of young adults, _ earlier generations

Part 2: Use the correct FORM of the word in capitals to fit each gap Write your answer

in the numbered box (10 pts)

1 A couple of victories would improve the team's _ enormously (MORAL)

2 What the _ army lacked was not discipline, but numbers, and a coherent strategy (SUFFRAGE)

3 “People” is a _ word (SYLLABLE)

4 Questions were asked at the eye clinic but these are said to have brought merely a brisk and _ response (OFFICIAL)

5 His _ gains are all safely stashed away in a Swiss bank (GET)

6 If a screen does not contain everything one wants, further lexicographic information can be obtained by clicking on a _ (LINK)

7 _ is the transplantation of living cells, tissues or organs from one species to another (TRANSPLANTATION)

8 For major grain crops such as wheat, rice, jowar, and bajra, the _ prices functioned as the minimum support prices (CURE)

9 The documented differences between men and women in scientific career paths do not match what would be expected in a true _ (MERIT)

10 In Paris, proud _ never went out of fashion (INTELLECT)

SECTION III READING COMPREHENSION (60pts)

Part 1: Read the passage below and fill each of the following numbered spaces with ONE suitable word Write your answers in the corresponding boxes provided (15pts)

Striking Back at Lightning With Lasers

Seldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike Their electrical fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the United States (1) _

As the clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the (2) _, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt’s most inviting target And (3) _ is damage to property too Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million a year

(4) _ researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the (5) _ of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they will

be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can (6) _ The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new In the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to (7) _ up

an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate (8) _

technique survives to this day at a test site in Florida run by the University of Florida, with support from the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in California EPRI, which is funded by power companies, is looking at (9) _ to protect the United States’ power grid from lightning strikes “We can cause the lightning to strike where we want it to using rockets,” says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightning projects at EPRI The rocket site

is providing precise measurements of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how (10) _ equipment bears up

Part 2: Read the following passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) according

to the text Write your answers (A, B, C or D) in the corresponding numbered boxes (10pts)

Undercover journalism

Journalism is too small or too distant a word to cover it It is theatre; there are no second takes It is drama – it is improvisation, infiltration and psychological warfare It can be destructive in itself before any print has seen the light of day It is exhilarating, dangerous and stressful It is the greatest job It is my job

I am an undercover reporter For the past year or so, I have been a football hooligan, a care worker, a bodyguard and a fashion photographer It is a strange life and difficult one In the course of a day, I have assumed four different personalities, worn four different wardrobes and spoken four different street dialects, and left a little of me behind in each of those worlds More important than this, though, are the experiences and emotions I’ve taken away with me It’s hard to put a label on them They have seeped in and floated out of my psyche, but somewhere in the backyard of my mind the footprints of this strange work are left behind

I have as yet no real notion as to what, if any, long-term impact they will have For the moment, I relish the shooting gallery of challenges that this madness has offered me In the midst of all these acting roles and journalistic expeditions, I have endeavoured not to sacrifice too much of my real self I have not gone native and I am still sane At least for the moment

In the course of any one investigation, you reveal yourself in conversation and etiquette, mannerism and delivery – of thousands of gesticulations and millions of words – and cover yourself with the embroidery of many different disguises If one stitch is loose or one word misplaced, then everything could crash, and perhaps violently so

Certainly, as a covert operator, the journalistic safe line is a difficult one to call Every word you utter is precious, every phrase, insinuation and gesture has to be measured and

considered in legal and ethical terms Even the cadence of your voice has to be set to

appropriate rhythms according to the assumed role, the landscape and the terrain of your undercover patch

The golden rule is this: as an undercover reporter you must never be the catalyst for events that would not otherwise have occurred, had you not been there The strict guidelines within

broadcasting organisations about covert filming mean that, every time I go into the field, a BBC committee or compliance officer has to grant permission first It’s a strange but

necessary experience for someone like me, who operates on instinct and intuition, but it’s a marriage that works well

The undercover reporter is a strange breed There is no blueprint that exists It is your own journalistic ethos and within those parameters you try to tread a safe line, both in terms of your journalism and personal safe-keeping And of course, there’s a high price you pay for this kind work, home is now a BBC safe house The only visitors to my bunker are work colleagues It’s not a pleasant lifestyle, but I have taken on all the stories in the full

knowledge of the risks involved

Though I embarked upon my journey with enthusiasm and determination, the climate in which we undertake this journalistic and documentary mission is an increasingly hostile one

It is one in which covert filming has come under scrutiny because of concerns about fakery and deception and the featuring of hoax witnesses Issues concerning privacy, the use of covert filming techniques across the media – from current affairs to the tabloid newspapers – and the way journalists work with these tools have been rigorously appraised I personally welcome this scrutiny

Hi-tech surveillance equipment allows me to tell the story as it unfolds, surrounded by its own props, revealing its own scars and naked sinews, and delivered in its own dialect There

is no distortion and only one editorial prism – mine While the sophisticated technology allows a visual and aural presentation of events, mentally I rely on the traditional method of jotting things down to rationalise my thoughts and gain a coherent picture of all that I was involved in This is my delivery system – how I narrate

Inevitably the spotlight has shone on me but those who have worked on either paper trail investigation in newspapers or in television will know that it will fade I am happy to return

to the career of a desk journalist because I recognise that the tools we have used are tools of last resort I’ll be returning to the more usual journalistic methods: telephone and computer notebook rather than secret cameras and hidden microphones But the aim will be the same:

to shed light into the darker corners of society where the vulnerable are most at risk

1 Which of the following does the writer NOT suggest about his job in general?

A Journalism is not truly a word to represent it

B Those involved hail from various occupations

C It entails people to act in different roles

D It has a miscellaneous collection of characteristics

2 As implied by the author, what distinguishes undercover journalism from regular kinds?

A the range of subjects it touches on

B the effects of its destructive power

C the degree of spontaneity in it

D the harm that it can cause

3 What does the writer suggest about his attitude towards his job?

A He has a recollection of most emotions triggered by it

B He attaches much of his own personality to the roles he assumes

C His interest in the job has been retained

D He abominates the ordeals involved in it

4 What does the writer imply about undercover investigators?

A They are required to be circumspect so as not to conceal their identities

B They have to be cautious in order not to cling to a preplanned set of actions

C They should try not to be factors causing changes in events

D They need to be observant to the reactions of other people while conducting tasks

5 The writer suggests that undercover investigators:

A have to live with the consequences of exposing themselves

B resent sticking to rules laid down by their employers

C tend to be a similar kind of person

D operate according to a similar code of conduct

6 As indicated by the writer, tribulations arise within the profession because

A the application of cutting-edge technologies is conducive to attempts to falsify

information

B covert filming has been put into question following worries about the effects of

documentaries

C deceptive testimonies have emerged to degrade the quality of covert filming

D how journalists make use of their equipment has come under scrutiny

7 Regarding the harsher working environment in his profession, it can be implied that the author:

A harbours feelings of repulsion at it

B displays embrace of it

C finds it rather disconcerting

D expresses insouciance towards it

8 What can be inferred about the method used by the author while working as a reporter?

A He embellishes the stories with details not clearly reflecting what happened

B He allows technology to cater for every stage of the process

C He uses writing as a way of brainstorming ideas and approaching what he would like to include

D He lets the events speak for themselves with the aid of modern technology

9 What does the passage suggest about the author’s intentions for the future?

A He will adopt the more traditional work as a journalist

B He will make attempts to return to normalcy after all events

C He will have recourse to the tools used when there are no alternatives

D He will go to some lengths to direct the limelight away from him

10 The writer sees the primary aim of journalism as:

A combating the corruption within the society

B enlightening people about the disadvantage of the weak

C highlighting causes of present-day issues

D unraveling the mystery of criminal cases

Part 3: Read the following passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) according

to the text Write your answers (A, B, C or D) in the corresponding numbered boxes (13 pts)

Company innovation

A In a scruffy office in midtown Manhattan, a team of 30 artificial-intelligence programmers

is trying to simulate the brains of an eminent sexologist, a well-known dietician, a celebrity fitness trainer and several other experts Umagic Systems is a young firm, setting up websites that will allow clients to consult the virtual versions of these personalities Subscribers will feed in details about themselves and their goals; Umagic’s software will come up with the advice that the star expert would give Although few people have lost money betting on the neuroses of the American consumer, Umagic’s prospects are hard to gauge (in ten years’ time, consulting a computer about your sex life might seem natural, or it might seem absurd) But the company and others like it are beginning to spook large American firms, because they see such half-barmy “innovative” ideas as the key to their own future success

B Innovation has become the buzz-word of American management Firms have found that

most of the things that can be outsourced or re-engineered have been (worryingly, by their competitors as well) The stars of American business tend today to be innovators such as Dell, Amazon and Wal-Mart, which have produced ideas or products that changed their industries

C A new book by two consultants from Arthur D Little records that, over the past 15 years,

the top 20% of firms in an annual innovation poll by Fortune magazine have achieved double the shareholder returns of their peers Much of today’s merger boom is driven by a desperate search for new ideas So is the fortune now spent on licensing and buying others’ intellectual property According to the Pasadena-based Patent & Licence Exchange, trading in intangible assets in the United States has risen from $15 billion in 1990 to $100 billion in 1998, with an increasing proportion of the rewards going to small firms and individuals

D And therein lies the terror for big companies: that innovation seems to work best outside

them Several big established “ideas factories”, including 3M, Procter & Gamble and

Rubbermaid, have had dry spells recently Gillette spent ten years and $1 billion developing its new Mach 3 razor; it took a British supermarket only a year or so to produce a reasonable imitation “In the management of creativity, size is your enemy,” argues Peter Chemin, who runs the Fox TV and film empire for News Corporation One person managing 20 movies is never going to be as involved as one doing five movies He has thus tried to break down the studio into smaller units—even at the risk of incurring higher costs

E It is easier for ideas to thrive outside big firms these days In the past, if a clever scientist

had an idea he wanted to commercialise, he would take it first to a big company Now, with plenty of cheap venture capital, he is more likely to set up on his own Umagic has already raised $5m and is about to raise $25m more Even in capital-intensive businesses such as pharmaceuticals, entrepreneurs can conduct early-stage research, selling out to the big firms when they reach expensive, risky clinical trials Around a third of drug firms’ total revenue now comes from licensed-in technology

F Some giants, including General Electric and Cisco, have been remarkably successful at

snapping up and integrating scores of small companies But many others worry about the prices they have to pay and the difficulty in hanging on to the talent that dreamt up the idea Everybody would like to develop more ideas in-house Procter & Gamble is now shifting its entire business focus from countries to products; one aim is to get innovations accepted across the company Elsewhere, the search for innovation has led to a craze for

“intrapreneurship”—devolving power and setting up internal ideas-factories and tracking stocks so that talented staff will not leave

G Some people think that such restructuring is not enough In a new book Clayton

Christensen argues that many things which established firms do well, such as looking after their current customers, can hinder the sort of innovative behaviour needed to deal with disruptive technologies Hence the fashion for cannibalisation—setting up businesses that will actually fight your existing ones Bank One, for instance, has established Wingspan, an