TÀI LIỆU ôn THI TNPT ANH 12 2021

Trường TH THCS THPT Trịnh Hoài Đức TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI TN THPT TIẾNG ANH 12 > NĂM HỌC 2020 2021 Full Name 1 CÁCH NHẬN BIẾT TỪ LOẠI WORLD FORM a Cánh nhận biết danh từ danh từ thườ.

1 CÁCH NHẬN BIẾT TỪ LOẠI: WORLD FORM

a Cánh nhận biết danh từ : danh từ thường có các hậu tố sau:

-TION/ -ATION invention, information, education

-ER (chỉ người) teacher, worker, writer, singer

-OR (chỉ người) inventor, visitor, actor

-IST (chỉ người) physicist, biologist, chemist

-AR/-ANT/-EE (chỉ người) beggar, assistant, employee

-ISM (chủ nghĩa) pessimism, optimism

-(I)TY possibility, responsibility, reality, beauty

(verb)-AL refusal, arrival, survival

b Cánh nhận biết tính từ: tính từ thường có các hậu tố sau:

-LESS (nghĩa phủ định) homeless, careless

(noun)-Y (có nhiều) rainy, snowy, windy

(noun)-LY (có vẻ, hàng ngày giờ.ngày ) friendly, yearly, daily

(noun)-AL (thuộc về) natural, cutural

c Cánh nhận biết động từ : động từ thường có tiền tố hoặc hậu tố sau:

Tiền tố EN- endanger, enlarge, enrich (làm giàu), encourage (động viên) -FY classify, satisfy, beautify

-IZE, -ISE socialize, modernize, industrialize

d Cánh nhận biết trạng từ : trạng từ thường có hậu tố -LY Ex: beautifully, carefully, suddenly, carelessly, recently

Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ:

- good (a) well (adv): giỏi, tốt

- late (a) late / lately (adv): trễ, chậm

- ill (a) ill (adv): xấu, tồi, kém

- fast (a) fast (adv): nhanh

- hard (a) hard (adv): tích cực, vất vả, chăm chỉ hardly (adv): hầu như không

2 Chức năng của một số từ loại:

a Danh từ (Noun) Sau tính từ (adj + N) They are interesting books.

Sau

- mạo từ: a /an / the

- từ chỉ định: this, that, these, those, every, each, …

- từ chỉ số lượng: many, some, few, little, several

- tính từ sở hữu: my, his, her, your, our, their, its…

He is a student.

These flowers are beautiful.

She needs some water.

She meets a lot of people.

Sau giới từ (prep + N) He talked about the story yesterday.

He is interested in music.

Trước V chia thì (N làm chủ từ) The main has just arrived.

Sau enough (enough + N) I don’t have enough money to buy that

house

b Tính từ (Adj)

Trước N (Adj + N) This is an interesting books.

Sau: become, get, look, feel, taste, smell, seem … It becomes hot.

She feels sad.

Sau trạng từ (adv + adj): extremely (cực kỳ),

completely (hoàn toàn), really (thực sự), terribly,

very, quite, rather, …

It is extremely cold.

I’m terribly sorry.

She is very beautiful.

Sau too ( be + too + adj) That house is too small.

Trước enough (be + adj + enough) The house isn’t large enough

Trong cấu trúc: be + so + adj + that She was so angry that she can’t speak.

A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my, … + (Adj)

How beautiful the girl is!

What an interesting film!

c Trạng từ (Adv)

Đầu câu hoặc trước dấu phẩy Unfortunately, I couldn’t come the party.

Sau too V + too + adv They walked too slowly to catch the bus.

Trong cấu trúc V + so + adv + that Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident.

Trước enough V + adv + enough You should write clearly enough for every body to

read

*** PRONUNCIATION OF -ed ( phát âm –ed )

Động từ có quy tắc thêm –ed được phát âm như sau:

1 Phát âm /ɪd/ khi từ có tận cùng là : t, te, d,de

2 Phát âm là /t/:khi từ kết thúc là : p,pe, k,ke,ph,gh,f,fe, ch,sh,ce, th ,x,ss

3 Phát âm /d/ khi từ kết thúc là những phụ âm còn lại

PRONUNCIATION OF -s/-es( phát âm s/es) Cách phát âm –s hoặc –es sau động từ hoặc danh từ phụ thuộc vào âm đứng phía trước nó Động từ hoặc danh từ khi thêm –s hoặc –es được phát âm như sau:

1 Phát âm /ɪz/ khi từ có tận cùng là /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/ : Ss, ch , sh, ge,x,z,ce

2 Phát âm /s/ sau động từ hoặc danh từ tận cùng bằng những âm vô thanh /p/, /k/, /f/, /θ/, /t/ :

p,pe,k,ke,f,fe,gh,ph, th,t,te,

3 Phát âm /z/ sau động từ hoặc danh từ tận cùng bằng âm còn lại

EXERCISE 1: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others

EXERCISE 2: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others

STRESS WORDS ( dấu nhấn trọng âm )

1 Đa số các động từ 2 âm tiết thì trọng âm chính nhấn vào âm tiết thứ 2 :

Example :

En’joy co’llect es’cape de’stroy en’joy re’peat A’llow as’sist

ac’cept re’lax a’ttract a’ccent Ex’plain de’scend for’get

a’llow main’tain con’sent

Ngoại trừ : động từ có 2 âm tiết nhấn vào âm tiết đầu có tận cùng là : er, ern,en ie, ish, ow, y:

‘offer, ‘happen , ‘answer , ‘enter , ‘listen , ‘open, ‘finish, ‘study, ‘follow, ‘narrow

2 Đa số các danh từ và tính từ 2 âm tiết thì trọng âm chính nhấn vào âm tiết thứ 1:

Example :

‘mountain ‘evening ‘butcher ‘carpet ‘busy ‘village

‘summer ‘birthday ‘porter ‘pretty ‘morning ‘winter

‘beggar ‘table ‘handsome

Ngoại trừ : ma’chine mis’take a’lone a’sleep, de’sign, be’lief, ac’cept, de’mand……… .

- Danh từ tận cùng –OO hay –OON: trọng âm đặt trên vần này

Ex: after’noon, bam’boo, bal’loon……

3 Các từ tận cùng bằng các đuôi : - ety, - ity, - ion ,- sion, - cial,- ically, - ious, -eous, - ian, - ior, - iar, iasm - ience, - iency, - ient, - ier, - ic, - ics, -ial, -ical, -ible, -uous, -ics*, ium, - logy, - sophy,- graphy - ular, - ulum , thì trọng âm nhấn vào âm tiết ngay truớc nó ( chủ yếu từ có 3 âm tiết trở lên)

- ance , ence, ant, ent : A’ttendance , a’ttendant , inde’pendence….

- ian : lib’rarian, poli’tician

- ience/ient : ‘ conscience, e’fficient

- iar ,ior : fa’miliar , in’terior

- ic, ical : po’etic , po’etical ngoại trừ : ‘cathonic (thiên chúa giáo ), ‘lunatic (âm lịch) , ‘arabic (ả rập) , ‘politics (chính trị học) a’rithmetic (số học)

- eous: simul’taneous ( đồng thời), spon’taneous (tự phát )

- ious : com’pendious ( súc tích ), vic’torious ( chiến thắng)

- ous : ‘ famous , tre’mendous ( vĩ đại )

- ity : ‘ unity (sự hợp nhất ), fami’liarity (sự than mật)

- ory : ‘ memory , ‘factory

- ury : ‘ injury , mercury

- ular : regular , particular

- ive : suggestive (dễ gợi lien tưởng), instinctive ( theo bản năng), expensive

- cial : special

- tial : spatial (thuộc về không gian )

- cion : suspicion (sự ghi ngờ )

- sion : discussion

- tion : nation, preventation

4 Các từ kết thúc bằng – ate, ite, ary, ative, ude, ute - cy*, -ty, -phy, -gy - fy, ply, ize, Ise - Nếu 3 vần hoặc trên 3 vần thì trọng âm nhấn vào vần thứ 3 từ cuồi lên

‘Senate Com’municate ‘regulate ‘playmate cong’ratulate ‘concentrate

‘activate ‘complicate, appetite(cảm giác ngon miệng ) , solitude (cảnh cô đơn), institute (viện, cơsở) tech’nology, e`mergency, ‘certainty ‘biology , geography phi’losophyconclude, simplify, multiply, criticize, compromise ( thỏa hiệp)

5 Các từ tận cùng bằng đuôi - ade, - ee, - ese, - eer, - ette, - oo, -oon , - ain (chỉ động từ), -esque,- isque, -aire ,-mental, -ever, - self thì trọng âm nhấn ở chính các đuôi này :

Lemo’nade Chi’nese deg’ree pion’eer ciga’rette kanga’roo sa’loon colon’nade

GRAMMAR OF GRADE 12 A.TO-INFINITIVES / BARE INFINITIVES / GERUNDS ( V-ing)

(Động từ nguyên mẫu có “to”, nguyên mẫu không “to”, danh động từ)

1 To-infinitive / Infinitive with to ( động từ theo sau là “To-V”)

* V + to-inf

- hope: hy vọng - offer: đề nghị - expect: mong đợi

- plan: lên kế họach - refuse: từ chối - want: muốn

- promise: hứa - pretend: giả vờ - fail: thất bại, hỏng

- attempt: cố gắng, nỗ lực - tend: có khuynh hướng - threaten: đe dọa

- intend: định - seem: dường như - decide: quyết định

- manage: xoay sở, cố gắng - agree: đồng ý - ask: yêu cầu

- afford: đáp ứng - arrange: sắp xếp - tell: bảo

- appear: hình như - learn: học/ học cách - invite: mời

- would like - offer: cho, tặng, đề nghị

* Trong các cấu trúc:

+ It takes / took + O + thời gian + to-inf

+ chỉ mục đích

+ bổ ngữ cho danh từ hoặc đại từ: S + V + Noun / pronoun + to-inf

I have some letters to write.

Is there anything to eat?

+ S + V + too + adj / adv + to-inf

+ S + V + adj / adv + enough + to-inf

+ S + find / think / believe + it + adj + to-inf

Ex: I find it difficult to learn English vocabulary.

- Sau các từ nghi vấn: what, who, which, when, where, how,…(nhưng thường không dùng sau why)

Ex: I don’t know what to say.

2 Bare infinitive / Infinitive without to ( động từ theo sau là động từ nguyên mẫu không có “to” )

a Động từ chỉ giác quan

- S + hear/heard , sound, smell/smelt, taste, feel/felt, watch, notice, see/saw, + O + V1

(chỉ sự hoàn tất của hành động – nghe hoặc thấy toàn bộ sự việc diễn ra)

Ex: I saw her get off the bus.

b/ S + Let, make/made /had better/ would rather + V1

*Except : bị động của make: be + made + to-V1

- help + V1 / to-inf

- help + O + V1 / to-inf

Ex: My brother helped me do my homework.

My brother helped me to do my homework.

c Sau modal verbs : S+ can/ could/ may/ must/ will/ should/ shall/ might/ ought to + V1

3 Gerund (V-ing)

* V + V-ing

- mention: đề cập đến - quit: từ bỏ - risk: có nguy cơ

- fancy: thích - deny: phủ nhận - enjoy = like = love

- imagine: tưởng tượng - miss: bỏ lỡ - It is no use: không có ích

- It is no good: không tốt - postpone: hoãn lại - suggest: đề nghị

- hate: ghét

- give up = stop

- waste / spend : lãng phí, bỏ ra (thời gian, tiền bạc)

- have difficulty / trouble: gặp khó khăn/trở ngại

- can’t help: không thể không

- can’t stand / can’t bear: không chịu đựng nỗi

- feel like: cảm thấy thích

- look forward to: mong chờ, mong đợi

- It is (not) worth: đáng / không đáng

- keep / keep on: tiếp tục

- be busy + V-ing

- be used to / get used to

* Sau các liên từ: after, before, when, while, since,…

Ex: After finishing his homework, he went to bed

* Sau các giới từ: on, in, at, with, about, from, to, without, ….

Ex: My sister is interested in listening to pop music.

- Các động từ chỉ tri giác: hear, sound, smell, taste, feel, watch, notice, see, listen, find + O + V-ing (chỉ

sự việc đang diễn ra)

Ex: I smell something burning in the kitchen.

- Sau các động từ: - Spend/ waste + time/ money + V-ing

+ find / leave / catch / have + O + V- ing

- Sau: go/ come + Ving

4 Infinitive and gerund (To-inf / V-ing)

+ try + V-ing: thử

+ try + to-inf: cố gắng

+ need + V-ing = need + to be + V3: cần được (bị động)

+ need + to-inf: cần (chủ động)

Ex: I need to wash my car.

My car is very dirty It needs washing / to be washed ( xe của tôi rất bẩn, nó cần đc rửa)

+ regret + V-ing : hối tiếc 1 việc gì trong quá khứ ( đã thực hiện rồi)

+ Regret + to-V : hối tiếc 1 việc gì sắp sảy ra( chưa thực hiện)

+ Remember/ don’t forget + to Verb: nhắc nhở việc gì

+ Remember/ don’t forget + V-ing: Nhắc nhở việc gì trong quá khứ.

+ Stop + to-inf: Dừng để làm gì

+ Stop + V-ing: Dừng hẳn việc gì.

+ allow / permit/ advise / recommend + O + to-inf She allowed me to use her pen.

+ allow / permit / advise / recommend + V-ing She didn’t allow smoking in her room

*Exercise: Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets :

1 Tom regrets ( spend ) _too much time ( play ) _ computer games.

2 Students stopped ( make ) noise when the teacher came in

3 He’ll try ( not make) _ the same mistake again.

4 Would you mind ( turn ) _off the radio ?

5 When you see Tom, remember ( give ) him my regards.

6 They postponed ( build ) an elementary school for lack of finance.

7 It’s no use ( advise ) him He never allows anybody (give) advice.

8 Is there anything here worth ( buy ) ?

9 My parents decided ( take ) a taxi because it was late.

10 Tom refused (give) me his address

B CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (Câu điều kiện)

1 TYPE 1: điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai:

Eg: If I save enough money, I will buy a new car.

Đảo Ngữ : Should + S + V1 + O, S + will/ can + V1 + O

2 TYPE 2: điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại

Trong câu điều kiện 2 ở mệnh đề if chỉ dùng: To be là were cho mọi chủ từ

Đảo Ngữ : Were + S + To-V +O , S + would/could (not) + V1 +O

Were + S + O , S + would/could (not) + V1 + O

3 TYPE 3 : điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ

Eg: If I had arrived ten minutes earlier, I would have got a seat.

Đảo Ngữ : Had + S + V3/ed + O , S + Would / could (not) + Have + V3/ed +O

Eg: Had I arrived ten minutes earlier, I would have got a seat.

4 MIXED TYPE (2,3): Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp

- Thời Gian của mệnh đề If trong quá khứ ( yesterday, last night… ) và thời gian ở mệnh đề chính

ở hiện tại (now, today, ) thì dung điều kiện hỗn hợp.

Đảo Ngữ: Had + S + V3/ed + O, S + Would / could (not) + V1 +O

5 SPECIAL CASES:

- Unless = If … not

- Đổi từ if sang unless:

Khẳng định Khẳng định (động từ trong mệnh đề chính đổi sang phủ định)

Phủ định Khẳng định (mệnh đề chính không thay đổi)

Eg: If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster

Unless we had more rain, our crop wouldn’t grow faster

Eg : If she doesn’t work harder, she will fail the exam

 Unless she works harder, she will fail the exam

- As long as, so long as, provided that/ providing that: đều có nghĩa là "miễn là/nếu/trong trường hợp mà" provided (that) hoặc providing (that)| - chỉ dùng ở điều kiện loại 1.

Example: You can use my car| as long as| you drive carefully.

| so long as|

- but for/ without + N/ V-ing: nếu không (dùng cho điều kiện 2,3)

Ex: He would have played but for a knee injury.

I/ Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

1 If it doesn’t rain, I ( come) _ to see you

2 If it didn’t rain, I ( come) to see you

3 I ( drive) _ to work if I had a car

4 Where in Vietnam would you like to live if you ( can) _ choose?

5 If the weather ( be) _ good, we will have lunch outside

6 If the company offers me a job, I think I ( take) it

7 Many people would be out of work if that factory ( close) down

8 If you finish before 4: 30, I ( come) _ and pick you up

9 If he had listened to me, he ( not fail) in the exam

10 If I ( know) _ about the job, I would have applied for it

II Rewrite these sentences, using conditional sentences.

1 She didn’t get up early so she was late for the meeting

6 He had a flu because he went out in the rain last night.

………

C REPORTED SPEECH (Câu tường thuật)

Câu gián tiếp là câu dùng để thuật lại nội dung của lời nói trực tiếp

a Nếu động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật dùng ở thì hiện tại thì khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp ta chỉ đổi ngôi; không đổi thì của động từ và trạng từ.

Ex: She says: “I am a teacher.”

She says that she is a teacher.

Ex: “I am writing a letter now” Tom says.

Tom says that he is writing a letter now.

b Nếu động từ của mệnh đề tường thuật dùng ở thì quá khứ thì khi chuyển sang câu gián tiếp ta đổi ngôi, thì của động từ, trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn.

I.Thay đổi ngôi (Đại từ nhân xưng, Đại từ sở hữu và Tính từ sở hữu)

1 Ngôi thứ nhất: dựa vào chủ từ của mệnh đề tường thuật; thường đổi sang ngôi thứ ba

I → He / She me → him / her my → his / her

We → They us → them our → their

Ex: He said: “I learned English.”

He said that he had learned English.

Ex: She said to me, “My mother gives me a present.”

She told me that her mother gave her a present

2 Ngôi thứ hai: (You, your)

- Xét ý nghĩa của câu và đổi cho phù hợp, thường đổi dựa vào túc từ của mệnh đề tường thuật

Ex: Mary said: “You are late again.”

Mary said that you were late again.

Ex: “I will meet you at the airport”, he said to me

He told me that he would meet me at the airport

3.Ngôi thứ ba (He / She / Him / Her / His / They / Them / Their): giữ nguyên, không đổi

II.Thay đổi về thì trong câu:

HTĐ -S + V1 /Vs(es)/don’t, doesn’t + V1

HTTD –S + am / is / are + V-ing

HTHT –S + have / has + V3/ed

HTHTTD – have / has been +V-ing

- can  could

- shall should

- may might

- must must/ had to

- have to had to

- will would

III Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:

Yesterday morning… The morning before/ the previous morning

Last (week/month/ year/ night) …  The (week / month/year/night) before; the previous

week /month/year/ night

Tomorrow morning… The next morning/ the following morning

The day before yesterday Two days before

The day after tomorrow In two days’ time

next month/ week/year  the month after, the week after, the year after, the

following month/ week/year

1.1 Một người nói: S said: “ S + V……”  S said that S(đổi) + V(lùi thì) + O …

1.2 Hai người nói: S+ said to + O: “ S + V……” S+ told +O ( that) S(đổi) + V(lùi thì) + O …

Ex: ‘I will give you a test tomorrow’, our teacher said to us

-> Our teacher told us she would give us a test the next day.

* Notes: Có thể sử dụng một số động từ dẫn sau: thought, announced, explained, complained, believed…

said to → told

said to + O = told O (She said to me/ She told me )

2 Câu hỏi:

a Câu hỏi (Yes -No)

*Direct: S + V + (O): “do/does/did… + S + V1 + O….?”

asked + O

 S + wanted to know + if/ whether + S + V (S đổi, V đổi, ADV đổi (nếu có)

wondered

EX: She asked him “ Do you know me?”

 She asked him if he knew her.

He asked me: “Are you happy?”

 He asked me if I was happy

b Câu hỏi có từ hỏi (WH-)

Direct: S + V + (O): “Wh- + Aux V + S + V1 + O?”

asked + O

 S + wanted to know + Wh- + S + V(giống câu trần thuật – S đổi, V đổi, ADV đổi (nếu có)

Wondered

EX : I asked her “What are you cooking?”

 I asked her what he was cooking.

Eg: “Please wait for a minute.” the man said to me

 The man told me to wait for a minute

He said to the waiter, “Please bring me some hot water.”

 He told me to bring him some hot water.

b Mệnh lệnh phủ định:

S + ordered + O + not to V1 …

told

asked

Eg: “ Please don’t talk loudly”.

 He asked me not to talk loudly

He said “Don’t shut the window, Hoa ”.

 He asked Hoa not to shut the window

4 Câu tường thuật với To-infinitive:

a Không có tân ngữ: S +agree/demand/ hope/ promise/ offer/ refuse/ decide…+ to- V1

Ex : They said: “ We’ll come back again”

 They promised to come back again

b Có tân ngữ : S + V + O + to + V1 + …

S + ask, advise (khuyên) , invite( mời) , order, recommend( giới thiệu, đề nghị), encourage( khuyến khích) , urge( thúc giục), want( muốn) , beg, instruct, persuade( thuyết phục…)+ O + to-V1

Ex: He said to me “You’d better get up early”

 He advised me to get up early

Note:

-Would you / Could you / Will you/ Can you ->asked O to V1

-Would you mind + V-ing /Do you mind + V-ing ->asked O to V1

-Would you like / Will you ….->invited O to V1

-You should / You ought to/ had better + V1.

- If I were you,

 advised O to V1

-Why don’t you + V1…

-Remember…

-Don’t forget  reminded O to V1

He said to me: “Would you like to go out for a drink?”

 He invited me to go out for a drink.

5 DANH ĐỘNG TỪ (V-ING) TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP:

a … + V-ing + ….

S + Deny (phủ nhận), admit (thừa nhận), suggest (đề nghị), regret (nuối tiếc), appreciate (đánh giá cao, cảm kích) + V-ing

Ex: Peter said: “I didn’t steal the painting.” → Peter denied stealing the painting.

“Why don’t we go out for a walk?” said the boy → The boy suggested going out for a walk.

b V + (Someone) + Preposition + V-ing + ….

- thank someone for (cám ơn ai về ….)

- accuse someone of (buộc tội ai về …)

- congratulate someone on (chúc mừng ai về ….)

- warn someone against (cảnh báo ai về ….)

- dream of (mơ về …)

- object to (chống đối về ….)

- apologize (to someone) for (xin lỗi ai về …)

- insist on (khăng khăng dòi …)

- complain about (phàn nàn về ….)

- prevent sb from = stop sb from : ngăn cản

- compliment someone on (Khen ai về… )

Ex: “I’m happy to know that you win the game Congratulations!”, Jim said to Mary.

→ Jim congratulated Mary on winning the game

Daisy said: “I want to be a famous singer in the world.”

→ Daisy dreamt of being a famous singer in the world

Note: Chú ý :

a Why don’t you / Why not / How about → suggested + (someone) + V-ing …

Ex: “Why don’t you send her some flowers?” he said

→ He suggested me sending her some flowers.

b Let’s → suggested + V-ing …

Let’s not → suggested + not + V-ing …

Ex: “Let’s meet outside the cinema,” he said

→ He suggested meeting outside the cinema.

c Shall we / It’s a good idea → suggested + V-ing …

Ex: “It’s a good idea to go for a picnic this weekend,” she said

→ She suggested going for a picnic that weekend.

6 CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP

Nếu trong lời nói trực tiếp có câu điều kiện thì chỉ có câu điều kiện loại 1 là thay đổi về thì, câu điều kiện loại 2

và 3 vẫn giữ nguyên hình thức động từ của chúng

DK 1 > DK 2

DK2 và DK3 > giữ nguyên không thay đổi thì ( chỉ thay đổi ngôi và trạng từ )

Ex: “If I have time, I will visit her,” he said

→ He said that if he had time he would visit her.

She said: “If I had enough money, I would buy a car.”

→ She said that if she had enough money she would buy a car.

He said to me : “If I had met you, I would have told you the truth.”

→ He told me that if he had met me he would have told

EXERCISE 1: Rewrite the sentences with reported speech form.

1 “It was kind of you to help me Thank you” Mary said to me

5 “You broke the windows” The woman said to the boy

The woman accused _

6 “I’ve always wanted to be a pilot” Peter said

Peter has always dreamed _

7 “I know I am wrong” Lan said

Lan admitted _

8 “You can’t use the mobile phone in this area” the man said to me

The man warned

9 “You won the first prize Congratulation” he said to me

He congratulated

10 ‘You had better not waste your time, Betty.’ Tom said

Tom advised _

EXERCISE 2: Change the sentences into indirect speech.

1.She said: “I am going to the movies tomorrow”

4.John said to me: “How did you come here?”

CHIA THÌ VÀ CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI HÌNH THỨC ĐỘNG TỪ CỦA MỘT SỐ THÌ

1 SIMPLE PRESENT: (HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN )

(+) S+V1 /Vs, es (-) S+ do/ does + not+ V1 (?) Do/ does+ S + V1 …?

*(Be): am, is, are + not ; (have):has/ have + not = do / does + not + have

Nhận biết: Every (day, year…), always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never, ever,

once/twice/three times + ( a day/ week/ month…), all the time, now and then

2 PRESENT CONTINUOUS (HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN)

(+) S + am/ is/ are + Ving

(-) S + am/ is/ are + not + Ving

(?)Am/ Is/ Are + S + Ving ?

Nhận biết: At present, at the moment , now, right now, look! Listen!Be careful!, Be quiet!

3 PRESENT PERFECT: (HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH )

Nhận biết: Before, already, Recently = lately, ever, never, yet,

just, twice, several times, SINCE+ mốc Tgian, FOR + khoảng Tgian, up to now = up till now = so far…

* Dùng với các cụm từ: This is the first time, this is the second

time, dùng trong cấu trúc: That( This) is the best … that + S + has/ have + V3/ed

4 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: (HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN)

(+) S + has/ have + been + Ving

(-) S + has/ have + not + been + Ving.

(?) Has/ Have + S + been + Ving?

5 SIMPLE PAST (QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN )

(+) S + V2 ed

(-) S + did + not + V1

(?) Did + S + V1 ?

*(Be) : was / were  wasn’t, weren’t

Nhận biết: YESTERDAY, AGO ,LAST (night, week, year…), in + tgian ở quá khứ.

6 PAST CONTINUOUS (Q KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN)

( +) S + was/ were + Ving

( - ) S + was/ were + not + Ving

(?) Was / were + S + Ving ?

Nhận biết: AT THIS TIME, AT THAT MOMENT + Trạng từ quá khứ (ago, last…, yesterday)

1 AS / WHEN + S + was/ were + Ving, S + V2 ed

2 S + was/ were + Ving + While + S + was/ were + Ving

7 PAST PERFECT (THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH)

(+) S + has/ have + V3/ed

(-) S + has/ have + not + V3/ed

(?) Has/ Have + S + V3/ed?

(+) S + had + V3 ed

(-) S + had + not + V3 ed

(?) Had + S + V3 ed ?

Nhận biết : ( hành động trước: S+ had +V3/ed ; hành động sau: S + V2/ed)

Ex: I went to school after I had had breakfast

8 SIMPLE FUTURE (TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN )

(+) S + will / shall + V1 (-) S + will / shall + not + V1 ( ?) Will / Shall + S + V1?

*Note: will not =won’t ; shall not =shan’t

Nhận biết: TOMORROW, SOON, NEXT (week, month,…)

9 FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE (TƯƠNG LAI TIẾP DIỄN )

S + WILL BE + V-ing

Nhận biết: At this time tomorrow (morning, afternoon, evening), at this time next………

10 FUTURE PERFECT ( TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH)

S + will / shall + have + V3/ed

Nhận biết: BY THE TIME…, BY THE END OF… BY THE TIME THE YEAR 2015…,

11 FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE ( TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN )

S + WILL + HAVE + BEEN + V-ing

* Notes:

1) Near future: (Tương lai gần) S + am/ is / are + going to + V1 : sẽ, sắp sửa, dự định

2)Một số động từ sau đây thường không dùng với thì tiếp diễn

 Những động từ chỉ về giác quan: see, hear, feel, look (trông có vẻ), smell, taste, recognize.

 Những động từ chỉ về cảm xúc: like, dislike love, hate, want wish, desire, refuse, forgive Những động

từ chỉ về lí trí: understand, know, think, realize, suppose, believe, remember, forget, mind, expect, recollect Những động từ chỉ sự bắt đầu, tiếp tục, kết thúc: begin, continue, finish…

E.SỰ HÒA HỢP GIỮA CÁC THÌ

1 S + will + V1 + until / when / as soon as + S + V htđ

E g: I will wait here until she comes back.

2 S+ will + V1 + after + S + have/has + V3/ED

E g: He will go home after he has finished his work.

E g: Last night, I was doing my homework while my sister was playing games.

6 S+ have/has + V3/ED + since + QKĐ

E g: I have worked here since I graduated.

7 S + will + have + V3/ED + by / by the time + S +V - HTĐ

E g: He will have left by the time you arrive.

8 S + had + V3/ED + by the time / before/ by + S + V- QKĐ

E g: He had left by the time I came.

9.After + S + had +V3/ED, S + V- QKĐ

E,g: After I had finished my homework, I went to bed.

10 - It was not until + time / clause of time+ that +S+ V2/ed

E.g: I did not graduate from University before 1996

-> It was not until 1996 that I graduated university

12 Đổi thì quá khứ đơn sang hiện tại hoàn thành

S+ have / has +Ved/3 + For + time -> It is + time + since + S+V2/ed

1.

S+ have / has +not/never + Ved/3 +O+ before -> It is the first time

+ S + have / has + ved/

3 This is the first time

2.

S + have / has + not + Ved/3 + O + since + S+

V2/ed+O

S + have / has + not + Ved/3 + O + since + time

-> S + last + ved/2 ……….when + S Ved/2

The last time + S + Ved/2+O + was + in/on… + time

S + began / started + V-ing + time + ago

S + began / started + V-ing + O + when + S + V2/ed + O -> S + have / has + V3/-ed + O+for + time -> S + have / has + V3/-ed + O+ since + time/ S

ACTIVE : S + V + O + Adv (nơi chốn) + Adv (thời gian)

PASSIVE : S + BE (chia theo thì) + V3/ed + Adv(nơi chốn) + by Os + Adv (thời gian)

1 Present simple

(+) S+ am/is/are+ V3/ed+ (by O)

(-)S + am not / isn’t / aren’t + V-ed/3 + (by O)

(?)S / Are + S + V-ed/ 3 + (by O) ?

2 Present continuous

(+) S +am/is/are+ being + V3/ed ( +by O)

(-) S + isn’t/ am not / aren’t + Being + V-ed/3 + by + O

(?) Is/ Are + S + being + Ved/3 + by + O ?.

3 Present perfect

(+) S + have/has + been+V3/ed + (by O)

(-) S + hasn’t / haven’t + been + V3/ed + by O

(?) Has/have + S + been + V3/ed + by O?

4 Past simple

(+) S + was/ were + V3/ed + (by O)

(-) S + Wasn’t / weren’t + V3/ed + (by O)

(?) Was /were + S + V3/ed + (by O)?

5 Past continuous

(+) S + was / were + being + V3/ed + (by O)

(-)S + wasn’t / weren’t + being + V3/ed + (by O)

(?)Was / were + S + being + V3/ed + (by O)?

6 Past perfect

(+) S + had + been + V3/-ed + (by O)

(-) S + hadn’t + been + V3/ed + ( by O)

(?) Had + S + been + V3/ed + (by O)?

7 Modal Verbs: will, be going to, should, can/ could, must, ought to, have to, need……

- Cách 1: It + is + said/thought/known/ found/believed/ expected … that + S2 + V+ O …

- Cách 2 : S2 + is/ are + said/ thought… + to V1 ( V: Hiện tại đơn, tương lai)

+ to have V3/ed (V: các thì ở quá khứ, hiện tại hoàn thành ) + to be V-ing (V: Hiện tại tiếp diễn)

E.g: They know that he is a good pupil

1 It is said that he is a good pupil

2 He is known to be a good pupil

b.

Active :People / They + said/ thought / knew / found /believed/ … that S2 + V + O …

Passive :

- Cách 1: It + was + said/thought/known/ found/believed/ … that + S2 + V+ O …

- Cách 2 : S2 + was/ were + said/ thought… + to V1 (V:quá khứ đơn, hiện tại)

+ to have V3/ed (quá khứ hoàn thành) + to be V-ing (HĐ 2 là thì tiếp diễn)

E.g: They knew that he is a good pupil

1 It was said that he is a good pupil

2 He was known to be a good pupil

8 2 Thể nhờ vả: nhờ/ khiến ai làm gì

a/ Với động từ have:

Active : S + have/ has/ had O( người) + V1 + O( vật)

Passive : S + have/ has/ had+ O (vật) + V3/ed + by + O (người)

E.g: I had Nam repair my bike  I had my bike repaired by Nam

b/ Với động từ get:

Active: S + get/got + O(người) + to V1 + O (vật)

Passive : S + get/got + O (vật) +V 3/ed + by + O (người )

I got my sister to clean the house  I got the house cleaned by my sister

8 3 V+ to V1 V + to be +V 3/ed +( by O)

Nam wants Lan to invite him to the party

Nam wants to be invited to the party by Lan

8.4 V + V-ing  V + being + V3/ed + (by O)

She enjoyed receiving a nice present

 She enjoyed being given a nice present

8.5 Với động từ MAKE, LET

Active: S + make + O1 + V1 + O2 ….

Passive: S + be + made + to-inf + O2 ……

Ex: They made small children do hard work

→ Small children were made to do hard work.

Active: S + let + O1 + V1+ O2

Passive: S + be + let V + O2

Ex: My parents let my sister go out with her friends in the evening.

-> My sister is let to go out with her friends in the evening

8.6 : need + To V1 need + To be V3/ed

 Need + V-ing

EG : I need to repair this car

 This car needs to be repaired / this car needs reparing

EXERCISE 1: change these sentences into passive voice

1.My father waters this flower every

morning .2.John invited Fiona to his birthday party last

night .3.Her mother is preparing the dinner in the

kitchen .4.We should clean our teeth twice a

day

5.Our teachers have explained the English

grammar .6.Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this

city

G COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERB (So sánh tính từ (adj) và trạng từ (adv))

I.So sánh bằng:(equal comparison)

* Form: S1 + V + as + adv + as + S2.

S1 + be + as + adj + as + S2.

*So sánh không bằng

* Form: (-) S1 + be+ not + as/so + adj + as + S2.

S1 + do/does/ did -not + +V+ as/so + adv + as + S2.

* So sánh kém :

(-) S1 + be + less + adj + than + S2.

S1 + V + less adv + than + S2.

*Eg: - He is not so good as his brother ( anh ta không giỏi bằng anh trai của anh ta)

- I am less rich than you ( tôi không giàu bằng bạn )

II.So sánh hơn.( comparative)

 Đối với tính từ, trạng từ ngắn

*Form: S1 + be + short adj-er + than + S2.

S1 + V + short adv-er + than + S2.

 Đối với tính từ, trạng từ dài

* Form: S1 + be + more + long adj + than + S2.

S1 + V + more + long adv + than + S2.

III.So sánh hơn nhất.

 Đối với tính từ, trạng từ ngắn ( short adj/adv)

*Form: S + be + the + short adj-est + in/of………….

S + V + the + short adv-est + in/of………….

 Đối với tính từ, trạng từ dài ( long adj/adv)

*Form: S + be + the + most + long adj+ in/of…………

S + V + the most + long adv + in/of….

IV / DOUBLE COMPARATIVES ( SO SÁNH KÉP )

1 tính từ ngắn và trạng từ ngắn :

S + v + adj / adv + er + and + adj / adv + er

Ex : The river is/gets bigger and bigger

S + v + more and more + long adj / adv

Ex : Her story was more and more attractive

Ex : She becomes more and more beautiful

3 S + v + less and less + long adj / short adj

( Càng ngày càng ít, càng ngày càng kém, mỗi lúc một ít )

Ex : The storm is less and less violent

Ex : It is less and less cold

ASSOCIATED COMPARISON ( SO SÁNH LIÊN HỢP )

* Form: The + short adj-er + S + V , the + short adj-er + S + V

The + short adv-er + S + V , the + short adv-er + S + V.

………Càng ……… ( thì ) càng …

Eg: - The sooner we arrive, the better we do

* Form: The + more + S + V , the + more + S + V

Eg: - The more you study, the more you learn

 Form : the more + adj /adv + s + v , the more + adj/adv + s + v

………Càng ……… ( thì ) càng

Eg: The more beautiful she is, the more active she is ( cô ấy càng đẹp , cô ấy càng tự tin )

 Form : the adj /adv + er + s + v , the more + (adj/adv) + s + v

………Càng ……… ( thì ) càng…

 Form : the more + (adj/adv) + s + v , the adj /adv + er + s + v

………Càng ……… ( thì ) càng…

Eg : The heavier the coin is, the more it is worth

Eg : The more we get together, the happier we ill be

Eg : The more he worked, the richer he was

 Form : the less + adj/adv + s + v , the less + adj /adv + s + v

………Càng …………kém ……… ( thì ) càng ………kém

* Các trường hợp ngoại lệ

EXERCISE 1 Choose the best option to complete the following sentences:

1 The more she smiles, _she becomes

A more graceful B the most graceful C most graceful D the more graceful

2 Hotels have developed _ restaurants

A as rapidly as B so rapidly as C as rapid as D more rapid

3 Can Tho bridge is the _ one in the South of Viet Nam

A long B shortest C longest D longer

4 A supermarket is _ a shopping center

C not so convenient than D the most convenient as

5 Impalas cannot move as _cheetahs but they are more efficient runners

6 Both are informative articles, but this one is _

7 She is the _ girl in our town

A more beautiful B beauty C most beautiful D more beautifully

8 The harder you learn _

A The better is your English B The better will be your English

C The better becomes your English D The better your English will be

9 Jim is the _ in his class

10 Of the two shirts, this one is _

A the prettiest B the most pretty C prettier D the prettier

H PREPOSITIONS & ARTICLES (Giới từ, Mạo từ)

- at 4 o’clock, at 1 a.m - at night

- at Christmas, at Easter - at once (ngay lập tức)

- at last - at the moment

- at present - at weekends

For

place (ch ỉ nơi chốn)

- at home - at the theatre

- at the seaside - at the grocer’s, at the hairdressr’s

- at school - at the corner of the street

- at the top - at the bottom

- at the foot of the page - at the beginning, at the end

- at the shop - at the airport, railway station,

- Tháng: in June, in May, in August

- Mùa: in spring, in summer, in winter

- Buổi: in the evening, in the morning (ngoại trừ at night)

- in time: đúng giờ

For

place

- in (ở trong): in the dinning room, in the box, in the desk

- in được dùng trước các thành phố, đất nước, miền, phương hướng: in London, in Paris, in Hanoi

- in the east, in the north,

- On được dùng trước các ngày trong tuần: on Sunday, on Monday

- On được dùng trước ngày, tháng: My birthday is on June 10th

- ON TIME đúng giờ (chính xác): The film was shown on time.

·For place

- On (ở trên): There is a book on the table

- By (bởi) được dùng trong câu b ị động chỉ người gây ra hành động trong câu bị động

- By (bằng) được dùng chỉ phương tiện đi lạ i : I often go to school by

HOME (không dùng to)

- To thường được dùng để chỉ sự di chuyển (tới):My father used to take

me to the circus when I lived in London

6.

INTO

Into co nghĩa là vào trong , được dùng sau các động từ GO, PUT, GET,

FALL, JUMP, COME I’m going into the dining

mang, cùng = having, carrying: A coat with two pockets

- được dùng để chỉ một công cụ, phương tiện : I often write with a pen.

được dùng để chỉ sự liên hệ hoặc đồng hành: I’m living with my parents

With (với): Do you agree with me?

9.

UNDER:

- Under (ở dưới) chỉ vị trí phía dưới một vật: The cat was under the table

- Under (ít hơn, thấp hơn): The incomes under 2000$ a year made him

- ashamed of: xấu hổ về - afraid of: sợ, e ngại

- ahead of: trước - aware of: nhận thức

- capable of: có khả năng - confident of: tin tưởng

- doubtful of: nghi ngờ - fond of: thích

- full of: đầy - hopeful of: hy vọng

- independent of: độc lập - proud of: tự hào

- jealous of: ghen tỵ với - guilty of: phạm tội

- sick of: chán nản về - joyful of: vui mừng

- quick of: nhanh chóng về

2 TO

- acceptable to: có thể chấp nhận

- agreeable to: có thể đồng ý - addicted to: đam mê

- delightful to: thú vị đv ai - familiar to: quen thuộc

- clear to: rõ ràng - contrary to: trái lại

- equal to: tương đương với

- grateful to: biết ơn ai - harmful to: có hại cho ai

- important to: quan trọng - likely to: có thể

- lucky to: may mắn - next to: kế bên

- open to:mở - pleasant to: hài long

- preferable to: đáng thích hơn - profitable to: có lợi

- rude to: thô lỗ - similar to: giống

- useful to: có ích cho ai - necessary to: cần thiết cho

- favourable to: tán thành - accustomed to: quen với

3.

FOR:

- available for: có sẵn (cái gì) - late for: trễ…

- difficult for: khó… - famous for: nổi tiếng

- dangerous for: nguy hiểm - necessary for: cần thiết

- greedy for: tham lam… - suitable for: thích hợp

- sorry for: xin lỗi - qualified for: có phẩm chất

- helpful for: có lợi, có ích - useful for: có lợi, có ích

- good for: tốt cho - grateful for: biết ơn về việc

- convenient for: thuận lợi cho - ready for: sẵn sàng cho

- responsible for: chịu trách nhiệm

4.

AT:

- clever at: khéo léo - skillful at: khéo léo

- excellent at: xuất sắc về - present at: hiện diện

- surprised at: ngạc nhiên - angry at: sth giận về điều gì

- clumsy at: vụng về - annoy at: sth khó chịu

5.

WITH:

- delighted with: vui mừng với - acquainted with:: làm quen

- crowed with: đông đúc - angry with: giận dữ

- friendly with: thân mật - bored with: chán…

- familiar with: quen thuộc… - furious with: phẫn nộ…

- pleased with: hài lòng… - popular with: phổ biến

- satisfied with: thỏa mãn… - contrasted with:: tương phản với

6.

ABOUT:

- confused about: bối rối (về) - excited about: hào hứng

- happy about: hạnh phúc - sad about: buồn…

- serious about: nghiêm túc - upset about: thất vọng

- worried about: lo lắng - anxious about: lo lắng

- disappointed about: thất vọng về…

7.

IN:

interested in: thích, quan tâm - rich in: giàu (về)

successful in: thành công - confident in: tin cậy vào ai

8.

FROM:

- isolated from: bị cô lập - absent from: vắng mặt

- different from: khác - far from: xa

- safe from: an tòan - divorced from: ly dị

9.

ON:

- keen on: hăng hái về

- based on: phụ thuộc vào

5 I’ve lost my key Can you help me to look _it ?

A for B with C of D about

6 Everyone was surprised _ the result _ the exam

7 It isn’t easy to start looking _ a job at her age

8 The differences _British-English and American-English are small

9 His son is very afraid _darkness

- a (một): đứng trước danh từ đếm được bắt đầu bằng phụ âm Ex: a book, a house, a bike, …

- an (một): đứng trước danh từ đếm được bắt đầu bằng nguyên âm (a, e, i, o, u) và “h” câm

Ex: an apple, an orange, an umbrella Nhưng a university, an hour

2 Mạo từ xác định: The :

- Trước danh từ xác định số ít hoặc số nhiều ( Đã được nhắc trước , nhắc lần thứ 2 trở đi trong câu hoặc người nói và người nghe đã biết )

- Trước danh từ chỉ vật duy nhất: the earth, the sun, the moon, the sky, the world, …

- Trước tính từ, trạng từ trong so sánh nhất: the first, the second, …

- Trước tên người số nhiều để chỉ toàn thể gia đình: the Taylors, the Smiths,

- The +danh từ đếm được số ít: chỉ một loài vật, phát minh khoa học, nhạc cụ

- The + adj: chỉ một nhóm người trong xã hội: the young, the old, the poor,…

- The + quốc tịch: chỉ toàn dân tộc: the French, the Chineses,…

- The thường dùng trước những từ có of theo sau: the university of London, the Gulf of Mexico,

- The radio, the cinema, the theater

- The United States, the United Kingdom, the Philippines, the Netherlands

3 Các trường hợp không dùng THE

- Trước danh từ số nhiều và danh từ không đếm được với nghĩa chung chung

Ex: Sugar is sweet The sugar in that jar was bought this morning

- Trước các danh từ trừu tượng: happiness, freedom, …Dùng the khi các danh từ này có nghĩa riêng biệt

- Trước các môn thể thao: football, tennis, basketball, baseball

- Trước danh từ chỉ bữa ăn trong ngày: breakfast, lunch, dinner

- Phương tiện : by car, by bus….

- môn học: chemistry, Enlish…

- go to school/church / market…….

- Châu lục: Africa, Asia, Europe,…

- Quốc gia: Japan, England,

- Tiểu bang: Texas, Florida,

- Thành phố, thị trấn: Cairo, New York

- Đảo, hồ, núi, đồi, đường phố, công viên, quảng trường, nhà ga, phi trường, các hành tinh, công ty

4 EXERCISES ON ARTICLES

CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER

1 My mother goes to church in morning

2.I eat everyday

A a banana B banana C the bananas D any banana

3 Harry is a sailor He spends most of his life at _ sea

H TAG QUESTIONS( Câu hỏi đuôi)

Khẳng định

Phủ định

Phủ định Khẳng định

English is difficult, isn’t it?

You didn’t come to class late, did you?

Aux VERBS:

+ HTD: do( don’t)/ does( doesn’t)

+ HTTD: is( isn’t)/ are ( aren’t)

+ HTHT: has( hasn’t)/ have( haven’t)

- (Please +) V1 , will you ? (câu mệnh lệnh)

E.g: Close the door, will you?

- I am ……, aren’t I ?

- This / That (is ……), (isn’t) it ?

- These / Those (are ……), (aren’t) they ?

- There is / are ……, isn’t / aren’t there ?

- Nobody / No one + V(khẳng định) …, auxi / modal (khăng định) they ?

- Everthing/something/anything , it?

- Everybody/ everyone/ someone/ , they?

- S + never / rarely / seldom / no longer/ hardly …,do/does/did/has/had/have/will/can… + S ?

E.g: Nobody like him, do they?

II Dạng cơ bản: vế 1 có “not”, vế 2 ko not”? và Vế 1 không “not”, vế 2 có “not”?

4 HTHT/QKHT : S + has/have/had+ V3/ed + O, hasn’t /haven’t/hadn’t + S?

S + hasn’t /haven’t/hadn’t + V3/ed + O, has/have/had + S?

5 Modal verbs

S + can/could/should/ will ………+V+O, can’t/couldn’t/shouldn’t/won’t +S ?

S + can’t/couldn’t/shouldn’t/won’t ………+V+O, can/could/should/ will +S ?

Trong đó : S là nam thì dùng “He” ở vế đuôi

S là nữ thì dùng “she” ở vế đuôi

S là nhiều người hay nhiều vật thì dùng “they” ở vế đuôi

S là 1 vật thì dùng “it” ở vế đuôi

Examples:

* Lan: It looks beautiful, doesn’t it?

Mai: Yes, it does

* You are a student, aren’t you?

Ex2: The film wasn’t very interesting, was it?

Ex3: Mary does a lot of homework every day, doesn’t she?

Ex4: John didn’t go to school yesterday, did he?

Ex5: We have seen this film twice, haven’t we?

Ex5: They can swim very fast, can’t they?

B BÀI TẬP: Complete the sentences

1 Harry takes sugar in tea, ?

2 The lift isn't working today, ?

3 It never works very well, ?

4 Everybody realized the danger, ?

5 There was a lot of noise here, ?

6 Nobody complained about the noise, ?

7 Mary hardly ever cooks, ?

8 We had to wait for a long time to get our visa, _?

9 They don't allow pet dogs in this shop, ?

10 Nothing went wrong with him, ?

K RELATIVE CLAUSES (Mệnh đề quan hệ)

I CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ: (thing: vật, person: người)

- làm túc từ cho động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ

- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người

… N (person) + WHOM + S + V

3 WHICH:

- làm chủ từ hoặc túc từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ

- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật

….N (thing) + WHICH + V + O

….N (thing) + WHICH + S + V

4 THAT: thay thế cho cả người và vật

- có thể thay thế cho vị trí của who, whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ quan hệ xác định

* Các trường hợp thường dùng “that”:

- khi đi sau các hình thức so sánh nhất

- khi đi sau các từ: only, the first, the last

- khi danh từ đi trước bao gôm cả người và vật

- khi đi sau các đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ chỉ số lượng: no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none.

Ex: He was the most interesting person that I have ever met.

It was the first time that I heard of it.

These books are all that my sister left me.

She talked about the people and places that she had visited.

5 where : thay thế cho 1 danh từ chỉ nơi chốn : where = in which/on which/ at which

…N ( place: nơi chốn ) + where + S + V

6 when : thay thế cho từ chỉ thời gian : when = in which/ on which/ at which

… N ( time: thời gian ) + When + S + V

7 Why : thay thế cho từ chỉ lý do : the reason : why = for which

………N ( lí do) + why + S + V

II RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

1……….+ N + which/that/who + is /are/am/was/were + V-ing + O

I.Choose the best to complete the sentence:

1 My mother, _helped you yesterday, works in the public library

A that B who C whom D whose

2 Ann quit her job at the advertising agency, _surprised everyone

3 Ann, _ lives next door, is very friendly

4 Mary, _has received the scholarship, is very friendly.

5 That is my friend, _ comes from Japan

A which B that C who D whom

6.John is always late for class, _ annoys the teacher

7 My friend, _you met yesterday, was in London last year

8 My grandfather, _I love best , has just visited me.

9.Lan, _called me last night, is my new classmate

10 Marie Curie, _was a famous French physicist , discovered radium

-although, though, even though, even if + S+V+O

+ N/ Noun phrase

II.Clauses and phrase of reason introduced AS, BECAUSE, SINCE.

(mệnh đề chỉ nguyên nhân với AS, BECAUSE, SINCE)

- Nghĩa: Bởi vì

- Cách dùng

Because of, / Due to/ Thanks to + V-ing + N/ Noun phrase

III Clauses and phrase of result with SUCH, SO THAT, TOO , ENOUGH

(mệnh đề, cụm chỉ kết quả với SUCH, SO THAT, TOO , ENOUGH )

1 Clause of result : (Mệnh đề chỉ kết quả)

S - V + SO + adv/ adj + THAT + S + V (quá đến nổi)

 S - V + SUCH + ( a/ an ) + adj + noun + THAT + S + V(quá đến nổi)

 S - V + SO MANY (danh từ đếm đc số nhiều) / SO MUCH (danh từ ko

đếm đc) + THAT + S + V

2 Phrase of result : ( cụm từ chỉ kết quả )

S - V + TOO + adj/ adv + ( for some one ) + to- V (quá đến nổi không thể)

 S - V + ENOUGH + noun + ( for some one ) + to- V (đủ để)

S+ be/V + Adj/ adv + ENOUGH + (for S.O) + to-V

IV.Clauses and phrase of purpose expressed by SO THAT, IN ORDER THAT.

(mệnh đề, cụm chỉ mục đích với SO THAT, IN ORDER THAT)

- Cách dùng

Clause: S+ V + so that / in order that + S + can/ could/ will/ would + Vo

Phrase:

 Khẳng định: S + V + to/ so as to/ in order to + Vo

S + V + in order for some one to + Vo

 Phủ định: S - V + so as not to/ in order not to + Vo

I Choose the best answer:

1 having the best qualifications among all the applicants, Justin was not offered the job

A Although B While C In spite of D Despite of

2 the internet is very popular, many older people do not know how to use it

A However B Nevertheless C Even though D Despite

3 _ he wasn’t feeling very well, David was determined to take part in the inter-university athletics meet

A Although B While C Where as D yet

4 what Megan prepared for the job interview, she didn’t pass it

A Despite of B In spite of C Though D However

5 Bruce was not praised _ he was a hard worker

A despite B in spite of C although D no matter how

II Mark the letter A, B, C or D to show the underlined part that needs correction.

1 These televisions are all too expensive for we to buy at this time

III Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence which is closest in meaning to the given one

1 We couldn’t go out because the weather was so bad

A It was so bad a weather that we couldn’t go out

B It was such a bad weather that we couldn’t go out

C It was so bad weather that we couldn’t go out

D It was such bad weather that we couldn’t go out

2 She was so busy that she couldn’t answer the phone

A She was very busy that she couldn’t answer the phone

B She was too busy to answer the phone

C She was too busy not to answer the phone

D She was very busy so that she couldn’t answer the phone

3 The coffee was too hot for me to drink

A The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it

B The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink

C The coffee was so hot that I couldn’t drink it

D The coffee was so hot that I could drink it.

4 If I were taller, I could reach the top shelf

A I am not tall enough to reach the top shelf

B I am too tall to reach the top shelf

C I cannot reach the top shelf because I am very tall

D In spite of being tall, I cannot reach the top shelf

5 It was such a boring speech that we began to yawn

A The speech was very boring that we began to yawn

B It was so a boring speech that we began to yawn

C The speech was too boring that we began to yawn

D The speech was so boring that we began to yawn

6 It was so late that nothing could be done

A It was too late for nothing to be done

B It was too late for anything to be done

C It was such late that nothing could be done

D It was so late that nothing to be done

7 This is the first time I have lived in such a friendly neighborhood

A I have lived in such a friendly neighborhood before

B I haven’t lived in such a friendly neighborhood before

C I had lived in such a friendly neighborhood before

D I hadn’t lived in such a friendly neighborhood before

8 The test was so difficult that we couldn’t finish it in two hours

A It was such a difficult test that we couldn’t finish it in two hours

B The test was too difficult for us to finish it in two hours

C The test was not difficult enough for us to finish in two hours

D The test was too difficult for us to finish it in two hour

9 The book was so good that I couldn’t put it down

A It was so a good book that I couldn’t put it down.

B It was such a good book that I couldn’t put it down.

C The book was so good for me to put it down.

D The book was so good that I couldn’t put down.

10 Sue is too slow to understand what you might say

A Sue is not enough quick to understand what you might say

B What you might say, Sue can understand slowly

C Sue is so slow to understand what you might say

D So slow is Sue that she can’t understand what you might say

M MODAL VERBS

Modals: MAY, MIGHT, MUST, MUSTN’T, NEEDN’T, CAN…

Có 2 dạng :

S+ may / might/ must/can/could… + V1

S+ may / might/must/can/could… + not + V1

S+ may / might/must/can… + have + V3S+ may/might/can …+not + have + V3

1.may / might:

a.diễn tả điều có thể xảy ra hoặc không chắc chắn

Ex: He may / might be in his office (= perhaps he is in his office)

A: I can’t find my bag anywhere ( tôi không thể tìm cái túi của tôi ở đâu cả)

B: You may / might have left it in the shop (= perhaps you left it in the shop)

b dùng trong câu yêu cầu lịch sự hoặc xin hay cho phép

Ex: May I use your phone? – Yes, you may / Sorry, you may not

2 must / mustn’t + V1

a must + V1 diễn tả:

- sự bắt buộc cần thiết They must study hard for their next exam.

- lời kết luận cho điều gì đó có dấu hiệu, chứng cứ ở hiện tại

Eg: Bill looks so anxious He must have a problem ( Bill trông có vẻ quá lo lắng anh ta chắc hẵn có vấn đề

gì rồi )

b mustn’t + V1: diễn tả sự ngăn cấm

You must keep it in a secret You mustn’t tell anybody else ( bạn phải giữ nó bí mật, bạn không được

nói cho bất kì ai khác)

3 needn’t + V1 = don’t / doesn’t have to + V1: không cần, không phải

needn’t + V1 # must + V1

We have got plenty of time We needn’t hurry ( = we don’t need to hurry = we don’t have to hurry) ( chúng

ta có nhiều thời gian, chúng ta không cần phải vội )

4 Sự khác nhau giữa must và have to

- must: + sự cần thiết hay bắt buộc có tính chủ quan (người nói đưa ra ý tưởng của riêng mình)

+ chỉ dùng để diễn tả sự việc ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai, không diễn tả sự việc ở quá khứ

Ex: I must study for the exam ( bạn phải học cho kì thi )

I haven’t phoned Ann for ages I must phone her tonight.( lâu rồi tôi không gọi cho Ann Tối nay tôi phải

gọi cho cô ấy mới được)

-have to: + sự cần thiết hay bắt buộc có tính khách quan (người nói chỉ đề cập đến sự kiện)

+ có thể dùng trong tất cả các dạng

Ex: His eyes are weak He has to wear glasses ( mắt của anh ta yếu anh ta phải đeo kính thôi)

5.can/ could / should

- can/ could + V1 : dung để diễn tả sự có thể/ khả năng

6 Should + V1 : dung để diễn tả lời khuyên = had better + V1 = ought to + V1

EXERCISES EXERCISE 1: Choose the best answers

1 I don’t want anyone to know You - tell anyone

A must B needn’t C mustn’t D don’t have to

2 He - wear a suit to work but he usually does

3 I can stay in bed tomorrow morning because I - go to work

4 Whatever you do, you -touch that switch It’s very dangerous

5 There’s lift in the building, so we - climb the stairs

6 We haven’t got much time We - hurry

7 We have enough food at home, so we - go shopping today

8 This is a valuable book You -look after it carefully and you - lose it

A must / need to B mustn’t / must C need to / have to D must / mustn’t

9.Young people obey their parents

N Phrasal verbs

- go off = explode : nổ

- go off = ring : báo thức

- look after = take care of : chăm sóc

- try out = test : thử

- take after = look like = resemble : giống

- hold up = postpone = delay= put off : trì hoãn

- get over = recover from : bình phục

- establish (v) = set up = found : thành lập

- fill in : điền vào

- look up = find = seach for: tra cứu

- look for = find : tìm kiếm

- give up = stop = get rid of : từ bỏ

- put on : mặc >< take off : cởi

- turn on # turn off : bật><tắt

- wash up : rửa chén /bát

- turn up = arrive : có mặt, đến

- go on : tiếp tục = continue = keep = carry on

- turn round : quay

- lie down: nằm xuống

- look down upon /on : coi thường , khinh rẻ >< look up to = respect : tôn trọng

- lose one’s temper : nổi giận cáu

- lose touch with : mất lien lạc = lose contact with >< keep/ get in touch with: giữ liên lạc

- laugh at: cười chế nhạo

- stare at : nhìn chằm chằm

- point at : chỉ vào

- write to : viết cho ai

- listen to : nghe

- speak to : nói với ai

- wait for : đợi

- talk about : nói về

- ask s.o for s.th : xin ai cái gì

- apply for a job : xin việc

- apply to sb : xin ai

- have a discussion about st : thảo luận về điều gì

- break down = stop working

- recover from = get over (vượt qua nỗi đau, cơn sốc, bệnh)

- - put up with = tolerate : chịu đựng

- Carry out: thực hiện, tiến hành

- Get on well with: cư xử tốt với ai

Multiple choice

1. Who will the children while you go out to work?

2. Please the light, it’s getting dark here

3. The nurse has to _ at the midnight

{take (sth) over: take control of or responsibility for}

4. There is an inflation The prices

A are going on B are going down C are going over D are going up

5. Remember to _ your shoes when you are in a Japanese house

6. You can the new words in the dictionary

7. It’s cold outside your coat

8. Frank never turns up on time for a meeting.

9. Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.{ p ut off: postpone: delay}

10.My father still hasn’t really recovered from the death of my mother.

A looked after B taken after C gone off D got over

11.The bomb exploded with a loud bang which could be heard all over the town.

12.John, could you look after my handbag while I go out for a minute.

13.Bill seems unhappy in his job because he doesn’t get _ his boss

14.My father gave up smoking two years ago

15.The government hopes to _ its plans for introducing cable TV

16.I was born in Scotland but I in Northern Ireland

17.Both Ann and her sister look like her mother.

18.I’ll be back in a minute, Jane I just want to try out my new tape recorder.

19.She ran in a marathon last week but after ten kilometers {withdraw}

A dropped out B closed down C broke up D made up

20.Paula applied for the post but she was

A turned down B checked out C kept under D pushed ahead

0 WISH CLAUSES ( mệnh đề wish / if only)

1 ước ở tương lai : dùng would /could

Mark the correct option A, B, C or D:

1 I don't understand this point of grammar I wish I it better

A understood B would understand C had understood D understands

2 It never stops raining here I wish it raining

3 I miss my friends I wish my friends here right now

4 I should never have said that I wish I that

A didn't say B wouldn't say C hadn't said D says

6 It was supposed to be a secret I wish you him

A didn't tell B wouldn't tell C hadn't told D tell

7 I wish that someday I _ able to marry her

8 I wished I _ enough money to buy the house

9 John wishes he a scientist when he grows up

10 You talk more than you work The teacher wishes that

A you work more than you talk B you worked more than you talked

C you worked more than you talk D you had worked more than you had talked

11 Susan regretted not buying that villa

A Susan wished she had bought that villa

B Susan wished she bought that villa

C Susan wished she could buy that villa

D Susan wished she hadn’t bought that villa

12 It’s a pity that you didn’t tell us about this

A I wish you told us about this B I wish you would tell us about this

C I wish you had told us about this D I wish you have told us about this

13 I’m afraid he won’t get over his illness

A I wish he will get over his illness B I wish he would get over his illness

C I wish he got over his illness D I wish he had got over his illness

14 Peter regretted buying the secondhand computer

A Peter didn’t want to buy the secondhand computer

B Peter wished he didn’t buy the secondhand computer

C Peter wished he hadn’t bought the secondhand computer

D Peter was glad to buy the secondhand computer

15 I regret that you didn’t give me a chance to tell you the truth.

A I wish you didn’t give me a chance to tell you the truth

B I wish you gave me a chance to tell you the truth

C I wish you had given me a chance to tell you the truth

D I wish you hadn’t given me a chance to tell you the truth

P INVERSION : ĐẢO NGỮ

1 Đảo ngữ với NO và NOT

No + N + Auxiliary + S + Verb (inf)

Not any + N + Auxiliary + S + Verb (inf)

EX: No money shall I lend you from now on

(= Not any money shall I lend you from now on.)

2.Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định: Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly ever,…

Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever + Auxiliary + S + V

Never in Mid-summer does it snow

Hardly ever does he speak in the public

3 Đảo ngữ với ONLY

Only once

Only in this/that way

Only then + Auxiliary + S + V

5.No sooner……… than…

Hardly/ Bearly/ Scarely…… When/ before

EX: No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang

Hardly had she put up her umbrella before the rain becam down in torrents

6 Đảo ngữ với Not only…… but……also…

Not only + Auxiliary + S + V but… also………

Not only is he good at English but he also draws very well

Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly

7 Đảo ngữ với SO

So + Adj/ Adv + Auxiliary + S + V + that-clause (mệnh đề danh từ)

So dark is it that I can’t write

So busy am I that I don’t have time to look after myself

8 So + adjective + be + N + clause

So intelligent is that she can answer all questions in the interview

9 Đảo ngữ với until/ till + clause/ Adv of time + Auxiliary + S + V

EX: I won’t come home till 10 o’clock

(=Not until/ till o’clock that I will come home.)

10 Đảo ngữ với No where + Aux (Trợ động từ) + S + V

No where in the Vietnam is the scenery as beautiful as that in my country

11.Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện

a.Câu điều kiện loại 1: If-clause = Should +S + V…

b.Câu điều kiện loại 2: If-clause = Were S + to-V/ Were + S…

c.Câu điều kiện loại 3 : If-clause = Had + S + V 3

12 Trong câu có các mệnh đề với “as, though, no matter how, however” Thường đưa : n/adj/verb/adv lên trước

EXAMPLE :

Child as he is, she knows a great deal

Youngest as he is , he studies best in our class

13 Nhóm câu mở đầu bằng các từ và cụm từ sau “often, always, once, many a time ,now and then, every other day”

EG: Often do I tell her about my life here Many a time has he helped me with my experiment

Q Subject and verb agreement (Hòa hợp giữa chủ ngữ và động từ)

Qui tắc chung: S số ít + V số ít

S số nhiều + V số nhiều

Ex: The boy is playing football in the schoolyard

The students haven’t finished their tests yet

Một số trường hợp khác:

1 Động từ chia số ít: (noun : danh từ)

- Noun and Noun (chỉ cùng một người, một vật)

Ex: The singer and composer is performingtonight.

- Each, every, either, neither + Noun (số ít)

Ex: Every article in this newspaper is very interesting.

- Each, every Either, neither + of + Noun (số nhiều)

Ex: Each of children has a toy.

- Everything, something, anything, everybody, somebody, anybody, everyone, someone, anyone, nobody, nothing, noone

Ex: Everything looks bright and cleans.

- Danh từ chỉ tin tức, môn học (tận cùng bằng –ics), bệnh tật, đất nước: news, physics, politics, measles,

mumps, the Philippines, the United States,…

Ex: Physics is more difficult than chemistry.

- Danh từ không đếm được

Ex: The furniture was more expensive than we thought.

- Thời gian, tiền bạc, khoảng cách, trọng lượng

Ex: Four weeks is a long time to wait to hear from him.

- Mệnh đề, V-ing, to-inf

Ex: What he told was untrue.

Collecting stamps is my hobby.

2 Động từ chia số nhiều:

- Noun and noun (chỉ 2 người, 2 vật khác nhau)

Ex: The singer and the composer are performing tonight.

- The + adj: chỉ một nhóm người

Ex: The rich are not always happy

- Danh từ tập hợp: police, cattle, poultry, people,…

Ex: The police have arrested the thieves

- Some, a few, both, many, several + Noun (số nhiều)

Ex: Some books I read yesterday are famous

3 Động từ có thể số ít hoặc số nhiều:

- Either … or …

- Neither … nor … + V (dựa vào Noun gần động từ nhất)

- Not only … but also

Ex: Not only my brother but also my sister is here.

- Noun 1 + giới từ + Noun 2 + V (dựa vào Noun 1)

Ex: A box of cigarettes contains 20 pipes.

- The number of + Noun số nhiều + V số ít

- A number of + Noun số nhiều + V số nhiều

- All, some, none, plenty, Noun số ít → V số ít

- Half, Most, the rest, + of +

- a lot, lots Noun số nhiều → V số nhiều

Ex: None of the boys are good at English.

A lot of coffee has been sold.

as well as

- Noun 1 + together with + Noun 2 + V (dựa vào Noun 1)

along with

with

Ex: Mr Smith, as well as his wife, jogs every morning.

UNIT 1: HOME LIFE (Cuộc sống gia đình)

TỪ VỰNG PHẢI GHI NHỚ:

9 Mischievous: naughty/ playing tricks ……… Tinh nghịch

11 Take the responsibility for assume/take on responsibility for ……… Chịu trách nhiệm

PRACTICE TEST ON UNIT 1

Circle the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the other words

Question 2: A lived B appeared C acted D maintained

Question 3: A university B cultural C public D study

Circle the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the other words

Question 4: A concentrate B technology C communicate D certificate

Choose the best answer among options A, B, C or D.

Question 6 I think he will join us, ?

Question 7 youngest boy has just started going to school.

A a/x B x/the C an/x D the/x

Question 8 You are old enough to take _ for what you have done.

A responsible B responsibility C responsibly D irresponsible

Question 9 These quick and easy _ can be effective in the short term, but they have a cost.

Question 10 It is _ of you to leave the medicine where the children could get it.

Question 11 Unlike most men, my uncle likes _very much I like his eel soup very much

A having a shower B drinking beer C playing cards D cooking

Question 12 The leader of the explorers had the great _ in his native guide

A confident B confidence C confidential D confidentially

Question 13 _, I will give him the report

A When he will return B When he returns

C Until he will return D No sooner he returns

Question 14: It took me a very long time to _ the shock of her death.

Question 15: having the best qualifications among all the applicants, Justin was not offered the job.

A Although B Because C In spite of D Because of

Question 16: He asked me _ the week before.

A I had gone where B where did I gone C where had I gone D where I had gone

Question 17: If we _ the train at 8 yesterday, we in Hai Phong now.

A had taken - would arrive B had taken - would have arrived

C were taking - will arrive D took - arrived

Question 18: He spoke to the messengers with you were leaving.

Question 19: If I _ Ellen, I would love her roommate very much.

Question 20: This is the first time I _ to a mountainous area.

Question 21: Bill promised _ me the following week.

Question 22: Many children are under _ of learning that they do not feel happy at school.

A pressure B recommendation C interview D concentration

Question 23: In my family, both my parents _to give us a nice house and a happy home

A join hands B get out C shake hands D clutch hands

Question 24: My mother works _a nurse in a big hospital She examines the patients

Question 24.1: The vegetable _ in this shop are grown without chemicals.

Choose the best answer among A, B, C and D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each

of the following Questions.

Question 25: I had never expected to get the job I was really amazed when I was offered it

A expected B get C amazed D offered

Question 26: All the books on the top shelf belongs to me

Question 27: She spent most of her time talking, shouting, and to apologize.

Choose the best answer among A, B, C and D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the

underlined word(s) in each of the following Questions.

Question 28: Billy, come and give me a hand with cooking.

Question 29: I didn't think his comments were very appropriate at the time.

Question 29.1: We are a very close- knit family.

A need each other B are close to each other

C have very close relationship with each other D are polite to each other.

Choose the best answer among A, B, C and D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the

underlined word(s) in each of the following Questions.

Question 30: I feel under the weather today I’m tired and don’t want to do anything

Question 31: That is a well-behaved boy whose behavior has nothing to complain about”

A behaving nice B behaving cleverly C good behavior D behaving improperly

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following Questions.

Question 32.As you study harder, you will get more knowledge.

A. The hardest you study, the more knowledge you will get

B The harder you study, the more knowledge you will get.

C. The harder you study, the more you will get knowledge

D. The harder you study, the most knowledge you will get

Question 33: It's important that you be on time for the exam

A You mustn’t be late for the exam

B. You can be late for exam

C You don’t need to be on time for the exam

D. It should be late for the exam

Question 34 “I am going to Brighton tomorrow ”, said he

A He said he is going to Brighton tomorrow

B He said he was going to Brighton next day

C He said he was going to Brighton the following day

D He said he is going to Brighton the day after

Question 35: In Venezuela, beauty contests are more popular than football.

A In Venezuela, beauty contests are as popular as football

B In Venezuela, football is more popular than beauty contests

C In Venezuela, football is not as popular as beauty contests

D In Venezuela, beauty contests are not as popular as football

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following Questions.

Question 36 He stayed up late last night He is tired now.

A. If he were tired now, he would have stayed up late last night

B Had he not stayed up late last night, he wouldn't be tired now.

C. he had not stayed up late last night, he wouldn't have been tired now

D. If he didn't stay up late last night, he wouldn't be tired now

Question 37 I arrived at work The assistant knocked at the door

A Hardly had I arrived at work then the assistant knocked at the door.

B No sooner had I arrived at work than the assistant knocked at the door.

C I hardly knew the assistant knocked at the door as I just arrived at work.

D I had to arrived at work as the assistant knocked at the door.

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges.

Question 38 John : “ Do you think that we should use public transportation to protect our environment?”

Laura : “ ”

A Of course not, you bet! B Well, that’s very surprising

C There is no doubt about it D Yes, it’s an absorb idea

Question 39." _"_ "Any time I mean when I can find free time."

A. Do you read any books in your free time?B. How do you like reading books?

C. What kinds of books do you read? D. When do you often read books?

Question 40.Joana and David, two students, are talking about studying abroad

- Joana: "I think studying abroad is the only way to get a well-paid job."

- David: “ There’re still many different ways to get it."

A You're exactly right B I don’t think so

C That’s what I think D There’s no doubt about it

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks

There are many reasons 41 _ taking regular time with our family is important It creates a place to listen, teach to learn, and express ourselves freely and safely It provides 42 _ to discuss family joys, issues, and problems Family members can practice skills in a non-threatening atmosphere Families are a 43 _ part of our society and the fabric of our communities - we spend 44 _ time together to get our feelings of belonging, our values, support and understanding 45 , it helps keep family members together and feel safe in today's world where pressure can lead to family disintegration

Question 42: A opportunities B conditions C situations D circumstances

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the Questions

We first learn about loving and caring relationships from our families Family is defined as a domesticgroup of people with some degree of kinship - whether through blood, marriage, or adoption Ideally, eachchild is nurtured, respected, and grows up to care for others and develop strong and healthy relationships Thisdoes not mean that it is always easy to make and keep friends; it just means that we share the goal of havingstrong relationships

"Family" includes your siblings and parents, as well as relatives who you may not interact with

everyday, such as your cousins, aunts, uncles, grandparents, and stepparents These are probably the peopleyou are closest to and with whom you spend the most time Having healthy relationships with your familymembers is both important and difficult

Families in the 21st century come in all shapes and sizes: traditional, single parent, blended (more thanone family together in the same house], and gay and lesbian parents -just to name a few No matter the "type"

of family you have, there are going to be highs and lows - good times and bad Many times, however, families

become blocked in their relationships by hurt, anger, mistrust, and confusion These are natural and normal,

and few families do not have at least a few experiences with them The worst time for most families, is during

a divorce By making a few simple changes in the way we look at the world and deal with other people, it is

possible to create happier, more stable relationships Families need to be units of mutual caring and support;they can be sources of lifelong strength for all individuals.

Question 46: What is the main idea of the passage?

A The importance of sharing housework in a family

B The importance of having children in a family

C The role of members in family

D The healthy relationships among members in family

Question 47: Ideally, each child is nurtured, respected, and grows up ?

A to keep in touch with the people around them

B to keep a track of the people around them

C to be familiar with the people around them

D to be concerned about the people around them

Question 48: What does the word "These" in paragraph 2 refer to?

A good and bad times B feelings C relationships D high sandlows

Question 49: Which of the following is closest in meaning to "siblings" in paragraph 2?

A brothers & sisters B husband & wife C children D friends

Câu 5 According to the passage, which example below is probably NOT TRUE about the definition of

family?

A wife &husband relationship B step-father &daughter relationship

C nanny &baby relationship D god-mother &god-son relationship

UNIT 2: CULTURAL DIVERSITY(Sự khác biệt về văn hóa)

7 Physical attractiveness: ……… Cuốn hình hình thể

10 Oblige to: (obligation) a duty to do something: ……… Bắt buộc làm gì

19 Under the weather: = Sick Heathy ……… Bị bệnh ,…

PRACTICE TEST UNIT 2

Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently

Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest

Question 4 A diversity B cultural C prominent D primary

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following Questions.

Question 5: John cannot make decision to get married to Mary or stay single until he can afford a

house and a car

Question 6: By cutting down trees, we harm to the natural habitat of birds and animals.

Question 7: The more _ and positive you look, the better you will feel.

A confide B confident C confidently D confidence

Question 8: Many Vietnamese people their lives for the revolutionary cause of the nation

A sacrifice B sacrificed C sacrificial D sacrificially

Question 9: They had a candlelit dinner last night and she accepted his proposal of marriage.

A romance B romantic C romantically D romanticize

Question 10: Are there any _, between Vietnamese and American culture?

A differences B different C differently D differential

Question 11: By the time you come here tomorrow, the work

A will have been finishing B will be finishing

C will have been finished D will be finished

Question 12: If you put your money in a bank now, you may get 12% _annually.

Question 13: I can’t possibly lend you any more money, it is quite out of the _

Question 14: his poor English, he managed to communicate his problems clearly.

Question 15: The ticket to London doesn’t cost a lot, ?

Question 16: I looked the word up in the dictionary to refresh my _of its exact meaning.

Question 17: Nowadays, most people rely _the mass media as their main source of information.

Question 18: If you eat too much, you _ the price by putting on weight

A will pay B paid C would pay D were paying

Question 19: I am planning Da Lat next week.

Question 20: Despacito, over four billion times on YouTube, is one of the most favourite songs

among teenagers worldwide

Question 21: The online game “Dumb ways to die” quickly with young people after being

released in 2013

A took on B caught up C caught on D took up