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2018-2019 Student Advisory Committee 1 September 28, 2018 SAC MINUTES Student Advisory Committee Minutes Friday, September 28, 2018 Patrick Henry Building West Reading Room Members Pres

2018-2019 Student Advisory Committee 1 September 28, 2018

SAC MINUTES

Student Advisory Committee Minutes Friday, September 28, 2018 Patrick Henry Building West Reading Room Members Present: Haley Bendall (John Tyler Community College), James Caprara (ECPI University), Mary Zell Galen (Longwood University), Davide Genoese-Zerbi (George Mason University), Cody Hartley (Radford

University), Hunter Hess (The University of Virginia College at Wise), Lilliauna Hopkins (Norfolk State

University), Karen Huang (Southwest Virginia Community College), Jewel Hurt (James Madison University), Sarah Izabel (Virginia Commonwealth University), Aquila Maliyekkal (University of Richmond), Matthew

McCauley (College of William and Mary), Alexis Pedrick (Richard Bland College), William Reeves (Virginia Military Institute), Caleb Stinchcomb (Virginia Western Community College), Rebecca Stover (Dabney S

Lancaster Community College), Tarik Terry (Old Dominion University), Isaac Weintz (University of Virginia), Tatyanna Greenfield (Virginia State University), Peyton Wilmer (Virginia Tech)

SCHEV Staff Present: Peter Blake, Paul Smith, Beverly Rebar, Wendy Kang, Paula Robinson, Laura Osberger, John Cruz, Kristin Whelan

Others Present: John Cruz, Gerica Goodman, Michael Maul, Shayna Pierson, Travis Rickman

 Paula Robinson (SCHEV) brought the meeting to order, welcomed attendees and explained the

structure and purpose of the Student Advisory Committee

 Paul Smith, SCHEV Associate for Student Mobility Policy and Research provided the students with an overview of the history of higher education concentrating on the history of higher ed in Virginia

Presentation attached

 Michael Maul, Virginia Department of Planning and Budget Associate Director of Education and

Transportation presented the students an overview of the Virginia budget process He explained how higher education funding fits within the greater budget and the various challenges that higher education faces in the budget decision-making Presentation attached

 Peter Blake, SCHEV Agency Director welcomed the members and thanked them for their participation

 Campus updates and introductions were provided by each member:

o University of Virginia – Isaac Weintz – Introduced himself as the Legislative Affairs CommitteeChair in the SGA He reported that UVA is currently working on for student voter registration andgreater student civic engagement The student council has registered greater than 500 students

so far this fall Around campus, there are plans for a renovation of Alderman Library and to redothe Brandon Avenue corridor There is a new football facility planned and a planned move of thesoftball fields

o Virginia State University – Tatyanna Greenfield – Introduced herself as the Student at Large forthe SGA She reported on the renovation of an older building on campus into more classroomspace She spoke about the 3% tuition increase that has distressed students who were expecting

C OM M O N W E A LT H OF V I R G I N I A

2018-2019 Student Advisory Committee 2 September 28, 2018

a 1% increase VSU was named HBC institution of the year in 2018

o College of William & Mary – Michael McCauley - Introduced himself as the W&M SGA

Undersecretary of Richmond Affairs He shared W&M’s embracing of activism and inclusion and that the college is celebrating the 100 year anniversary of becoming a coeducational institution Katherine Rowe was appointed the first woman president of the school this year W&M is building

a new wellness center to help address the “stress culture” There have been student protests over the school purchasing furniture created through prison labor

o Richard Bland College – Alexis Pedrick – Introduced herself as the Vice President of the Student Assembly She shared that RBC inducted its first cohort of Promise Scholars and renovated the library and cafeteria RBC has also built new dorms and created Living-and-Learning communities Students struggles with class availability and text book costs

o Dabney S Lancaster Community College – Rebecca Stover – Introduced herself and shared that students at her school struggle with class availability and too many adjunct professors Dabney Lancaster has built a new cafeteria and opened a food pantry for students and staff They also offer the Dabney Promise program which provides tuition assistance up to 15 credits for students

in the service area

o Virginia Military Institute – William Reeves – Introduced himself as the captain of the Academic Staff, a cadet-run tutoring service VMI has a new physical training center and aquatics center planned They are also renovating the Preston Library Secretary of Defense, James Mattis visited last week Students are concerned about high tuition and uniform costs

o University of Richmond – Aquila Maliyekkal – Introduced himself as the Speaker of the Senate at the University of Richmond Around campus, they are working on voter registration and educating out-of-state students about voting absentee A Free Speech Code is working its way through the SGA There are concerns on campus about the exclusivity of the Greek system The administration

is taking active steps to create more non-Greek social activities and spaces There is a new health and wellness center on campus planned to be finished in 2020

o Virginia Commonwealth University – Sarah Izabel – Introduced herself as the SGA and BOV

student representative Around VCU, there are many new buildings including a new freshman dorm The students are working on student voter registration A voting precinct has been established on campus Through an agreement with the city of Richmond, the Pulse bus service is now free of charge for students and faculty of VCU Sarah is part of a group of students working

on lobbying the administration for on campus, family housing

o Virginia Tech – Peyton Wilmer – Introduced himself as a member of the Student Life Council On campus, students as well as President Sands are working to address Tech’s low diversity The university is planning to expand its liberal arts programs There are many building plans on campus, including tearing down one of the older dorms, adding more living-and-learning communities and creating a “central hub” for the campus

o Longwood University - Mary Zell Galen – Introduced herself as the joint SCHEV/ VA21

representative Around campus, Longwood is investing in public art, a new academic building and the new university center that opens in October There is concern about declining student

involvement Efforts to address that low involvement include an Oktoberfest celebration, a bonfire and a color war The school implemented a new core curriculum that some returning students find confusing The SGA is working on creating a food pantry

o George Mason University – Davide Genoese-Zerbi – GMU is struggling with meeting the facility, traffic, parking and technology demands of growing enrollment With the demolition of Robinson Hall, there is also a greater need for classroom space

2018-2019 Student Advisory Committee 3 September 28, 2018

o Southwest Community College – Karen Huang – SWCC is dealing with low enrollment and

community struggles with high poverty and the opioid crisis Around campus, new athletic opportunities have been created through clubs There are also new food options on campus A program is in the works to provide free tuition to students in the three surrounding counties

o The University of Virginia’s College at Wise – Hunter Hess – A new student health clinic and food pantry recently opened at UVS-Wise Also new to campus in 2018, an agreement with a local company to provide bus transit for students on and near campus called Cavalier Connections This week is also Homecoming week ate UVA Wise

o Radford University – Cody Hartley – Introduced himself as the Vice President of the SGA Senate and Legislative Affairs Committee Around campus, there are updates to infrastructure as well as new academic buildings Radford recently announced a merger with Jefferson College of Health Services The faculty senate is reviewing a curriculum change, closely examining a Colorado type curriculum Radford received a grant from the NSA and the USDE for the cybersecurity program With student enrollment increasing, the administration is looking at ways to expand Without a football program, finding ways to foster school spirit is always a challenge

o Norfolk State University – Lilliuana Hopkins - New dorms for junior, seniors and grad students are set to open fall of 2019 Because of increased enrollment, many incoming students had to be housed in hotels this semester NSU has undertaken search for a new president The interim president is very student centered and conducts regular “fireside chats” to communicate with students NSU is partnering with community colleges in the area to reduce the overall cost of an NSU education Expansion of the study abroad program and better communication between students and faculty are two of the issues the school is working on Ten Virginia high schools were on campus recently for NSU Preview Day

o John Tyler Community College – Haley Bendall – Introduced the two campuses of JTCC to the group The Chester campus houses the skilled training programs while the Midlothian campuses holds most the liberal arts program The nursing program is moving to the Chester campus in fall

of 2019 JTCC is renovating several buildings and students are attending classes in learning cottages (trailers) Students are pleased with new food and coffee options on campus Dual-enrollment challenges, child care availability, parking and service area constraints are all issues that need to be addressed on campus SGA elections were held last week

o James Madison University – Jewel Hurt – Introduced herself as current SGA President The college

on working on issues with affordability, parking, safety and ADA compliance issues in some facilities The SGA is working with the Vice President of Student Affairs to improve the student sexual assault reporting process The SGA is looking at social and academic barriers for transfer students and way in which the school can improve diversity on campus The voting/ civic

engagement program, Dukes Vote has been expanded

o Virginia Western Community College – Caleb Stinchcomb – Introduced himself an Ambassador and VP of Student Veterans Association He introduced VWCC to the group as a feeder school for Virginia Tech in engineering and Radford in nursing There has been a 3% increase in enrollment this year puts greater pressure on parking, but the Student Activity Center is busy and a new STEM instructional facility is in the works Lack of enough available tutors in an ongoing issue

o ECPI University – James Caprara – Introduced himself as a brand new student and introduced ECPI as a place that retrains adults for new careers and a veteran friendly place Textbooks at ECPI are included in the cost of tuition

o Old Dominion University – Tarik Terry – Introduced himself as Speaker of the Senate Parking and affordability continue as issues on campus The school is also working on ways to maintain strong

1st amendment protections on campus A survey was sent to all student to gather information on improving mental health services The largest freshman class in ODU history contributed to a

2018-2019 Student Advisory Committee 4 September 28, 2018

housing shortage A new art building is set to open in November and there are plans for a new dorms and renovation of the football stadium ODU has made using of an app that send push notifications to students who have opted-in, about food left over from campus events The entire campus of ODU is celebrating the Monarch’s huge upset football win over the VT Hokies

 Lunch was served

 Gerica Goodman, Policy Director for VA21 spoke to the group about voter registration and strategies forcivic engagement in the General Assembly

 Paul Robinson introduced an opportunity for some of the students to attend the 2018 SCHEV Board ofVisitors orientation meeting on October 24th

 Discussions about selecting chairs of the committee occurred After hearing from some of the interestedstudents, Jewel Hurt (LU) and Cody Hartley (RU) were selected as the co-chairs of the Student AdvisorCommittee for 2018-2019

 There was discussion about setting the next meeting date Paula Robinson will create a poll to determinethe date that works for the most students and send it soon

Paul Smith, Ph.D

State Council of Higher Education

History of American Higher

Education

1

Pendulum of Higher Education

In the beginning…

• Ancient Greece (508-322 BCE):

- Virtue, like any art or faculty, can only be acquired by education Education must be regulated by the State For as the end of the State as a whole is one, the education of all the citizens must be one and the same, and must therefore be an affair of the State Every citizen should remember that

he is not his own master but a part of the State Aristotle, Politics

- Do not, then, my friend, keep children to their studies by compulsion but by play That will also better enable you to discern the natural capacities of each Plato, Republic

• Formal (School or paid tutor) and Informal (unpaid teacher in non-public setting)

• Athens: Production of citizens - Democratic approach; Supervised by state but state was not the sole authority

 Military (18-21yrs) – Strategy, athletics

 Higher Education (20-30yrs, informal) - Varied by academy usually mathematics, philosophy, critical thinking, music, gymnastics, literature, physics, astronomy

• Inequities: Males only, females educated at home and private tutors

Pendulum of Higher Education

In the beginning…Part II

• Ancient Romans: (~300 BCE – ~476 CE)

• No state sponsored education system:

• Informal familial education during early Republic

• Formal schools using tuition-based system during late Republic and Empire

• No dedicated facilities (streets, alleys, colonnades, private homes, gymnasiums, etc.)

• Targeted toward middle and upper-classes

• Private tutor (wealthy) or primary school (poor)

• Focus – Service to the state

• Progression based on ability

• Adopted a model similar to the Greeks after conquering but excluded music and athletics at the basic level

• Tiered System:

• Ludus Litterarius (primary school, 7-10 yrs)- reading, writing, basic literary studies Females could

attend primary school but taught separately from males

• Grammaticus (9-15 yrs) - writing , public speaking, literary analysis, learned Greek

• Rhetor (15-?) – refined oratory skills, learned rhetoric, geography, music, philosophy, literature, mythology, and geometry Few boys went on to study rhetoric (politicians & lawyers) with private tutor

• Philosophy – Usually studied abroad in Greece

• Inequities:

• Roman educational system allowed patriarch & equestrian classes to maintain class stability

• Poor were excluded from any sort of education

• Females not allowed to be educated beyond the primary level

Pendulum of Higher Education

Fast Forward…

• Medieval Education (~500 CE - ~1500 CE):

• Cathedral Church Schools

• 1079 - Pope Gregory VII announced that bishops were to teach artes Litterarum at their churches

• Embraced the full spectrum of the Seven Liberal Arts: Grammar, Rhetoric, Dialectic, Arithmetic, Music, Geometry, and Astronomy

• The true purpose of learning was to “pave the way for the mind to penetrate to the full knowledge

of philosophical truth” and “to restore God’s image in us.”

• Elevation of Cathedral Church Schools into medieval universities

• Development of scholastic scholarship with formal examinations with semblances of today’s universities

• Blending of classic philosophy with theological doctrine

• Theological questions were brought forward for sustained and intensive formal systematic analysis

• Theology, Law, Medicine

• Formation of Education guild by faculty of similar disciplines and establishment of prerequisites for upper-level course work

• Residential Campus in some cases

• Some coeducational schools existed – Rudimentary reading writing

• Unless specified by church edict

• “Girls’ Schools” run by convents offered more than basics letters

• Inequalities: Females could not attend universities

Pendulum of Higher Education

The New World…

What was the first college to be charted in the American Colonies?

• Purpose: Christianizing Virginia's Indians

• Was never built – Indian uprising in 1622

The New World…

• The American Colonial College:

“…and we had just builded our houses, provided necessaries for our livelihood, reared convenient places for God’s worship, and settled the civil government: one of the next things we longed for, and looked after was to advance learning and perpetuate in to posterity.” (New England’s First Fruits, 1643)

• Continuation of religious collegial sponsorship

in colonial America

The New World…

• 1636…

• Harvard College founded in Massachusetts as a Christian institution

• Mission: To train “literate and pious clergy,” prepare “men of refinement and culture, ” and educate those destined to position of responsibility and leadership

in society

• Had the puritans not founded Harvard “the ruling class would have been

subjected to mechanics, cobblers, and tailors, the gentry would have been overwhelmed by lewd fellows of baser sort…”

• After 1636… College of William and Mary (1693), Yale College (1701),University of Pennsylvania (1740),Princeton College (1746),Columbia University (1754), Brown University (1764), Rutgers College (1766), Dartmouth College (1769)

• All the first nine English colonial colleges in America had the same

expressed goal of ensuring “that the youth…[be] piously educated

in good letters and manners.”

• Curriculum: Liberal Studies – concept of being “well rounded”

takes reemerges

• Encouraged social mobility, to a degree, unlike European Colleges

Pendulum of Higher Education

Transition to the American College

• Post Revolutionary War (~1776-~1810):

• Change of mindset – government was of the people,

if self-governed then must have an educated populous

• Curriculum:

• Classics and religious studies plus science and math

• Maintains moral and ethical reasoning

• Rise of state supported university (UNC)

Pendulum of Higher Education

The American College…Part I

• The College Movement (~1790-~1865):

• Exponential growth in new colleges

• Most founded by religious denominations

• Elitism concerns and response

• Flexible and less rigid

• Growth in scientific study

• Subject specific study

• Teachers’ colleges

Pendulum of Higher Education

The American College…Part II

• Post Civil War: Evolving American University (~1870s-~1900):

• Growth in technical education and urbanization

• Founding of the “true women’s college” and coeducation

• Expansion of the early seminaries and academies

• “Coordinate” colleges

• Earliest advances in coeducation were in land-grant colleges

• Elective curricula– fosters scholarship as a result of exposure to different subjects

• Graduate Professional Studies/Research/Specialized Studies based on a Germanic Model

• Intercollegiate Competitions

• Morrell Acts: 1862 - Land Grant College; 1890 - Expansion in South & required race not to an impediment to admission Often resulted in a second college Many HBCU came to be as a result of this act

“[American colleges should] lop off a potion of the studies established centuries ago as the mark of European scholarship and replace the vacancy…by those of a less antique and more practical value” (Congressman Justin Smith Morrell, 1848)

Pendulum of Higher Education

Equity in Early American Colleges?

• Female education gets a start

• In 1833 Oberlin College was first to offer co-educational opportunities

• Few African Americans were afforded higher educational opportunities

1851 (Washington DC), Lincoln University in 1854 (PA), and Wilberforce College in

1856 (Ohio)

American Higher Education…Part III

• American Higher Education Matures (~1900-~1950):

• New educational paradigm emerges where lower level liberal studies merged with upper level specialization

• Growth of colleges into universities = Increased bureaucracy, Division between academics and

administration, Business Model

• In 1918, 85 institutions existed across the country with eh bulk concentrated in five states: CA, MI, VA,

TX, and IL

• Alternative to four-year institutions

• By 1938 two-year college enrollment constituted about 18% of all college enrollment

• Acted as “feeder” schools

• Fighting for what is right:

• In 1934, Donald Gaines Murray, a graduate of Amherst college was refused admission to the Univ of Maryland’s law school on the basis of color Appealed to the courts and was admitted

• Murray case established a precedent : Lloyd Lionel Gaines was refused admission to the Univ of Missouri Law Case went to the Supreme Court where they ruled in his favor The justices held that the state was bound to furnish “within its borders facilities for legal education substantially equal to

those…afforded for persons of the white race.” Although the case fell short of extending genuine equality it did mark an important advancement for African Americans in the late 1930s as symbolic victory

Pendulum of Higher Education

American Higher Education…Part IV

The modern American College and University (1950-present):

• Continued expansion of higher education enrollment, 2.3 million in 1947

• Baby boomers

• From 1970s on, much of the growth was a result of women and minorities going to college at higher rates

• More women than men on campus

• Rise of part-time and non-traditional students: Higher cost and new job skills

• Growth in government involvement: State Control and funding; Financial Aid programs;

Affirmative action programs; Research Funding

• Corporate involvement

• Corporate model of higher education: Publish or Perish & Growth of Endowments

• Political Correctness emerges

• Curricular changes:

• Growth in courses based on age, gender, and ethnicity

• Development of special programs in African American, Hispanics studies, LBGTQ studies, and women’s studies

• Interest in General/Liberal education is strengthened but must strike a balance with specializations

• Academic Standards – “opportunity” did not equate to “entitlement”; Accreditation

Pendulum of Higher Education

Student Activism

Student Activism (1960’s)

• American Materialism; Racism; Social and economic injustice; Class favoritism; Vietnam; Free speech; Overall distrust of political system

• Fought against dehumanization and cultural oppression

• Radicalization - public humiliation and intimidation of faculty,

Bombing Threats, and Rejection of “Traditional Middle-Class Values” (ethic of hard work, social status, and competition for material success)

• Called for more diversity, pluralism, and individual freedom in education and society Liberal learning denounced as elitist, undemocratic, class- bound, and anti-egalitarian—Social “relevance” was now the sole

criterion by which learning should be judged

• Began to wind down in the 70’s

Student Activism

• “They profess individuality but exemplify conformity in their

attachment to their own hair styles and dress codes They profess humanism, but they tend to degrade reason, the very quality which makes us human…They celebrate

consciousness, but then paralyze it with drugs They eschew our technology, but delight in motor bikes, electric music, recordings, television and hi-fi They thoroughly disdain

wealth and property, but live…on parental allowances They profess to love all mankind, but many of them steal and cheat from each other and from us They seek universal peace but often undertake or applaud violence in the service of their ends They pretend to humility, but display arrogance and self-righteousness toward those with whom they disagree They cherish the freedom to express themselves, but would often deny that right to those they violently oppose.”

(Bloustein, 1971)

American Higher Education…Part IV

Higher Education and African Americans (1950-present):

• Growth in Enrollments

• Prior to WWII were minuscule ~5,000 students in white colleges outside the south in 1939 About five-tenths of one percent of total enrollment in the north and about half were concentrated in less than two dozen institutions

• Post WWII: Enrollment grew outside the south between 1940 and 1950 to approximately 61,000 (~6% of enrollment, not surpassed until 1967)

• At predominately white schools, about 1 in 10 students in the south were African American which increased to a few hundred by 1950s (~453 during the 1952-53 academic year)

• Brown v Topeka Board of Education (May 1954) – Desegregation of historically

white institutions…

• Southern institutions continued to discriminate

• Legal action continued…

• Desegregation was ostensibly complete in about one-third of the deep south However, other forms of discrimination continued

• Between 1965-1978, HBCU enrollment dipped from 82% of all African American college enrollment to 40%

• Racial disparities still exist: Lower levels of BA completion, Lower academic

success, Higher levels debt

Current Issues in American Higher Education

• Escalating cost and growing student debt: Bulging administration, gov’t funding, “Activity fees”

• Learning as commodity – Information as “product” to be packaged and marketed; knowledge bundled into credits and “delivered” via and instruction “system”; students as “consumers” or

“resources” or “human capital” awaiting batch processing…

• Commercialism and consumerism to the delight of entertaining students – fitness centers, apartments rather than aseptic dormitory rooms, study abroad programs, tutoring services, career placement offices, computer sites, restaurants and coffee shops, recreational offerings, and tickets for “big-time intercollegiate sports.”

• Public distrust of higher education

• Social movements

• Free Speech: Suppression of “Conservative Ideologies,” Safe spaces, etc

• Vocational Educations v Liberal Education

• Enrollment declines

• Diversity and access: Selective vs Less selective

• Mission drift- Is it ok for colleges to develop for profit branches?

Virginia Higher Education

• 15 four-year, one junior college, and 24 two-year public institutions

• Not a centralized educational system

• State Council of Higher Education for Virginia

educationally and economically sound, vigorous, progressive, and coordinated system of higher education in the Commonwealth and lead state-level strategic planning and policy development and implementation based on research and analysis

• Virginia Community College System

History of Racial Disparities in VA Higher Education

Timeline and Key Events:

• May 18, 1896 - The U.S Supreme Court rules in Plessy v Ferguson that "separate but equal" public

accommodations are constitutional The decision provides the legal basis for Jim Crow laws and the tradition of strict segregation It, however, also provides an opening for African Americans to demand equal facilities and opportunities

• 1904 - Chinese cadets begin to enroll at the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington

• 1935 - Alice Jackson applies for admission to the University of Virginia's graduate program in French

but is rejected because she is African American

• 1937 - For the first time, the Virginia State College for Negroes, which was founded in Petersburg in

1882, can boast faculty members with doctoral degrees and can offer a few master's programs in

education

• June 5, 1950 - The U.S Supreme Court, ruling in Sweatt v Painter that a Texas law school for blacks

was not satisfactorily "equal" to the school for whites, establishes a new standard for equality that sets the stage for desegregation in Virginia

• September 15, 1950 - Gregory Swanson registers as the first black student admitted to an historically

white public institution of higher education in Virginia after winning a case in federal court and

gaining admission to the University of Virginia

• 1951 - The College of William and Mary admits Hulon Willis as a student in a graduate program

because the program was unavailable at Virginia State

• 1953 - Virginia Polytechnic Institute admits Irving Peddrew as an engineering undergraduate and the

University of Virginia graduates Walter N Ridley, a doctoral candidate

• 1968 - The Virginia Military Institute in Lexington enrolls five black cadets, its first African

American students

• 1972 - Black students can enroll in any curriculum, live and eat in campus facilities, play varsity

sports, promote black studies programs, and form black student unions at all Virginia public

institutions of higher education

Virginia College Relationship