Race and Religious Riots in Modern World History (tentative) Prof. Wolf Gruner Fall 2021

Individual research When individual research is assigned in the syllabus, please conduct research on the internet for contemporary press coverage, or testimonies of the riot search for

Race and Religious Riots in Modern World History (tentative)

Prof Wolf Gruner

Fall 2021

Office: SOS 265

Office hours: Tues 12.45-1.45 pm & by app’t. Course is on Blackboard

Frequently, we hear terrible news about people hunting down people of different origins, destroying their property and even murdering them during violent riots Since the beginning of the 21th century, it happened in various countries, including in Spain, South Africa, Australia and Israel Throughout modern history, we find similar cases of racist and religious violence against minority groups in all parts of the world: Peruvians attacked Japanese, Chinese Africans, Mexicans Chinese, Hindu Indians attacked Sikh and Muslim Indians, Muslims Jews, Britons Germans, Germans Jews, and “white” US-Americans other US-Americans: Chinese, Black and LatinX

What are the objectives of such widespread segregationist violence and what are the real causes? Does longstanding racial prejudice and religious furor drive such attacks? Are there political, social and economic factors involved? Moreover, many of those violent riots and pogroms did not happen in dictatorships, but in so-called democratic societies Are such riots spontaneous eruptions of people’s anger or rather organized pogroms fueled by certain interests? While examining and comparing a variety of cases from Asia, Europe, Australia and the Americas during the 19th and the 20th century, we will also discuss theoretical approaches to collective violence and racist segregation

This course will provide students (except seniors) with the opportunity to develop a research topic for a senior thesis in the History Department honors program After the end of this research seminar, there will be the opportunity to further your research over the next semester and the summer (potentially with funding from resources such as SOAR, SURF or Foulke), and then write your thesis in HIST 492 (usually in the fall semester).

Required books

(at USC bookstore and as electronic versions via USC libraries)

Charles L Lumpkins, American Pogrom: The East St Louis Race Riot and Black Politics Ohio

University Press, 2008 (paperback)

Joshua Cole, Lethal Provocation The Constantine Murders and the Politics of French Algeria,

Ithaca: Cornell University Press 2019

Eduardo Pagan, Murder at the Sleepy Lagoon: Zoot Suits, Race, and Riot in Wartime L.A., New

York: The University of North Carolina, 2006

Alan Steinweis, Kristallnacht 1938, Cambridge 2009.

Additional required readings are posted on Blackboard

Attention: The readings may display graphic images and detail graphic scenes.

Optional reading:

Theoretical or historical discussions

Donald L Horowitz: The Deadly Ethnic Riot, (University of California Press, 2001).

Paul R Brass, Forms of collective violence : riots, pogroms, & genocide in modern India, (New

Delhi: Three Essays Collective, 2006)

Paul R Brass, The Production Of Hindu-Muslim Violence In Contemporary India (University of

Washington Press, 2011)

Jamie Seth Davidson, From Rebellion to Riots.Collective violence on Indonesian

Borneo,Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 2008.

Christhard Hoffmann, Werner Bergmann, and Helmut Walser Smith, Exclusionary violence :

Antisemitic riots in modern German history (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press,

2002)

Janet L Abu-Lughod, Race, space, and riots in Chicago, New York, and Los Angeles (Oxford;

New York: Oxford University Press, 2007)

Case studies and their historical context

Scott Zech, The Chinatown War Chinese Los Angeles and the Massacre of 1871, Oxford

University Press 2013

Jean Pfaelzer, Driven Out The Forgotten War against Chinese Americans, Berkeley: University

of California Press, 2008

Jason Oliver Chang, Chino: Anti-Chinese Racism in Mexico, 1880-1940, Champaign, IL:

University of Illinois Press, 2017

Andrew Gyory, Closing the Gate: Race, Politics and the Chinese Exclusion Act, U North

Carolina Press, 1998

Paul R Brass (ed.), Riots and pogroms, New York: New York University Press, 1996.

Jaskaran Kaur, Twenty Years of Impunity The November 1984 Pogroms of Sikhs in India A

Report by Ensaaf, 2nd Edition October 2006

Malcolm McLaughlin, Power, community, and racial killing in East St Louis (New York, N.Y.:

Palgrave Macmillan, 2005); State Council of Defense of Illinois Labor Committee,

Report to the Illinois State Council of Defense on the race riots at East St Louis,Chicago,

Ill.: Illinois State Council of Defense, 1917; United States Congress House Special

Committee to Investigate the East St Louis Riots, East St Louis Riots : report of the special committee authorized by Congress to investigate the East St Louis riots

Washington, D.C.: U.S G.P.O., 1918

Carl Sandburg, The Chicago Race Riots, July, 1919 New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1969 Tim Madigan, The burning : massacre, destruction, and the Tulsa race riot of 1921,New York:

Thomas Dunne Books/St Martin’s Press, 2001 ; Alfred L Brophy, Reconstructing the Dreamland : the Tulsa riot of 1921 : race, reparations, and reconciliation Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2002; James S Hirsch, Riot and remembrance : the Tulsa race war and its legacy.Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.

Kevin Hillstrom, The Zoot Suit Riots.Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, 2012.

Course requirements:

Class attendance and discussions: Participation in class discussions about the readings is vital

for the learning process I expect that you will attend all class meetings, complete assigned reading on time, and engage actively with the material in our discussions If you will miss a class, you have to inform me in advance via email In cases of illness you have to provide me with a certificate by the USC Health office Unexcused absences lower your grade If you miss more than 5 classes, I won’t accept a research paper, which will significantly lower the grade

The breakdown of your grade is as follows: daily attendance, 10 %; active participation in class discussions, 20% = for a total of 30%.

Examinations:

One midterm exam will be given based on readings and class discussions Midterm: 30% Individual research

When individual research is assigned in the syllabus, please conduct research on the internet for contemporary press coverage, or testimonies of the riot (search for newspaper clippings for example in Proquest)

Research Paper: You are required to write a research paper of 15-20 pages on a topic of your

choice and interest whether related to the topic in general or to specific questions under

consideration in this class This paper will be grounded in the historiography of the chosen area, but the heart of the effort will involve research of primary source material as far as available, including the rich material housed in the USC Shoah Foundation Institute or the Holocaust book collection at Doheny library Please start early to think about a possible subject After the mid-term you need to provide me with a research subject and a list of possible sources which you will use to write the paper Feel free to discuss anything about preparing, researching or writing the

paper with me by email or during my office hours Research Paper: 40%.

Academic Integrity USC seeks to maintain an optimal learning environment General principles

of academic honesty include the concept of respect for the intellectual property of others, the expectation that individual work will be submitted unless otherwise allowed by an instructor, and

the obligations both to protect one’s own academic work from misuse by others as well as to avoid using another’s work as one’s own All students are expected to understand and abide by

these principles SCampus, the Student Guidebook, contains the Student Conduct Code in

Section 11.00, while the recommended sanctions are located in Appendix A:

http://www.usc.edu/dept/publications/SCAMPUS/gov/ Students will be referred to the Office of Student Judicial Affairs and Community Standards for further review, should there be any

suspicion of academic dishonesty The review process can be found at:

http://www.usc.edu/student-affairs/SJACS/

Students with Disabilities Any student requesting academic accommodations based on a

disability is required to register with Disability Services and Programs (DSP) each semester A letter of verification for approved accommodations can be obtained from DSP Please be sure the letter is delivered to me as early in the semester as possible DSP is located in 3601 Watts Way, Grace Ford Salvatori Hall 120 and is open 8:30 a.m.–5:00 p.m., Monday through Friday The phone number for DSP is (213) 740-0776, email: ability@usc.edu

Use of Electronic Devices

The use of laptops or other electronic devices, incl phones, can be distracting for you and other students and is therefore not allowed during class

Class Notes Policy

Notes taken by students in this class based on lectures or discussion sections may only be made for the purposes of individual or group study Permission to make recordings falls within the discretion of the instructor and as informed by instructional purposes, classroom order, property interests, and other reasonable considerations arising in the academic context Notes and

recordings of this class may not be exchanged or distributed for any commercial purpose, for compensation, or for any purpose other than your personal study Unless authorized by the University in advance and explicitly and in writing permitted by me, commercial or any non-personal use of class notes or recordings constitutes an unauthorized commercial activity in violation of the Student Conduct Code, and students who violate this policy are subject to

University discipline As the instructor in this course, I retain intellectual property rights in the lecture material pursuant to U.S copyright law and California Civil Code 980(a)(1) Misuse of course notes or recordings derived from lecture material may also subject you to legal

proceedings

1 Tue, 24 Aug: Introduction

Due on Thursday independent research (given in first class) current riots, terms: riot, pogrom

2 Thu, 26 Aug: Discussion of terms and cases

Secondary literature

Paul R Brass, On the study of riots, pogroms and genocide, in: idem, Forms of collective

violence : riots, pogroms, & genocide in modern India (New Delhi: Three Essays

Collective, 2006), pp 1-9

Paul Brass, Riot or Pogrom, in idem, (ed.), Riots and pogroms (New York: New York

University Press, 1996), pp 32-34

3 Tues, 31 Aug: Theories of Riots

Secondary literature

Donald L Horowitz: The Deadly Ethnic Riot, 2001 pp 1-42

4 Thu, 2 Sep: The Americas, Anti-Chinese riots in the US, 19 th Century

Secondary literature

Martha Mabie Gardner, Working on White Womanhood: White Working Women in the

San Francisco Anti-Chinese Movement, 1877-1890, in: Journal of Social History, Vol 33, No 1 (Autumn, 1999), pp 73-95

Clayton D Laurie, Civil Disorder and the Military in Rock Springs, Wyoming: The

Army's Role in the 1885 Chinese Massacre, in: Montana: The Magazine of Western History, Vol 40, No 3 (Summer, 1990), pp 44-59

Victor Jew, 'Chinese Demons': The Violent Articulation of Chinese Otherness and

Interracial Sexuality in the U.S Midwest, 1885-1889, in: Journal of Social History, Vol 37, No 2 (Winter, 2003), pp 389-410

5 Tue, 7 Sep: The Americas, Anti-Chinese riots in Mexico 1911

Primary sources:

Individual research on the net (proquest): e.g contemporary press coverage, testimonies

(always send primary research results/documents per email to instructor)

Secondary literature

Leo M Dambourges Jacques, The Chinese Massacre in Torreon (Coahuila) in 1911, in:

Arizona and the West, Vol 16, No 3 (Autumn, 1974), pp 233-246

Robert Chao Romero, Mexican Sinophobia and the Anti-Chinese Campaigns, in: idem,

The Chinese in Mexico, 1882-1940 (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2010),

pp 145-190

Optional: Philip A Dennis, The Anti-Chinese Campaigns in Sonora, Mexico, in:

Ethnohistory, Vol 26, No 1 (Winter, 1979), pp 65-80

6 Thu, 9 Sep: The Americas, East St Louis 1917

Secondary literature

Charles L Lumpkins, American Pogrom, 2008, pp 1-73.

7 Tue, 14 Sep: The Americas, East St Louis 1917

Secondary literature

Charles L Lumpkins, American Pogrom, 2008, pp 74-142.

8 Thu, 16 Sep: Research Resources:

Attention other venue: Introduction of the Holocaust and Genocide studies collection at Doheny library.

Short oral presentation in class of every student about research topics

(during the following two weeks make appointments for meetings with instructor

regarding research paper)

9 Tue, 21 Sep: The Americas, Los Angeles 1943

Primary sources:

Individual research on the net (proquest): e.g contemporary press coverage about the Zoot suits riots

Secondary literature

Pagán, Murder at the Sleepy Lagoon, 2006, pp 1-6, 19-44, 59-68, 71-97

10 Thu, 23 Sep: The Americas, Los Angeles 1943

Secondary literature

Pagán, Murder at the Sleepy Lagoon, 2006, pp 98-125, 145-187.

Richard Griswold del Castillo, The Los Angeles "Zoot Suit Riots" Revisited: Mexican

and Latin American Perspectives, in: Mexican Studies / Estudios Mexicanos, Vol

16, No 2 (Summer, 2000), pp 367-391

11 Tue, 28 Sep: Australia: the Normanton Race Riots, 1888 and Cronulla Riots 2005

Primary sources:

Individual research on the net (proquest): e.g contemporary press coverage

Secondary literature

Jacqui Donegan and Raymond Evans, Running amok: the Normanton Race Riots of 1888

and the genesis of white Australia, in: Journal of Australian Studies, 71 (Dec 15, 2001):

pp 83 -98

Nelia Hyndman-Rizik, ''Shrinking Worlds': Cronulla, Anti-Lebanese Racism and

Return Visits in the Sydney Hadchiti Lebanese Community', in: Anthropological Forum,

18 (2008) No 1, pp 37-55

12 Thu, 30 Sep: Europe: Race riots in Britain 1915 and 1961

Primary sources:

Individual research on the net (proquest): e.g contemporary press coverage, testimonies

Secondary literature

Nicoletta F Gullace, Friends, Aliens, And Enemies: Fictive Communities And The

Lusitania Riots Of 1915, in: Journal of Social History; 39 (Winter 2005) No 2, pp 345-

367

Panikos Panayi, Middlesbrough 1961: A British Race Riot of the 1960s?, in: Social History, Vol 16, No 2 (May, 1991), pp 139-153

13 Tue, 5 Oct 21: Mid-term Preparations and Assessment

14 Thu, 7 Oct: Mid-term exam based on required reading up to this date and class

discussions

15 Tue, 12 Oct Research Resources

Attention other venue: Introduction to the Shoah foundation Institute archive

14 Oct and 15 Oct fall recess

Due on Tuesday: Research paper-topic

Please explain your subject or research question and provide a preliminary list of the literature

(full titles) and the primary sources you will use in your paper on one page)

Check research guidelines for more details: submit in class as a hard copy and via email.

16 Tue, 19 Oct: Europe, Anti-Jewish riots in Turkey in 1934

Primary sources:

Individual research on the net (proquest): e.g contemporary press coverage, testimonies

Secondary literature

Bayraktar, Hatiice, 'The anti-Jewish pogrom in Eastern Thrace in 1934: new evidence for the responsibility of the Turkish government', in: Patterns of Prejudice, 40 (2006), 2, pp 95-111

17 Thu, 21 Oct: Africa, Anti-Jewish riots in Constantine (French Algeria) 1934

Secondary literature

Joshua Cole, Lethal Provocation The Constantine Murders, pp 21-45, 55-112

18 Tue, 26 Oct: Africa, Anti-Jewish riots in Constantine (French Algeria) 1934

Primary sources:

Individual research on the net (proquest): e.g contemporary press coverage, testimonies

Secondary literature

Joshua Cole, Lethal Provocation The Constantine Murders, pp 115-146.

19 Thu, 28 Oct: Africa, Anti-Jewish riots in Constantine (French Algeria) 1934

Secondary literature

Joshua Cole, Lethal Provocation The Constantine Murders, pp 148-201, 242-252.

20 Tue, 2 Nov: Europe, Anti-Jewish riots in Nazi Germany 1938 (Kristallnacht)

Secondary literature

Alan Steinweis, Kristallnacht 1938, Cambridge 2009, pp 1-55.

Wolf Gruner, “Worse than Vandals” The Mass Destruction of Jewish Homes and Jewish

Responses during the 1938 pogrom, in: Wolf Gruner/Steven Ross (eds.), New

Perspectives on Kristallnacht: After 80 Years, the Nazi Pogrom in Global Comparison, West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press 2019, pp 25-49

21 Thu, 4 Nov: Europe, Anti-Jewish riots in Nazi Germany 1938 (Kristallnacht)

Secondary Literature

Alan Steinweis, Kristallnacht 1938, Cambridge 2009, pp 55-118.

Due on Sunday evening, per email:

Outline of the research paper, plus paper title and updated bibliography with annotated list

of literature

(check research guidelines)

22 Tue, 9 Nov: South Asia, Sri Lanka, 1915

Secondary Literature

A P Kannangara, The Riots of 1915 in Sri Lanka: A Study in the Roots of Communal

Violence, in: Past & Present, No 102 (Feb., 1984), pp 130-165

Kumari Jayawardena, Economic and Political Factors in the 1915 Riots, in: The Journal

of Asian Studies, Vol 29, No 2 (Feb., 1970), pp 223-233

23 Thu, 11 Nov: South East Asia: Anti-Christian, and Anti-Chinese riots, 1969-70ies

Secondary literature

Kia Soong, Racial conflict in Malaysia: against the official history, in: Race Class (49)

2008, No 3, pp 33-53.

Federico V Magdalena, Intergroup Conflict in the Southern Philippines: An Empirical

Analysis, in: Journal of Peace Research, Vol 14, No 4 (1977), pp 299-313

24 Tue, 16 Nov: South Asia, India: Riots in 1907 and 1930

Primary research

Individual research on the net (proquest): e.g contemporary press coverage, testimonies

Secondary Literature

Shereen Ilahi, Sectarian Violence and the British Raj: The Muharram Riots of Lucknow, in: India Review Vol 6 (July 2007) No 3, pages 184 – 208

25 Thu, 18 Nov: South Asia, India: Anti-Sikh riots in Deli, 1984

Primary sources

Eye witness reports: in, Kaur, Twenty Years, 2006, pp 24-26, 42-44.

Secondary Literature

Jaskaran Kaur, Twenty Years of Impunity The November 1984 Pogroms of Sikhs in India

A Report by Ensaaf, 2nd Edition October 2006, pp 4-23, 27-41, 45-61

Jasneet Aulakh, Blood for Blood 1984 India (USC History honor’s thesis, 2011), pp

1-36

26 Tue, 23 Nov: South Asia, India: Anti-Sikh riots in Deli, 1984

Primary sources

Doc on the involvement of politicians, in: Kaur, Twenty Years, 2006, pp 152-160.

Secondary Literature

Kaur, Twenty Years of Impunity, 2006 pp 45-101.

Aulakh, Blood for Blood 1984 India, pp 37-53

Thanksgiving

27 Tue, 30 Nov: Collective Violence in Theory

Donald L Horowitz: The Deadly Ethnic Riot, University of California Press, 2001, pp

522-565

Roberta Senechal de la Roche, Collective Violence as Social Control, in: Sociological

Forum, Vol 11, No 1 (Mar., 1996), pp 97-128

Due: Research paper !!! on Thursday (hard copy and via turnitin)

28 Thur, 2 Dec: Oral presentation of individual research paper results, summary of the

class, open questions, class assessment