RESEARCH ORGANIZATION AND LEADERSHIP A BIBLIOGRAPHY

Use in research organization, leadership and related functionsManagement of creativity Publishing General Scholarly, Specialty and Institutional Editors, Reviewing, Proposals, Style Agen

Use in research organization, leadership and related functions

Management of creativity

Publishing

General

Scholarly, Specialty and Institutional

Editors, Reviewing, Proposals, Style

Agents

Publishing for Professionals

Publishing for Academic Authors

Self-Publishing

Publicity and Advertising

Desktop Publishing

Graphic Design and Calligraphy

Management of Research and Creativity

Research and Society

Research Management

Research Management in General: Nature of Research and the Research

organization

The Structure of the Organization

Management - the Research Administrator

Decision Making and Planning

Teamwork in Research or Cooperation and Creativity

Communication in Research

Motivation and Research

Evaluation and Measurement

Environment and Research Organization

Selection of Researchers

Research Management - Recent -1987

Research in Science and Technology: Methods and Administration

Review: Sir John Cockroft, Ed., the Organization of Research Establishments, 1966

Entrepreneurial Management

Research Institutes and Universities

Research Centers and Institutions: Sources of Ideas Especially for Facilities and Funds

Research Institutes: the University

Management of Research and Education

College and University Presidents

College Administrators

Leadership, Management and Planning

University Leadership: Selected InformationThe University - Nine Reviews

Planning the Development of UniversitiesEfficiency in Universities

The Idea of a University

Vision and Purpose in Higher EducationThe Uses of the University

The University

Searching for Academic ExcellenceThe Idea of a Modern University

The Idea of a World University

Consulting and Consultants

Funding for Specific Areas or Topics

Funding for Education

Funding for Individuals

References Organized By Type of Source

Government: California - General

Government: California - Service Grants

3.1.3.10 Corporate Sources: Business and Industry

Administration and Management

Business Tax, Employment Tax Credit, Enterprise ZonesCorporation, Finance, and Business Law

California Law on Corporations

Nonprofit Corporations

General and Registration

Research Institutes, Design and Planning

Finance and Management

Selling and Creating

Persuasion and Selling

Rhetoric and Persuasion

Latest Revision and Copyright

R E S E A R C H O R G A N I Z A T I O N A N D

L E A D E R S H I P

INTRODUCTION: FUNCTIONS OF THE BIBLIOGRAPHY

USE IN RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, LEADERSHIP AND RELATED FUNCTIONS

These references are for use in forming, maintaining and working with a group or team.The focus is on pure and applied research but the work may also be useful in other kinds

of innovative group or team activity

Team activity has a number of components One is the division and organization of tasks.Another is the synergistic interaction deriving from the give and take of ideas A thirdcomponent or function of team activity is the mutual encouragement derived fromcommon goals and from healthy competition Finally, and this is important to my interest,

a team can accomplish goals that isolated individuals cannot - this has both practical andconceptual dimensions The practical dimension is fairly clear; the conceptual component

is that there are some goals that can be only team - or social - goals

My initial purpose is to work on the evolution and design project as conceived in area 8

of evolution and design, in assist, in related works and ongoing development The degree

of formality and concretion of the group is an open issue The functions include conceptand knowledge synthesis at a global universal level, conceptual, detailed and organicfoundation of such knowledge, application and consultation at all levels The systemconceives being and knowledge as an organic unity and therefore “application anddesign” are not separate entities from “knowledge.” Evolution from a research foundation

to a design and consulting organization will be natural

The focus is on two areas: publication and support Support is of two kinds:

1 Assistance or team work in the production of the ends of the evolution and designproject as described above This includes both research and auxiliary functions Personneland other resources such as computer, library, laboratory, and office equipment areincluded These are detailed in assist and related work

2 Financial and related sources such as facilities that permit maintenance of theorganization The evolution from research foundation to a design and consultationorganization implies that income will be a source of support Other sources will becontracts, grants, donations…

These support functions can be called “management.” Management would be conceived

in a general way to include all phases of operation including entrepreneurship,establishment, and personnel In view of the long term design and consultation, generalmanagement will be useful

Accordingly, the topics or chapters of this bibliography are [1] Publishing, [2]Management of research and creativity, [3] Funding and support of research, and [4]General administration and management

MANAGEMENT OF CREATIVITY

The references provide information on research management, creativity and management

of creativity in general In this function “management of creativity” is a topic of study…

of interest in itself and for application and consultation

June, 1998

PUBLISHING

GENERAL

International literary marketplace, 1986

Has publishers, booksellers, libraries, literary agents, prizes, ISBN system - international,except United States and Canada

R R Bowker, Literary Marketplace, 1987 Literary Marketplace: the Directory ofAmerican Book Publishing with Names and Numbers, 1987

Has United States and Canada: Publishers, Book Clubs, Literary Agents, Awards andPrizes, Consultants, Editorial Services

K G Saur Pub., International Directory of Booksellers, 1st Ed., 1978

K.G Saur Pub., Publishers International Directory with ISBN Index, 1986 1986

-Danielle Bizzarro, Ed., Editor and Publishers International Year Book: the Encyclopaedia

of the Newspaper Industry, 1987

Becky Hall Williams, Ed., 1987 Writer's Market, 1987

Contains Book Publishers, Consumer Publishers, Trade - Professional - Technical Journals,Literary Agents

Publishers, Distributors and Wholesalers of the United States, 1981

SCHOLARLY, SPECIALTY AND INSTITUTIONAL

Tim Clark, Ed., R R Bowker Pub., International Academic and Specialist Publisher'sDirectory, 1975

UNESCO, International Association of Scholarly Publishers, International Directory ofScholarly Publishers, 1977

Irving Louis Horowitz, Communicating Ideas: the Crisis in Publishing in a Industrial Society, 1986

Post-EDITORS, REVIEWING, PROPOSALS, STYLE

Book Reviews; Book Proposals; Style

A J Walford, Ed., Reviews and Reviewing, 1986

Contains Religion and Psychology, Science, Medicine, Technology, Art, Literature,Language, History, Archaeology and Geography, and a General Section on ReviewingGerard Gross, Ed., Editors on Editing, Rev Ed., 1985

Contains Copy Editing, Contracts, Scholarly Publishing

Michael Larsen, How to Write a Book Proposal, 1985

Contains: Market Potential, Compelling Introduction - Editors and Agents, Picking Editorsand Publishers, Getting the Best Offer, Appealing to the Mentality of Editors (Most AreCity Editors)

Walter S Achtert, the MLA Style Manual, 1985

Includes Writing and Publishing

AGENTS

Diane Cleaver, the Literary Agent and the Writer: a Professional Guide, 1984

PUBLISHING FOR PROFESSIONALS

Fred J Dorn, Publishing for Professional Development, 1985

Publishing for Academic Authors

Beth Luey, Handbook for Academic Authors, 1987

SELF-PUBLISHING

Dan Poynter, the Self-Publishing Manual, 1986

Robert L Holt, How to Publish, Promote and Sell Your Own Book, 1985

PUBLICITY AND ADVERTISING

Peggy Glenn, Publicity for Books and Authors, 1985

DESKTOP PUBLISHING

These books contain information on hardware, software and use:

Tony Bove, Cheryl Rhodes, Wes Thomas, the Art of Desktop Publishing, 1986

Bill Grout, Irene Athanas Opoulous, Rebecca Kutlin, Desk-Top-Publishing from a to Z,1986

GRAPHIC DESIGN AND CALLIGRAPHY

John Laing, Cons Ed., Do-It-Yourself Graphic Design, 1986

Contains information on basic graphics equipment

Jinnie Y Davis and John J Richardson, Calligraphy: a Source Book, 1982

A bibliography covering the following topics: general calligraphy, Latin, Mayan, Greek,Egyptian, Near Eastern, Arabic, Hebrew, Indian, Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Tibetancalligraphy and lettering

Heather Child, Ed., the Calligrapher's Handbook, 2nd Ed., 1986

Topics: writing instruments, pigments and media, writing surfaces, calligraphy,illuminations, handwriting, printing techniques, binding techniques

John Lancaster, Lettering Techniques, 1982

Contains history, basic calligraphy, italic handwriting, incised lettering, Chinese andJapanese lettering

J I Biegelsen, the a B C of Lettering, 1976

Contains: supplies and equipment, type and lettering terminology, lettering exercises,anatomy of lettering, spacing, reproduction lettering, hand-lettered alphabets, standardtypefaces, photo-lettering, decorative and calligraphic lettering

MANAGEMENT OF RESEARCH AND CREATIVITY RESEARCH AND SOCIETY

National Research Council, the Outlook for Science and Technology: the Next FiveYears, 1982

The topics fall under: I human resources, II natural resources and environment, III researchfrontiers, IV research systems, v new technologies… the Selection of Topics withinThis Group Are Somewhat Special and of Limited Value in Directing Search for Funds

in 1987 - ; However, the General Areas Change Less Rapidly… of Special InterestHere Is the Information in

Roger L Geiger, to Advance Knowledge, 1986

Chronicles the development of the major research universities in America and the factors

of growth: acquisition of social resources - through teaching; converting some of theseresources into a capability for conducting research; development of extramural sourcesearmarked for research Brief contents: history 1865 - 1930s; foundations and privatefunding

L R Bruce Smith and Joseph J Karlesky, the State of Academic Science: theUniversities in the Nation's Research Effort, 1977

Saad Z Nagi and Ronald G Corwin, Eds., the Social Contexts of Research, 1972

Contents: 1 Research enterprise: an overview, 2 Patterns of the institutionalization ofresearch, 3 Basic and applied research, 4 Politics and research, 5 Economics ofresearch, 6 Research settings, 7 Agencies of research support: some sociologicalperspectives, 8 Relations among scientific disciplines, 9 Relations betweenresearchers and practitioners, 10 Forbidden knowledge in public and private opinions,

11 The case of educational research

John Irvine and Ben R Martin, Foresight in Science: Picking the Winners, 1984

This book addresses funding policy for strategic research; that is, scientific-technologicalresearch

Alvin M Weinberg, Reflections in Big Science, 1967

Weinberg, then director of oak ridge national laboratory, discusses the need, benefits,choices and problems of large-mission oriented laboratories The discussion of needsand benefits focuses on the use of science in securing the future of humanity Theproblems are the problems of communication due to specialization and the possibleeffect on development due to impaired cross- fertilization; the choices: among thescientific disciplines; basic and applied, “big” and “little” He discusses internal factors(readiness of a field, competence of scientists) and external factors (technological,social and scientific criteria), specific fields; and the question of support for science as

a whole including support for basic science as a branch of culture and as an overheadcharge on applied science and technology Finally, he discusses relations and unitiesamong science and human values

Committee on Science, Engineering and Public Policy, National Academy of Science,National Academy of Engineering, Institute of Medicine, New Pathways in Science andTechnology, 1985

Contains discussion of directions and facilities: sciences, mathematics and computation,technology; opportunities

Warren O Hagstrom, the Scientific Community, 1965

Discusses sociology of science, social control in science, teamwork and competition,segmentation, the future of science

Stephen Strickland, Ed., Sponsored Research in American Universities and CollegesContains: university research administration - relation to graduate training, relation toacademics, problems of sponsored research; social aspects ; examples of administrativeand organizational arrangements: University of Michigan, Purdue University, PrincetonUniversity, University of Alabama, Tuskegee Institute, and Wesleyan University;concerns: research grants and middlemen, classified research, conflict of interest, costsharing in government-sponsored research

David Eli Drew, Strengthening Academic Science, 1985

Concerned with efficiency in research programming, the book analyzes federal researchfunding schemes and relation to research, comes up with recommendations for federal-funding policy (total and division), and for institutions and scientists.Recommendations for federal-funding programs:

The thrust is catalytic funding programs that use existing but latent facilities; however,there is little analysis of type of research, pilot programs, etc Fund more small-grantstarter programs - to use and develop the resources of peripheral institutions; review ofselection national science foundation program managers; reviewing reviewers; lessreliance on program summary scores; reexamine proposals that someone considers

excellent; more appeals; blind review of technical aspects of proposals - beforeconsidering institution; small-grant programs for faculty travel For institutions: specialconsiderations for junior faculty and new faculty; have a grants and contracts office,teach graduate students career development; consider creative treatment of indirectcosts For individual scientists: devote considerable care to obtaining the best first jobpossible; negotiate in advance conditions (load, seed money, equipment, researchassistants and associates) conducive to research and grants; learn grantsmanship andpersistence, resubmission… ; network; continue seeking appropriate jobs if institutionsblock progress

Though dated, this bibliography is still useful Especially useful are the headings - alogical division of research administration into its component aspects The headings and afew pertinent references are given below Of the general references I have included onlywhat seems to be basic; the rest are research-specific

The Structure of the Organization

Alfred E Brown and Thomas S Osdene, “Twelve Ways to Improve R&D CorporateRelations,” Research Management, 13 (May 1970), 183-190

George P Bush and Lowell H Hattery, Eds., Scientific Research: Its Administration andOrganization, 1950

Contents: research organization, administrative process, research personnel, aids toresearch, research products, principles of administration in research environmentClifford C Furnas, Ed., Research in Industry: Its Organization and Management, 1948James D Grant, “the Future of Nonprofit Research and Development Organizations”,California Management Review, 7 (Summer 1965), 81-91

Carl Heyel, Handbook of Industrial Research Management, 2nd Ed., 1968

William Kornhauser, Scientists in Industry, UC Press, 1967

A Joseph Litterer, “Research Departments within Large Organizations”, CaliforniaManagement Review, 12 (Spring 1970), 77-84

James G March, Handbook of Organizations, Rand McNally, 1965

William Mayhall, Corporate R&D Administration, New York, American ManagementAssociation

Edward B Roberts, the Dynamics of Research and Development, 1964

Jack a Morton, Organizing for Innovation, 1971

James G Partridge, “Organizational Conflict in Academia”, California ManagementReview, 12 (Spring 1971), 85-94

Harold F Robinson, “Universities and Their Response to Research Needs”, Proceedings21st National Conference on the Administration of Research, 1968, Denver ResearchInstitute, 42-49

Management - the Research Administrator

American Management Association, the Management of Scientific Talent, 1963

The major theme is that “sound management techniques must be applied to themanagement of research and a balance must be maintained between the needs of thecompany and those of the individual researcher.”

C J Beattie and R D Reader, Quantitative Management in R&D, 1971

Discusses initiation, planning, control of projects; their evaluation and selection, andproblems of communicating results

Theodore a Burtis, “Defining the Role and Responsibilities of the Research Manager”,Management Report 76, 30-36, New York, American Management Association, 1963Explores (1) running the research organization (2) maintaining contact with the rest of thecompany, coordination of goals

Peter Drucker, The Effective Executive, 1967

Drucker maintains that there is no single effective executive personality Effectiveexecutives (1) know where their time goes, (2) focus on outward contributions, (3)build on strengths, (4) concentrate on the few major areas where superior performancewill produce outstanding results and (5) make effective decisions

George C Evans, Supervising R&D Personnel, New York: American ManagementAssociation, 1969

Covers (1) history and background of R&D, (2) effective management and supervision, (3)selection and assignment of scientists, (4) patterns of leadership, (5) training anddevelopment, (6) group structure, (7) motivation and morale, (8) development and use

of creativity, (9) performance appraisal

Joseph Garbarino, “Managing University Research”, California Management Review, 12(Spring 1970), 67-75

Richard Alan Goodman, “Organizational Preference in Research and Development”,Human Relations, 23 (August 1970), 279-298

Karl Hill, Ed., the Management of Scientists, 1964

James Hillier, “The R&D Manager Wears Five Hats”, Research and Management, 15(July 1972), 33-41

The five hats are: financial, marketing, administrative, personnel, science

Thomas W Jackson and Jack M Spurlock, Research and Development Management,1966

“Elucidates the steps in establishing a research and development capability, administeringthis capability, and sustaining a creative output.” Discusses: 1 General aspects of basic,applied and development research, 2 Nonprofit (state educational, private), privateeducational, private profit, governmental- and company-financed facilities, 3 Staffing:qualities, recruiting, costs, 4 Synergism re: parent company - research division, 5.Creativity, 6 Preparation and selling, 7 Selection and management of research andprojects, 8 Presentation and writing, 9 Economic benefits of research

Delmar W Karger and Robert G Murdick, Managing Engineering Research: Principlesand Problems of Managing the Planning, Development and Execution of Engineering andResearch Activities, 1969

Eugene Raudsepp, Managing Creative Scientists and Engineers, 1963

Managing based on an understanding of the researcher and creativity

Chauncy Starr, “Problems in Making Research Contributions More Effective in theUniversity”, Proceedings 22nd National Conference on the Administration of Research,Denver Research Institute, 1969, 48-57

Decision Making and Planning

William J Abernathy, “Some Issues Concerning the Effectiveness of Parallel Strategies inR&D Projects”, IEEE Transactions of Engineering Management, 18 (August 1971), 80-89

An approach to the uncertainty inherent in research and development - conceptuallyapplicable to other areas

Robert N Anthony, Management Controls in Industrial Research Organizations, 1952

R B Brandenburg and a C Stedry, “Planning and Budgeting in a Multiphase R&DProcess”, in the Research Society, Evelyn Glatt and Maynard W Shelly, Eds., 1968, 393-418

C K Buell, “When to Terminate a Research and Development Project”, ResearchManagement, 10 (July 1967), 275-284

P A Flinn and G F Bolling, “Is There an Objective Way to Spend Corporate Moneys onScientific Research”, Research Management, 13 (January 1970),

63-74

Stuart G Monteith, R&D Administration, 1970

Effective methods, organizational structures Budget preparation Planning and schedulingprojects Methods of control for work progress; and expenditure Patents andinternational R&D organization

George S Odiorne, Management Decision By Objectives, 1962

Gordon C Teal, “Selecting Worthwhile Research Projects”, Management Report 76,

1968, New York: American Management Association, 60-68

Matching research to company goals Selection and evaluation of research projects.Continuing problems

Teamwork in Research or Cooperation and Creativity

George p Bush and Lowell H Hattery, “teamwork and creativity in research”,Administrative Science Quarterly, 1 (December 1956), 361-372

_, Eds., Teamwork in Research, 1953

Contents: 1 Organization, 2 Personnel factors, 3 Aids to teamwork “principles that lead

to teamwork in research are essentially those that lead to teamwork in any endeavor.”

W M Hoyt, “Building the Research Team”, Management Report 76, 1963, New York:American Management Association, 122-128

“The most effective research team will be composed of individuals with reasonablycompatible personalities, but with different values, possessing a variety of skills andeducation as required by the project so that each performs near the upper limits of hiscapability in helping the group achieve its goal.”

Robert E Gee, “How Often Do Research Objectives Match Corporate Goals?” ResearchManagement, 13 (November 1979), 451-459

John C Kennedy and G H Putt, “Administration of Research in a ResearchCorporation”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 1 (December 1956), 326-339

Presents a tool for improving communication between researchers and researchadministrators and its use in planning a large-scale research program

Herbert Menzel, “Scientific Communication: Five Themes from Social ScienceResearch”, American Psychologist, 21 (December 1966) 999-1003

Clifford J Tharp, “The Researcher's Role as Communicator”, Personnel Journal, 50(March 1971, 237-238

Motivation and Research

George Bucher and Richard C Gray, “the Principles of Motivation and How to ApplyThem”, Research Management, 14 (May 1971), 12-23

Motivation of engineers and scientists Reviews selected motivation theories includingMaslow's

Clagget G Smith, “Age of R&D Groups: a Reconsideration”, Human Relations, 23(April 1970), 81-96

Group performance tends to decline after a certain period of time Concerned with some ofthe conditions which may enhance the performance of new and young groups ormaintain the performance of old groups

John H Dessauer, “How a Large Corporation Motivates Its Research and DevelopmentPeople”, Research Management, 14 (May 1971), 51-55

The “home-grown applied psychology” of John Dessauer, vice chairman of the board ofXerox Corp, Rochester, New York

Edward R Frank, “Motivation By Objectives - a Case Study”, Research Management, 12(November 1969), 391-400

“Management by objectives” as a planning method for activities and an educationalmethod for improving the individual's responsibility…

Barney G Glasser, “Differential Association and the Institutional Motivation ofScientists”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 10 (June 1972), 308-339

A scientist's motivation is based on the following internal factors: (1) degree and (2)firmness of commitment (motivation) to advance knowledge… examines propositions(external factors) related to the internal factors

Raymond M Hainer, “Motivation of Group Research”, in Proceedings 11th NationalConference on the Administration of Research, 1958, Denver Research Institute, 83-89How to stimulate group creativity 1 Group relations, 2 Processes that aid or hinder groupstrength, 3 Freedom of creativity, 4 Leadership, 5 Anatomy of group processes

Edward R Hallenberg, “Dual Advancement Ladder Provides Unique Recognition for theScientist”, Research Management, 13 (May 1970), 221-227

Describes the dual ladder system at Westinghouse and its positive effect on jobmotivation An individual contribution ladder parallels the management ladder in rank,position and salary

Willard March, “Rewarding Inventors in Academia”, Research Management, 15 (January1972), 71-74

1 Difference between inventors in industry and academia, 2 Appropriate rewards, 3.Types of award arrangement

Jud Morris, the Art of Motivating, 1968

1 Provides insight into what it takes to make individuals and teams achieve peakperformance, and 2 Discusses help in self-motivation the first step in getting moreaccomplished through others

Kenneth a Propp, “a Communication Challenge: Promoting and RecognizingCreativity”, Personnel Journal, 51 (August 1972), 596-598

Evaluation and Measurement

Frank M Andrew, “Factors Affecting Manifestation of Creative Ability By Scientists”,Journal of Personality, 30 (March 1965), 140-152

Relation between creative ability and creative performance is factored into 1 Strength ofmotivation, 2 Probability of deciding to communicate ideas, 3 Adequacy ofcommunication channels, 4 Probability of ideas being received

Ralph E Burgess, “Criteria for Evaluation of Industrial Scientific Research”,Management of Scientific Talent, 1963, New York: American Management Association,222-235

Criteria considered: importance to nation, industry, individual firm…

Ronald J Burke, “Why Performance Appraisal Systems Fail”, Personnel Administration,

35 (June 1972), 32-40

Francis G Caro, Ed., Readings in Evaluation Research, 1971

Unifies scattered material on evaluation research Concerns: nature of evaluation, role inresearch programs of directed change, organizational context, methodologicalstrategies

Dean V Burton, Evaluating, Selecting, Controlling R&D Projects, New York, AmericanManagement Association, 1968

Idea generating and handling; project evaluation, selection and control; project compilation(completion) and termination; role of R&D management; impact of R&D onperformance

E C Galloway, “Evaluating R&D Performance - Keep It Simple”, ResearchManagement, 14 (March 1971), 50-58

Describes a simplified approach and its benefits (time saving, brevity and ease ofunderstanding, communicating with management, basis of comparison with previousperformance)

Robert E Gee, “A Survey of Current Project Selection Practice,” Research Management,

Recommends qualitative and quantitative measures in performance factors

Ben-Ami Lipetz, Measurement and Efficiency of Scientific Research, 1965

Discusses the efficiency concept, its limitations, objectives and social value of science,scientific content, problems in research administration

Richard F Moore, “the Quiet R&D Revolution: Ways to Meet the Increasing Pressure onR&D Organizations”, Research Management, 12 (January 1969),

“Evaluation is the process of judging performance in order to guide action”

Environment and Research Organization

Knut Holt, “Creativity and Organizational Climate”, Work Study and ManagementServices, 15 (September 1971), 576-583

W D Lewis, “Individual Creativeness in Group Research”, in Proceedings of the 11thNational Conference on the Administration of Research, 15-21

George H Litwin and Robert a Stringer, Jr., Motivation and Organizational Climate,1968

Need for achievement, power, affiliation-relation to organizational climate and effect onmotivation Contains practical guides to managers on motivation

S M Parmerter and J D Garber, “Creative Scientists Rate Creativity Factors”, ResearchManagement, 14 (November 1971), 65-70

“One hundred scientists designated as creative (consistently devise effective and uniquesolutions to problems) by their peers, give their views on personal and environmentalcharacteristics that influence effective R&D action.”

Donald C Pelz and Frank M Andrews, Scientists in Organizations: Productive Climatesfor Research and Development, 1966

Factors discussed include 1 Autonomy of scientists and their influence on subordinates, 2.Scientist's relations with others - in the organization or outside it, 3 Time spent ontechnical research; diversity of interests and organizational function, 4 Scientist'sindependent work, 5 Motivation, 6 Creativity, 7 Productivity…

Selection of Researchers

Glenn a Basset, Practical Interviewing: a Handbook for Managers, 1965

Communication skills for the manager in interview, hiring process, need for job(assignment) definition Types of interview: “tough-guy”, client-centered counseling,Freudian, intellectual discourse, chaotic

Marvin D Dunnette, Personnel Selection and Placement, 1966

Includes a discussion of selection vs Vocational guidance strategies

Harish C Jain, “the Selection Process and Hiring the Engineer Scientist”, CanadianPersonnel and Industrial Relations Journal, 18 (October 1971), 23-28

Selection processes for scientists and engineers engaged in research and development inCanadian industry

Donald H Mclaughlin, “Research Personnel - Selecting and Understanding”, PersonnelJournal, 43 (March 1964), 133-136, 148

“The interviewer should know something about the field, in order to evaluate the man”Wilber C Myers, “the Selection of Researchers”, Management of Scientific Talent,Jerome W Blood, Ed., 1963, 113-121

Author suggests: locating applicant; evaluation by management of applicant, by applicant

of position; decision and follow-up

Research Management - Recent -1987

Augustus Abbey, Technological Innovation: the R&D Work Environment, Gunter Duffy,Ed., 1982

Barry Bozeman, Et Al., Eds., Strategic Management of Industrial R&D, 1984

Marvin J Cetron, Quantitative Decision Aiding Techniques for Industrial Research andDevelopment Management, 1972

J H Dumbleton, Management of High Technology Research and Development, 1984

S R Epston, Et Al., Managing Interdisciplinary Research, 1984

E M Kipp, People Aspects of Research and Development Management: Attracting andRetaining R&D Personnel, 1967

Devendra Sahal, Research, Development and Technical Innovation, 1980

George S Tolley, Et Al., Eds., the Economics of R&D Policy, 1985

Shiv Vishvanathan, Organizing for Science: the Making of an Industrial ResearchLaboratory, 1985

Research in Science and Technology: Methods and Administration

David Allison, Ed The R&D Game: Technical Men, Technical Managers and ResearchProductivity, 1969

Part I The man - creativity, diversity, freedom in research

Part II Environment

Part III The organization… includes designing the technical company

Sir John Cockroft, the Organization of Research Establishments, 1966

I decided that one approach to effective study of research organizations is to reviewdescriptions of actual operations This book, though twenty years old (1987), describes

a number of leading British (mostly), American (bell labs), and European (CERN)research organizations in the words of (usually) their chief administrators These menare leaders in their fields A 1990's version of this book is needed This type of book is

a good complement to any “how to” publication… see a review and a summary of keypoints on research management

This book is reviewed below

Lewis E Lloyd, Efficient Research, 1965

Discusses: a Importance of research, b Problem solving and creative thinking, c Resultsand dissemination, d Selecting problems and researchers; training, e The researchorganization, g Morale and motivation, h Research equipment

Nick Moore, How to Do Research, 1983

Contents: 1 Objectives - statement, 2 Selecting best methods, 3 Proposal, 4 Gettingsupport, 5 Organizing research projects, 6 Execution, 7 Review process, 8.Conclusions and recommendations, 9 The report, 10 Dissemination

Review: Sir John Cockroft, Ed., the Organization of Research Establishments,1966

This is a valuable book describing experience in administration of research at a number

of research establishments (eleven British, one United States - bell labs, and oneEuropean - CERN, European organization for nuclear research) The chapter authors areaccomplished individuals - usually the directors of the organization A spectrum oforganizations is discussed - national, industrial, multinational (CERN) The function andoperation of the organizations is considered as it relates to performance Organization isconsidered in its situation specific and experiential aspects An introduction and a finalchapter discuss, in a more generalized way, conditions for creativity, quality and a well-run establishment

Introduction: John Cockroft

A good director, clear objectives, good selection of staff, a good intellectual environment,efficient but minimal organization - are important in basic research Applied research ismore complex: because of the size, and need, in industry, to choose profitable lines ofwork The additional problems are organization of research and responsibility; selection,from among basic research findings, of projects which can be applied profitably to theobjectives - that is, applied research projects which include the resolution of practicalproblems, often initially unforeseen; elimination of projects - it may be valuable torecognize at the original point of selection that some projects will not work out, and, insome optimal sense, work this into selection; the problems of development, includingbuilding of prototypes which comes after development

Additional considerations: focusing: the work of a group or groups of scientists - perhapsfrom several different disciplines; cross fertilization: between divisions and coordination

- and prevention of growth of barriers; provision of a first-class information system ;human relations: the creative ideas of young scientists should flow upward and bequickly considered; provision of facilities; fair and democratic selection and promotion;recognition of “support” personnel (technicians, clerical staff, draftsmen, craftsmen,

skilled and unskilled workers); good relations between scientists and administrators:facilitation of the scientists' work by provision of services and financial control - overalladministration (such as, annual budget) is central, but detailed decision (expenditurewithin budget) are best done by divisions or groups (with administrative assistance forcontrol); avoiding the inefficiency of over-administration

The Research Establishments

These chapters are interesting and useful They show the genesis of principle; theresponse to specific needs; a variety of structures; interactions with industry, universities,government; role in overall socio-technical change; questions of centralization and size;role of leadership; and so on

What Makes a Good Research Establishment - Sir Edward Bullard

1 Objective: central problem of management of research - how to keep scientists happyand productive Difficulties due to difference between research and universitylaboratories

2 Assessment: climate of opinion - a key in research productivity

3 Considerations: combining people with different attitudes to work: researcher,technician, etc Researchers: “like working on problems of their own choosing, withadequate facilities, in a pleasant place, with colleagues of similar tastes, in a society thatvalues the kind of work and is willing to pay a competitive price for it.”

4 Solutions: a pleasant environment is reasonably easy to provide but requires awarenessand money Scientists can be persuaded (often enough) to work on new problems ofimportance to the establishment provided the relevance of the problem to an importantoverall scheme or picture is shown and if the rest of the group is enthusiastic about theproject work

On selection: projects: must be selected and revised within the constraints of budget,facilities and staff according to criteria of usefulness (practicability) and diversity (some);staff and facilities must not be overtaxed to the point of inefficiency; value of projects isdetermined by value if successful and probability of success The problem of stoppingwork on a project that is no longer important or useful or budgetable must be addressedand acted on, but is difficult because of personal investment Perhaps the best resolutionlies in an understanding, and even involvement, by the staff of the factors of selection.This problem is also of importance to avoid individual stagnation and production ofrounded and useful research personnel The problem of importance - long term - isdifficult It is one of choices - but the author does not address the question of this choice.Chance is undoubtedly a factor However, rationality is possible (1) through a network ofresearch institutions - some regional, national or industrial coalition, and work at different