Rules of editing diploma (bachelor’s and master’s) theses

DECLARATION OF THE THESIS AUTHORpage no 2, the number should not be visible The student has to download from the mojaPG platform the above-mentioned Declaration which complies with Anne

Detailed Requirements for Editing Theses and Diploma Projects Written in Polish under the Supervision of the Faculty of Management and Economics at Gdansk

Student’s name and surname: <name, surname>

University Student Number: <USN>

Type of studies: <first cycle / second cycle>

Form of studies: <full-time course / part-time course>

Field of studies: < name of the field of studies >

Specialization/profile: <name of specialization / profile>

Confirmation of thesis acceptance

DECLARATION OF THE THESIS AUTHOR

(page no 2, the number should not be visible)

The student has to download from the mojaPG platform the above-mentioned

Declaration which complies with Annex No.2 to the Ordinance No.15/2014 of 24th March 2014issued by the Rector of Gdansk University of Technology

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-ABSTRACT (IN POLISH)

(page no 3, the number should be visible)

The thesis abstract (maximum 1 page) should feature the following: the statement of

the scientific or practical problem to be addressed, the purpose and scope of the thesis, thedescription of the applied research methods, findings and key conclusions

Keywords:

Field of Science and Technology, as required by OECD: <field >, <technology >, …

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-ABSTRACT (IN ENGLISH)

(page no 4, the number should be visible)

The abstract (maximum 1 page) is a summary of the thesis in English containing the

same elements as its Polish equivalent

Keywords:

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

(page no 4, the number should be visible)

Line spacing in the table of contents is 1 line Spacing for the top paragraph is 0 pts andfor the bottom one 6 pts

The table of contents should be arranged according to the standard reproduced below Appropriate page numbers should be provided When using MS Word programs the table of contents can be generated automatically using one of the text styles Then, however, it has to

be verified for compliance with the following standard presented below

List of important symbols and abbreviations page numberIntroduction page number1.Title of the first chapter page number1.1.Title of a subchapter page number1.1.1.Title of a subchapter section page number1.2 Title of a subchapter page numberSubsequent chapters, subchapters and their sections page numberSummary page numberBibliography page numberList of figures page numberList of tables page numberList of appendices page number

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LIST OF IMPORTANT SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

CDM – Context Driven Model

SOA – Service Oriented Architecture

Symbols used in a formula should be typed in italics, whereas abbreviations in lighttype

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The present work defines editorial requirements to be met by diploma theses andprojects written in Polish under the supervision of the Faculty of Management and Economics atGdansk University of Technology The document is based on the Ordinance No.15/2014 of 24thMarch 2014 issued by the Rector of Gdansk University of Technology which concerns theintroduction of editorial guidelines and requirements that authors of theses and diploma projectspursued at Gdansk University of Technology have to follow

Further chapters include detailed information on thesis formatting

as well as on the rules of quoting and referencing bibliographical sources The appendices tothe present work contain instructions for using a so called bibliography manager in MS Wordtext editors The notion of a bibliography manager is explained in subchapter 2.5

The formatting of this paper complies with the standard obligatory for diploma thesesand projects

The introduction to a thesis defines the background of the problem investigated in order

to justify the importance of the thesis topic It should also feature questions which the thesisauthor intends to resolve in his/her work Furthermore, the introduction should determine thepurpose and expected results of the dissertation It should not exceed 3 pages and its title,

in contrast to other chapters, is not numbered

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In MS Word text editors this is achieved by selecting the Mirror option,

setting all margins to 2,5 cm and the binding margin to 1 cm The same margin setup isrecommended for pages in a non-standard size or orientation

1.1.4 Page numbering

Due to the two-sided printing of a thesis, page numbers ought to be placed in the footer

of the document and centre aligned Page numbering is hidden both on the title page and on thenext one containing the Declaration Visible pagination starts with page 3 including the Abstract

in Polish and finishes with the page containing Appendices It is continuous throughout the workand written in Arabic numerals in Arial 9 font Pages in a non-standard format or horizontallyoriented which appear in a given thesis should also be numbered

In practice, both the title page and the one including the Declaration are downloaded

from the mojaPG platform, thus the first page of the document written in the text editor is page 3

with the Abstract in Polish For this very reason, number 3 should be set as initial when thevisibility of numbering is activated on the document first page

1.1.5 Body text

Here are the settings for the body text:

• font: Arial,

• font size: 10 pts,

• line spacing: 1,5 lines,

• the text is aligned to both margins (justified),

• paragraph first line indentation is 1.25 cm

1.1.6.Headings

In the thesis there may appear up to three levels of headings All headings of chapters,subchapters and subchapter sections should be left-aligned to the text edge Table 1.1 presentstypefaces recommended for headings

Tabela 1.1 Font size in headings

1st level heading 1 CHAPTER TITLE 12 pts, uppercase, boldface 2nd level heading 1.1 Subchapter title 10 pts, boldface, italics

3rd level heading 1.1.1 Section of a subchapter 10 pts, italics

Source: Order of the Rector of Gdansk University of Technology No 17/2014 of 1 st April 2014

The title of the next chapter should always appear on a new page There exists adefinite spacing for each paragraph containing the title of a chapter, a subchapter or a section of

a subchapter:

• top 12 pts,

• bottom 6 pts

1.1.7 Bulleted lists and numbering.

Here is an example of providing information in bullet points in a proper manner:

each element of a list is preceded with a bullet point and starts with a lowercase letter;lines finish with a comma or a semicolon except the last one followed by a full stop;

it is not possible for a bulleted list to include only one element;

in this document the Bullet Points style is used to format the text in the form of abulleted list

Numbered lists can also be applied for enumerating, as shown in the example below:Each main element is preceded with an Arabic numeral and starts with an uppercase letter.Lines of enumeration finish with full stops

If the main element consists of the second level elements, then:

a) the next level of the list begins with letter symbols;

b) the text of an element begins with a small letter;

c) lines of numbering the second and further rows finish with a comma or a semicolon,except the last element followed by a full stop;

It is not possible for a numbered list to include only one element

In this document the ‘Bullet Points style is used to format the text in the form of a numbered list

1.1.8.Tables and captions.

The table title is placed directly above the table and aligned to its left edge As shown inthe exemplary tables 1.1 and 1.2 below, it is recommended to use Font size 9 pts is and to skipfull stops at the end Here is the spacing for a paragraph containing a table description:

• top 6 pts,

• bottom 0 pts

Two types of table cells formatting can be used depending on the table content

1) Text data in a table should be presented in the way shown in the exemplary table 1.1 below,namely using font size 9 pts and aligning the text to the left edge of the table cells

2) Figures in a table should be presented in the way shown in table 1.2 below, namely usingfont size 9 pts The content of the first column is aligned to the left, while the content ofother columns is centered If the data is presented in the form of specific units ofmeasurement, they should be put in square brackets and appear in column headers, e.g

‘Gross Revenue [mln PLN]’

The tables are numbered sequentially within each chapter. The table sequence number (inthe table title) appears after the word ‘Table’ followed by the chapter number and a full stop(e.g Table 1.1 Amount …).Each table should be referred to in the thesis, as shown in thefollowing example: ‘Table 1.1 shows…’

The width of the table cannot exceed the limits established for the whole text If it isnecessary to divide the table between subsequent pages, then the table header should be

reproduced on each page via the option :Table features > chart: line> option: Repeat as a

header at the beginning of each page

Table 1.2 Staff remuneration in the initial phase

Employee [PLN/h]Rate

Working hours [h]

To be paid [PLN]

If data included in a table require further commentary, the legend should appear in anextra line at the bottom of the table The text inside it is left aligned, as shown in Table 1.2

The source of data presented in the table is placed just below it The description of thedata source ought to be written in font 9 pts and left aligned to the table edge The spacing for aparagraph containing the data source description follows the rules for table titles, i.e.:

• top 6 pts,

• bottom 0 pts

The first paragraph following the table is separated from it with a top spacing of 12 pts

1.1.9.Figures and captions.

Figures are numbered consecutively in order of appearance in a chapter Below the

figure there appears a caption preceded by the abbreviation (Fig.), the chapter number and the

figure sequential number, e.g Fig 1.1

All figures appearing in the thesis should be centered The spacing for the exemplaryparagraph including figure 1.1 is as follows:

• top 12 pts,

• bottom 0 pts

The width of the figure cannot exceed the limits established for the whole text However,the figure may be so large and detailed that it is impossible to adjust it to the text width withoutmaking it less comprehensible In such cases the usage of another paper orientation or a largerpaper size is permitted, as described in subchapter 1.1

Each table should be referred to in the thesis, as in the following example: ‘Figure1.1shows…’ If the thesis is written in Polish, all tables and figures have to be described in Polish,too

Here is an example showing how to place figures and captions properly:

a) b)Fig 1.1 Emblem of the Technical University of Gdansk, a) in Polish, b) in English.

Source: Technical University of Gdansk –Visual Identity Book, 2013Figure captions are centered and typed in Font 9 pts The source of the figure isprovided without a full stop at the end Here are formatting requirements for paragraphscontaining figures:

• top spacing 6 pts,

• bottom spacing 12 pts

• line spacing – 1 line

The first paragraph following the figure begins after the top spacing of 12 pts

1.1.10 Formulas.

Italics should be used to describe variables, e.g x, n i , n i+1, while boldface is

recommended for symbols denoting vectors and matrices, e.g v, A A minus sign appears

directly in front of a number without any spacebar, e.g.(–20) The degree symbol (°) and thepercent sign (%) directly follow the value they refer to, e.g 25°C i 78% respectively Thenumerical value and the unit of measure are separated by a spacebar, e.g 1 V, 10 km

If possible, one should avoid inserting equations (INSERT > Equation) directly in theparagraph text If a given equation can be presented clearly in one line, it is recommended tofollow this example: 1/2t2 or e2x+1 Afterwards, the meaning of each symbol has to be indicated,

e.g where: t –time[s]

Equations which might appear incomprehensible when written in one line, should bepresented in a separate paragraph, e.g

2

2

t a t v

to estimate…’

1.1.11 Text punctuation and aesthetics.

It is important to use punctuation marks, spacing and tabulation characters with duediligence As regards punctuation marks the following applies: a full stop, a colon, a comma and

a semicolon directly follow the preceding word and are separated from the next one with asingle spacebar, e.g „ word Word ” It is unacceptable to put a spacebar in front of thesemarks

Ellipsis is separated from the adjacent words with a single spacebar both before andafter it, e.g ’word word’

A hyphen (a short line) is used without a spacebar, e.g to connect adjectives: ‘thetechnical-economic analysis’ A dash (a long line), in contrast, is separated from the adjacentwords with a single spacebar The dash is usually used to introduce intercalations in a sentence

or to explain ideas, e.g.: ‘A dash – a punctuation mark in the form of a longer, horizontal linesituated near the mid writing line.’

It is unacceptable to double a spacebar, e.g in order to increase the spacing betweenwords – text editors automatically set the width of a space in order to maintain the best textlegibility All the more, tabulation characters must not be replaced with a repeated use ofspacebars If there exists a justified need to put an excerpt in a place other than implied by thetext style, then one should use tabulation characters or adjust text indentation or protrusion –appropriate controls appear on a toolbar displayed over the site

Conjunctions and prepositions, such as: a, i, o, u, w, or z, cannot be left at the end oflines The recommended method of transferring them is to use a so-called manual line breakinserted before a one-letter word via the key combination: Shift + Ctrl + Enter

A numerical value may happen to appear at the end of a line and, as a result, its unit ofmeasure is moved to the next line To avoid this one can insert a so-called non-breaking spacebetween a number and its unit via the key combination: Shift + Ctrl + Space

1.1.12 Footnotes.

Footnotes, if any, should be placed under a line and numbered consecutivelythroughout the length of the text Footnotes are not used for referencing literature sources 1 –the proper way of referring to sources is presented in the next chapter Footnotes are insertedvia the following option: REFERENCES > Insert bottom footnotes

Endnotes are not used in theses

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1 Bottom footnotes are used to provide extra commentary or clarification to a given piece of text.

2 REFERENCING BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOURCES IN THE TEXT

While writing a thesis we justify our choices and invoke other authors’ opinions byreferring to previously published literature There are two basic means of referring to the works

of other authors The first is a summary of someone’s views or ideas The second is a literalquotation of the source text Below there appear detailed instructions showing how to refer tobibliographical sources in the text body of the thesis They follow the standard of AmericanPsychological Association (APA) ‘Publication Manual’, sixth Edition

2.1 Referencing literature (cross-references to sources)

The views of another author can be invoked in two ways In the first method thesurname of the quoted author, which is directly followed by the year of source publication given

in parentheses, appears in the text including his/her beliefs

Example:

Warr (1994) presented a vitamin concept of motivation to work.

In the second method both the author’s surname and the year of source publication areprovided in parentheses

2.1.1 Referencing the work by one author

If the reference is made to the work of one author, then his/her name and the year ofpublication are given in parentheses

Example:

Self-esteem is most often defined in general terms (Rosenberg, 1965).

or

Self-esteem is most often defined in general terms suggested by Rosenberg (1965).

2.1.2 Referencing the work by two authors

In case of two authors their surnames are connected with a conjunction ‘and’ if thereference is made in a sentence including their beliefs If their names appear in parentheses,they should be separated with a comma and followed by the year of publication

2.1.3 Referencing the work by three, four or five authors

When dealing with three, four or five authors of the work, their surnames are provided inparentheses and separated from one another with a comma If they are listed in a sentence, thelast-mentioned surname is preceded by the conjunction ‘and’

2.1.4 Referencing the work by six or more authors

When there appear to be six or more authors of the work, one should provide thesurname of the first author followed by the abbreviation ‘et al indicating other co-authors andthe year of publication

2.1.5 Summary and specific cases

General rules and specific cases:

names of authors are separated with a comma

multiple works referred to in parentheses are separated with a semicolon and provided

in the alphabetical order by the first author’s surname;

if the reference to a given source appears at the end of a sentence, the full stop is putafter the parentheses;

several works by the same author published in different years should be provided in achronological order from the oldest to the most recent e.g (Sikorski, 2010, 2011); several works by the same author published in the same year are additionally markedwith letters a, b, c (e.g Sikorski, 2011a; Sikorski, 20011b);

when two authors with the same surname are referred to, their surnames should always

be preceded with the initial of the first name e.g J Wachowicz (2010) as well as K.Wachowicz and Brzozowska (1995) or (J Wachowicz, 2010; K.Wachowicz,,Brzozowska,1995)

Table 2.1 contains the summary of the above-mentioned rules