CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA CE 134L ELEMENTARY SURVEYING LAB INTRODUCTION TO LAB PROCEDURES

CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONACE 134L ELEMENTARY SURVEYING LABORATORY Mapping Project 50% Straight Edge Engineer's Scale 1 Lab#1 Introduction to Laboratory Procedures La

CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA

CE 134L ELEMENTARY SURVEYING LAB INTRODUCTION TO LAB PROCEDURES

the bookstore or at survey supply stores) All notes shall be printed

legibly in pencil using 2H or harder lead Laboratory notes

written in cursive or written with soft lead (which smears) will have

points deducted All calculations are to be shown in general

equation form, as well as at least one specific example employing the actual measurements made during the course

of the fieldwork The procedures for the individual labs and some

examples of note taking styles are provided in the following pages ofthis manual

1 Complete all data as required by the instructor and/or by the outline of each

individual lab

2 The title of each lab shall be clearly written on the first page of the lab notes

3 All pages shall be numbered in the upper or lower corners

4 A complete sketch of the survey must be included The sketch should include

bearings and distances (where applicable), call outs, north arrow and scale,label angles, label buildings, sidewalks, trees, significant physical feature andany other notes as necessary

5 List the date, weather, temperature, equipment used that day

8 Show general equations along with at least one specific numerical example for

each new calculation for clarity and verification

9 Include anything else specified by the instructor during the lecture

1 Integrity - Measurements that are forgotten or not written down could negate

the effectiveness of the notes for plotting or for further calculations This couldresult in having to return to the field in order to complete the survey NOTE:Field notes may later be used as evidence of work performed in a court case orlitigation

2 Accuracy - The most important requirement Care must be taken not only when

taking the measurement, but also when writing the measurement down.Transposed numbers could mean having to survey a site twice

3 Organization - Notes that are arranged properly (orderly) for the type of survey

performed helps contribute to accuracy and integrity

4 Clarity - Notes that are clearly written help make errors and omissions more

apparent thus reducing the chance of future problems

5 Forms - Examples of the various forms of note taking are included in this manual

6 All submitted notebooks must contain a table of contents, similar to the

following page.

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II LABORATORY RULES

A There shall be absolutely NO HORSEPLAY.

B All equipment is to be treated with the utmost respect using diligent care

C The field instruments should be carried in their cases and placed on the tripod only

after the tripod has been set up and checked for sturdiness

D A crew will be assigned - generally consisting of four people The crew will appoint a

new leader (party chief) for each day of surveying The party chief will be responsiblefor the proper performance of the survey, proper handling of the equipment, and ingeneral make decisions in the field The party chief will also inventory the locker aftereach lab session and sign and date the inventory list indicating all equipment has beenreturned and is in proper working order

E Any equipment that is not working properly should be reported to the instructor as soon as

it is noticed

III EQUIPMENT INVENTORY

All equipment is kept in room 1679A All equipment should be in good working order Pleaseinventory your equipment at the beginning and at the end of each laboratory session If any of the listed

equipment is missing or is broken, notify your Laboratory instructor immediately Each group is

responsible for the equipment in their care Failure to notify the instructor of missing or damagedequipment could result in your group having to pay for the damaged or missing items

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CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY, POMONA

CE 134L ELEMENTARY SURVEYING LABORATORY

Mapping Project 50%

Straight Edge

Engineer's Scale

1 Lab#1 Introduction to Laboratory Procedures

Lab#2 Chaining on Level Ground

Lab#4 Differential Leveling

3 Lab#5 Differential Leveling (Continued)

Lab#6 Introduction to Angular Measurement (Total Station)

4 Lab#7 Interior Angles of a Polygon (Total Station)

Lab#8 Interior Angles of a Polygon (Continued)

Lab#10 Mapping Project - Data Collection

6 Lab#11 Mapping Project - Data Collection

Lab#12 Mapping Project - Data Collection

7 Lab#13 Mapping Project - Data Collection

Lab#14 Mapping Project - Data Collection

8 Lab#15 Mapping Project - Data Collection

Lab#16 Mapping Project - Data Collection

9 Lab#17 Mapping Project - Data Collection

Lab#18 Mapping Project - Data Collection

10 Lab#19 Mapping Project - Data Collection

Lab#20 Mapping Project - Data Collection NOTE: The lecture and the laboratory are meant to compliment each other If you have anyquestions concerning the laboratory or the lecture, please ask the instructor

CE 134L ELEMENTARY SURVEYING LABORATORY

LABORATORY #1 INTRODUCTION

Location: Surveying Laboratory

Equipment Needed:

None

Objectives: To Introduce Student to Course, Cover Safety Issues and Background Material

INSTRUCTOR NAME Dr Howard Turner, P.L.S., M.R.I.C.S., F.I.A.E.

OFFICE 17-2683 Tel 909-869-2645

E-MAIL School hturner@csupomona.edu

MAIL ADDRESS

Dr Howard Turner P.L.S., M.R.I.C.S., F.I.A.E

Department of Civil EngineeringCalifornia State Polytechnic University, Pomona

3801 W Temple Ave

Pomona, CA 91768

DEPARTMENT SECRETARY

Ms Angela HicksDepartment of Civil EngineeringCalifornia State Polytechnic University, Pomona

CE 134L ELEMENTARY SURVEYING LABORATORY

LABORATORY #2

CHAINING ON LEVEL GROUND (ORDINARY PRECISION)

Location: POLYGON in the rose garden

Objectives: To use the 100 ft steel tape to measure the sides of a polygon with the

tape held flat against the ground and using plumb bobs with the tape held up off the ground

Equipment:

100 ft steel tapeTwo 18oz plumb bobs

3 nails per party Flagging

Instructions:

1 Instructor will set a temporary polygon

2 Each party will measure all legs of the polygon

3 Each party will move around the polygon in a clockwise direction

4 The first part of the exercise will be the flat chaining

5 The second part of the exercise will be chaining with the plumb bobs, holding the tape

approximately one to two feet from the ground The parties will again move clockwisearound the polygon

6 Field books will include a sketch of the polygon, callouts for the points used and/or set

and the average distances measured in the field

(See next page for sample notes)

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CE 134L ELEMENTARY SURVEYING LABORATORY

LABORATORY #3

CHAINING OVER UNEVEN GROUND (BREAK CHAINING)

Objectives: To introduce the student to Break Chaining

Equipment:

100' steel tapePlumb bobs

6 nails with flagging

Instructions:

1 Locate the seven-sided polygon shown in the attached diagram

2 Each party begins to measure on different sides of the polygon

3 Each line will be measured in both directions so that the precision for the measurement

may be calculated

4 The rear chainman will provide "line" and "level"

5 The head chainman pulls with the tension labeled on the tape to eliminate the need to

perform a correction for pull calculation

6 All sides of the polygon are to be measured by all parties It is important that this

exercise is completed because the distances will be used for your lab project

7 Reference all found points of the polygon (i.e Fd lead and tack in N.E cor of conc

elec vault)

8 Record all raw data, draw a detailed sketch of the polygon and the surrounding area,

label the polygon points and show at least one sample of each calculation performed forcorrections and precision

(See sample notes on the following pages)

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CE 134L ELEMENTARY SURVEYING LABORATORY

LABORATORY #4 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TEMPORARY BENCH MARKS

Objectives: To introduce the student to leveling instruments and spirit leveling.

Equipment:

Automatic LevelTripod

Philadelphia Rod

Instructions:

1 Locate the benchmark on the West Side of the College of Engineering building(building number 9) The benchmark is a brass cap set flush in the sidewalk andstamped "State of California, Department of Public Works" The elevation of thisbenchmark is 765.67 feet above sea level

2 Set up the level so that the rod can be read

3 Place the Philadelphia Rod on the benchmark and take a reading

4 Read and record the backsight as the rod is being rocked slowly forward and backward.The lowest number is the correct reading

5 Move the rod to the foresight position (turning point) and read and record the foresightwhile the rod is being rocked Again, look for the lowest number

6 The location of the rod in the foresight position is maintained and the level is movedand set up down line Use the hand level to determine the required instrument heightwhen setting up If this step is skipped, there is a good chance that the rod will not bevisible after the instrument is leveled

7 The rod is then rotated 180° and becomes the backsight for the new position

By a successive number of setups, elevations are transferred to the Spike on the AC path near

west end of Old Horse Stables.(point "A") The spike is a temporary benchmark orT.B.M as surveyors call it

Running the elevations back to the original benchmark completes the level loop The final

elevation should not differ from the elevation of the brass cap by more than 0.1 foot

(See sample of leveling notes on the following pages)

LEVELING PROCEDURE FOR THREE FOOTSCREWS

The above figure illustrates the position of the telescope in the leveling process The procedure is asfollows:

1 The telescope is positioned so the bubble is parallel with a line joining any two of the

screws (see figure A)

2 The footscrews are rotated uniformly in opposite directions until the bubble is centered

in the level tube

3 The telescope is then rotated so that the bubble is now perpendicular to the line

between the two screws (see figure b)

4 Steps 1, 2, and 3 are repeated as necessary until the bubble remains centered in both

positions of the telescope

5 The telescope is turned 180° If the bubble does not remain in the center of its run, the

instrument is out of adjustment

6 The instrument may still be used but the leveling procedure must be corrected for

maladjustment

7 Note the number of divisions that the bubble is off center Adjust the footscrews to

move the bubble half the number of divisions

8 It should be noted that the instrument is level if the bubble remains in the same position

when the telescope is revolved, regardless of whether or not that position is in thecenter of the vial

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CE 134L ELEMENTARY SURVEYING LABORATORY

LABORATORY #5 THE ESTABLISHMENT OF TEMPORARY BENCH MARKS

Objectives: To develop initial leveling exercise.

Equipment:

Automatic Level Tripod

Philadelphia Rod

Instructions:

1 Complete the level loop that was begun in the previous lab

2 The elevation of the temporary benchmark should be checked with the instructor

3 If the elevation is grossly in error, the whole level loop should be run again Students learnfrom the initial experience The level loop should close within 0.1 ft of the initial elevation ofthe benchmark

4 If time allows, level around the polygon by the Old Horse Stables and establish heights forpoints B, C, D, E, and F

(See example notes on the next page)

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CE 134L ELEMENTARY SURVEYING LABORATORY

CE 144 LABORATORY #6 CLOSING THE HORIZON

Objectives: To introduce the student to total stations and the measurement of horizontal angles by

closing the horizon

Equipment:

Totl Station Tripod

Instructions:

1 Each person will perform the exercise and keep their own notes

2 Assemble the total station on the tripod, and level the transit over one of the points of thepolygon

3 Sight the back sight point with the vertical cross hair

4 When the vertical cross hair is close to the target, tighten the fast motion screw and bring thevertical cross hair onto the target with the slow motion tangent screw

5 Set the back sight to zero

6 Loosen the fast motion screw and turn the angle in a clockwise direction (angle right) to theforesight point When the cross hair is close to the target, clamp the fast motion screw andbring the vertical cross hair onto the target with the slow motion tangent screw Record thehorizontal angle

7 Repeat the process using the foresight point as the new backsight point and again turning angleright

8 The sum of the two angles should be 360°

(See sample notes that follow)

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SETUP PROCEDURES FOR THE TRANSIT

1 Remove the transit from its case (never hold the transit by the telescope) and place it on the

tripod

2 Place the instrument roughly over the desired point The tripod legs are adjusted so that the

instrument is at a convenient height for the group members and the tripod plate should benearly level

3 The optical plummet is used to position the instrument over the point Push one tripod leg

firmly into the ground Look through the optical plummet and hold the tripod by the other twolegs With the third leg embedded in the ground, gently lift the other two legs and rotate thetripod until point is in the bull’s eye of the optical plummet

4 When the point is in the bull’s eye, the legs of the tripod are pushed into the ground

5 The instrument is approximately level To level the instrument, use the fish eye bubble The

legs of the tripod are used to bring the fish eye bubble into the center circle Loosen the wingnut on one of the legs and slide the leg up or down Watch the bubble and rotate around each

leg until the bubble is in the center Hint: Use the leg opposite the bubble displacement.

Note: If you use the leveling screws on the instrument, the bull’s eye on the optical plummet will move away from the point.

6 Slide the transit over until it is precisely over the point

7 Make final adjustments to the leveling screws Make sure after making any adjustments that the

optical plummet is still centered over the desired point

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CE 134L ELEMENTARY SURVEYING LABORATORY

CE 144 LABORATORY #7 MEASUREMENT OF INTERIOR ANGLES OF A CLOSED POLYGON

Objectives: To measure the interior angles of a polygon, determine the error of angular

closure, apply corrections and to introduce the student to total stations

1 Each party starts on a different vertex and moves clockwise around the polygon Each

person takes observations and readings on the instrument

2 Set up the instrument over the point using the optical plummet

3 Turn the instrument on (chrome switch on the side) Sight in on the back sight point and

set zero

4 Turn each angle of the polygon (angle right) Measure the angle twice If the angle

differs by more than 10” repeat the measurement

5 Divide the final reading by two to obtain the mean reading

7 Each angle of the polygon is to be measured in the same fashion The angles are to be

summed to perform a field check Sum of the Interior Angles=(N-4) x 90° where

N=number of sides of the polygon

8 The angular closure is calculated The misclosure is distributed equally to each angle

9 Care should be taken as these angular measurements are to be used for the lab project

(See next page for sample notes)